{"id":158102,"date":"2026-09-04T22:21:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158102"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:51:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:51:17","slug":"hwanin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/hwanin\/","title":{"rendered":"Hwanin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158102\" class=\"elementor elementor-158102 elementor-3053 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a485098 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a485098\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1badc31 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1badc31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1459092 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1459092\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd092d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cd092d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanin, najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nebesk\u00fd boh K\u00f3rey<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ec249e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ec249e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hwanin je ako najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nebesk\u00fd boh K\u00f3rey v zakladate\u013eskom m\u00fdte star\u00fdm otcom legend\u00e1rneho zakladate\u013ea r\u00ed\u0161e Dangguna. Hwanin (k\u00f3rejsky \ud658\uc778, \u6853\u56e0) je v k\u00f3rejskom zakladate\u013eskom m\u00fdte najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm nebesk\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcom a star\u00fdm otcom mytick\u00e9ho praotca Dangguna.<\/p><p>Jeho postava sa sp\u00e1ja s k\u00f3rejskou identitou ako \u201e\u013eud z neba&#8220; a stoj\u00ed na po\u010diatku najstar\u0161ej dolo\u017eenej geneal\u00f3gie k\u00f3rejsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm p\u00edsomn\u00fdm prame\u0148om je \u201eSamguk Yusa&#8220; (\u201eZachovan\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o Troch kr\u00e1\u013eovstv\u00e1ch&#8220;), ktor\u00e9 zostavil buddhistick\u00fd mn\u00edch Iryeon (1206 a\u017e 1289) v roku 1281.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104a22b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"104a22b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e516c19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"e516c19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Personifikovan\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne kult\u00fary s jasn\u00fdmi p\u00f4sobnos\u0165ami \u2013 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 sily, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00fd kultmi, obetami a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdmi in\u0161tit\u00faciami.\">Boh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/korea\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd svet bohov, \u0161amanov a \u013eudov\u00fdch duchov.\">K\u00f3rea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dc93ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dc93ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92fbe17 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"92fbe17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__92fbe17\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__92fbe17\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__92fbe17\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e37b7dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e37b7dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6018d iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d6018d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hwanin-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159702\" alt=\"Hwanin \u2013 bohovia z k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hwanin-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hwanin-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hwanin-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_hwanin.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e79210a e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e79210a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a98f142 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a98f142\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7977b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7977b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage und textgeschichtlicher Hintergrund<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26f8221 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26f8221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201eSamguk Yusa&#8220; je hlavn\u00fdm prame\u0148om pre trad\u00edciu o Hwaninovi. Iryeon sa v \u0148om oprel o star\u0161ie, dnes straten\u00e9 texty ako \u201eGogi&#8220; (\u201eStar\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy&#8220;), ktor\u00e9 pravdepodobne poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z neskor\u00e9ho obdobia Goryeo.