{"id":160501,"date":"2026-09-05T00:21:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=160501"},"modified":"2026-09-05T00:38:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:38:51","slug":"proserpina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/proserpina\/","title":{"rendered":"Proserpina"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"160501\" class=\"elementor elementor-160501 elementor-1979 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, boginja rimske tradicije<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je boginja podzemlja in ponovnega rojstva v rimski tradiciji. Je \u017eena Plutona in vladarica kraljestva mrtvih, vendar jo njena letna vrnitev na zgornji svet vseskozi ve\u017ee na cikle narave. Z religiovedskega vidika je Proserpina poosebitev prehoda med \u017eivljenjem in smrtjo, med zgoraj in spodaj.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bog\/boginja: Poosebljena najvi\u0161ja mo\u010d v panteonu neke kulture, z jasnimi pristojnostmi, naravne sile, usoda, vojna, rodovitnost. \u010ca\u0161\u010dena s kulti, daritvami in templjanskimi institucijami.\">Boginja<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160339\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Rimska religija od kraljevine do pozne antike, sinkretisti\u010dna z gr\u0161kimi in etru\u0161\u010danskimi plastmi.\">Rim<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160453\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bo\u017eanstva podzemlja in smrti, vladarji onostranstva, sodniki mrtvih, spremljevalci du\u0161.\">Bo\u017eanstvo mrtvih<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tej strani ni najdenih naslovov.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tKazalo vsebine\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-162708\" alt=\"Proserpina \u2013 bogovi iz rimskega izro\u010dila, zgodovinsko-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina zdru\u017euje dvojnost devi\u0161tva in zakonskega stanu, nedol\u017enosti in kraljevske avtoritete. Je h\u010di Cerere (\u017eito), \u017eena Plutona in vladarica mrtvih.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit<\/span> o njeni ugrabitvi po Plutonu razlaga sezonske spremembe rastlinstva in strukturo leta. Njeni osrednji vidiki so rodovitnost, zorenje, prehod in odobritev novega \u017eivljenja iz kraljestva mrtvih. Eleuzinske skrivnosti so slavile njeno vlogo v kozmi\u010dni obnovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kratek profil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Viri: Ovidijeve Metamorfoze 5, Vergilove Georgike, Ciceron De Natura Deorum, Apulejeve Metamorfoze, hvalnice Proserpini, latinski napisi in nagrobni epitafi. Sekundarna literatura: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte, Walter Burkert (o zlitju s Perzefono), Hubert Cancik. \u010ca\u0161\u010denje Proserpine je bilo mo\u010dno v eleuzinskih kultih, a raz\u0161irjeno tudi v zasebnih hi\u0161ah Italije, Galije in Afrike.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je ostala navzo\u010da tudi po koncu anti\u010dnega kulta. Ovidijev opis ugrabitve v Metamorfozah in poznoanti\u010dni ep Klavdijana De raptu Proserpinae sta snov ohranjala \u017eivo, slikarji in kiparji od renesanse do Berninija in Rossettija so se je lotevali. Goethe je o njej napisal monodramo. Jedro mita, leto razdeljeno med zgornji in podzemni svet, je \u0161e danes najbolj znana anti\u010dna razlaga letnih \u010dasov.<\/p><h3>Mitolo\u0161ka uvrstitev<\/h3><p>Proserpina je rimska boginja pomladi in podzemlja, h\u010di Cerere. Njen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>, ugrabitev po Plutonu, vrnitev, je osrednji za razumevanje letnih \u010dasov. Ni nemo\u010dna, temve\u010d vladarica podzemlja ob Plutonu. Je ambivalentna figura preobrazbe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bila splo\u0161no znana in \u010da\u0161\u010dena ali s spo\u0161tovanjem prestra\u0161ena po vsem rimskem svetu, brez omejitve na dolo\u010dene regije ali lokacije. Naj je bilo v velikih urbanih sredi\u0161\u010dih ali na obrobnem pode\u017eelju, med dru\u017ebeno elito ali preprostim ljudstvom, duhovni ali kulturni pomen tega bitja je bil dosledno priznan in splo\u0161en.