{"id":160393,"date":"2026-09-05T00:20:40","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:20:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=160393"},"modified":"2026-09-05T00:36:10","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T00:36:10","slug":"preta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/preta\/","title":{"rendered":"Preta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"160393\" class=\"elementor elementor-160393 elementor-1208\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta, duh budisti\u010dne tradicije<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesno bitje, ki naj bi vplivalo na svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">duh<\/span> budisti\u010dne tradicije.<\/p><p><strong>La\u010dni duh z grlom kot \u0161ivankino uho, karmi\u010dna podoba pohlepa.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duh: Netelesno ali polnetelesno bitje, umrli, naravna bitja, doma\u010di duhovi ali varuhi meja. Deluje v vsakdanjem \u017eivljenju, pogosto vezano na kraje ali dru\u017eine.\">Duh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160386\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Budisti\u010dna tradicija z bodhisattvami, za\u0161\u010ditnimi bo\u017eanstvi, la\u010dnimi duhovi in stra\u017earji pekla.\">Budizem<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160443\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Umrli, katerih duhovi naprej delujejo v tostranstvu, doma\u010di duhovi, predniki, nemirni mrtvi.\">Duh umrlega<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-162768\" alt=\"Preta \u2013 duhovi iz budisti\u010dne tradicije, zgodovinsko-ilustrativno\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta (v paliju: peta) je ena najbolj prepoznavnih podob budisti\u010dne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o zgradbi in ureditvi sveta znotraj neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kozmologije<\/span>. La\u010dni duh z napihnjenim trebuhom in tanko grlom, ozkim kot \u0161ivankino uho, ki lahko vidi in hrepeni, a ne more jesti ali piti.<\/p><p>Ta podoba je postala slika posledic karmi\u010dne pohlepnosti: kdor je v \u017eivljenju zavra\u010dal darove, bil skop ali si prisvajal milo\u0161\u010dino, se v svetu pretov ponovno rodi in trpi ustrezno pomanjkanje.<\/p><p>V besedilih Petavatthu (del Palijskega kanona) budisti\u010dni mojstri poro\u010dajo o sre\u010danjih s preti, ki priznavajo svoja pretekla dejanja. Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu in budizmu u\u010dno besedilo v strnjeni obliki.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aVeliko vozilo'; ena od treh glavnih tradicij budizma, z bodisatvskim idealom in razdelano filozofsko refleksijo.\">mahajana<\/span>) pripoveduje, kako Maudgaljajana vidi svojo pokojno mater v stanju preta in jo lahko re\u0161i le s skupno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje zahvale, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritveno<\/span> mo\u010djo sanghe.<\/p><p>Iz te pripovedi se je razvil po vsem svetu praznovani Festival la\u010dnih duhov (Ullambana, kitajsko Yulanpen, japonsko Obon). Ta podoba je tako, druga\u010de kot mnogi drugi demoni, tesno povezana z obredno prakso letnega koledarja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Na kratko: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> la\u010dni duh, budisti\u010dna ponovna rojstva<br>Izvor: karmi\u010dna posledica skoposti, zavisti, pohlepa, zlorabe milo\u0161\u010dine<br>Besedila: Petavatthu (pali), Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu in budizmu u\u010dno besedilo v strnjeni obliki.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, d\u017eatake<br>Obdobje: od 5. stoletja pr. n. \u0161t. do danes<br>Osrednji praznik: Festival la\u010dnih duhov \/ Ullambana \/ Obon<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uvrstitev<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V Palijskem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"Kot verodostojna priznana zbirka svetih spisov neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonu<\/span> je bila podoba razdelana z besedilom Petavatthu od 3. stoletja pr. n. \u0161t. dalje. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Veliko vozilo; ena od treh glavnih tradicij budizma, z bodisatvskim idealom.\">Mahajanska<\/span> raz\u0161iritev je nastala z Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu in budizmu u\u010dno besedilo v strnjeni obliki.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutro<\/span> (zgodnje kr\u0161\u010dansko \u0161tetje, prevedeno v kitaj\u0161\u010dino v 3. stoletju n. \u0161t.). Festival la\u010dnih duhov se je na Kitajskem uveljavil v obdobju dinastije Tang, na Japonskem kot Obon v obdobju Nara. V sodobnosti se praksa neprekinjeno nadaljuje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Teravada: \u0160rilanka, Tajska, Mjanmar, Laos, Kambod\u017ea (tam povezano z lokalnimi kulti prednikov). Mahajana: Kitajska, Koreja, Japonska, Vietnam (tam \u0161e posebej \u017eivo). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Diamantno vozilo'; tantri\u010dna oblika mahajanskega budizma, predvsem v Tibetu, s prakso jidam in mantra tehniko v sredi\u0161\u010du.\">Vajrajana<\/span>: Tibet, Mongolija. Mad\u017earske, mongolske, kazahstanske budisti\u010dne skupnosti. Sodobne skupnosti diaspore po vsem svetu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Petavatthu (pali, del Khuddaka Nikaya), Vimanavatthu (kot dopolnjujo\u010d nasprotni del), Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu in budizmu u\u010dno besedilo v strnjeni obliki.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (sanskrt\/kitaj\u0161\u010dina), d\u017eatake, tibetanske tradicije knjige mrtvih, sodobna etnografija o Festivalu la\u010dnih duhov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ime in razli\u010dice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrt:<\/strong> <em>preta<\/em>; pali <em>peta<\/em>; \u017eensko <em>pretani<\/em>.<br>Kitajsko: \u9913\u9b3c (<em>e gui<\/em>, \u201ela\u010dni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesno bitje, ki naj bi vplivalo na svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">duh<\/span>&#8220;).<br>Japonsko: <em>gaki<\/em>.<br>Tibetansko: <em>yidag<\/em>.<br>Etimologija: iz <em>pra-i<\/em> \u201eiti naprej&#8221;, prvotno \u201eumrli&#8221;, pozneje specializirano na razred la\u010dnih duhov.<\/p><p>Izraz zelo dobro ka\u017ee razvoj: v vedskem obdobju je <em>preta<\/em> preprosto pomenil umrlega v vmesni fazi pred ponovnim rojstvom. Budizem to natan\u010dneje dolo\u010da: nekateri mrtvi postanejo la\u010dni duhovi, odvisno od njihove <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu, budizmu in d\u017eainizmu zakon posledic dejanj: vsako ravnanje vpliva na naslednje obstoje.\">karme<\/span>. Iz te specializacije nastane razred pretov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zna\u010dilnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Videz<\/strong><\/p><p>Ogromen napihnjen trebuh, drobna usta, \u017erelo tanko kot \u0161ivankino uho, tanki udi. La\u010den, po\u017eeljivo strme\u010d, pogosto z ognjenimi usti (vsaka pija\u010da se spremeni v ogenj). Klasi\u010dna demonologija pozna 36 razredov pretov, vsak s svojim posebnim trpljenjem.<\/p><p><strong>Vedenje<\/strong><\/p><p>Nenehno i\u0161\u010de hrano, vendar ne more jesti. Obsojen na nenehno lakoto. Vidi vodo, ki se spremeni v gnoj; vidi jedi, ki zgorijo. Privla\u010di ga vonj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje hvale\u017enosti, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritvenih<\/span> darov.<\/p><p><strong>Podro\u010dje delovanja<\/strong><\/p><p>Lastni Pretaloka (svet pretov) znotraj budisti\u010dne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o zgradbi in ureditvi sveta znotraj neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmologije<\/span>, deli prostor s \u010dlove\u0161kim svetom, vendar ga dojema druga\u010de. Pogosto se nahaja v bli\u017eini nekdanjih krajev bivanja. Na Kitajskem naj bi bili po izro\u010dilu v sedmem lunarnem mesecu \u201eizpu\u0161\u010deni&#8221; iz podzemlja.