{"id":160695,"date":"2026-09-05T00:24:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=160695"},"modified":"2026-09-05T00:43:39","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:43:39","slug":"menrva-etruscanska-boginja-modrosti-vojne","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/menrva-etruscanska-boginja-modrosti-vojne\/","title":{"rendered":"Menrva &#8211; Etru\u0161\u010danska boginja modrosti in vojne"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"160695\" class=\"elementor elementor-160695 elementor-2606 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Menrva - Etru\u0161\u010danska boginja modrosti, obrti in vojne<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Menrva (zapisana tudi kot Menerva, Menarva) je v etru\u0161\u010danski religiji boginja modrosti, obrti, vojne in zdravljenja. Skupaj s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160692\">Tinio<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160694\">Uni<\/a> tvori kapitolinsko trojico in je neposredna predhodnica rimske Minerve. Ta predstavitev opisuje njen religiolo\u0161ki polo\u017eaj v etru\u0161\u010danskem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota bogov neke religije ali kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boginja tradicije Etru\u0161\u010danska.\">Boginja<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160656\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologija tradicije Etru\u0161\u010danska.\">Etru\u0161\u010danska<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boginja modrosti.\">Boginja modrosti<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tej strani ni najdenih naslovov.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tKazalo vsebine\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-menrva-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-menrva-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-menrva-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_menrva-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-162574\" alt=\"Menrva \u2013 bogovi iz etru\u0161\u010danske tradicije, zgodovinsko-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_menrva-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_menrva-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_menrva-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_menrva.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umestitev v etru\u0161\u010danskem panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Menrva spada med najvi\u0161je bogove etru\u0161\u010danske religije. Kot del kapitolinske trojice Tinia-Uni-Menrva je bila osrednja za etru\u0161\u010danski dr\u017eavni kult, ki je z etru\u0161\u010dansko zgraditvijo rimskega Kapitola (konec 6. stoletja pr. n. \u0161t.) pre\u0161el tudi v rimsko dr\u017eavno ureditev.<\/p><p>Larissa Bonfante in Nancy Thomson de Grummond sta Menrvo obravnavali v svojih temeljnih delih o etru\u0161\u010danski religiji. V etru\u0161\u010danski likovni umetnosti je ena najpogosteje upodobljenih boginj, kar dokazuje njen pomen.<\/p><p>Menrva je del religije, katere religiolo\u0161ka privla\u010dnost je v tem, da posreduje med gr\u0161ko-sredozemskim in italsko-rimskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prena\u0161anje znanja in pripovedi skozi generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">izro\u010dilom<\/span>. Pomembne raziskovalne prispevke so podali Massimo Pallottino, Jacques Heurgon, Sybille Haynes, Mauro Cristofani in Giovanni Colonna, katerih delo je pokazalo, da je etru\u0161\u010danska religija samostojno izro\u010dilo.<\/p><p>Etru\u0161\u010danska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanstveni nauk o Bogu in veri neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologija<\/span> je imela jasno raz\u010dlenjen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota bogov neke religije ali kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> s trdnimi hierarhi\u010dnimi stopnjami in natan\u010dno razdeljenimi pristojnostmi; Menrva je bila v njem trdno ume\u0161\u010dena kot boginja modrosti, obrti in vojne. Medtem ko so starej\u0161e \u0161tudije ta sistem bogov rade prikazovale kot skrivnosten ali tuj, danes velja za samostojno razli\u010dico sredozemske religije.<\/p><p>V religijski zgodovini Italije so Etru\u0161\u010dani zasedali vlogo posrednikov med gr\u0161kimi vplivi in nastajajo\u010do rimsko religijo. Da je iz Menrve nastala rimska Minerva, je primer te posredni\u0161ke vloge, ki vzbuja posebno znanstveno zanimanje.