{"id":158849,"date":"2026-09-04T22:36:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158849"},"modified":"2026-09-04T23:13:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T23:13:25","slug":"mapuche-mytologia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/mapuche-mytologia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapuche mytol\u00f3gia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158849\" class=\"elementor elementor-158849 elementor-20570 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hero iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hl iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mapuche mytol\u00f3gia, Pill\u00e1n a svet duchov Chile<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-leadc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-leadc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuchovia, s pribli\u017ene 1,75 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia domorod\u00e1 skupina obyvate\u013estva \u010cile, \u017eij\u00fa aj v Argent\u00edne, kde ich po\u010det dosahuje \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pribli\u017ene 200 000. V regi\u00f3ne Araucan\u00eda a v pri\u013eahlej Patag\u00f3nii si dodnes zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiv\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa trad\u00edciu. K najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm prvkom tohto dodnes akt\u00edvne praktizovan\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva patria \u0161amanky machi so svoj\u00edm bubnom kultrun, duchovia sopiek pill\u00e1n a m\u00fdtus o potope spojen\u00fd s hadmi Caicai a Trentren.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Svet duchov Mapuchov je \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00fd s morom, sopkami a silami krajiny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hr iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-himg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-himg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159761\" alt=\"Beaivi \u2013 bohovia zo s\u00e1mskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-sami elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-sami elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trad\u00edcia <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0160amansk\u00e1 ritu\u00e1lna \u0161pecialistka Mapuche, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u017eena, zodpovedn\u00e1 za lie\u010denie a sprostredkovanie so svetom duchov.\" tabindex=\"0\">Machi<\/span><\/strong> tvor\u00ed z\u00e1klad n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej praxe vo Wallmapu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Svet duchov Mapuche sa del\u00ed na predkov a sope\u010dn\u00fdch duchov okolo Pill\u00e1na, morsk\u00e9 bytosti ako Sumpall a Pincoya a ambivalentn\u00fdch duchov Kalku. E\u0161te aj dnes sa odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa v trad\u00edcii Machi v Chile a Argent\u00edne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mapuche, jazyk a oblas\u0165 os\u00eddlenia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuche hovoria jazykom mapudungun, izolovan\u00fdm jazykom, ktor\u00fd je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za ohrozen\u00fd a dnes je podporovan\u00fd dvojjazy\u010dn\u00fdmi \u0161kolami a vlastn\u00fdmi rozhlasov\u00fdmi programami. Pod\u013ea s\u010d\u00edtania z roku 2017 sa v Chile k Mapuche hl\u00e1si pribli\u017ene 1,75 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed, takmer 10 percent obyvate\u013estva, v Argent\u00edne pribli\u017ene 200 000 pod\u013ea s\u010d\u00edtania z roku 2010.<\/p><p>Jadrov\u00e1 oblas\u0165 os\u00eddlenia sa nach\u00e1dza v chilskom regi\u00f3ne Araucan\u00eda a v susednej argent\u00ednskej Patag\u00f3nii, ktor\u00fa politick\u00ed z\u00e1stupcovia \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako Wallmapu. Historicky Mapuche v 15. storo\u010d\u00ed odol\u00e1vali expanzii Inckej r\u00ed\u0161e a od pribli\u017ene roku 1550 v takzvanej Araucskej vojne po st\u00e1ro\u010dia odol\u00e1vali \u0161panielskej koloni\u00e1lnej moci, ri\u0435\u043a\u0430 B\u00edo-B\u00edo bola dlho uzn\u00e1vanou hranicou. A\u017e dodnes v regi\u00f3ne pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa konflikty o pozemkov\u00e9 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Sopka a more usporad\u00favaj\u00fa svet duchov Mapuche, v zemi a sopk\u00e1ch predkov duchov Pill\u00e1n, vo vode bytosti ako Sumpall a Pincoya. Trad\u00edcia Machi v Chile a Argent\u00edne udr\u017eiava toto poznanie \u017eiv\u00e9 a\u017e dodnes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pill\u00e1n, Ng\u00fcnechen a predkovia duchovia sopiek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/pillan\/\">Pill\u00e1n<\/a> ozna\u010duje predkov a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch duchov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa \u010dasto sp\u00e1jan\u00ed so sopkami, napr\u00edklad so sopkou Villarrica, ktorej erupcie boli tradi\u010dne vykladan\u00e9 ako p\u00f4sobenie Pill\u00e1na. Niektor\u00e9 \u00fastne trad\u00edcie odvodzuj\u00fa Pill\u00e1na od zbo\u017e\u0161ten\u00fdch mocn\u00fdch predkov, napr\u00edklad zosnul\u00fdch vodcov (Lonko).