<\/p><p>Druh\u00fdm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm prame\u0148om je \u201eSamguk Sagi&#8220; (\u201eDejiny Troch kr\u00e1\u013eovstiev&#8220;) od Kim Busika (1145), ktor\u00fd je v\u0161ak konfuci\u00e1nsko-racionalistick\u00fd a mytick\u00e9 elementy do ve\u013ekej miery vynech\u00e1va. Hwanin sa tam nevyskytuje. Naproti tomu \u201eJewang Ungi&#8220; od Yi Seunghyua z roku 1287 ho spom\u00edna vo ver\u0161ovanom pr\u00edbehu, ktor\u00fd vznikol paralelne s Iryeonov\u00fdm dielom.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>James Grayson v diele \u201eKorea: A Religious History&#8220; (1989) zrekon\u0161truoval dejiny prame\u0148ov a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee p\u00edsomn\u00e9 zaznamenanie trad\u00edcie o Dangunovi a Hwaninovi sa uskuto\u010dnilo a\u017e v neskorom obdob\u00ed Goryeo, mo\u017eno ako reakcia na mongolsk\u00fa nadvl\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p><p>Hong-Key Yoon upozornil, \u017ee mytick\u00e1 geneal\u00f3gia hrala d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri kon\u0161truovan\u00ed k\u00f3rejskej kolekt\u00edvnej identity vo\u010di mongolskej dominancii. Maurizio Riotto podrobne sk\u00famal buddhistick\u00e9 spracovanie u Iryeona.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cdde47 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0cdde47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f1e3ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f1e3ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Postavenie v Dangunovom m\u00fdte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-428db25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"428db25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdte<\/span> je Hwanin najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm nebesk\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcom (cheonje) a otcom Hwanunga, ktor\u00fd je zase otcom Dangguna. Hwanung chce zost\u00fapi\u0165 na zem, aby vzdel\u00e1val \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jeho otec Hwanin mu na to d\u00e1va tri nebesk\u00e9 pe\u010date (\u201echeonbu inseo&#8220;), ktor\u00e9 osved\u010duj\u00fa jeho autoritu ako syna neba, a posiela ho spolu s 3000 sprievodcami na horu Taebaek (dnes v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou identifikovan\u00fa s vrchom Baekdu). Tam Hwanung zalo\u017e\u00ed \u201eMesto boha&#8220; (\u201eSin-si&#8220;) a u\u010d\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed 360 umeniam \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n<p>Na hore \u017eij\u00fa medve\u010f a tiger, ktor\u00ed chc\u00fa z\u00edska\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00fa podobu. Hwanung im d\u00e1 palinu a cesnak a nariadi im 100 dn\u00ed posti\u0165 sa v jaskyni. Tiger to vzd\u00e1, medve\u010f v\u0161ak vydr\u017e\u00ed a zmen\u00ed sa na kr\u00e1snu \u017eenu Ungnyeo, ktor\u00e1 s Hwanungom splod\u00ed praotca Dangguna.<\/p><p>Dangun nesk\u00f4r zalo\u017e\u00ed mytick\u00fa r\u00ed\u0161u Joseon, ktor\u00fa stredovek\u00e9 texty datuj\u00fa do roku 2333 pred Kristom. Hwanin samotn\u00fd zost\u00e1va po cel\u00fd \u010das na nebi a priamo nezasahuje do pozemsk\u00fdch udalost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9729f85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9729f85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57a6015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57a6015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-839c0a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"839c0a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno Hwanin sa v najstar\u0161\u00edch textoch p\u00ed\u0161e po \u010d\u00ednsky ako \u6853\u56e0. Iryeon s\u00e1m poznamen\u00e1va, \u017ee ide o fonetick\u00fd prepis a \u017ee Hwanin je in\u00e9 meno indick\u00e9ho boha Indru (\u0160akra Dev\u00e1n\u00e1m Indra, v mah\u00e1j\u00e1novom buddhizme Sakra).<\/p><p>T\u00e1to identifik\u00e1cia najprv prekvapuje, ale vypl\u00fdva z Iryeonovho buddhistick\u00e9ho vzdelania. V buddhistickej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o \u0161trukt\u00fare a poriadku sveta v r\u00e1mci kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3gii<\/span> je Indra vl\u00e1dcom bohov Trajastrim\u0161a a funk\u010dne zodpoved\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161iemu nebesk\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dcovi.