{"id":158113,"date":"2026-09-04T22:22:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158113"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:51:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:51:38","slug":"laozi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/laozi\/","title":{"rendered":"Laozi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158113\" class=\"elementor elementor-158113 elementor-3065 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-345170e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"345170e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff235dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff235dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb6ac8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8fb6ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc68772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc68772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi, zakladate\u013e taoizmu<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-359f20b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"359f20b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Laozi (\u8001\u5b50, aj Lao-tzu, Lao-tse) je v \u010d\u00ednskej trad\u00edcii pova\u017eovan\u00fd za zakladate\u013ea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia zameran\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmu<\/span> a legend\u00e1rneho autora \u00abDaodejingu\u00bb, jedn\u00e9ho z najvplyvnej\u0161\u00edch textov v dejin\u00e1ch \u010d\u00ednskeho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva a filozofie.<\/p><p>Jeho historick\u00e1 existencia je v modernom b\u00e1dan\u00ed sporn\u00e1; pramene o jeho \u017eivote s\u00fa \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u00e9, rozporn\u00e9 a \u010diasto\u010dne m\u00fdticky prikr\u00e1\u0161len\u00e9. Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdskum Laoziho sa dnes s\u00fastre\u010fuje menej na historick\u00fa osobu a viac na dejiny \u00fa\u010dinku textov, ktor\u00e9 sa mu pripisuj\u00fa, a na jeho neskor\u0161ie zbo\u017e\u0161tenie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1d295 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec1d295\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d78c6a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d78c6a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Personifikovan\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne kult\u00fary, s jasn\u00fdmi zodpovednos\u0165ami \u2014 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 sily, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom kultov, obet\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.\">Boh<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3280e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3280e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78f4bb5 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"78f4bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__78f4bb5\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6d504f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6d504f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf9f9ad iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf9f9ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159729\" alt=\"Laozi - bohovia z trad\u00edcie taoizmu, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_daoismus_laozi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5250054 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5250054\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b7d392 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b7d392\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0015f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0015f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pramene o historickej osobe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c2b50b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c2b50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najpodrobnej\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene 800 pred Kristom a\u017e 600 po Kristovi.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00fd<\/span> \u017eivotopis Laoziho sa nach\u00e1dza v \u00abShiji\u00bb (\u00abZ\u00e1piskoch historika\u00bb) od Sima Qiana, dokon\u010denom okolo roku 90 pred Kristom. Sima Qian uv\u00e1dza tri odli\u0161n\u00e9 verzie o Laozim a s\u00e1m prizn\u00e1va, \u017ee nevie, ktor\u00e1 je pravdiv\u00e1.<\/p><p>Najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ia verzia rob\u00ed z Laoziho \u00faradn\u00edka na dvore v\u00fdchodnej dynastie Zhou, ktor\u00fd bol v 6. storo\u010d\u00ed pred Kristom knihovn\u00edkom alebo archiv\u00e1rom.