<\/p><p><strong>Mitolo\u0161ka uvrstitev<\/strong><\/p><p>Ne gre za stvarjenje, temve\u010d za posledico ponovnega rojstva. Iz skoparije, zavisti, tatvine milo\u0161\u010dine, zlorabe verskih daritev. Trajanje bivanja kot pret dolo\u010da karmi\u010dna te\u017ea, pogosto zelo dolgo, nekateri besedili govorijo o kalpah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vizitka: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najpomembnej\u0161i vidiki preta na kratko.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izvor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Karmi\u010dno ponovno rojstvo iz skoparije, zavisti, zlorabe daritev. Ne gre za stvarjenje, temve\u010d za obliko bivanja znotraj budisti\u010dne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o zgradbi in ureditvi sveta znotraj neke kulture.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmologije<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta ciljna skupina<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nekdanji ljudje z negativnimi karmi\u010dnimi obremenitvami. V poznej\u0161ih izro\u010dilih so vezani tudi na dolo\u010dene kraje in dru\u017eine (prednikovi preti).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oblika<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Napihnjen trebuh, drobna usta, \u017erelo tanko kot \u0161ivankino uho, tanki udi. V nekaterih opisih ognjena usta. 36 razredov, vsak s svojim trpljenjem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcija<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vekomaj la\u010den, nezmo\u017een jesti. Iz po\u017eeljivosti zalezuje \u017eive\u010de, privla\u010dijo ga <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje hvale\u017enosti, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritveni<\/span> darovi. Lahko povzro\u010di bolezen v hi\u0161ah, ki zanemarjajo prednike.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0161\u010dita<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darovi in Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"Urejeno zaporedje simboli\u010dnih dejanj z versko ali kulturno pomenom.\" tabindex=\"0\">obred<\/span> (za poimensko obujane prete), recitacija Ullambana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu in budizmu u\u010dno besedilo v strnjeni obliki.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutre<\/span>, daritev vode in ri\u017ea. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Diamantno vozilo; tantri\u010dna oblika mahajanskega budizma, predvsem v Tibetu, s prakso jidam v sredi\u0161\u010du.\">vad\u017erajani<\/span>: obred tsok z deljenimi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriv\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje zahvale, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritvenimi<\/span> darovi vsem \u017eivim bitjem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta vzporednice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E Gui (kitajsko), Gaki (japonsko), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160331\">Edimmu<\/a>, Pi\u0161a\u010da, kr\u0161\u010danske vicelske podobe kot strukturno sorodne du\u0161e na prehodu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obred in praznik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ullambana\/festival la\u010dnih duhov<\/strong><\/p><p>V sedmem lunarnem mesecu (obi\u010dajno avgust) se po <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prena\u0161anje znanja in pripovedi skozi generacije.\" tabindex=\"0\">izro\u010dilu<\/span> odprejo vrata podzemlja in preti prihajajo v svet. Verniki prina\u0161ajo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje hvale\u017enosti, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritvene<\/span> darove, recitirajo sutre, postavljajo altarje. Budisti\u010dno in daoisti\u010dno izro\u010dilo se zdru\u017eita v enega izmed najve\u010djih ljudskih verskih praznikov v vzhodni Aziji.<\/p><p><strong>Obon na Japonskem<\/strong><\/p><p>V \u010dasu Obon (obi\u010dajno 13.\u201316. avgust) sprejemajo prednike. Plesi bon odori, ognji pred hi\u0161nimi vrati, obiski grobov. Povezava z motivom re\u0161itve materinske figure (Mulian\/Maudgaljajana <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Izro\u010dena pripoved o bogovih, izvorih in ureditvi sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>) je \u010dustveno mo\u010dno nabita.