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker v diele \u201eKorean Spirituality&#8220; (2008) analyzoval v\u00fdznam tejto buddhistickej identifik\u00e1cie a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Iryeon s \u0148ou sp\u00e1jal dve funkcie: zakotvenie k\u00f3rejsk\u00e9ho zakladate\u013esk\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu v panbuddhistickej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o \u0161trukt\u00fare a poriadku sveta v r\u00e1mci kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3gii<\/span> a zv\u00fd\u0161enie prest\u00ed\u017ee n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu prostredn\u00edctvom spojenia s jedn\u00fdm z centr\u00e1lnych bo\u017estiev buddhistick\u00e9ho sveta.<\/span><\/p><p>Antonetta Bruno vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o k\u00f3rejsk\u00fdch dejin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva navrhla, \u017ee Hwanin bol v predbuddhistickej forme dom\u00e1cim nebesk\u00fdm bohom, ktor\u00e9ho ozna\u010denie bolo a\u017e nesk\u00f4r zos\u00faladen\u00e9 s buddhistick\u00fdm Indrom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfef6e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dfef6e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85af212 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85af212\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcia v n\u00e1bo\u017eenskom syst\u00e9me<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43cf096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43cf096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozdiel od svojho syna Hwanunga a vnuka Dangguna sa Hwanin v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdte<\/span> neobjavuje ako akt\u00edvny \u010dinite\u013e. Vysiela, poveruje a osved\u010duje, ale s\u00e1m nezasahuje. Jeho \u00falohou je by\u0165 transcendentn\u00fdm bohom v pozad\u00ed, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje svet zhora bez toho, aby zasahoval do jeho osudov.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom bez v\u00e4zby na vieru.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religionistika<\/span> pozn\u00e1 tento typ ako \u201edeus otiosus&#8220;, \u201ene\u010dinn\u00e9ho boha&#8220;, ktor\u00fd sa pod\u013ea Mirceu Eliadeho v mnoh\u00fdch indog\u00e9nnych n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch na konci v\u00fdvoja dost\u00e1va na okraj pante\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Boudewijn Walraven vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o k\u00f3rejskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v ktorom \u0161pecialisti komunikuj\u00fa so svetom duchov.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanizme<\/span> upozornil, \u017ee Hwanin v \u0161amanskej praxi hr\u00e1 len mal\u00fa \u00falohu, zatia\u013e \u010do jeho syn Hwanung a vnuk Dangun s\u00fa uctievan\u00ed aspo\u0148 v horsk\u00fdch kultoch.<\/p><p>Toto rozdelenie zodpoved\u00e1 klasick\u00e9mu vzoru, v ktorom najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh zost\u00e1va v pozad\u00ed, zatia\u013e \u010do akt\u00edvne bo\u017estv\u00e1 alebo hrdinovia s\u00fa predmetom priameho uctievania.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ac01f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ac01f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2f905f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2f905f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanin a Daejonggyo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31249ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31249ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na konci 19. a za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia vznikla v K\u00f3rei n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 reformn\u00e1 hnutie Daejonggyo, ktor\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o Dangunovi a Hwaninovi premenilo na modern\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 u\u010denie.<\/p><p>Daejonggyo, ktor\u00e9 v roku 1909 zalo\u017eil Na Cheol, uctieva \u00absv\u00e4t\u00fa trojicu\u00bb tvoren\u00fa Hwaninom (stvorite\u013eom), Hwanungom (tvorcom sveta) a Dangunom (praotcom), ktor\u00ed s\u00fa ch\u00e1pan\u00ed ako tri aspekty jedinej bo\u017eskej skuto\u010dnosti. T\u00e1to teologick\u00e1 koncepcia nemala v predkres\u0165anskom k\u00f3rejskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve \u017eiadny predchodca a predstavuje tvoriv\u00fa synt\u00e9zu kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch, budhistick\u00fdch a \u013eudovon\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch prvkov.