<\/p><p>Sprejem Proserpine v Rim je bila dr\u017eavna odlo\u010ditev: na ukaz Sibilinih knjig je bil njen kult skupaj s kultom Dis Patra vzpostavljen leta 249 pr. n. \u0161t., da bi odvrnili nesre\u010do od skupnosti. Njen gr\u0161ki predhodnik Perzefona je v Rim pri\u0161la preko kolonij Ju\u017ene Italije in Sicilije; sveti\u0161\u010de v Lokrih in sicilijanska kultna mesta ka\u017eejo, kako sta trgovina in kolonizacija raz\u0161irili in poenotili \u010da\u0161\u010denje po Sredozemlju.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Primarni viri: Ovid, Metamorfoze 5 (ugrabitev Proserpine), Vergil, Georgike in Eneida, Homerjev Hvalnica Demetri (gr\u0161ki pandan), Ciceron De Natura Deorum, Senekove tragedije.<\/p><p>\u010casovni okvir: 5. stoletje pr. n. \u0161t. do 6. stoletje n. \u0161t. Raziskovalci: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (Rimska verska zgodovina), Walter Burkert (Gr\u0161ka religija), Manfred Clauss (Kulti). Arheolo\u0161ki dokazi: eleuzinska sveti\u0161\u010da, nagrobni spomeniki iz rimskega obdobja, defiksije z imenom Proserpine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Poimenovanje in zapisi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je v razli\u010dnih virih in umetni\u0161kih tradicijah upodobljena z dolo\u010denimi ponavljajo\u010dimi se ikonografskimi elementi, ki ostajajo skozi desetletja in razli\u010dne geografske prostore razmeroma stalni. Ti elementi so globoko simbolno kodirani in nosijo velik pomen; kot \u010dista dekoracija ali naklju\u010dna izbira jih ni mogo\u010de razlo\u017eiti.<\/p><p>Na upodobitvah Proserpine je razvidna njena dvojna narava. Klasje, cvetje in granatno jabolko namigujejo na rodovitnost in vegetacijo, obenem pa na sad, katerega u\u017eitek jo je vezal na podzemlje. Bakla spada k iskanju njene matere Cerere, tron ob strani Plutona pa jo prikazuje kot kraljico kraljestva mrtvih. Kdor je poznal mit, je v vsakem od teh znamenj prepoznal postajo njene zgodbe: ugrabitev, iskanje, granatno jabolko, razdeljeno leto. Atributi pripovedujejo mit o letnih \u010dasih v strnjeni obliki.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bila osrednja v religiozni praksi, vsakdanjih obredih in vsakodnevnem razumevanju Rimljanov. Ljudje so se na to entiteto obra\u010dali v kriti\u010dnih ali posebnih \u017eivljenjskih situacijah ali ob dolo\u010denih obrednih letnih \u010dasih, s strukturiranimi, pogosto zapletenimi obredi, molitvami ali daritvami.<\/p><p>Kult Proserpine je bil v Rimu strogo urejen. Leta 249 pr. n. \u0161t. je bilo njeno \u010da\u0161\u010denje skupaj z Dis Patrom uradno uvedeno, daritve na podzemnem oltarju Tarentuma na Marsovem polju pa so potekale po natan\u010dnih obrednih pravilih. V gr\u0161ko obarvanih misterijih, vezanih na njen vzor Perzefono, so posve\u010dene obrede vodili posebej postavljeni kultni uradniki; udele\u017eba in potek so podlegali strogim pravilom.<\/p><p>Obredi za Proserpino so skozi stoletja opravljali konkretne naloge. Kot vegetacijska boginja je bila skupaj s Ceres priklicana za uspe\u0161nost setve, torej za osnovo prehrane skupnosti. Kot vladarica podzemlja je sprejemala darove, ki naj bi umrlim zagotovili milostljiv sprejem. Njen mit o letnem vzhajanju in zahajanju je poleg tega ponazarjal menjavo letnih \u010dasov in dal prehodu med \u017eivljenjem in smrtjo prepoznavno obliko.<\/p><h3>Videz in simbolika<\/h3><p>Proserpina je upodobljena v prehodnih fazah, v\u010dasih mlada in pomladna, v\u010dasih tema\u010dna. Nosi krono in pogosto dr\u017ei klju\u010de. Granatno jabolko je njen atribut (seme vrnitve). Sem spadajo tudi je\u010dmenova klasja in cvetje. Njena ambivalenca je njena mo\u010d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kratek opis: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kratek opis pojasnjuje naravo Proserpine skozi \u0161est razse\u017enosti: njen mitski izvor in raz\u0161irjenost, oblike njenega \u010da\u0161\u010denja v religiji in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prakse, ki s posebnimi dejanji ali formulami \u017eelijo posegati v potek stvari.