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Urejeno zaporedje simboli\u010dnih dejanj z religioznim ali kulturnim pomenom.\" tabindex=\"0\">Obred<\/span> v vsakdanjem \u017eivljenju<\/strong><\/p><p>V theravadi: darovanje vode pretom ob obroku pindapata. V vad\u017erajani: sur dimni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje hvale\u017enosti, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">dar<\/span>, vsakodnevno \u201ehranjenje pretov&#8221; kot del daritvene prakse. V mahajani: predlo\u017eitev imen umrlih sorodnikov v samostane za redno recitacijo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu in budizmu jedrnato zapisano u\u010dno besedilo.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutre<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vzporednice in sodobnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Medkulturni la\u010dni duhovi<\/strong><\/p><p>E Gui (Kitajska), Gaki (Japonska) sta neposredna prevoda in ista figura v vzhodnoazijski obliki. Pi\u0161a\u010da (hinduizem) deli lakotni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ponavljajo\u010d se vsebinski element v umetnosti ali pripovedi.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>, a s posebnostjo po\u017eiranja trupel. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160331\">Edimmu<\/a> in rimski lemuri so strukturno sorodne du\u0161e na prehodu.<\/p><p><strong>Psiholo\u0161ka in ekolo\u0161ka razlaga:<\/strong> Sodobni budisti\u010dni u\u010ditelji (Thich Nhat Hanh) preta razlagajo tudi psiholo\u0161ko: stanje ve\u010dnega nezadovoljstva kljub materialnemu premo\u017eenju. Ekolo\u0161ko se preta bere kot podoba nenasitnega potro\u0161ni\u0161tva, sodobno zelo u\u010dinkovita u\u010dna figura.<\/p><p><strong>Popkultura:<\/strong> Japonski anime in manga redno navajata motive gaki. Festival la\u010dnih duhov je komercializiran, vendar ostaja verstveno pomemben. V zahodni fantastiki se preti pojavljajo kot samostojna vrsta monstruma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26fd4bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26fd4bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ca3f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ca3f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utemeljitev pretovskega bivanja v karmi\u010dnem mi\u0161ljenju<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5a782f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb5a782f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf49c5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf49c5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ponovno rojstvo kot <em>preta<\/em> (pali <em>peta<\/em>) v budisti\u010dnem kozmosu velja za posledico natan\u010dno opredeljenega sklopa dejanj. Besedila kot <em>Petavatthu<\/em>, zbirka enainpetdesetih zgodb o duhovih v Khuddaka Nikayi palijskega kanona, rojstvo v svetu la\u010dnih duhov pripisujejo predvsem skoposti, pohlepu, odklanjanju milo\u0161\u010dine in odrekanju hrane potrebnim.<\/p><p>Kazen je zrcalna slika dejanja: kdor v \u017eivljenju ni dajal, trpi kot bitje z igli podobnim grlom in ogromnim trebuhom, ki nikoli ni sit.<\/p><p>Ta zrcalna podobnost ni naklju\u010dna, temve\u010d izraz budisti\u010dnega nauka, da karmi\u010dni u\u010dinek ustreza vrsti vzroka. <em>Petavatthu<\/em> pripoveduje o \u017eenskah, ki so gostom postregle pokvarjeno hrano in zdaj same morajo u\u017eivati gnoj in iztrebke, ali o mo\u017eu, ki je zmerjal menihe in zdaj hodi naokoli z gnijo\u010dimi usti.<\/p><p>Komentar Dhammapale, <em>Petavatthu-atthakatha<\/em>, vsako zgodbo pripi\u0161e konkretnemu prestopku in tako zbirko spremeni v moralni u\u010dbenik.<\/p><p>Pomembna je \u010dasovna omejenost. V nasprotju s rojstvom v peklu, ki obsega izjemno dolge, vendar prav tako kon\u010dne \u010dasovne razse\u017enosti, velja bivanje kot preta za stanje, ki ga je mogo\u010de skraj\u0161ati z ohranjenim dobrim karmo ali s prenosom zaslug od \u017eivih.<\/p><p>Tako svet la\u010dnih duhov zaseda vmesno mesto med \u0161estimi bivanjskimi svetovi, med peklenskimi bitji in \u017eivalmi. Gre za kraj pomanjkanja, ne aktivnega mu\u010denja.