<\/p><p>Ng\u00fcnechen, tvoriv\u00fd princ\u00edp alebo tvoriace bo\u017estvo, je v niektor\u00fdch podaniach ch\u00e1pan\u00fd ako \u0161tvordielna jednota a pova\u017eovan\u00fd za nadraden\u00fa usporad\u00favaciu moc, zatia\u013e \u010do Pill\u00e1n p\u00f4sobia ako sprostredkuj\u00face, ambivalentn\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 sily, napr\u00edklad v blesku a erupcii sopky. Presn\u00e1 systematika tohto vz\u0165ahu nie je v etnografickej literat\u00fare pop\u00edsan\u00e1 jednotne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Machi, Kultrun a Ngillatun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Machi je hlavnou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou a lie\u010dite\u013eskou autoritou Mapuche, preva\u017ene, ale nie v\u00fdlu\u010dne \u017eena; povolanie prich\u00e1dza \u010dasto prostredn\u00edctvom sna alebo choroby, po ktorom nasleduje inici\u00e1cia (Machiluw\u00fcn) pod veden\u00edm sk\u00fasenej Machi. Jej najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojom je Kultrun, posv\u00e4tn\u00fd bubon pomalovan\u00fd kosmogramom, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva pri diagnostike a v transe.<\/p><p>Pred domom Machi stoj\u00ed Rewe, stup\u0148ovit\u00fd posv\u00e4tn\u00fd st\u013ap alebo strom, ktor\u00fd sa pova\u017euje za osu medzi pozemsk\u00fdm a horn\u00fdm svetom. Pri Ngillatune, periodickom spolo\u010dnom ritu\u00e1li pre plodnos\u0165 a blaho, vedie Machi zhroma\u017eden\u00fa komunitu tancom, spevom a Kultrunom. Etnografka Ana Mariella Bacigalupo d\u00f4kladne zdokumentovala pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faci spolo\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdznam tejto dodnes akt\u00edvnej praxe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00fdtus o potope Caicai-Vilu a Trentren-Vilu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V centre jedn\u00e9ho z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdtov Mapuche stoj\u00ed boj medzi morsk\u00fdm hadom <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158781\">Caicai-Vilu<\/a>, ktor\u00fd vyvol\u00e1va ve\u013ek\u00fa potopu, a zemn\u00fdm a horsk\u00fdm hadom Trentren-Vilu, ktor\u00fd zdv\u00edha zem, aby zachr\u00e1nil \u013eud\u00ed. Kto pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie nedosiahne vrcholy h\u00f4r v\u010das, zmen\u00ed sa na rybu alebo in\u00e9 morsk\u00e9 zviera.<\/p><p>Najm\u00e4 v rozpr\u00e1va\u010dskej trad\u00edcii ostrova Chilo\u00e9 je tento m\u00fdtus pova\u017eovan\u00fd za p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o roz\u010dlenenom ostrovnom svete regi\u00f3nu; je \u017eivou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u00fastnej trad\u00edcie bez jedinej kanonickej podoby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-s-faq e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-sami-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-sami-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o mapuche mytol\u00f3gii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-sami-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Kto s\u00fa Mapuche?<\/h3>\n<p>Mapuche s\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou domorodou skupinou obyvate\u013estva Chile, \u017eije ich pribli\u017ene 1,75 mili\u00f3na, s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi pribli\u017ene 200 000 \u013eu\u010fmi v Argent\u00edne. Hovoria jazykom mapudungun a \u017eij\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v regi\u00f3ne Araucan\u00eda a v susednej Patag\u00f3nii.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co je Machi?<\/h3>\n<p>Machi je \u0161amansk\u00e1 ritu\u00e1lna \u0161pecialistka Mapuche, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u017eena, zodpovedn\u00e1 za lie\u010denie, divin\u00e1ciu a vedenie spolo\u010densk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov, ako je Ngillatun. Jej najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojom je posv\u00e4tn\u00fd bubon kultrun. Trad\u00edcia machi je aj dnes akt\u00edvne praktizovanou realitou, nie historickou pripomienkou.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co s\u00fa Pill\u00e1n?