\" tabindex=\"0\">magiji<\/span>, njeno zna\u010dilno upodobitev v umetnosti in simbolih, pomen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prose\u010dno ali rotilno nagovarjanje bo\u017eanstva ali sile.\" tabindex=\"0\">priklica<\/span> in spo\u0161tovanja, sorodne figure v sosednjih kulturah ter zaklju\u010dni pregled njene kozmi\u010dne funkcije kot boginje prehoda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izvor Proserpine<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je rimska oblika gr\u0161ke Perzefone in izvira iz indoevropskih mitov o boginjah rodovitnosti. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripovedovanje o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit<\/span> o ugrabitvi (latinsko: raptus) je bil sprva razlaga za sezonske vegetacijske cikle. V Rimu so Proserpino \u010dastili kot \u017eeno Plutona, samostojno in mogo\u010dno.<\/p><p>Najzgodnej\u0161i viri segajo v 5. stoletje pr. n. \u0161t., okrepili pa so se pod gr\u0161kim vplivom (2.\u20131. stoletje pr. n. \u0161t.). Elevzinski misteriji so jo raz\u0161irili po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">anti\u010dnem<\/span> svetu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ciljna skupina Proserpine<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpino so priklicali kmetje ob setvi in \u017eetvi, nose\u010dnice (kot porok novega \u017eivljenja) in \u017ealujo\u010di (za pomiritev mrtvih).<\/p><p>Elevzinski misteriji so bili strogo skrivni, vendar so udele\u017eenci poro\u010dali o Proserpininih vlogi kot nosilki upanja po smrti. V zasebnih hi\u0161ah so k njej molili za rodovitnost in za\u0161\u010dito otrok. Anthesteria (praznik cvetja) je bil letni praznik v njeno \u010dast.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podoba<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bila upodobljena kot mlada \u017eenska ali zrela kraljica, odvisno od faze <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripovedovanje o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span>: mlada ob ugrabitvi, zrela in okronana kot vladarica podzemlja.<\/p><p>Njeni atributi so glavica maka (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ki nadome\u0161\u010da predstavo ali pomen.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> spanja in smrti), rog izobilja, \u017eezlo in plamenica (sveti v temi podzemlja). Na kovancih sedi ob Plutonu ali nosi krono. Na nagrobnikih simbolizira prehod in upanje na nadaljnje \u017eivljenje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Delovanje<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Podro\u010dje delovanja:<\/strong> Proserpina (tudi Perzefona, gr\u0161ko) je rimska boginja podzemlja, h\u010di Ceres (Demetre) in \u017eena Plutona (Hada).<\/p><p>Simbolizira prehod med letnimi \u010dasi, med \u017eivljenjem in smrtjo. Njena ugrabitev v podzemlje in letna vrnitev k materi razlagata menjavo poletja in zime. Ni nemo\u010dna ali pasivna, v mnogih besedilih je vladarica podzemlja, \u017eena z lastnim kraljestvom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0161\u010ditna sredstva<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bila dele\u017ena <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prose\u010dno ali rotilno nagovarjanje bo\u017eanstva ali sile.\" tabindex=\"0\">priklica<\/span> in za\u0161\u010ditnega \u010da\u0161\u010denja, kot posrednica med \u017eivljenjem in smrtjo, ne kot boginja \u0161kode. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje zahvale, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daritve<\/span> so bile mak, med, sadje in \u010drne \u017eivali.<\/p><p>Ob smrtnih primerih so k njej molili, da bi umrle sprejela pod svojo oblast in jim dala mir. Nose\u010dnice so nosile amulete z njeno podobo. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prakse, ki s posebnimi dejanji ali formulami \u017eelijo posegati v potek stvari.\" tabindex=\"0\">Magija<\/span> je pogosto vklju\u010devala njeno ime za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jezikovni obred, ki naj bi priklical ali zavezal silo.