<\/p><p>Religijsko-etnolo\u0161ka raziskava zadnjih desetletij obravnava etru\u0161\u010dansko religijo kot zaklju\u010deno, religijsko-fenomenolo\u0161ko samostojno strukturo. Starej\u0161e branje, ki jo je razumelo kot zgolj izpeljanko gr\u0161ke religije, je zamenjal precej bolj diferenciran pogled, ki koristi tudi razumevanju Menrve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ime in etimologija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ime Menrva je povezano z indoevropskim korenom *men- (&#8216;misliti, meniti, spominjati se&#8217;), kar se ujema z njeno vlogo boginje modrosti. Ta etimologija je izpri\u010dana tudi za rimsko Minervo; etru\u0161\u010danska Menrva in rimska Minerva sta jezikovno sorodni.<\/p><p>V etru\u0161\u010danskih napisih se pojavlja tudi kot Menerva ali Menarva. Natan\u010dna glasovna zgodovina je predmet raziskav. Helmut Rix je epigrafska pri\u010devanja zbral v svoji <em>Editio Minor<\/em>.<\/p><p>Etru\u0161\u010danskega jezika ni mogo\u010de uvrstiti v nobeno zanesljivo potrjeno jezikovno dru\u017eino; velja za izoliranega ali pa se hipoteti\u010dno uvr\u0161\u010da v tirzensko skupino, kamor naj bi spadala tudi lemnij\u0161\u010dina in retij\u0161\u010dina. De\u0161ifriranje besedil zaposluje raziskovalce od 19. stoletja naprej in do danes ni zaklju\u010deno.<\/p><p>Kot temeljno epigrafsko delo slu\u017ei Rixova Editio Minor, ki povzema etru\u0161\u010danski jezikovni korpus; v njej so dokumentirane tudi pisne razli\u010dice imena Menrva. Danes jo dopolnjujeta Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae in spletna zbirka podatkov ETP, Etruscan Texts Project.<\/p><p>Glede izvora Etru\u0161\u010danov je nesoglasje obstajalo \u017ee v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiki<\/span>: Herodot jih je izvajal iz Lidije, Dionizij Halikarna\u0161ki pa je v njih videl domorodno italsko ljudstvo. To vpra\u0161anje je religiozgodovinsko pomembno, saj se dotika morebitnih povezav etru\u0161\u010danske religije z maloazijskimi kulti.<\/p><p>Jezikoslovje in epigrafika danes tesno sodelujeta. Primerjalne raziskave, tudi teonimov, kot je Menrva, so bile bistveno olaj\u0161ane z digitalno izdajo etru\u0161\u010danskih besedil, projektom Etruscan Texts Project (ETP). Pomembne prispevke sta k temu dali Marie-Laurence Haack in Vincent Jolivet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis in ikonografija<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Menrva je v etru\u0161\u010danski umetnosti upodobljena kot oboro\u017eena boginja &#8211; s \u010delado, sulico, \u0161\u010ditom in v\u010dasih tudi z gorgonejonom na egidi. Ta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauk o vsebini podob in njihovem pomenu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografija<\/span> je prevzeta od gr\u0161ke Atene, vendar z lastnimi etru\u0161\u010danskimi poudarki.<\/p><p>Na etru\u0161\u010danskih zrcalih se Menrva pogosto pojavlja v mitolo\u0161kih prizorih, ve\u010dkrat s pripisom imena. Pomembna upodobitev jo prikazuje ob rojstvu iz Tinijeve glave &#8211; neposredna vzporednica z Atenino rojstvo iz Zevsove glave. Ta prizor je izpri\u010dan na ve\u010d zrcalih iz 4.\/3. stoletja pr. n. \u0161t.<\/p><p>Z religiofenomenolo\u0161kega vidika je likovna umetnost Etru\u0161\u010danov izjemno bogata in obenem tvori glavni vir na\u0161ega znanja, prav tako za pogoste upodobitve Menrve. Zrcala, vaze, grobne poslikave in bronasti predmeti zagotavljajo ve\u010dino gradiva. Larissa Bonfante je v svojih raziskavah poudarila, da gre pri tej podobni govorici za samostojno tradicijo, ne le za posnemanje.<\/p><p>Prvovrsten vir za religijo in eshatologijo Etru\u0161\u010danov so grobne poslikave, predvsem iz Tarquinie, Cerveterija in Vulcija. Njihove podobe prikazujejo pojedine, mitolo\u0161ke prizore ter ples in glasbo in oblikujejo podobo onostranstva, ki je zami\u0161ljeno kot nadaljevanje zemeljskega \u017eivljenja.<\/p><p>V etru\u0161\u010danski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauk o vsebini podob in njihovem pomenu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografiji<\/span> prevladujejo prizori z ve\u010d figurami, pripovedne povezave in simbolno zgo\u0161\u010dene izjave; tudi Menrva se redno pojavlja v tak\u0161nih slikovnih zvezah. Z raz\u010dlembo te podobne govorice se ukvarja etru\u0161\u010danska religijska ikonografija.