<\/h3>\n<p>Pill\u00e1n s\u00fa duchovia predkov a pr\u00edrody, ktor\u00ed sa \u010dasto sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa so sopkami. Pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie sa ich p\u00f4sobenie prejavuje bleskom, hromom a sope\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdbuchmi.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co rozpr\u00e1va m\u00fdtus o Caicai a Trentren?<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00fdtus opisuje boj medzi morsk\u00fdm hadom Caicai-Vilu, ktor\u00fd privol\u00e1va potopu, a horsk\u00fdm hadom Trentren-Vilu, ktor\u00fd zachra\u0148uje krajinu. Najm\u00e4 na ostrove Chilo\u00e9 sa pova\u017euje za pr\u00edbeh o p\u00f4vode ostrovn\u00e9ho svetla.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kto s\u00fa Mapuche?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Mapuche s\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou domorodou skupinou obyvate\u013estva Chile, \u017eije ich pribli\u017ene 1,75 mili\u00f3na, s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi pribli\u017ene 200 000 \u013eu\u010fmi v Argent\u00edne. Hovoria jazykom mapudungun a \u017eij\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v regi\u00f3ne Araucan\u00eda a v susednej Patag\u00f3nii.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u010co je Machi?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Machi je \u0161amansk\u00e1 ritu\u00e1lna \u0161pecialistka Mapuche, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u017eena, zodpovedn\u00e1 za lie\u010denie, divin\u00e1ciu a vedenie spolo\u010densk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov, ako je Ngillatun. Jej najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojom je posv\u00e4tn\u00fd bubon kultrun. Trad\u00edcia machi je aj dnes akt\u00edvne praktizovanou realitou, nie historickou pripomienkou.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u010co s\u00fa Pill\u00e1n?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Pill\u00e1n s\u00fa duchovia predkov a pr\u00edrody, ktor\u00ed sa \u010dasto sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa so sopkami. Pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie sa ich p\u00f4sobenie prejavuje bleskom, hromom a sope\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdbuchmi.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u010co rozpr\u00e1va m\u00fdtus o Caicai a Trentren?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"M\u00fdtus opisuje boj medzi morsk\u00fdm hadom Caicai-Vilu, ktor\u00fd privol\u00e1va potopu, a horsk\u00fdm hadom Trentren-Vilu, ktor\u00fd zachra\u0148uje krajinu. Najm\u00e4 na ostrove Chilo\u00e9 sa pova\u017euje za pr\u00edbeh o p\u00f4vode ostrovn\u00e9ho svetla.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kalku, Anchimayen a ambivalencia m\u00e1gie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158654\">Kalku<\/a> ozna\u010duje osobu, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e1 m\u00e1gia, \u010di\u017ee ist\u00fd protip\u00f3l lie\u010dite\u013eky machi. Historicky bola hranica medzi oboma rolami plynul\u00e1 a silne z\u00e1visela od prip\u00edsania viny obvi\u0148uj\u00facou komunitou. Tento koncept sl\u00fa\u017eil predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ako vysvet\u013eovac\u00ed model pre nevysvetlen\u00e9 ne\u0161\u0165astie, chorobu alebo smr\u0165.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158647\">Anchimayen<\/a> je ohniv\u00fd duch, ktor\u00fd sa pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie \u010dasto vyklad\u00e1 ako du\u0161a zosnul\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a a predstavuje sa ako sluha alebo sprievodn\u00fd duch kalku. V\u00fdskumy, napr\u00edklad k obvineniam z kalku v 17. a 18. storo\u010d\u00ed, ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee tak\u00e9to prip\u00edsania boli tesne sp\u00e4t\u00e9 so soci\u00e1lnymi konfliktami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Morsk\u00e9 bytosti mytol\u00f3gie Chilo\u00e9: Pincoya a Sumpall<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158784\">Sumpall<\/a> je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za vodn\u00e9ho a rybieho ducha, bytos\u0165 s podobou pol \u010dloveka a pol ryby, ktor\u00e1 ako \u201ep\u00e1n r\u00fdb&#8220; rozhoduje o \u0161\u0165ast\u00ed pri rybolove. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158783\">Pincoya<\/a>, morsk\u00e1 v\u00edla mytol\u00f3gie Chilo\u00e9, pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie tancuje na pl\u00e1\u017ei, pri\u010dom smer jej tanca, k moru alebo k pobre\u017eiu, m\u00e1 ur\u010dova\u0165 bohatstvo alebo nedostatok r\u00fdb.<\/p><p>Za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho sa naopak pova\u017euje <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158782\">Nguruvilu<\/a>, hadovit\u00e9 rie\u010dne mon\u0161trum, ktor\u00e9 prepad\u00e1va cestuj\u00facich a dobytok na rie\u010dnych brodoch. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/cherufe\/\">Cherufe<\/a>, ohniv\u00e1 bytos\u0165 \u017eij\u00faca pod sopkami a v zemi, sa v nov\u0161\u00edch, liter\u00e1rne ovplyvnen\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch sp\u00e1ja s mot\u00edvom \u013eudskej obete.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Koloniz\u00e1cia, odpor a trad\u00edcia Mapuche dnes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuche sa v 15. storo\u010d\u00ed \u00faspe\u0161ne br\u00e1nili expanzii Inckej r\u00ed\u0161e a od pribli\u017ene roku 1550 viedli po st\u00e1ro\u010dia vojensk\u00fd odpor vo\u010di \u0161panielskej koloni\u00e1lnej moci, zn\u00e1my ako Araucansk\u00e1 vojna. A\u017e v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed chilsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t n\u00e1silne pripojil regi\u00f3n Araucan\u00eda v r\u00e1mci takzvanej Pacificaci\u00f3n de la Araucan\u00eda, spojenej so stratou p\u00f4dy a christianiz\u00e1ciou.<\/p><p>V regi\u00f3ne dodnes trvaj\u00fa konflikty o pozemkov\u00e9 pr\u00e1va medzi komunitami Mapuche, lesn\u00fdmi a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskymi podnikmi a chilsk\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom. Trad\u00edcia machi z\u00e1rove\u0148 zost\u00e1va \u017eitou a uzn\u00e1vanou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxou, \u010dasto v kombin\u00e1cii s biomedic\u00ednskou starostlivos\u0165ou, a je predmetom pokra\u010duj\u00faceho etnografick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu, medzi in\u00fdmi Any Mariella Bacigalupo a archeol\u00f3ga Toma Dillehaya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d9a92a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d9a92a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2515827f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2515827f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e1rod dvoch \u0161t\u00e1tov a jeho region\u00e1lna rozmanitos\u0165<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25cbddf2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25cbddf2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp240cdc6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp240cdc6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuche dnes \u017eij\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v chilskom regi\u00f3ne Araucan\u00eda a v susednej argent\u00ednskej Patag\u00f3nii, na \u00fazem\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 politick\u00ed predstavitelia \u010dasto s\u00fahrnne ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako Wallmapu. Historicky sa Mapuche delili na viacero region\u00e1lnych skup\u00edn, napr\u00edklad pobre\u017en\u00fdch Mapuche (Lafkenche), obyvate\u013eov \u00c1nd (Pewenche) a obyvate\u013eov n\u00ed\u017ein a jazern\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota a miestne trad\u00edcie sa l\u00ed\u0161ili.<\/p><p>Na ostrove Chilo\u00e9, silno ovplyvnenom od 16. storo\u010dia \u0161panielskou koloniz\u00e1ciou a katol\u00edckou misiou, sa vyvinula obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 bohat\u00e1 rozpr\u00e1va\u010dsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, \u010diasto\u010dne prepleten\u00e1 s eur\u00f3pskymi prvkami, o morsk\u00fdch bytostiach ako Pincoya, Sumpall a m\u00fdte o potope Caicai a Trentren, ktor\u00e1 nie je v tejto podobe rovnako zn\u00e1ma v celej oblasti Mapuche.<\/p><p>Aj prax machi a v\u00fdznam jednotliv\u00fdch duchovn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, ako Pill\u00e1n alebo Nguruvilu, sa medzi regi\u00f3nmi l\u00ed\u0161ia. V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 v\u00fdroky o \u201emytol\u00f3gii Mapuche&#8220; preto zakr\u00fdvaj\u00fa zna\u010dn\u00fa vn\u00fatorn\u00fa rozmanitos\u0165 medzi Andami, pobre\u017e\u00edm a ostrovn\u00fdm svetom.<\/p><p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine skup\u00edn je spolo\u010dn\u00e1 centr\u00e1lna \u00faloha machi ako prostredn\u00ed\u010dky s duchovn\u00fdm svetom, uctievanie duchov predkov Pill\u00e1n a predstava o\u017eivenej krajiny ob\u00fdvanej mnoh\u00fdmi bytos\u0165ami. Aj tieto spolo\u010dn\u00e9 prvky s\u00fa v prame\u0148och region\u00e1lne rozdielne dobre zdokumentovan\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b1a3dae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b1a3dae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp282c06ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp282c06ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultrun, rewe a sily sveton\u00e1zoru Mapuche<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp228b4522 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp228b4522\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp261454c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp261454c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm predmetom Mapu\u010dov je kultr\u00fan, sv\u00e4ty bubon machi. Na jeho ko\u017eenej membr\u00e1ne je \u010dasto nama\u013eovan\u00fd kozmogram, ktor\u00fd zobrazuje \u0161tyri svetov\u00e9 strany a r\u00f4zne \u00farovne sveta, a je tak obrazom kozmol\u00f3gie.