\" tabindex=\"0\">rotitev<\/span> ali za\u0161\u010dito pred zlimi duhovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Primerljivo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perzefona (gr\u0161ko) je neposreden vzor in ostaja strukturno enaka. Inana\/I\u0161tar v mezopotamskem prostoru se ji podobno ka\u017ee v potovanju v podzemlje, vendar ne v vezanosti na letne \u010dase. V egip\u010danskem prostoru ka\u017ee Oziris (mo\u0161ki) podobne funkcije kot sodnik mrtvih in figura upanja. Hel v germanski tradiciji je manj ambivalentna vladarica podzemlja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, vzporednice v drugih kulturah<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je rimska priredba gr\u0161ke Perzefone; njen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> je bil povezan z rimskim setvenim koledarjem in eleuzinskimi misteriji. Medtem ko Perzefona v mitu \u0161tirih letnih \u010dasov ostaja osrednja \u017ealujo\u010da figura, Proserpina v rimski praksi prevzame \u0161e dodatne varovalne naloge za zakon in gospodinjstvo.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Judovsko izro\u010dilo:<\/strong> V judovski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota izro\u010denih pripovedi o bogovih neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiji<\/span> ni boginje podzemlja. \u0160eol je pasivno kraljestvo mrtvih brez poosebljene vladarice. \u0160ele v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Smer judovske mistike z osrednjimi deli, kot sta Sefer Jecira in Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabali<\/span> in apokaliptiki se omenjajo angelom podobna bitja, vendar nobenih vzporednic s Proserpino.<\/p><p><strong>Gr\u0161ko-rimski svet:<\/strong> Perzefona je gr\u0161ki izvirnik Proserpine. V skupnih kultih (zlasti po 3. stoletju pr. n. \u0161t.) sta se imeni in funkciji zlili, a strukturno ostali enaki. Dodana so bile druge podzemeljske boginje (Hekata), ne da bi izpodrinile Perzefono.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopotamija:<\/strong> Inana\/I\u0161tar odpotuje v podzemlje in je tam za kratek \u010das ujeta, nato pa se vrne, strukturno podobno Proserpininemu letnemu ciklu, vendar bolj dramati\u010dno in manj regenerativno.<\/p><p><strong>Indija\/Azija:<\/strong> V hinduizmu Kali utele\u0161uje uni\u010denje in obnovo, vendar ne deli Proserpinine konkretne vloge soproge boga smrti. V zgodnjem budizmu tak\u0161na figura manjka; podzemlje je manj poosebljeno.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96567ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp96567ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39824e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp39824e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ugrabitev Proserpine v podrobnostih<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp625c136 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp625c136\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp57771b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp57771b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osrednja pripoved o Proserpini je njena ugrabitev, ki jo zagre\u0161i Pluton, vladar podzemlja. Ovidij jo podrobno opisuje v petih knjigah <em>Metamorfoz<\/em>, drugo, druga\u010dno razli\u010dico pa poda v <em>Fastih<\/em>. Po Ovidijevi upodobitvi Proserpina s svojimi spremljevalkami nabira cvetje v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sveti gozdi\u010dek, ki je slu\u017eil kot kraj \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">gaju<\/span> blizu sicilijanskega jezera Pergus pri Heni.<\/p><p>Pluton, ki ga zadene Amorjeva pu\u0161\u010dica, jo zagleda, jo zgrabi in z njo v vozu odpelje v globino. Tla se odprejo pri jezeru Ciane, \u010digar nimfa se zaman upira.<\/p><p>Cerera, njena mati, i\u0161\u010de svojo h\u010der po vsej zemlji. V svoji jezi po Ovidiju naredi Sicilijo neplodno. \u0160ele nimfa Aretuza ji poro\u010da, da je videla Proserpino kot kraljico podzemlja. Cerera se obrne na Jupitra.<\/p><p>Vrnitev pa spodleti zaradi pogoja Park: kdor je v podzemlju zau\u017eil hrano, se ne more vrniti. Proserpina je pojedla sedem semen granatnega jabolka, kar je opazoval Askalaf, ki ga zato spremeni v \u010duka.