<\/p>\n\n<p>Don Baker a James Grayson analyzovali v\u00fdznam Daejonggya pre formovanie k\u00f3rejskej identity v obdob\u00ed koloniz\u00e1cie. Japonsk\u00e1 koloni\u00e1lna spr\u00e1va toto hnutie intenz\u00edvne prenasledovala, preto\u017ee bolo pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za nosite\u013ea n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho k\u00f3rejsk\u00e9ho povedomia. Dnes m\u00e1 Daejonggyo len m\u00e1lo pr\u00edvr\u017eencov, av\u0161ak ako str\u00e1\u017eca mytologickej trad\u00edcie zohralo d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa kult\u00farnu \u00falohu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f3d62 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33f3d62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fec7371 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fec7371\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Politick\u00fd a n\u00e1rodn\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cfe3d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9cfe3d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trad\u00edcia Hwanina m\u00e1 okrem n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej sf\u00e9ry aj siln\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Mytick\u00fd po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd bod, rok 2333 pred Kristom, sa v k\u00f3rejskej historiografii ch\u00e1pe ako za\u010diatok \u00ab\u0161tvrt\u00e9ho tis\u00edcro\u010dia\u00bb (kalend\u00e1r Dangi). Po\u010das koloniz\u00e1cie, ke\u010f sa japonsk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va sna\u017eila potla\u010di\u0165 k\u00f3rejsk\u00fa identitu, sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o Dangunovi a Hwaninovi stal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ktor\u00fd zastupuje predstavu alebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolom<\/span> odporu.<\/p><p>Aj v modernej K\u00f3rejskej republike a v Severnej K\u00f3rei sa t\u00e1to trad\u00edcia \u0161t\u00e1tne vyu\u017e\u00edva, hoci rozdielnym sp\u00f4sobom: na juhu sk\u00f4r ako kult\u00farne dedi\u010dstvo, na severe ako historick\u00e1 skuto\u010dnos\u0165 s politickou funkciou.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hong-Key Yoon vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o kult\u00farnej geografii K\u00f3rey uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee mytick\u00e9 umiestnenie Hwanunga na vrchu Baekdu m\u00e1 aj dnes v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam, preto\u017ee t\u00e1to hora sa nach\u00e1dza na hranici medzi K\u00f3reou a \u010c\u00ednou a jej ozna\u010denie za sv\u00e4t\u00fa h\u043e\u0440\u0443 je v oboch \u0161t\u00e1tnych trad\u00edci\u00e1ch sporn\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1689f05 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1689f05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e22b8c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e22b8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdskum a diskusia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-409982b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"409982b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Hwanina \u010del\u00ed \u0165a\u017ekosti spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00facej v tom, \u017ee ide o trad\u00edciu, ktor\u00e1 bola p\u00edsomne zachyten\u00e1 a\u017e neskoro a jej star\u0161ie vrstvy nie s\u00fa priamo dostupn\u00e9. Antonetta Bruno, Boudewijn Walraven, James Grayson, Don Baker a Maurizio Riotto predlo\u017eili v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie metodologick\u00e9 objasnenia.<\/p><p>Zhoduj\u00fa sa v tom, \u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> vo svojej p\u00edsomnej forme je produktom neskorej doby dynastie Goryeo, ale vych\u00e1dza zo star\u0161\u00edch \u00fastnych trad\u00edci\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch presn\u00fa podobu u\u017e nemo\u017eno rekon\u0161truova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<p>S\u00favislos\u0165 so sib\u00edrskou a mongolskou trad\u00edciou P\u00e1na neba (tengrizmus) sa vo v\u00fdskume rozober\u00e1 opatrne. Niektor\u00e9 paralely, napr\u00edklad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> nebesk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu a troj\u010dlenn\u00e1 geneal\u00f3gia, nazna\u010duj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00fd severo\u00e1zijsk\u00fd p\u00f4vod, hoci to nemo\u017eno jednozna\u010dne zaradi\u0165 do konkr\u00e9tnej religionisticko-historickej l\u00ednie.<\/p><p>Maurizio Riotto upozornil, \u017ee \u0161truktur\u00e1lna podobnos\u0165 nemus\u00ed znamena\u0165 genetick\u00fa pr\u00edbuznos\u0165, ale m\u00f4\u017ee vyjadrova\u0165 typologick\u00fa pr\u00edbuznos\u0165 medzi nebesk\u00fdmi bo\u017estvami v altajsko-uralsk\u00fdch a susedn\u00fdch kult\u00farach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c81cc97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c81cc97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc1eb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fc1eb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hwanin v modernom k\u00f3rejskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskom priestore<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43b0d19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43b0d19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V dne\u0161nej Ju\u017enej K\u00f3rei nie je Hwanin, s v\u00fdnimkou relat\u00edvne malej komunity Daejonggyo, priamo uctievan\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvom<\/span>. Zost\u00e1va v\u0161ak pr\u00edtomn\u00fd ako vzdel\u00e1vacie dedi\u010dstvo a referen\u010dn\u00fd bod n\u00e1rodnej pam\u00e4ti.