<\/p><p>Pod\u013ea nej sa stretol s mlad\u00fdm Konfuciom (551 a\u017e 479 pred Kristom) a poskytol bud\u00facemu mudrcovi pou\u010denie. Napokon Laozi, znechuten\u00fd \u00fapadkom r\u00ed\u0161e, opustil krajinu smerom na z\u00e1pad a na \u017eiados\u0165 str\u00e1\u017ecu hranice Yinxiho na priesmyku Han-Gu nap\u00edsal Daodejing v rozsahu 5000 znakov.<\/p>\n\n<p>Druh\u00e1 verzia identifikuje Laoziho s Lao Laizim, in\u00fdm taoistick\u00fdm u\u010dite\u013eom z doby Zhou. Tretia verzia ho zara\u010fuje pribli\u017ene o 100 rokov nesk\u00f4r. Tieto viacer\u00e9 verzie ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee Sima Qian s\u00e1m nemal spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 biografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a materi\u00e1l zostavil z r\u00f4znych \u00fastnych a p\u00edsomn\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller v knih\u00e1ch \u00abLaotse\u00bb (1995) a \u00abThe Philosophy of the Daodejing\u00bb (2006) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee skromn\u00e9 \u00fadaje Sima Qiana maj\u00fa sk\u00f4r legend\u00e1rnu ne\u017e historick\u00fa podstatu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6257dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6257dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad033e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad033e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historicita v modernom b\u00e1dan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28596d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28596d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Modern\u00e9 sinologick\u00e9 b\u00e1danie intenz\u00edvne diskutuje ot\u00e1zku historicity Laoziho. Russell Kirkland v knihe \u00abTaoism: The Enduring Tradition\u00bb (2004) zast\u00e1va kritick\u00fa poz\u00edciu, pod\u013ea ktorej je Laozi ako historick\u00e1 osoba len \u0165a\u017eko uchopite\u013en\u00fd a texty, ktor\u00e9 sa mu pripisuj\u00fa, s\u00fa sk\u00f4r produktom viacer\u00fdch gener\u00e1ci\u00ed taoisticky orientovan\u00fdch u\u010dencov.<\/span><\/p><p>T\u00fato poz\u00edciu podporuje textovo-historick\u00e9 b\u00e1danie: Daodejing sa dnes ch\u00e1pe nie ako jednotne nap\u00edsan\u00e9 dielo, ale ako kompil\u00e1cia, ktorej najstar\u0161ie vrstvy sa daj\u00fa vystopova\u0165 do 4. alebo 3. storo\u010dia pred Kristom.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Bambusov\u00e9 texty objaven\u00e9 v roku 1993 v Guodiane (provincia Hubei) obsahovali fragmenty ran\u00e9ho znenia Daodejingu, datovan\u00e9 do konca 4. storo\u010dia pred Kristom. Tieto n\u00e1lezy op\u00e4\u0165 o\u017eivili diskusiu o vzniku textu a ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee Daodejing bol v priebehu viacer\u00fdch storo\u010d\u00ed upravovan\u00fd a dopl\u0148ovan\u00fd.<\/span><\/p><p>Jedin\u00e1 historick\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 osobnos\u0165 je tak nepravdepodobn\u00e1. Trad\u00edcia pripisova\u0165 dielo Laozimu patr\u00ed k typick\u00e9mu \u010d\u00ednskemu vzoru pseudoepigrafick\u00e9ho pripisovania legend\u00e1rnemu zakladate\u013eovi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa1cda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fa1cda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72671cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72671cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daodejing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed9666a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed9666a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daodejing (\u00abKlasik cesty a cnosti\u00bb) je text o 81 kr\u00e1tkych kapitol\u00e1ch, ktor\u00fd v poetickej, aforistickej forme rozv\u00edja z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 taoistick\u00e9 koncepty.<\/p><p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi pojmami s\u00fa \u00abTao\u00bb (cesta, p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 kozmick\u00e1 skuto\u010dnos\u0165), \u00abTe\u00bb (cnos\u0165, vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 sila), \u00abWu wei\u00bb (nekonanie, nen\u00faten\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie), \u00abZiran\u00bb (prirodzenos\u0165, samo-od-seba-tak\u00e9) a \u00abPu\u00bb (nezrezan\u00e1 stavba dreva, p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 jednoduchos\u0165). Tieto pojmy spolu tvoria filozofick\u00fd a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd sa \u010falej rozv\u00edjal v mnoh\u00fdch neskor\u0161\u00edch koment\u00e1roch.