<\/p><p>Jupiter posreduje kompromis. Proserpina pre\u017eivi del leta v zgornjem svetu pri materi, del pa v podzemlju pri Plutonu. Ovidij v <em>Fastih<\/em> navaja enakomerno delitev, v <em>Metamorfozah<\/em> pa razmerje dve proti ena v prid zgornjemu svetu.<\/p><p>To nihanje \u017ee v anti\u010dnih virih samih ka\u017ee, da pripoved ni imela ustaljene kanonske oblike. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mit<\/span> se tesno povezuje z gr\u0161ko snovjo o Demetri in Perzefoni, katere najbolj iz\u010drpno razli\u010dico ponuja homerski <em>Himen Demetri<\/em>. Rimska literatura je snov v veliki meri prevzela, vendar je dogajanje raje prestavila na Sicilijo, ki je veljala za kultno sredi\u0161\u010de Cerere.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c9ee0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c9ee0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4f63d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4f63d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina in mit letnih \u010dasov<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39c0a19 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp39c0a19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45c5234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp45c5234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pripoved o razdeljenem bivanju Proserpine je bila \u017ee v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiki<\/span> razumljena kot razlaga menjave letnih \u010dasov. Bivanje v podzemlju ustreza \u010dasu brez vegetacije, vrnitev k materi pa rasti.<\/p><p>Ta razlaga je zasnovana \u017ee v anti\u010dnih besedilih, na primer ko Ovidij povezuje \u017ealost Cerere z neplodnostjo zemlje. Religiologovedna raziskava 19. in za\u010detka 20. stoletja, zlasti v krogu Jamesa Frazerja in tako imenovanih Cambridge Ritualists, je iz tega zgradila celovito teorijo umirajo\u010dih in vra\u010dajo\u010dih se vegetacijskih bo\u017eanstev.<\/p><p>Novej\u0161a raziskava je do te razlage bolj zadr\u017eana. Opozarja, da je Proserpina ugrabljena in vlada, namesto da bi umrla, in da se sredozemski podnebni cikel s suhim poletjem in vla\u017eno zimo ne prilega povsem tej shemi.<\/p><p>Nekateri raziskovalci <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> raje berejo kot pripoved o iniciaciji in poroki: Proserpina opravi prehod iz dekleta v \u017eensko, iz materine hi\u0161e v hi\u0161o mo\u017ea. Granatno jabolko, ki je pogosto povezano s plodnostjo in zakonom, podpira to razlago.<\/p><p>Obe razlagi se ne izklju\u010dujeta. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anti\u010dni<\/span> kulti so lahko isti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010deno pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> razumeli na ve\u010d ravneh. Za \u010da\u0161\u010denje Cerere in Proserpine v Rimu je bil vsekakor osrednji kmetijski pomen, kar ka\u017ee praznik <em>Cerialia<\/em> aprila.<\/p><p>Poleg tega se je razvila bolj osebna, na onostranstvo usmerjena <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u017diveta verska dr\u017ea in praksa posameznika.\" tabindex=\"0\">pobo\u017enost<\/span>, ki je imela svoj prostor v mistrijskih kultih in je bila usmerjena k osebnemu upanju onkraj smrti. Kako tesno so bile te linije prepletene v rimskem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota verskih \u010da\u0161\u010devalnih dejanj za neko bo\u017eanstvo ali sveto osebo.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>, je iz pomanjkljivih virov mogo\u010de rekonstruirati le delno.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa45d7ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa45d7ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d5ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26d5ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult in skrivnosti Cerere in Proserpine v Rimu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09178ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp09178ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp875fb57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp875fb57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V Rimu Proserpina redko ni bila edini predmet kulta. Najpogosteje se pojavlja skupaj s Ceres. Najpomembnej\u0161i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zgradba, namenjena \u010da\u0161\u010denju enega ali ve\u010d bo\u017eanstev.