<\/p><p>Machi pou\u017e\u00edva kultr\u00fan pri diagnostike, lie\u010debnom ritu\u00e1li a tranze, po\u010das ktorej sa jej du\u0161a sp\u00e1ja s duchmi a predkami. Pred jej domom stoj\u00ed rewe, stup\u0148ovit\u00fd sv\u00e4t\u00fd st\u013ap alebo strom, ktor\u00fd sa pova\u017euje za osu medzi pozemsk\u00fdm a horn\u00fdm svetom a je miestom centr\u00e1lnych ritu\u00e1lov.<\/p><p>Sveton\u00e1zor Mapu\u010dov pozn\u00e1 Ng\u00fcnechena ako nadraden\u00fd princ\u00edp stvorenia, ako aj mno\u017estvo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/pillan\/\">Pill\u00e1nov<\/a>, duchov predkov a pr\u00edrody, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa sp\u00e1jan\u00ed najm\u00e4 so sopkami. Krajinu okrem toho ob\u00fdvaj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 bytosti: vodn\u00ed duchovia ako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158784\">Sumpall<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158782\">Nguruvilu<\/a>, morsk\u00e9 v\u00edly ako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158783\">Pincoya<\/a>, ohniv\u00e9 bytosti ako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/cherufe\/\">Cherufe<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158647\">Anchimayen<\/a>, ako aj hadica <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158781\">Caicai-Vilu<\/a> z m\u00fdtu o potope.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158654\">Kalku<\/a>, osobe praktizuj\u00facej \u0161kodliv\u00fa m\u00e1giu, stoj\u00ed ako protiklad lie\u010dite\u013eka machi, hoci hranica medzi oboma \u00falohami bola historicky plynul\u00e1 a silne z\u00e1visela od spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho pripisovania.<\/p><p>O presnej systematike tohto sveton\u00e1zoru neexistuje kone\u010dn\u00e1 zhoda, preto\u017ee trad\u00edcia sa region\u00e1lne l\u00ed\u0161i a mnoh\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania boli p\u00edsomne zaznamenan\u00e9 a\u017e v 19. a 20. storo\u010d\u00ed. Trvaj\u00faca prax machi a ritu\u00e1lu ngillatun je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm, \u017eiv\u00fdm zdrojom, ktor\u00fd sa vzpiera \u010disto historickej rekon\u0161trukcii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp295547c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp295547c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28944fb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28944fb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pramene: koloni\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vy, etnografia a \u00fastna rozpr\u00e1va\u010dsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d59da4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d59da4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ce157b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ce157b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prv\u00e9 p\u00edsomn\u00e9 svedectv\u00e1 o n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve Mapu\u010dov poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa od \u0161panielskych kronik\u00e1rov a mision\u00e1rov zo 16. a 17. storo\u010dia, ktor\u00ed v kontexte Arauk\u00e1nskej vojny opisovali zvyky Mapu\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 vn\u00edmali ako cudzie. Tieto texty s\u00fa, podobne ako inde, silno ovplyvnen\u00e9 perspekt\u00edvou koloni\u00e1lnej moci.<\/p><p>Na konci 19. a za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia polo\u017eil nemecko-chilsk\u00fd lingvista Rodolfo Lenz svojimi \u0161t\u00fadiami o mapudungune a \u00fastnej rozpr\u00e1va\u010dskej trad\u00edcii z\u00e1klady prv\u00e9ho systematick\u00e9ho vedeck\u00e9ho spracovania, na ktor\u00e9 nadviazali neskor\u0161\u00ed etnografi.<\/p><p>Archeol\u00f3g Tom Dillehay, zn\u00e1my predov\u0161etk\u00fdm svojimi vykop\u00e1vkami v Monte Verde, prispel dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00fadiami o dejin\u00e1ch a odpore Mapu\u010dov k historick\u00e9mu zaradeniu tejto trad\u00edcie. Pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa prax je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm zdrojom etnografka Ana Mariella Bacigalupo, jej pr\u00e1ce o pohlav\u00ed, moci a lie\u010den\u00ed u chilsk\u00fdch machi sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za \u0161tandardn\u00e9 diela.