<\/p><p>Budisti\u010dna etika iz tega izpelje dvojni nauk. Po eni strani podoba pretov slu\u017ei kot svarilo pred skoposto. Po drugi strani utemeljuje osrednjo prakso darovanja (<em>dana<\/em>): dare\u017eljivost velja za pot, ki ravno ne vodi v svet la\u010dnih duhov.<\/p><p>Preta je torej manj stra\u0161ilo kot u\u010dna podoba, na kateri se nazorno poka\u017ee razmerje med dejanjem in posledico.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f2f2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9f2f2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf68fe07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf68fe07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praznik duhov in prenos zaslug<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11fbd0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp11fbd0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6817619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6817619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obredna oskrba la\u010dnih duhov spada med najstarej\u0161e in najbolj raz\u0161irjene prakse budizma. Njena kanoni\u010dna utemeljitev se najde v <em>Tirokudda Suti<\/em> Khuddaka Nikaye, kjer Buda razlo\u017ei, da darovi, ki se v imenu pokojnih sorodnikov izro\u010dijo skupnosti menihov, lahko koristijo sorodnikom, ponovno rojenim kot preti.<\/p><p>Ta mehanizem se imenuje prenos zaslug (<em>pattidana<\/em>): \u017eivi s dobrim dejanjem ustvari zaslugo in jo izrecno posveti pokojnemu, ki se nad tem veseli in je s tem razbremenjen.<\/p><p>Iz te zamisli se je v vzhodni Aziji razvil veliki praznik duhov.<\/p><p>Na Kitajskem se imenuje <em>Yulanpen<\/em> in poteka v sedmem lunarnem mesecu, na Japonskem kot <em>Obon<\/em>.<\/p><p>Podlaga je <em>Yulanpen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizmu in budizmu u\u010dno besedilo v strnjeni obliki.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span><\/em>, ki pripoveduje zgodbo meniha Maudgalyayane: s nadnaravnim vidom zagleda svojo pokojno mater, ki trpi kot la\u010dni duh, in je ne more odre\u0161iti sam, temve\u010d \u0161ele s skupno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Konkreten predmet ali jed, darovan bo\u017eanstvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">daritvijo<\/span> celotne skupnosti menihov ob koncu de\u017eevne dobe.<\/p><p>Praznik tako povezuje otro\u0161ko spo\u0161tovanje s budisti\u010dno logiko odre\u0161enja.<\/p><p>V praksi se med praznikom postavijo jedi, pija\u010de in simboli\u010dni denar, recitirajo se sutre in pri\u017eigajo svetilke. V teravadskem budisti\u010dnem svetu \u0160rilanke in jugovzhodne Azije obstajajo ustrezni darovi menihom v imenu pokojnih, pogosto sedmi dan, po treh mesecih in po enem letu.<\/p><p>Tibetanski budizem pozna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Urejeno zaporedje simboli\u010dnih dejanj z religioznim ali kulturnim pomenom.\" tabindex=\"0\">obred<\/span> <em>sur<\/em>, kadilno daritev iz za\u017egane hrane, katere vonj naj bi hranil la\u010dne duhove, saj njihovo zo\u017eeno grlo ne more sprejeti trdne hrane.<\/p><p>Ti obredi ka\u017eejo, da preta v \u017eivetem budizmu ni oddaljena u\u010dna podoba, temve\u010d bitje, s katerim obstaja trajen odnos. Pokojni ostaja del dru\u017eine, njegova oskrba pa je dol\u017enost pre\u017eivelih.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6c2679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6c2679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp463f07c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp463f07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografski prikaz na Kolesu \u017eivljenja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0d1ef8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb0d1ef8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp072efc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp072efc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najbolj raz\u0161irjena podoba la\u010dnih duhov se najde v <em>bhavachakri<\/em>, budisti\u010dnem Kolesu \u017eivljenja, ki krasi vhod \u0161tevilnih tibetanskih samostanov. Krog je razdeljen na \u0161est segmentov, eden od njih prikazuje svet pretov.