<\/p><p>Za etru\u0161\u010dansko likovno umetnost je zna\u010dilno gosto pripovedno plastenje. \u017de samo eno zrcalo ali ena vaza lahko vsebuje ve\u010d mitolo\u0161kih navezav hkrati, na primer kadar se Menrva pojavi ob drugih postavah. Ta zgo\u0161\u010denost od raziskovanja zahteva natan\u010dno analizo slikovnega konteksta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitolo\u0161ka pripovedovanja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etru\u0161\u010danska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota izro\u010denih pripovedi o bogovih neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologija<\/span> Menrve ka\u017ee \u0161tevilne povezave z gr\u0161ko tradicijo Atene. Znana je pripoved o rojstvu Menrve iz glave Tinije &#8211; neposredna priredba gr\u0161kega <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span>. Na etru\u0161\u010danskih zrcalih je ta prizor izpri\u010dan s pripisom imena &#8216;Menrva&#8217;.<\/p><p>Druge pripovedi prikazujejo Menrvo kot pomo\u010dnico junakov, svetovalko in za\u0161\u010ditnico. V etru\u0161\u010danski priredbi trojanske vojne (na zrcalih in sarkofagih) se Menrva pogosto pojavlja ob strani gr\u0161kih junakov.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota izro\u010denih pripovedi o bogovih neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitologija<\/span> Etru\u0161\u010danov, druga\u010de kot gr\u0161ka ali rimska, ni izpri\u010dana v izoblikovanih pripovednih besedilih. Mite o Menrvi je treba razbrati iz slikovnih upodobitev, napisov in gr\u0161ko-rimskega posrednega izro\u010dila. Ta posredna viroslovna podlaga zahteva posebno metodolo\u0161ko previdnost.<\/p><p>Razmerje med etru\u0161\u010dansko in gr\u0161ko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota izro\u010denih pripovedi o bogovih neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologijo<\/span> je ve\u010dplastno. Etru\u0161\u010dani so po eni strani prevzeli \u0161tevilne gr\u0161ke snovi, na primer o Ahilu, Odiseju in Ojdipu, po drugi strani pa so jim dali lastne razlage in poudarke. Kako je ta prilastitev potekala v podrobnostih, na primer pri prevzemu Atenovih potez na Menrvo, raziskovanje intenzivno preu\u010duje.<\/p><p>Zna\u010dilna poteza etru\u0161\u010danske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanstveni nauk o Bogu in o veri neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologije<\/span> je svet bogov, consensus deorum. Vrhovni bog Tinia, iz \u010digar glave se po etru\u0161\u010danskem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prena\u0161anje znanja in pripovedi skozi generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">izro\u010dilu<\/span> rodi Menrva, ne ravna sam, temve\u010d se posvetuje z drugimi bogovi. Z religiofenomenolo\u0161kega vidika predstavlja ta zbor posebnost.<\/p><p>Etru\u0161\u010danska <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota izro\u010denih pripovedi o bogovih neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologija<\/span> ni zapustila zaklju\u010dene pripovedne tradicije; treba jo je sestaviti iz slikovnih prizorov, napisov in posrednih virov, kar zahteva skrbno razlago. Pri boginji, kot je Menrva, se pri tem posebej izka\u017ee postopek, ki povezuje etru\u0161\u010danski pripis imena, gr\u0161ki slikovni vzor in kontekstualno branje prizora.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Menrva kot boginja obrti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Menrva ni le boginja vojne, temve\u010d tudi boginja rokodelstva, tkalske umetnosti, zdravilstva in ustvarjalnih umetnosti. Ta ve\u010dplastna funkcija ustreza gr\u0161ki Ateni. Etru\u0161\u010danska tradicija pa \u0161e posebej poudarja rokodelsko in umetni\u0161ko plat.<\/p><p>Etru\u0161\u010danski rokodelci, zlasti bronarji in kiparji, so se sklicevali na Menrvo kot za\u0161\u010ditnico. Etru\u0161\u010danska bronasta umetnost velja v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiki<\/span> za izjemno, kar je versko utemeljevalo povezavo z Menrvo. Larissa Bonfante je to povezavo dokumentirala v delu <em>Etruscan Bronzes<\/em>.<\/p><p>Disciplina Etrusca, urejeno etru\u0161\u010dansko vede\u017eevalstvo, obsega tri veje: gledanje drobovja (haruspicina), razlaganje strel (fulguratio) in gledanje ptic (auspicia). Etru\u0161\u010dani so jo predali Rimljanom in ohranila se je v rabi do 4. stoletja n. \u0161t. Podrobne opise dolgujemo Ciceronu in Seneki.