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o Dangunovi a Hwaninovi sa v u\u010debniciach predstavuje ako kult\u00farne dedi\u010dstvo bez toho, aby sa povy\u0161oval na historick\u00fa skuto\u010dnos\u0165. V Severnej K\u00f3rei pchjongjangsk\u00e1 historiografick\u00e1 \u0161kola tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> \u010diasto\u010dne poklad\u00e1 za historick\u00fd fakt, \u010do je v medzin\u00e1rodnom v\u00fdskume hodnoten\u00e9 kriticky.<\/p>\n\n<p>Aj v k\u00f3rejsk\u00fdch kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch cirkv\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 dnes zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa zna\u010dn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 obyvate\u013estva, sa t\u00e1to trad\u00edcia pr\u00edle\u017eitostne recipuje.<\/p><p>Niektor\u00ed k\u00f3rejsk\u00ed protestantsk\u00ed teol\u00f3govia vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa Hwanina ako kult\u00farny bod nadv\u00e4znosti pri hl\u00e1san\u00ed biblick\u00e9ho Boha, \u010do Don Baker pop\u00edsal ako typick\u00fd proces teologickej akultur\u00e1cie. Toto pou\u017eitie nie je bez sporu, preto\u017ee si n\u00e1rokuje mytick\u00fa osobitos\u0165 Hwanina pre cudziu trad\u00edciu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba469f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba469f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2703be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2703be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Archeologick\u00e1 diskusia a prehistorick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2837ad2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2837ad2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdskum k\u00f3rejskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pravek\u00fd \u00fasek, v ktorom bola bronz najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm kovom na v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1strojov.\" tabindex=\"0\">doby bronzovej<\/span> vyvolal ot\u00e1zku, \u010di sa Dangun-Hwaninov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a usporiadan\u00ed sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> vz\u0165ahuje na re\u00e1lne skor\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1tne \u00fatvary. Liaoningsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pravek\u00fd \u00fasek, v ktorom bola bronz najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm kovom na v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1strojov.\" tabindex=\"0\">doba bronzov\u00e1<\/span> (pribli\u017ene 1500 a\u017e 300 pred Kristom) so svojimi charakteristick\u00fdmi d\u00fdkami v tvare mandol\u00edny a mnohouholn\u00edkov\u00fdmi zrkadlami sa pova\u017euje za materi\u00e1lny z\u00e1klad ran\u00e9ho k\u00f3rejsk\u00e9ho kult\u00farneho priestoru.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Sarah Nelsonov\u00e1 vo svojej pr\u00e1ci \u00abThe Archaeology of Korea\u00bb (1993) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee mytick\u00e9 datovanie 2333 pred Kristom nie je archeologicky dolo\u017een\u00e9, no doba bronzov\u00e1 na Liaodongskom polostrove a v severnej K\u00f3rei predstavuje re\u00e1lnu kult\u00farnu jednotu, z ktorej mohla neskor\u0161ia trad\u00edcia o Dangunovi vych\u00e1dza\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Mark Byington vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o ranom Gojoseone pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee historick\u00e1 existencia \u0161t\u00e1tu Gojoseon z doby bronzovej je archeologicky pravdepodobn\u00e1, no mytick\u00e1 geneal\u00f3gia s Hwaninom ako nebesk\u00fdm p\u00f4vodom bola doplnen\u00e1 druhotne.<\/p><p>Severok\u00f3rejsk\u00fd v\u00fdskum od 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia prezentuje \u00fadajn\u00e9 \u00abDangunovo pohrebisko\u00bb pri Pchjongjangu, datovan\u00e9 na pribli\u017ene 5000 rokov, \u010do je v\u0161ak v medzin\u00e1rodnej odbornej obci hodnoten\u00e9 ako politicky motivovan\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia. Pankaj Mohan a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed b\u00e1datelia zdokumentovali metodologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my tohto datovania.