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempelj<\/span> obeh boginj je stal na Aventinu, po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prena\u0161anje znanja in pripovedi skozi generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">izro\u010dilu<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Z religiozno dejavnostjo predano svetemu in s tem izlo\u010deno iz vsakdanjega.\" tabindex=\"0\">posve\u010den<\/span> v zgodnjem petem stoletju pred na\u0161im \u0161tetjem, skupaj z Liberom.<\/p><p>Ta aventinski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota religioznih \u010da\u0161\u010denj neke bo\u017eanstva ali svete podobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je veljal za plebejski nasprotni pol patricijski trojici na Kapitolu in je imel zato tudi socialno in politi\u010dno razse\u017enost.<\/p><p>Posebno obliko so imeli <em>sacra Cereris<\/em>, gr\u0161ko obarvan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota religioznih \u010da\u0161\u010denj neke bo\u017eanstva ali svete podobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, ki so ga po Ciceronu vodile gr\u0161ke duhovnice iz ju\u017ene Italije in je bil dostopen izklju\u010dno \u017eenskam. Ta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Urejeno zaporedje simboli\u010dnih dejanj z religioznim ali kulturnim pomenom.\" tabindex=\"0\">obred<\/span> je bil povezan z elevzinskimi predstavami, vendar jih je prenesel na rimska tla.<\/p><p>Poleg tega so v republikanskem Rimu v kriznih \u010dasih izvajali \u017ealni obred za Ceres in Proserpino, ki so ga po Liviju v hudih javnih stiskah lahko prekinili, ker je \u017ealovanje v takih trenutkih veljalo za neprimerno.<\/p><p>Iz cesarske dobe je izpri\u010dan tudi no\u010dni praznik, v neenakomernih presledkih obhajana <em>saecularna slovesnost<\/em>, pri kateri so med drugim pomembno vlogo igrale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izraz hvale\u017enosti, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritve<\/span> Proserpini kot boginji podzemlja. Viri o podrobnostih teh obredov so omejeni, saj skrivnostni kulti svojih vsebin zavestno niso zapisovali.<\/p><p>Kar vemo, izhaja predvsem iz namigov pri Ciceronu, iz kr\u0161\u010danske polemike ter iz napisnih in arheolo\u0161kih pri\u010devanj. Natan\u010dna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Utrjeni red bogoslu\u017eja neke verske skupnosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgija<\/span> ostaja v veliki meri neznana. Primerljive strukture najdemo pri gr\u0161ki <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160494\">Perzefoni<\/a>, katere elevzinski <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota religioznih \u010da\u0161\u010denj neke bo\u017eanstva ali svete podobe.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je nekoliko bolje dokumentiran.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f2b3a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3f2b3a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b5008f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b5008f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina v likovni umetnosti in na sarkofagih<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9688396 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9688396\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c2e52e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c2e52e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ugrabitev Proserpine sodi med najpogosteje upodobljene mite rimske umetnosti. Posebej raz\u0161irjen je ta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ponavljajo\u010d se vsebinski element v umetnosti ali pripovedi.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> na sarkofagih iz srednje in pozne cesarske dobe. Prizor tipi\u010dno prikazuje Plutona, ki Proserpino potegne na svoj z konji vle\u010deni voz, ob spremstvu Minerve, Diane in odporne Ciane.