<\/p><p>Disciplina Etrusca se je posredovala v posebnih duhovni\u0161kih \u0161olah. K njenim pomembnim spisom so sodile Libri Rituales, Libri Haruspicini in Libri Fulgurales. Te knjige se niso ohranile, a jih je mogo\u010de delno rekonstruirati na podlagi navedkov rimskih avtorjev, kot so Ciceron, Fest in Makrobij.<\/p><p>Etru\u0161\u010dansko kultno \u017eivljenje je bilo mo\u010dno vezano na posamezno mesto. Vsako od velikih sredi\u0161\u010d, torej Tarquinia, Caere, Vulci, Veji, Clusium, Volsinii, Cortona, Perugia, Arezzo, Volterra, Populonia in Roselle, je imelo svoje glavne culte in verske posebnosti, zato je bilo tudi \u010da\u0161\u010denje Menrve krajevno razli\u010dno.<\/p><p>Kot zaklju\u010den verski in divinacijski sistem sodi Disciplina Etrusca med najbolj razvite vede\u017eevalske prakse <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span>. Rimljani so jo sistemati\u010dno prevzeli in se je ohranjala do pozne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span>. Ta kontinuiteta je zgodovinsko izjemna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult in obredi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Menrvo so \u010dastili v \u0161tevilnih etru\u0161\u010danskih mestnih templjih. Pomembna kultna mesta so bila Veji, Tarquinia, Volsinii in Kapitolski hrib v Rimu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tempelj<\/span> v Portonacciu pri Veji (6. stoletje pr. n. \u0161t.) je bil posve\u010den njej in je eno najbolje ohranjenih etru\u0161\u010danskih sveti\u0161\u010d.<\/p><p>Obredi so obsegali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izraz zahvale, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritve<\/span>, molitve in procesije. Rokodelci in vojaki so sodili med njene najpomembnej\u0161e \u010dastilce. Kvinkvatrijski praznik v Rimu (19.-23. marec), posve\u010den Minervi, verjetno izhaja iz etru\u0161\u010danskih predhodnikov.<\/p><p>Arhitekturno se etru\u0161\u010danski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">templji<\/span>, v katerih so \u010dastili tudi Menrvo, izstopajo s toskanskim slogom (tuscanus), lastnim stebrnim redom, ki ga opisuje Vitruvij v delu De Architectura. Njihovi tlorisi poudarjajo celo in \u0161iroko sprednjo dvorano ter se s tem opazno razlikujejo od gr\u0161kih vzorov.<\/p><p>Mnogi etru\u0161\u010danski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">templji<\/span> so bili zasnovani monumentalno. Jupitrov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> na rimskem Kapitolu je na primer zgradil etru\u0161\u010danski arhitekt in umetnik, predvsem Vulca iz Vejev. Ker je stavba gostila kapitolinsko trojico z Minervo, torej Menrvo, velja za arhitekturno pri\u010devanje etru\u0161\u010danske religioznosti v zgodnjem Rimu.<\/p><p>Zveza dvanajstih etru\u0161\u010danskih mest se je vsako leto zbirala pri Fanum Voltumnae blizu Volsiniov na hkrati verskem in politi\u010dnem zboru. Za\u0161\u010ditno bo\u017eanstvo te zveze je bila Voltumna, \u010digar verski pomen je segal onkraj posameznih mestnih kultov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0161\u010ditne tradicije in apotropejske prakse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Menrvo so v za\u0161\u010ditnih okoli\u0161\u010dinah klicali predvsem v zvezi z vojno, rokodelstvom in zdravljenjem. Vojaki so molili k njej pred bitko, rokodelci pred pomembnimi deli, zdravilci pred zdravljenjem. Gorgonejon na egidi je osrednji apotropejski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ki nadome\u0161\u010da dolo\u010deno predstavo ali pomen.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> Menrve.<\/p><p>Apotropejske podobe, povezane z Menrvo, najdemo na \u0161\u010ditih, na pro\u010deljih templjev in na osebnih amuletih. Larissa Bonfante je to podobje preu\u010dila v ve\u010d delih.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Etru\u0161\u010dansko za\u0161\u010ditno izro\u010dilo pozna \u0161tevilne odvra\u010dalne znake: falusne amulete, gorgonejonske podobe, o\u010di kot simbole, bule in dolo\u010dene formule. Gorgonejon se pojavlja tudi na Menrvinini egidi. Podobje teh za\u0161\u010ditnih simbolov je Larissa Bonfante obravnavala v svojem delu Etruscan Mirrors, ki je izhajalo od leta 1980 naprej.