<\/p>\n\n<p>Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie klasick\u00e9 koment\u00e1re k Daodejingu poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa od Wang Bi (226 a\u017e 249) a Heshang Gonga (1. storo\u010die pred Kristom alebo 2. storo\u010die po Kristovi). Obaja zast\u00e1vaj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdklady: Wang Bi \u010d\u00edta text filozoficko-ontologicky, Heshang Gong n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-prakticky, s odkazom na medit\u00e1ciu a dychov\u00e9 techniky.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Nap\u00e4tie medzi filozofick\u00fdm a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm v\u00fdkladom charakterizuje prij\u00edmanie Daodejingu a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Livia Kohn v knihe \u00abDaoism and Chinese Culture\u00bb (2001) uk\u00e1zala, ako t\u00e1to dvojit\u00e1 povaha textu umo\u017enila jeho mimoriadny \u00fa\u010dinok v najr\u00f4znej\u0161\u00edch kult\u00farnych kontextoch.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ba74c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ba74c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c62d4e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c62d4e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zbo\u017e\u0161tenie Laoziho<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c669a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c669a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V 2. storo\u010d\u00ed po Kristovi sa za\u010dalo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u0161tenie Laoziho. V ranej taoistickej \u0161kole Tianshi (\u00abNebesk\u00ed u\u010ditelia\u00bb), zalo\u017eenej Zhang Daolingom okolo roku 142 po Kristovi, bol Laozi uctievan\u00fd ako nebesk\u00fd u\u010dite\u013e a manifest\u00e1cia Tao.<\/p><p>\u00dadajne sa zjavil Zhang Daolingovi vo viden\u00ed a odovzdal mu sv\u00e4t\u00e9 texty. Laozi tak u\u017e nebol len legend\u00e1rnym filozofom, ale kozmickou postavou s akt\u00edvnou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou funkciou.<\/p>\n\n<p>Toto zbo\u017e\u0161tenie sa v priebehu nasleduj\u00facich storo\u010d\u00ed \u010falej rozv\u00edjalo. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 a filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia zameran\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizme<\/span> doby Tang (618 a\u017e 907) bol Laozi uctievan\u00fd ako Taishang Laojun (\u00abNajvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed star\u00fd p\u00e1n\u00bb), jedno z troch hlavn\u00fdch bo\u017estiev taoistick\u00e9ho pante\u00f3nu ved\u013ea Yuanshi Tianzuna (\u00abNebesk\u00fd d\u00f4stojn\u00edk po\u010diatku\u00bb) a Lingbao Tianzuna (\u00abNebesk\u00fd d\u00f4stojn\u00edk sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho pokladu\u00bb).<\/p><p>V tejto podobe je Laozi pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v taoistick\u00fdch chr\u00e1moch \u010c\u00edny, Taiwanu a Hongkongu a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4e0da5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4e0da5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b11b74c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b11b74c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi a cis\u00e1rska politika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94e71dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94e71dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Laozi hral osobitn\u00fa \u00falohu v cis\u00e1rskej politike. Cis\u00e1ri dynastie Tang, ktor\u00ed nosili rodov\u00e9 meno Li, si n\u00e1rokovali genealogick\u00fd p\u00f4vod od Laoziho, ktor\u00fd mal ma\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 rodov\u00e9 meno Li.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to genealogick\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia sa stala ideologick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom dynastie Tang a viedla k \u0161t\u00e1tnej podpore <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmu<\/span>. Cis\u00e1r Xuanzong (vl\u00e1dol 712 a\u017e 756) udelil Laozimu titul \u00abNajsv\u00e4tej\u0161\u00ed predok, Ve\u010dn\u00fd nebesk\u00fd p\u00e1n obrovskej cnosti\u00bb a nariadil, aby sa Daodejing stal povinnou literat\u00farou pri \u0161t\u00e1tnych sk\u00fa\u0161kach.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Florian Reiter vo svojej pr\u00e1ci \u00abThe Aspirations and Standards of Taoist Priests in the Early Tang Period\u00bb (1998) uk\u00e1zal, ako \u00fazko bola n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 \u00facta k Laozimu spojen\u00e1 s politickou sebaprezent\u00e1ciou dynastie Tang.