<\/p><p>Izbira prav tega motiva za grobni kontekst je zgovorna: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> o neprostovoljnem prehodu v podzemlje in delnem vrnitvi je ponujal podobo za smrt, ki je poleg izgube izra\u017eala tudi upanje.<\/p><p>Poleg tega obstajajo stenske poslikave, na primer iz Pompejev, in mozaiki, ki prikazujejo ugrabitev ali Proserpino na prestolu kot vladarico podzemlja. Kot kraljica podzemlja pogosto nosi diadem ali polos, v\u010dasih klasje ali granatno jabolko kot atribut.<\/p><p>V svoji vlogi vladarke sedi ob Plutonu na prestolu, pogosto s tridglavim psom Kerberom pri nogah.<\/p><p>Sprejemanje se nadaljuje dale\u010d \u010dez <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiko<\/span>. Najbolj znana novove\u0161ka obdelava je mramorna skupina <em>Ratto di Proserpina<\/em> Gianlorenza Berninija iz let okrog 1621 do 1622, ki z veliko gibljivostjo ujame trenutek zagrabitve.<\/p><p>V slikarstvu so temo obravnavali med drugim Rembrandt in pozneje prerafaeliti, na primer Dante Gabriel Rossetti s svojim delom <em>Proserpine<\/em>. Tudi v glasbi je snov na\u0161la uporabo, na primer v baro\u010dnih operah. Arheolo\u0161ka in umetnostnozgodovinska pri\u010devanja skupaj naredijo Proserpino eno od slikovno najbolje dokumentiranih podob rimskega <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mita<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d56957 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1d56957\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp521bb21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp521bb21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etimologija in razmerje do Perzefone<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp47a25ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp47a25ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88c9301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp88c9301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Izvor imena Proserpina jezikoslovno ni docela pojasnjen. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobje gr\u0161ke in rimske kulture, pribli\u017eno od 800 pr. n. \u0161t. do 600 n. \u0161t.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anti\u010dna<\/span> ljudska etimologija ga je povezovala z latinskim glagolom <em>proserpere<\/em>, plaziti se navzgor, in ga razlagala kot poganjanje setve. Ta razlaga se pojavlja pri Ciceronu in Varonu. Sodobno jezikoslovje jo ima za sekundarno razlago.<\/p><p>Verjetneje je, da je <em>Proserpina<\/em> glasovna preoblika gr\u0161kega imena <em>Perzefona<\/em>, morda posredovana prek etru\u0161\u010danske vmesne stopnje. Na etru\u0161\u010danskih zrcalih se ta lik pojavlja pod imenom <em>Phersipnai<\/em> ali podobnimi oblikami, kar posredovanje prek etru\u0161\u010dan\u0161\u010dine dela verjetno.<\/p><p>Tudi gr\u0161ko ime <em>Perzefona<\/em> velja za nejasno in izvira verjetno iz predgr\u0161kega \u010dasa. \u017de Grki so poznali \u0161tevilne stranske oblike, kot sta <em>Persephatta<\/em> ali <em>Pherrephatta<\/em>, kar ka\u017ee na staro, te\u017eko razlo\u017eljivo ime. \u0160tevilne razli\u010dice ka\u017eejo, da lik v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prena\u0161anje znanja in pripovedi skozi generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">izro\u010dilu<\/span> jezikovno ni bil nikoli dokon\u010dno utrjen.<\/p><p>V rimski religiji je bila Proserpina zgodaj zlita z doma\u010do predstavo o podzemlju, poleg tega pa tudi ena\u010dena z italsko boginjo Libero, \u017eensko ustreznico Liberja. Ta identifikacija ni dosledna in ka\u017ee, kako so se v tem liku stekale razli\u010dne izro\u010dilske smeri.<\/p><p>Za znanstveno obravnavo je Proserpina zato dober primer, kako je bil gr\u0161ki <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> prek posredni\u0161kih kultur vklju\u010den v rimski sistem in pri tem povezan z obstoje\u010dimi doma\u010dimi prvinami. Popolna lo\u010ditev rimskega lika od gr\u0161kega v ohranjenih virih skoraj ni mogo\u010da.