<\/span><\/p><p>Odvra\u010dalni simboli so bili v etru\u0161\u010danski kulturi zelo raz\u0161irjeni, na primer Tinijevo oko, falusni amuleti in gorgonejoni. Name\u0161\u010dali so jih na templje, grobove, hi\u0161ne sveti\u0161\u010dke in osebne predmete. Ta praksa se je nadaljevala tako v rimskem kot v \u0161ir\u0161em sredozemskem ljudskem verovanju.<\/p><p>V etru\u0161\u010danskem okolju je bilo za\u0161\u010ditno ravnanje tesno povezano z Disciplina Etrusca. Pred vsakim pomembnim podvigom, naj je \u0161lo za ustanovitev mesta, vojni pohod ali gradnjo hi\u0161e, so z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Razlaganje znamenj za spoznavanje skritega ali prihodnjega.\" tabindex=\"0\">vede\u017eevanjem<\/span> ugotavljali voljo bogov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzporednice v drugih kulturah<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Menrva funkcionalno ustreza gr\u0161ki Ateni in rimski Minervi. Povezava med Ateno in Menrvo je tesna tako ikonografsko kot mitolo\u0161ko &#8211; Etru\u0161\u010dani so prevzeli Atenin podobni tip in tudi \u0161tevilne mite o Ateni. Rimska tradicija Minerve se torej prek etru\u0161\u010danske posredovanja navezuje na gr\u0161ki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota verskih \u010da\u0161\u010denj bo\u017eanstva ali svete podobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Atene.<\/p><p>V religijski primerjavi lahko Menrvo pove\u017eemo z drugimi boginjami modrosti in obrti: Sarasvati (vedska), Brigid (keltska), Neith (egip\u010danska). Ta primerljivost ka\u017ee univerzalno versko konfiguracijo &#8216;misle\u010de boginje&#8217;.<\/p><p>Z interpretatio Romana so etru\u0161\u010danska bo\u017eanstva dobila rimska imena: Tinia je postal Iupiter, Uni Iuno in Menrva Minerva. Take ena\u010ditve so zajele ve\u010dinoma le izbrane poteze, ne pa celotne podobe. Raziskave zadnjih petdesetih let razkrivajo, katere etru\u0161\u010danske posebnosti Menrve so pri tem ostale ohranjene.<\/p><p>Etru\u0161\u010dansko religijo zaznamujejo \u0161tevilni stiki z anatolskim, feni\u010danskim in bli\u017enjevzhodnim izro\u010dilom. Feni\u010dansko izmenjavo posebej pri\u010dajo Pirgijske tablice. To sredozemsko povezovanje sodi med pomembna raziskovalna podro\u010dja zadnjih desetletij.<\/p><p>V religijsko primerjalnem pogledu spada etru\u0161\u010danski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota verskih \u010da\u0161\u010denj bo\u017eanstva ali svete podobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, vklju\u010dno s \u010da\u0161\u010denjem Menrve, v \u0161ir\u0161o sredozemsko versko dru\u017eino in je povezan z Gr\u010dijo, Fenicijo, Egiptom, Anatolijo in Lacijem. To povezovanje predstavlja pomembno raziskovalno podro\u010dje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sodobne raziskave<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Raziskave o Menrvi so v zadnjih 50 letih dosegle pomembne premike. Nove najdbe iz Vejija, Tarkvinije, Cerveterija in Volsinij so slika naredile bolj raz\u010dlenjeno. Pomembni raziskovalci in raziskovalke so Larissa Bonfante, Nancy Thomson de Grummond, Mauro Cristofani in Anna Marina Moretti Sgubini.<\/p><p>Raziskave intenzivno prou\u010dujejo razmerje med gr\u0161ko Ateno in etru\u0161\u010dansko Menrvo: kje gre za neposredne prevzeme, kje za samostojne etru\u0161\u010danske razvoje? To vpra\u0161anje je predmet aktualne razprave.<\/p><p>Z etru\u0161\u010dansko religijo in s tem tudi z boginjami, kot je Menrva, se danes ukvarja mednarodno povezana znanost. Med pomembnimi sredi\u0161\u010di so univerze v Firencah, Rimu (Sapienza), Pisi, T\u00fcbingenu in Princetonu. Vsako leto je ve\u010d mednarodnih konferenc namenjenih posameznim vidikom te tematike.<\/p><p>Mednarodni projekti o etru\u0161\u010danski religiji se danes poslu\u017eujejo digitalnih metod: tridimenzionalnih skenov templjev in grobov, podatkovnih baz za napise in slikovne vire ter analiz GIS o poselitveni strukturi. Take metode odpirajo nova spoznanja, tudi o Menrvinih kultnih krajih.<\/p><p>\u0160ir\u0161i javnosti se sodobne etru\u0161\u010danske raziskave predstavljajo prek razstav, na primer v Vatikanskem muzeju, v Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia in v Boston Museum of Fine Arts, pa tudi prek \u0161tevilnih publikacij.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Viri in stanje raziskav<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najpomembnej\u0161i viri za raziskovanje Menrve so etru\u0161\u010danski napisi, etru\u0161\u010danska zrcala z napisi, tempeljski kompleksi (Portonaccio, Veji) ter gr\u0161ko-rimski sekundarni viri. <em>Editio Minor<\/em> Helmuta Rixa je standardna izdaja besedil.