<\/p><p>Ikonografska konvencija je trdna: tanki udi, napihnjen trebuh, dolg tanek vrat in drobna usta, pogosto tako majhna kot \u0161ivankino uho. Ta anatomija naredi kazen telesno vidno, lakota je neutola\u017eljiva, ker telo ne more sprejeti hrane.<\/p><p>Slikarija pogosto prikazuje Budo, ki se prika\u017ee pretom in jim ponudi zdravilni nauk ali hrano. Ta lik je najve\u010dkrat upodobljen kot rde\u010da ali rumena postava in ka\u017ee, da pot do osvoboditve tudi v svetu la\u010dnih duhov ni popolnoma zaprta.<\/p><p>Pokrajina sveta pretov se prikazuje kot suha, izsu\u0161ena ravnina, v\u010dasih z rekami, ki se ob poskusu pitja spremenijo v gnoj, kri ali ogenj.<\/p><p>Tibetanska besedila la\u010dne duhove nadalje raz\u010dlenjujejo. Pogosta razdelitev lo\u010di prete z zunanjimi ovirami, ki hrane preprosto ne najdejo, prete z notranjimi ovirami, katerih telo prepre\u010duje zau\u017eitje, in prete, katerim je muka \u017ee hrana sama. Ta sistematika se najde na primer v Gampopovem delu <em>Draguljni okras osvobojenja<\/em> iz dvanajstega stoletja.<\/p><p>V vzhodnoazijski umetnosti se la\u010dni duhovi pojavljajo tudi zunaj Kolesa \u017eivljenja. Japonski slikovni zvitek <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> iz obdobja Heian, danes v muzejih v Tokiu in Kjotu, v zaporedju prizorov prikazuje la\u010dne duhove, ki se zadr\u017eujejo na pokopali\u0161\u010dih, strani\u0161\u010dih in daritvenih mestih ter neopazno \u017eivijo med navadnimi ljudmi.<\/p><p>Ta zvitek velja za eno glavnih del srednjeve\u0161kega japonskega slikarstva in pri\u010da, kako konkretno je bila ta predstava zasidrana v vsakdanjem \u017eivljenju.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp653e979 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp653e979\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf700548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf700548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Predbudisti\u010dne korenine in vedski preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa99ec33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa99ec33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d0367b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8d0367b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Izraz <em>preta<\/em> ni budisti\u010dnega izvora, temve\u010d izhaja iz starej\u0161ega religioznega besedi\u0161\u010da Indije. Dobesedno pomeni tisti, ki je \u0161el naprej, oziroma pokojni, sestavljen iz predpone <em>pra<\/em> in korena s pomenom iti.<\/p><p>V vedskih in zgodnjih hinduisti\u010dnih besedilih <em>preta<\/em> najprej preprosto ozna\u010duje pravkar umrlega, ki se nahaja v vmesnem stanju, preden se skozi pogrebne obrede spremeni v <em>pitra<\/em>, prednika.<\/p><p>Ta prehod je v hinduisti\u010dnem obredju natan\u010dno urejen. Obredi <em>shraddha<\/em>, \u017ertvovanje hrane za mrtve, naj bi nemirnega preto prevedli v urejeno skupnost prednikov.<\/p><p>\u010ce ti obredi ostanejo neopravljeni ali \u010de nekdo umre slabe smrti, lahko pokojni ostane nespokojen preta. V tej predstavi preta torej ni samostojno bivanjsko podro\u010dje, temve\u010d nevarna prehodna faza, ki jo je treba zaklju\u010diti s pravilnim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Urejeno zaporedje simboli\u010dnih dejanj z religioznim ali kulturnim pomenom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualom<\/span>.<\/p><p>Budizem je izraz prevzel, vendar ga je preoblikoval. Iz za\u010dasnega vmesnega stanja je nastalo eno od \u0161estih trajnih bivanjskih podro\u010dij kroga ponovnih rojstev, v katero se skozi dolo\u010deno karmo rodi v celoti.<\/p><p>Povezava s pogrebnimi obredi je ostala ohranjena, vendar se je premaknila od dol\u017enosti ustvariti prednika k mo\u017enosti prenosa zasluge na trpe\u010de bitje.<\/p><p>Ta skupna korenina razlo\u017ei, zakaj se hinduisti\u010dna in budisti\u010dna pogrebna praksa pogosto podobata in ju v \u017eiveti religioznosti Ju\u017ene Azije te\u017eko lo\u010dimo.