<\/span><\/p><p>Cis\u00e1rska podpora viedla k rozkvetu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmu<\/span>, k v\u00fdstavbe mnoh\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov<\/span> a k \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cii taoistickej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stanoven\u00fd poriadok bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgie<\/span>. T\u00e1to politick\u00e1 in\u0161trumentaliz\u00e1cia trvalo formovala obraz Laoziho a odli\u0161uje jeho recepciu od menej institucionalizovanej l\u00ednie konfucianizmu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f33cd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f33cd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518d1c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"518d1c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357732f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"357732f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V religionistickom v\u00fdskume sa rozli\u0161uje medzi \u00abfilozofick\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmom<\/span>\u00bb (Daojia) a \u00abn\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmom<\/span>\u00bb (Daojiao), rozdelenie, ktor\u00e9 je be\u017en\u00e9 od doby Han (206 pred Kristom a\u017e 220 po Kristovi). Toto rozl\u00ed\u0161enie je v\u0161ak problematick\u00e9, preto\u017ee oba pr\u00fady sa v historickej realite prel\u00ednaj\u00fa.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Isabelle Robinet vo svojej pr\u00e1ci \u00abTaoism: Growth of a Religion\u00bb (1997) a Harold Roth v \u00abOriginal Tao\u00bb (1999) uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee striktn\u00e9 rozdelenie neodpoved\u00e1 historick\u00fdm zisteniam adekv\u00e1tne. Aj Daodejing obsahuje pas\u00e1\u017ee, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa \u010d\u00edta\u0165 medita\u010dno-praktick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, zatia\u013e \u010do n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00fady pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa filozofick\u00e9 pojmy ako centr\u00e1lne.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Volker Olles vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizme<\/span> v Se\u010duane zdokumentoval region\u00e1lnu rozmanitos\u0165 uctievania Laoziho. V niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch je Laozi uctievan\u00fd ako kosmick\u00fd princ\u00edp, v in\u00fdch ako osobn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> s konkr\u00e9tnymi oblas\u0165ami p\u00f4sobenia (lie\u010denie, ochrana, bohatstvo).<\/p><p>T\u00e1to rozmanitos\u0165 ukazuje, \u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmus<\/span> nie je uzavret\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvom, ale \u0161irokou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou trad\u00edciou s mnoh\u00fdmi pr\u00fadmi a lok\u00e1lnymi podobami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31b6ff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e31b6ff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4de1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f4de1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Laozi v porovnan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ed944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6ed944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Porovnanie Laoziho s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi zakladate\u013emi in\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed (Konfucius, Budha, Sokrates) sa vo v\u00fdskume pr\u00edle\u017eitostne uv\u00e1dza, je v\u0161ak metodicky problematick\u00e9. Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller upozornil, \u017ee predstava jednotliv\u00e9ho zakladate\u013ea, ktor\u00e1 je prominentn\u00e1 v z\u00e1padn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch, neplat\u00ed v \u010d\u00ednskej trad\u00edcii v rovnakej miere.<\/p><p>Laozi je menej zakladate\u013eom v zmysle Jezi\u0161a alebo Mohameda, ale sk\u00f4r legend\u00e1rnou symbolickou postavou, ktor\u00e1 reprezentuje ur\u010dit\u00fa trad\u00edciu, bez toho, aby ju akt\u00edvne zalo\u017eila.