<\/p><p>Poglobljena umestitev v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160656\">etru\u0161\u010dansko zgodovino religije<\/a> na splo\u0161no ka\u017ee, kako je treba Menrvo razumeti v razmerju s Tinio, Uni in drugimi Atua. Ta povezanost je znanstveno bistvena za razumevanje etru\u0161\u010danskega panteona.<\/p><p>Vira o etru\u0161\u010danski religiji so raznovrstna: epigrafska pri\u010devanja, zbrana v Rixovi Editio Minor, arheolo\u0161ke najdbe, slikovni viri in sekundarna literatura. Kdor \u017eeli ustrezno razumeti Menrvo, mora to raznolikost obravnavati z medpodro\u010dnim pristopom; novej\u0161e raziskave zato sistemati\u010dno povezujejo filologijo, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanost, ki preu\u010duje pretekle kulture na podlagi materialnih najdb.\" tabindex=\"0\">arheologijo<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanost, ki primerjalno in brez verske zavezanosti raziskuje religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">religiologijo<\/span> in antropologijo.<\/p><p>Ustrezna kritika virov zahteva poznavanje tako izvirnih etru\u0161\u010danskih pri\u010devanj kot gr\u0161ko-rimskega sekundarnega izro\u010dila. Ta dvojni pristop je zahteven, vendar nujen za trdno religiozgodovinsko rekonstrukcijo Menrve.<\/p><p>Temeljita zgodovinska umestitev Menrve predpostavlja pregled epigrafskih, arheolo\u0161kih in literarnih virov ter poznavanje pristopov sodobne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znanost, ki primerjalno in brez verske zavezanosti raziskuje religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">religiologije<\/span>. Ta raznovrstna obravnava velja v znanosti za standard.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2831c424 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2831c424\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp209d5a25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp209d5a25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Menrva na etru\u0161\u010danskih bronastih zrcalih: najpomembnej\u0161i slikovni vir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25a0aa3d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25a0aa3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f1bb64a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2f1bb64a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etru\u0161\u010danska boginja Menrva nam je izro\u010dena predvsem prek graviranih bronastih zrcal, ki so jih v velikem \u0161tevilu izdelovali med 5. in 2. stoletjem pred na\u0161im \u0161tetjem.<\/p><p>Ta zrcala, na hrbtni strani okra\u0161ena z mitolo\u0161kimi prizori, so najbogatej\u0161i slikovni vir za etru\u0161\u010dansko <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota izro\u010denih pripovedi o bogovih neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologijo<\/span> nasploh. Menrva se na njih pojavlja posebej pogosto, pogosto nedvoumno poimenovana z napisom, kar jo uvr\u0161\u010da med najbolje prepoznavne etru\u0161\u010danske bo\u017eanstva.<\/p><p>Na zrcalih je Menrva obi\u010dajno upodobljena kot oboro\u017eena boginja, s \u010delado, sulico in \u0161\u010ditom, v\u010dasih s ka\u010dami na obla\u010dilu ali z groze\u010dim obrazom Gorgone.<\/p><p>Ta bojevita <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda o slikovnih vsebinah in njihovem pomenu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografija<\/span> se v veliki meri ujema s podobo gr\u0161ke Atene, saj se je etru\u0161\u010danska umetnost tu o\u010ditno zgledovala po gr\u0161kih predlogah. Obenem se Menrva pojavlja v posebnih etru\u0161\u010danskih prizorih, ki v gr\u0161ki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota izro\u010denih pripovedi o bogovih neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiji<\/span> nimajo natan\u010dne vzporednice.<\/p><p>Zelo obravnavan primer je upodobitev na zrcalu, kjer Menrva iz posode dvigne otroka ali mu je v pomo\u010d; ta prizor povezujejo z etru\u0161\u010danskim Marisom in namiguje na predstave o rojstvu, vzgoji ali celo neki obliki ponovnega rojstva, ki presegajo funkcijo gr\u0161ke Atene.