<\/p><p>Prav tako ka\u017ee, da budisti\u010dni preta ni nastal iz ni\u010d, temve\u010d je staro indijsko idejo vgradil v nov kozmolo\u0161ki sistem. Kdor \u017eeli razumeti to podobo, mora upo\u0161tevati to plastenje, vedsko predzgodovino in budisti\u010dno prevrednotenje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77bf53f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp77bf53f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp083baac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp083baac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Raz\u0161irjenost in preobrazba v budisti\u010dnih kulturah Azije<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b61d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b61d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c34744 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c34744\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z raz\u0161irjanjem budizma je potovala tudi predstava o la\u010dnem duhu in se prilagajala lokalnim razmeram. V dr\u017eavah ther\u00e1vade, torej \u0160rilanki, Mjanmaru, Tajski, Laosu in Kambod\u017ei, je ostala povezava s palijskim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kot zavezujo\u010da priznana zbirka svetih spisov neke religije.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonom<\/span> in besedilom <em>Petavatthu<\/em> mo\u010dna.<\/p><p>Tu se je predstava o preti deloma zlila z doma\u010dim verovanjem v duhove, na primer s tajskimi <em>phi<\/em>, tako da budisti\u010dni la\u010dni duh ni vedno strogo lo\u010den od drugih nespokojnih mrtvih.<\/p><p>Na Kitajskem je ideja naletela na \u017ee razvito kulturo \u010da\u0161\u010denja prednikov. La\u010dni duh, kitajsko <em>egui<\/em>, je bil tam tesno povezan s skrbjo za zapu\u0161\u010dene ali brezotro\u0161ke mrtve. Kdor nima potomcev, ki bi darovali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017eanstvu za izra\u017eanje zahvale, pro\u0161nje ali \u010da\u0161\u010denja.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u017ertve<\/span>, tvega, da postane la\u010dni <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Breztelesno bitje, ki naj bi imelo u\u010dinek na svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">duh<\/span>.<\/p><p>Praznik duhov sedmega meseca je postal eden najpomembnej\u0161ih praznikov v letu, ko se odprejo vrata podzemlja in duhovi hodijo po svetu. Tu se je budisti\u010dni nauk o odre\u0161enju povezal z daoisti\u010dnimi in ljudsko-religioznimi elementi.<\/p><p>Tibetanski budizem je la\u010dne duhove sistematiziral v svojih besedilih o stopnjah poti in razvil lastno obredno obliko s kadilno daritvijo <em>sur<\/em>. Podoba <em>yidaka<\/em>, kot se preta imenuje v tibetan\u0161\u010dini, je trdno zasidrana v zavesti, saj je kolo \u017eivljenja vidno pri vsakem vhodu v samostan.<\/p><p>Na Japonskem je la\u010dni duh z delom <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> dobil umetnostnozgodovinsko pomembno obliko in ostal prisoten na prazniku Obon. Izraz <em>gaki<\/em> je v sodobni japon\u0161\u010dini postal celo pogovorna zmerljivka za po\u017ere\u0161nega ali neubogljivega otroka, kar dokazuje, kako globoko se je religiozna predstava vtisnila v vsakdanji jezik.<\/p><p>Ta kulturna raznolikost ka\u017ee, da preta ni ostal togo nauk, temve\u010d je postal \u017eiv in prilagodljiv element budisti\u010dnega sveta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nadaljnje povezave<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Priporo\u010dene notranje povezave:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160386\">Budizem<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160394\">Mara<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160397\">Naraka-varuh<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160396\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li>E <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160398\">Gui<\/a> (Kitajska), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160391\">Pi\u0161a\u010da<\/a> (hinduizem), paralele<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160331\">Edimmu<\/a> (Edimmu kot predhodni motiv)<\/li><li>Praznik Ullambana\/Obon<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Viri in literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Izbor osrednjih del o preti:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Gehman, Henry S.: <em>Petavatthu. Stories of the Departed<\/em>. Oxford 1942.