<\/p>\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci \u010d\u00ednskej trad\u00edcie stoj\u00ed Laozi v jednom rade so Zhuangzim (4. storo\u010die pred Kristom), druh\u00fdm ve\u013ek\u00fdm taoistick\u00fdm autorom, ktor\u00e9ho rovnomenn\u00e9 dielo \u00abZhuangzi\u00bb m\u00e1 tie\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p><p>Obaja s\u00fa \u010dasto spolo\u010dne ozna\u010dovan\u00ed za zakladate\u013eov klasick\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmu<\/span>. Hans-Georg M\u00f6ller a Harold Roth uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee oba texty stanovuj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 filozofick\u00e9 akcenty, ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy a vz\u00e1jomne sa komentuj\u00fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae790a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ae790a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f2ade elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4f2ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manuskripty z Mawangdui a Guodianu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcdec89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcdec89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Textovohistorick\u00fd v\u00fdskum \u00abDaodejingu\u00bb bol z\u00e1sadne zmenen\u00fd dvomi archeologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezmi 20. storo\u010dia. V roku 1973 \u010d\u00ednski archeol\u00f3govia objavili v hrobke \u010d. 3 v Mawangdui pri Changsha (provincia Hunan) dva hodv\u00e1bne manuskripty textu, datovan\u00e9 na rok 168 pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom.<\/span><\/p><p>Verzie \u00abMawangdui A\u00bb a \u00abMawangdui B\u00bb vykazuj\u00fa v porovnan\u00ed s neskor\u0161\u00edm \u0161tandardn\u00fdm textom obr\u00e1ten\u00e9 usporiadanie hlavn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed: \u00ab\u010das\u0165 De\u00bb (kapitoly 38 a\u017e 81 \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho textu) predch\u00e1dza \u00ab\u010dasti Dao\u00bb (kapitoly 1 a\u017e 37).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tento n\u00e1lez sa v sinol\u00f3gii ch\u00e1pe ako ind\u00edcia star\u0161ej redakcie, predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej \u0161tandardn\u00e9mu textu. Robert G. Henricks vo svojom diele \u00abLao-Tzu. Te-Tao Ching\u00bb (New York 1989) predlo\u017eil \u00fapln\u00fd anglick\u00fd preklad mawangduisk\u00fdch verzi\u00ed s kritick\u00fdm apar\u00e1tom a upozornil na 130 podstatn\u00fdch rozdielov v \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed oproti Wang-Bi vulg\u00e1te.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd n\u00e1lez predstavuj\u00fa bambusov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy vykopan\u00e9 v roku 1993 v Guodiane (tie\u017e Hunan) z hrobky datovanej pribli\u017ene na rok 300 pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom.<\/p><p>Obsahuj\u00fa v troch zv\u00e4zkoch pribli\u017ene dve p\u00e4tiny textu Daodejingu, v podobe, ktor\u00e1 e\u0161te nie je rozdelen\u00e1 na dve \u010dasti. T\u00e1to verzia sa dnes pova\u017euje za najstar\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1lny textov\u00fd svedok komplexu Daodejing. Robert Henricks vo svojom diele \u00abLao Tzu&#8217;s Tao Te Ching.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at Guodian\u00bb (New York 2000) predlo\u017eil filologick\u00e9 prv\u00e9 vydanie; Sarah Allan a Crispin Williams v zbornom diele \u00abThe Guodian Laozi\u00bb (Berkeley 2000) diskutovali o metodick\u00fdch d\u00f4sledkoch pre ot\u00e1zku datovania.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Harold D. Roth v \u00abOriginal Tao\u00bb (New York 1999) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee bambusov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy z Guodianu zara\u010fuj\u00fa text Daodejingu ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161ieho pr\u00fadu ranej meditat\u00edvno-kozmologickej reflexie, ktorej stopy s\u00fa zachytite\u013en\u00e9 aj v \u00abNeiye\u00bb a \u00abHeguanzi\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f70d31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f70d31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477e1e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"477e1e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Koment\u00e1rov\u00e1 trad\u00edcia a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 osvojenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d530ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d530ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Produkt\u00edvne dejiny \u00fa\u010dinku Daodejingu s\u00fa nesen\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm jeho koment\u00e1rovou trad\u00edciou.