<\/p><p>Tak\u0161ne podobe ka\u017eejo, da Menrva ni bila zgolj etru\u0161\u010danska Atena, temve\u010d samostojno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bitje, \u010da\u0161\u010deno kot bo\u017eansko znotraj neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span> z delno druga\u010dnim spektrom funkcij, med katere so spadala tudi podro\u010dja zdravljenja, rasti in otro\u0161tva. Sorodne boginjske podobe poznajo tudi sosednje <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160656\">italske kulture<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23cfeee3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp23cfeee3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f04d6ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2f04d6ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Od etru\u0161\u010danske Menrve do rimske Minerve: proces prevzema<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp260f78a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp260f78a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2934c062 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2934c062\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ime Menrva in ime rimske boginje Minerva sta o\u010ditno sorodna, in jezikoslovne raziskave domnevajo, da je rimska Minerva svoje ime prevzela iz etru\u0161\u010dan\u0161\u010dine ali iz skupnega italskega okolja. S tem je Menrva eden redkih primerov, ko se etru\u0161\u010dansko bo\u017eje ime neposredno nadaljuje v rimski religiji.<\/p><p>Procesa prevzema pa je mogo\u010de rekonstruirati le v obrisih. Rim in etru\u0161\u010danska mesta so bila stoletja v tesnem stiku, ob\u010dasno je Rim sam spadal v etru\u0161\u010dansko obmo\u010dje vpliva. V tem obdobju se je prena\u0161alo veliko kulturnih in religijskih elementov, med njimi vidiki gradnje templjev, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Napovedovanje prihodnjih dogodkov z religijskimi ali magi\u010dnimi sredstvi.\" tabindex=\"0\">vede\u017eevanja<\/span> in prav tako imena bogov.<\/p><p>Minerva je v Rimu postala del kapitolinske trojice ob Jupitru in Junoni, torej je zasedla polo\u017eaj, ki bi lahko ustrezal etru\u0161\u010danski razporeditvi Tinie, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160694\">Uni<\/a> in Menrve.<\/p><p>Ravno pri tem pa je potrebna previdnost. \u010ceprav se videti prepri\u010dljivo, da si obe trojki natan\u010dno ustrezata, gre morda deloma za sklep od bolje znanega rimskega modela na etru\u0161\u010dansko stran. Zagotovo pa je, da je bila Menrva <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bitje, \u010da\u0161\u010deno kot bo\u017eansko znotraj neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span> prvega ranga in da je njeno ime na\u0161lo pot v rimsko religijo.<\/p><p>Kako natan\u010dno se je pri tem prenesla ali spremenila njena funkcija, ali je bila etru\u0161\u010danska Menrva s svojimi povezavami z obrtjo, zdravljenjem in otro\u0161tvom prevzeta enaka ali preoblikovana, iz virov ni mogo\u010de podrobno razjasniti.<\/p><p>Primer Menrve zgledno ka\u017ee, kako tesno sta bili prepleteni etru\u0161\u010danska in rimska religija, in obenem kako te\u017eko je natan\u010dno dolo\u010diti smer in vsebino tak\u0161nih prevzemov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d8bee14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d8bee14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24a35acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp24a35acd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Menrva na bronasti jetri iz Piacenze in v sistemu vede\u017eevanja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24f26b71 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24f26b71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22f28ce4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp22f28ce4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Tako kot druge pomembne etru\u0161\u010danske bogove je tudi Menrvo mogo\u010de najti na bronasti jetri iz Piacenze, tistem leta 1877 najdenem bronastem modelu jeter iz 2. ali 1. stoletja pred na\u0161im \u0161tetjem, ki je verjetno slu\u017eil kot u\u010dni pripomo\u010dek za gledalce drobovja. Povr\u0161ina je razdeljena na \u0161tevilna polja z vgraviranimi imeni bogov, in Menrva ima med njimi trdno mesto.<\/span><\/p><p>Da se Menrva pojavlja na jetrih, je ve\u010d kot le naklju\u010dna podrobnost. To ka\u017ee, da je bila vklju\u010dena v visoko formaliziran sistem etru\u0161\u010danske vede\u017eevalske vede, <em>disciplina etrusca<\/em>. \u0160estnajst polj na robu jeter razlagajo kot ustreznico razdelitvi neba na \u0161estnajst regij, vsaka pripisana dolo\u010denemu bo\u017eanstvu.