<\/p><p>Osobitn\u00fdm druhom pramenov je samotn\u00e1 \u00fastna rozpr\u00e1va\u010dsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, m\u00fdty o Pill\u00e1novi, Caicai-Vilu a Trentren-Vilu alebo o morsk\u00fdch bytostiach oblasti Chilo\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 sa rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti a pri tom sa neust\u00e1le pretv\u00e1raj\u00fa. Nie s\u00fa fixovan\u00e9 v jedinej kanonickej verzii, \u010do s\u0165a\u017euje ich religionistick\u00e9 spracovanie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 to v\u0161ak tvor\u00ed ich \u017eivos\u0165 ako akt\u00edvnej trad\u00edcie.<\/p><p>B\u00e1datelia zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo Mapu\u010dov nie je uzavretou historickou veli\u010dinou, ale neust\u00e1le sa meniacou, dnes praktizovanou trad\u00edciou, ktorej vedeck\u00fd popis mus\u00ed zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 tento \u017eiv\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c009332 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c009332\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp225c94da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp225c94da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Koloniz\u00e1cia, spory o p\u00f4du a \u017eiv\u00e1 trad\u00edcia dnes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c7191ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c7191ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23f4061d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp23f4061d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuchovia sa v 15. storo\u010d\u00ed \u00faspe\u0161ne br\u00e1nili expanzii Inckej r\u00ed\u0161e a od pribli\u017ene roku 1550 viedli v tzv. Arauk\u00e1nskej vojne po st\u00e1ro\u010dia odpor proti \u0161panielskej koloni\u00e1lnej moci, rieka B\u00edo-B\u00edo dlho tvorila uzn\u00e1van\u00fa hranicu k oblasti pod \u0161panielskou kontrolou.<\/p><p>A\u017e na konci 19. storo\u010dia chilsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t n\u00e1silne pripojil oblas\u0165 Araucan\u00eda v r\u00e1mci vojensk\u00fdch kampan\u00ed ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch ako Pacificaci\u00f3n de la Araucan\u00eda, sprev\u00e1dzan\u00fdch stratou p\u00f4dy, pres\u00edd\u013eovan\u00edm do rezerv\u00e1ci\u00ed a intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ou kres\u0165anskou misiou. Podobn\u00e9 procesy prebiehali v rovnakom obdob\u00ed aj na argent\u00ednskej strane.<\/p><p>Aj pod t\u00fdmto tlakom sa zachovala n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 prax machi, ritu\u00e1lu ngillatun a uctievania Pill\u00e1na a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch duchovn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, \u010dasto v \u00fazkom spojen\u00ed so spolo\u010denskou a politickou samospr\u00e1vou komun\u00edt.<\/p><p>Aj dnes existuj\u00fa v Araucanii zna\u010dn\u00e9 spory o p\u00f4du medzi komunitami Mapu\u010dov, lesn\u00fdmi a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskymi podnikmi a chilsk\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom, sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 politick\u00fdmi spormi o uznanie a auton\u00f3miu.<\/p><p>Na rozdiel od mnoh\u00fdch historicky utl\u00e1\u010dan\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed nejde v pr\u00edpade n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva Mapu\u010dov o kult\u00faru pam\u00e4ti, ale o dnes akt\u00edvne praktizovan\u00fa trad\u00edciu. Machi dnes p\u00f4sobia ako uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 ritu\u00e1lne \u0161pecialistky, ngillatun sa na\u010falej sl\u00e1vi a \u00fastne rozpr\u00e1vania o Pill\u00e1novi, Caicai-Vilu, Trentren-Vilu a bytostiach mytol\u00f3gie Chilo\u00e9 sa odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti.<\/p><p>Vedeck\u00fd popis a verejn\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie musia teda zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165, \u017ee ide o \u017eiv\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa prax dnes existuj\u00faceho n\u00e1roda, nie o uzavret\u00fa historick\u00fa t\u00e9mu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bytosti tejto trad\u00edcie (8)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-gc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-gc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-grid elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-grid\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sumpall\/\" aria-label=\"Sumpall\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_mapuche_sumpall-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Sumpall\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Sumpall<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/pincoya\/\" aria-label=\"Pincoya\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_mapuche_pincoya-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Pincoya\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Pincoya<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/nguruvilu\/\" aria-label=\"Nguruvilu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_mapuche_nguruvilu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nguruvilu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nguruvilu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/caicai-vilu\/\" aria-label=\"Caicai-Vilu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_mapuche_caicai-vilu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Caicai-Vilu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Caicai-Vilu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/kalku\/\" aria-label=\"Kalku\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_mapuche_calku-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Kalku\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Kalku<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/anchimayen\/\" aria-label=\"Anchimayen\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_mapuche_anchimayen-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Anchimayen\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Anchimayen<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/pillan\/\" aria-label=\"Pill\u00e1n\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_mapuche_pillan-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Pill\u00e1n\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Pill\u00e1n<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/cherufe\/\" aria-label=\"Cherufe\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_mapuche_cherufe-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Cherufe\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Cherufe<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u0160amanky machi<\/em> Mapu\u010dov sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa kultr\u00fan, rewe a ritu\u00e1l ngillatun do dnes akt\u00edvne praktizovanej ochrannej a lie\u010debnej trad\u00edcie, v ktorej s\u00fa <em>duchovia pill\u00e1n<\/em>, zn\u00e1mi ako sope\u010dn\u00e9 a predkovsk\u00e9 mocnosti, \u00fazko spojen\u00ed s rodinou a komunitou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Mapuche Machi Kultrun Rewe Ngillatun Pill\u00e1n Wallmapu Araucan\u00eda Chilo\u00e9 Chile.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-sami\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 predmety v tejto kult\u00farnej trad\u00edcii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trad\u00edcia Mapu\u010dov pozn\u00e1 kultr\u00fan ako sv\u00e4t\u00fd bubon machi, rewe ako stup\u0148ovit\u00fa sv\u00e4ty\u0148u pred jej domom, ako aj strieborn\u00e9 \u0161perky (plater\u00eda mapuche) s ochrannou a statusovou funkciou; osobn\u00e9 prenosn\u00e9 amulety v \u00fazkom zmysle s\u00fa dosved\u010den\u00e9 menej \u010dasto ako tieto ritu\u00e1lne a spolo\u010densk\u00e9 formy ochrany, porovnate\u013en\u00e9 nanajv\u00fd\u0161 s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158829\">ochrann\u00fdmi bylinami<\/a> alebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158842\">ochrann\u00fdmi znakmi<\/a> in\u00fdch kult\u00far. Preh\u013ead ochrann\u00fdch predmetov r\u00f4znych trad\u00edci\u00ed pon\u00faka <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/schutz-kompas\/\">Schutz-Kompass<\/a>.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard sa zara\u010fuje do tejto kult\u00farno-historickej l\u00ednie prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v podobe s\u00fa\u010dasnej materi\u00e1lovej architekt\u00fary, vyrobenej v Nemecku. 41 vrstiev, prav\u00e9 zlato, platina, striebro. 30-d\u0148ov\u00e1 lehota na vr\u00e1tenie.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nie je to zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka. \u017diadny pr\u00eds\u013eub lie\u010denia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nie je zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka<\/strong> a nenahr\u00e1dza lek\u00e1rske ani psychoterapeutick\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie. Religionistick\u00fd obsah predstavuje kult\u00farno-historick\u00e9 zaradenie, nie odpor\u00fa\u010danie duchovnej praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20159,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"mapuche mytologia","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mapuche mytol\u00f3gia: Pill\u00e1n, Machi a svet duchov","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u0160amanky Machi, duchovia Pill\u00e1n a m\u00fdtus o potope Caicai a Trentren: mapuche mytol\u00f3gia Chile a Argent\u00edny odborne 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