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa0b2c61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa0b2c61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1225fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1225fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina kot vladarica podzemlja in v praksi prekletstev<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d58d11 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3d58d11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a4fb59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9a4fb59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poleg svoje vloge v mitu o letnih \u010dasih je imela Proserpina samostojno funkcijo vladarice kraljestva mrtvih.<\/p><p>V tej vlogi se pojavlja v vrsti virov, ki je za rimsko vsakdanje \u017eivljenje \u0161e posebej razsvetljujo\u010da: v prekletstvenih tablicah, latinsko <em>defixiones<\/em>. Ti besedila, ve\u010dinoma vrezana v svin\u010dene plo\u0161\u010dice, so polagali v grobove, vodnjake ali izvire in v njih klicali podzemeljske mo\u010di, da bi \u0161kodovali nasprotniku, vplivali na sodni postopek ali dobili nazaj ukradeno blago.<\/p><p>Na \u0161tevilnih ohranjenih tablicah se Proserpina kli\u010de skupaj s Plutonom ali Dis Patrom. Tam se pojavlja pod razli\u010dnimi vzdevki, v\u010dasih tudi zlita z drugimi podzemeljskimi liki.<\/p><p>Jezik teh besedil je formulai\u010den in sledi prepoznavnim vzorcem, kar ka\u017ee na to, da so obstajali vzorci ali specializirani pisci. Za raziskovanje so <em>defixiones<\/em> dragocene, ker dokumentirajo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u017diveta verska dr\u017ea in praksa posameznika.\" tabindex=\"0\">pobo\u017enost<\/span> zunaj uradnih dr\u017eavnih kultov in ka\u017eejo, kako so se ljudje konkretno obra\u010dali na bogove.<\/p><p>Proserpina je bila povezana tudi s posmrtnim nagrajevanjem in kaznovanjem. V mistrijskih predstavah, ki so razvidne med drugim na tako imenovanih orfi\u010dno-bakhijskih zlatih tablicah, ima podzemeljska kraljica vlogo instance, pred katero pokojna du\u0161a obstane ali se izka\u017ee za neuspe\u0161no.<\/p><p>Ali te tablice mislijo na Proserpino v o\u017ejem rimskem pomenu ali na splo\u0161nej\u0161o, gr\u0161ko zaznamovano podzemeljsko boginjo, je v posameznih primerih te\u017eko presoditi. Na splo\u0161no ta skupina virov ka\u017ee, da je bila Proserpina poleg literarnega mitskega lika tudi naslovnica dejanske obredne prakse, ki je segala od ljubezenske magije do upanja na posmrtno \u017eivljenje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nadaljnje povezave<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160339\">Rim, kultura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160497\">Pluton, mo\u017e in podzemeljski kralj<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160494\">Perzefona, gr\u0161ka izvorna oblika<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Raziskovalna literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foley, Helene P. (ur.): <em>The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation and Commentary<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Caldwell, Richard S.: <em>The Psychology of Religion. A Jungian Perspective<\/em>. Routledge, 1991.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kot <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bitje, ki je znotraj neke religije \u010da\u0161\u010deno kot bo\u017eansko.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017eanstvo<\/span><\/em> rimskega izro\u010dila Proserpina ustreza gr\u0161ki Perzefoni in si z njo deli leto med zgornjim in podzemnim svetom; njen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Celota verskih \u010da\u0161\u010denjskih dejanj, namenjenih bo\u017eanstvu ali svetemu liku.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je zaznamoval setvene praznike in <em>libri Sibyllini<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1738,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Proserpina","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Proserpina \u2013 rimska boginja podzemlja","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Proserpina, rimska boginja podzemlja: ugrabitev po Plutonu, granatno jabolko in mit o letnih \u010dasih, kultna zgodovina od Rima do prekletstvenih 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