<\/p><p>Tri koment\u00e1re sa v sinol\u00f3gii pova\u017euj\u00fa za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriaci k z\u00e1v\u00e4zne uzn\u00e1van\u00e9mu s\u00faboru p\u00edsomnost\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonick\u00e9<\/span>. \u201eHeshanggongov koment\u00e1r\u201c (\u201eKoment\u00e1r k Lao-c\u2019ovi od Majstra na brehu rieky\u201c), tradi\u010dne datovan\u00fd do doby Han (fakticky pravdepodobne 1. a\u017e 2. storo\u010die na\u0161ej \u00e9ry), vyklad\u00e1 text v programe telesnej sebakultiv\u00e1cie a formuje tak neskor\u0161iu daoistick\u00fa trad\u00edciu vn\u00fatornej alch\u00fdmie (neidan).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Eduard Erkes v roku 1950 publikoval v \u010dasopise \u201eArtibus Asiae\u201c prv\u00e9 systematick\u00e9 spracovanie Heshanggongovho koment\u00e1ra v z\u00e1padnom jazyku; Alan K. L. Chan v diele \u201eTwo Visions of the Way\u201c (Albany 1991) porovnal Heshanggongov koment\u00e1r s druh\u00fdm kanonick\u00fdm koment\u00e1rom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Tento druh\u00fd koment\u00e1r poch\u00e1dza od Wang Piho (226 a\u017e 249), predstavite\u013ea smeru \u201exuanxue\u201c (\u201eU\u010denie o mysteri\u00f3znom\u201c) z doby Wei-\u0164in, a preklad\u00e1 text do ontologicko-metafyzickej l\u00ednie, v ktorej sa \u201eni\u010d\u201c (\u201ewu\u201c) ch\u00e1pe ako ontologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad bytia.<\/p><p>Wang Piho koment\u00e1r trvalo formoval neskor\u0161ie \u010d\u00ednske ch\u00e1panie textu a je predlohou pre preva\u017en\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu dne\u0161n\u00fdch \u0161tandardn\u00fdch vydan\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tret\u00edm k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm koment\u00e1rom je \u201eXiang\u2019erov koment\u00e1r\u201c (\u201eV\u00fdklad s my\u0161lienkami na teba\u201c), ktor\u00fd vznikol v 2. alebo 3. storo\u010d\u00ed v kruhoch ran\u00fdch taoistov \u201eTianshi\u201c (Nebesk\u00fdch majstrov).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Stephen R. Bokenkamp v diele \u201eEarly Daoist Scriptures\u201c (Berkeley 1997) prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t \u00faplne prelo\u017eil Xiang\u2019erov koment\u00e1r do angli\u010dtiny a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie Laoziho ako osobn\u00e9ho bo\u017estva \u201eTaishang Laojun\u201c bolo plne vyvinut\u00e9 u\u017e v tejto vrstve a nevzniklo a\u017e v neskor\u0161\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch Lingbao a Shangqing.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450e76c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"450e76c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11340e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11340e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 recepcia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae2959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eae2959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daodejing je po Biblii naj\u010dastej\u0161ie prekladanou knihou na svete do in\u00fdch jazykov. Prv\u00e9 eur\u00f3pske preklady vznikli v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed; v 19. a 20. storo\u010d\u00ed spr\u00edstupnili dielo \u0161irok\u00e9mu z\u00e1padn\u00e9mu publiku prekladatelia ako Richard Wilhelm, James Legge a Arthur Waley.<\/p><p>V 20. storo\u010d\u00ed mal Laozi zna\u010dn\u00fd vplyv aj na z\u00e1padn\u00fa filozofiu, psychoterapeutick\u00fa trad\u00edciu a ezoterick\u00e9 hnutie, \u010dasto v silne zjednodu\u0161enej a z\u00e1padne prepracovanej forme.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdskum Laoziho je dnes medzin\u00e1rodnou oblas\u0165ou, na ktorej sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa \u010d\u00ednski, taiwansk\u00ed, japonsk\u00ed, eur\u00f3pski a americk\u00ed sinol\u00f3govia. Diskusie o datovan\u00ed, dejin\u00e1ch textu, filozofickom v\u00fdklade a n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej funkcii s\u00fa st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00e9.<\/p><p>Jeden z\u00e1ver doteraj\u0161ieho v\u00fdskumu mo\u017eno zhrn\u00fa\u0165 takto: ot\u00e1zka historick\u00e9ho Laoziho je mo\u017eno menej d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 ne\u017e ot\u00e1zka dej\u00edn \u00fa\u010dinku textov, ktor\u00e9 sa mu pripisuj\u00fa a ktor\u00e9 patria k najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm dielam svetovej literat\u00fary a dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3217,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Laozi","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Laozi \u2013 zakladate\u013e taoizmu | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Laozi je mytick\u00fd zakladate\u013e taoizmu a autor Daodejingu. 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