<\/p><p>Iz lege posebnosti na pregledani \u017eivalski jetri je specialist sklepal na voljo pristojnega <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bitje, \u010da\u0161\u010deno kot bo\u017eansko znotraj neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstva<\/span>. Menrva torej ni bila le predmet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span>, umetnosti zrcal in tempeljskega \u010da\u0161\u010denja, temve\u010d tudi veli\u010dina, s katero je prakti\u010dno ra\u010dunalo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Napovedovanje prihodnjih dogodkov z religijskimi ali magi\u010dnimi sredstvi.\" tabindex=\"0\">vede\u017eevanje<\/span>.<\/p><p>Natan\u010dno delovanje pa ostaja nejasno, ker se noben popoln etru\u0161\u010danski u\u010dni besedilo o gledanju jeter ni ohranilo. Vemo, da je imela Menrva mesto v sistemu, vendar ne podrobno, kak\u0161en pomen je nosilo njeno polje ali v kak\u0161nem razmerju je bilo do polj sosednjih bo\u017eanstev.<\/p><p>Bronasta jetra ostaja fascinanten, a le deloma berljiv dokument. Za umestitev Menrve pa je vseeno pomembna: dokazuje, da je bila boginja navzo\u010da v vseh treh velikih podro\u010djih etru\u0161\u010danske religije, v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitu<\/span> zrcal, v javnem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota religijskih \u010da\u0161\u010devalnih dejanj za neko bo\u017eanstvo ali sveto podobo.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> in v u\u010deni vede\u017eevalski disciplini, ki je Etru\u0161\u010danom v anti\u010dnem svetu prinesla posebno slavo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (izbor)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em> (2006)<\/li><li>Jean-Rene Jannot: <em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Massimo Pallottino: <em>Die Etrusker<\/em> (1942)<\/li><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Bronzes<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Ve\u010d temeljnih del najdete v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160475\">seznamu literature<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Sorodni klju\u010dni pojmi: Menrva, Etru\u0161\u010dani, boginja, modrost, vojna, obrt, Portonaccio, Veji, Atena.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-menrva\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard in tradicije za\u0161\u010dite<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se navezuje na kulturnozgodovinsko tradicijo nosljivih za\u0161\u010ditnih predmetov, v tradiciji <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160656\">Etru\u0161\u010danov<\/a> in mnogih drugih kultur po svetu. 41 plasti, pravo zlato, platina, srebro, izdelano v Nem\u010diji. 30-dnevna pravica do vra\u010dila.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Ve\u010d o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Ve\u010d o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osebne izku\u0161nje se lahko razlikujejo. Ni medicinski pripomo\u010dek. Brez obljube o ozdravitvi.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-menrva-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-menrva-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>ni medicinski pripomo\u010dek<\/strong> in ne nadome\u0161\u010da zdravni\u0161ke ali psihoterapevtske obravnave. Religiologske vsebine so kulturnozgodovinska umestitev, ne priporo\u010dilo za duhovno prakso.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2817,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Menrva Etru\u0161\u010dani","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Menrva - Etru\u0161\u010danska boginja, mit in kult","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Menrva je etru\u0161\u010danska boginja modrosti, obrti in vojne. Religiolo\u0161ka umestitev z mitom, kultom in viri.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"etruskisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-160695","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Menrva - Etru\u0161\u010danska boginja, mit in kult<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Menrva je etru\u0161\u010danska boginja modrosti, obrti in vojne. 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