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Robert J.: <em>Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan<\/em>. Stanford 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>Travels in the Netherworld. Buddhist Popular Narratives of Death and the Afterlife in Tibet<\/em>. Oxford 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gombrich, Richard: <em>Precept and Practice<\/em>. Oxford 1971.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Nadaljnja standardna dela v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sl\/?page_id=160475\">seznamu literature<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-preta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Tukaj opisana za\u0161\u010ditna praksa je religiologska umestitev zgodovinskih izro\u010dil. iWell Guard navezuje na to kulturnozgodovinsko linijo nosljivih za\u0161\u010ditnih predmetov in predstavlja njeno sodobno obliko. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Ve\u010d o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efee16 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7efee16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2508526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Pogosta vpra\u0161anja o pretah<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kaj so preti v budizmu?<\/h3><p>Preta (sanskrt za &#8220;razli\u010dni&#8221;, v tibetan\u0161\u010dini yi-dvags) so v budizmu la\u010dni duhovi, ena od \u0161estih ravni bivanja v kolesu ponovnih rojstev. To so bitja z ogromnim \u017eelodcem in drobnimi usti ali grlom debeline igle: nikoli ne morejo postati siti, saj se vsaka hrana spremeni v pepel, br\u017e ko pride v njihova usta.<\/p><p>V bhava\u010dakri (tibetanskem kolesu \u017eivljenja) so tipi\u010dno ikonografsko upodobljeni. Karmi\u010dni vzrok je skopost, pohlep in egoizem v prej\u0161njem \u017eivljenju: kdor je drugim v \u017eivljenju odrekal hrano, se v naslednjem rojstvu prerodi kot la\u010dni preta.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Kaj je budisti\u010dni praznik la\u010dnih duhov?<\/h3><p>Praznik la\u010dnih duhov (kitajsko Yulanpen, japonsko Obon, korejsko Baekjung) je eden najpomembnej\u0161ih ljudskobudisti\u010dnih praznikov v vzhodni Aziji, ki poteka v sedmem lunarnem mesecu. Izvira iz zgodbe o Maudgaly\u0101yani, Budovem u\u010dencu, ki najde svojo mater v svetu pretov in je ne more neposredno hraniti.<\/p><p>Buda ga nau\u010di, da darovi, izro\u010deni sanghi (skupnosti menihov) ob koncu de\u017eevnega umika, dose\u017eejo la\u010dne duhove. Iz tega je nastal velik vzhodnoazijski praznik z darovi za pokojne, plesnimi predstavami (bon odori) in simboli\u010dnim spu\u0161\u010danjem lu\u010dk na vodo.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kaj so preti v budizmu?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Preta (sanskrt za \\u201erazlicni\\u201c, v tibetanscini yi-dvags) so v budizmu lacni duhovi \\u2014 ena od sestih ravni bivanja v kolesu ponovnih rojstev. 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Iz tega je nastal velik vzhodnoazijski praznik z darovi za pokojne, plesnimi predstavami (bon odori) in simbolicnim spuscanjem luck na vodo.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1678,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Preta","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Preta - la\u010dni duh z grlom kot \u0161ivankino uho","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Preta (v paliju: peta) je ena najbolj nazornih podob budisti\u010dne kozmologije. La\u010dni duh z napihnjenim trebuhom in grlom, tankim kot \u0161ivankino uho","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-160393","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preta - la\u010dni duh z grlom kot \u0161ivankino uho<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Preta (v paliju: peta) je ena najbolj nazornih podob budisti\u010dne kozmologije. 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