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f03d26e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f03d26e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a34a24e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a34a24e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Porovn\u00e1vacia mytol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-407431f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"407431f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Postava Hwanina typologicky zapad\u00e1 do radu severo\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch nebesk\u00fdch bo\u017estiev. Mongolsk\u00fd Tenger (\u201enebo\u201c), tureck\u00fd Tengri a mand\u017eusk\u00fd Abka enduri s\u00fa najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi p\u00e1nmi neba s podobn\u00fdm postaven\u00edm.<\/p><p>Roger Janelli a Dawnhee Yim Janelliov\u00e1 vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o k\u00f3rejskom \u013eudovom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve rozpracovali \u0161truktur\u00e1lne paralely medzi k\u00f3rejsk\u00fdm Hananimom, mongolsk\u00fdm Tengerom a \u010d\u00ednskym Tianom (\u201enebo\u201c). V\u0161etky tri koncepty ozna\u010duj\u00fa transcendentn\u00e9ho nebesk\u00e9ho p\u00e1na, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed nad pozemsk\u00fdm dian\u00edm a p\u00f4sob\u00ed na zem prostredn\u00edctvom sprostredkuj\u00facej bytosti alebo syna.<\/p>\n<p>Osobitn\u00e1 paralela sa objavuje s japonsk\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a usporiadan\u00ed sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtom<\/span> o Ninigi-no-Mikotovi v diele \u00abKojiki\u00bb (712) a \u00abNihon Shoki\u00bb (720). Aj tam vysiela najvy\u0161\u0161ie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> (Amaterasu, respekt\u00edve v hlb\u0161om pozad\u00ed Ame-no-Minakanushi) na zem bo\u017esk\u00e9ho vnuka, ktor\u00fd sa st\u00e1va praotcom vl\u00e1dnucej dynastie.<\/p><p>Maurizio Riotto analyzoval t\u00fato paralelu ako typologick\u00fd vzor v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijskej kr\u00e1\u013eovskej ideol\u00f3gie: najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh zost\u00e1va na nebi, sprostredkuj\u00faca bytos\u0165 odovzd\u00e1va bo\u017esk\u00fa autoritu na zem. Ot\u00e1zka, \u010di ide o genetick\u00fa pr\u00edbuznos\u0165 alebo nez\u00e1visl\u00fd paraleln\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, nie je definit\u00edvne zodpovedan\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b659d07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b659d07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc077cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc077cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zdroje a literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-848f1e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"848f1e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Prim\u00e1rne prame\u0148e: Iryeon, \u00abSamguk Yusa\u00bb (1281), kritick\u00fd nemeck\u00fd \u010diasto\u010dn\u00fd preklad od Vosa a Riotta; Yi Seunghyu, \u00abJewang Ungi\u00bb (1287); Kim Busik, \u00abSamguk Sagi\u00bb (1145).<\/p><p>Sekund\u00e1rna literat\u00fara:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>James H. Grayson, \u00abKorea: A Religious History\u00bb (Oxford 1989, 2. vydanie 2002) a \u00abMyths and Legends from Korea\u00bb (Richmond 2001).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker, \u00abKorean Spirituality\u00bb (Honolulu 2008).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Maurizio Riotto, \u00abLa leggenda di Tan&#8217;gun\u00bb (Cassino 1994).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Antonetta Bruno, \u00abThe Gate of Words: Language in the Rituals of Korean Shamans\u00bb (Leiden 2002).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Boudewijn Walraven, \u00abSongs of the Shaman\u00bb (London 1994).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hong-Key Yoon, \u00abThe Culture of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1uka o harmonickom usporiadan\u00ed stavieb a priestorov.\" tabindex=\"0\">Feng\u0161uej<\/span> in Korea\u00bb (Lanham 2006).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sarah Nelson, \u00abThe Archaeology of Korea\u00bb (Cambridge 1993).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Mark Byington, \u00abThe History and Archaeology of the Koguryo Kingdom\u00bb a state v \u00abThe Han Commanderies in Early Korean History\u00bb (Cambridge MA 2013).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-nosnippet>K severok\u00f3rejskej dangunskej konstrukcii: Pankaj Mohan, \u00abRescuing a Stone from Nationalism\u00bb, in \u00abJournal of Inner and East Asian Studies\u00bb (2004).<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3244,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hwanin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hwanin \u2013 Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nebesk\u00fd boh K\u00f3rey | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hwanin je nebesk\u00fd praotec K\u00f3rey, otec Hwanunga a star\u00fd otec Dangguna, 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