{"id":158101,"date":"2026-09-04T22:21:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158101"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:51:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:51:15","slug":"tsongkhapa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/tsongkhapa\/","title":{"rendered":"Tsongkhapa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158101\" class=\"elementor elementor-158101 elementor-3052 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff07ec5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ff07ec5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2587cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2587cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2283551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2283551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c119749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tsongkhapa, zakladate\u013e \u0161koly Gelug<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f77872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f77872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa Lobsang Dragpa (1357 a\u017e 1419) bol tibetsk\u00fd u\u010denec, reform\u00e1tor kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9ho \u017eivota a zakladate\u013e trad\u00edcie Gelug (\u00ab\u0161kola cnostn\u00fdch\u00bb), ktor\u00e1 je od 17. storo\u010dia n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm a politicky dominantn\u00fdm pr\u00fadom v tibetskom budhizme.<\/p><p>Z tejto \u0161koly vzi\u0161la l\u00ednia dalajl\u00e1mov a pan\u010denl\u00e1mov. Tsongkhapa je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch systematikov v dejin\u00e1ch tibetsk\u00e9ho budhizmu a svoj\u00edm rozsiahlym dielom, ako aj zalo\u017een\u00edm kl\u00e1\u0161tora Ganden, formoval scholastick\u00fa trad\u00edciu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab9f544 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ab9f544\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c85aa6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c85aa6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Personifikovan\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne kult\u00fary, s jasn\u00fdmi zodpovednos\u0165ami \u2014 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 sily, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom kultov, obet\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.\">Boh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/tibet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tibetsko-buddhistick\u00e1 a b\u00f6nsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia \u2014 jidam, dharmap\u00e1la, svet n\u00e1gov.\">Tibet<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9c56ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9c56ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d86f7 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"16d86f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__16d86f7\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-473c36f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"473c36f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07c53db iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"07c53db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159676\" alt=\"Congkapa - bohovia z tibetskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_tsongkhapa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5b4e8 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec5b4e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c96e6c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c96e6c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"238d336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u017divotn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh a biografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54cceea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54cceea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa sa narodil vo v\u00fdchodotibetskej oblasti Amdo, v dne\u0161nej provincii Qinghai. Jeho rodisko sa identifikuje s Tsongkhou, \u010do mu prinieslo pr\u00edmenie \u00abmu\u017e z Tsongkhy\u00bb. Prv\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1 absolvoval v bl\u00edzkom kl\u00e1\u0161tore l\u00edni\u00ed nyingma a kadampa.<\/p><p>V \u0161estn\u00e1stich rokoch odi\u0161iel do centr\u00e1lneho Tibetu, kde \u0161tudoval na ve\u013ek\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161toroch Sangphu a Nethang. Po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich troch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed sa pohyboval medzi viacer\u00fdmi kl\u00e1\u0161tormi a u\u010dil sa u u\u010dite\u013eov v\u0161etk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 boli v tom \u010dase v\u00fdznamn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>Robert Thurman podrobne op\u00edsal Tsongkhapov \u017eivotn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh v diele \u00abLife and Teachings of Tsong Khapa\u00bb (1982) a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee jeho vzdel\u00e1vacia politika bola z\u00e1merne zameran\u00e1 na integr\u00e1ciu v\u0161etk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed \u0161t\u00fadia svojej doby.<\/p><p>Jeho najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm u\u010dite\u013eom pre \u0161t\u00fadium <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme stru\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatr<\/span> bol Drakpa Gyaltsen, pre tantrick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1 to boli predov\u0161etk\u00fdm Khedrup Je a Gyaltsab Je. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm u\u010dite\u013eom bol majster \u0161koly Sakya Rendawa Shy\u00f6nnu Lodr\u00f6, ktor\u00fd ho \u0161kolil najm\u00e4 v madhyamakovej filozofii. T\u00e1to \u0161irok\u00e1 vzdelanostn\u00e1 z\u00e1klad\u0148a formovala neskor\u0161\u00ed profil \u0161koly Gelug.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f64bbb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f64bbb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f9ab83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f9ab83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00fd program<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bbbea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bbbea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapov filozofick\u00fd program smeroval k d\u00f4sledn\u00e9mu spojeniu u\u010denej trad\u00edcie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme stru\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatr<\/span> a tantrickej praxe.<\/p><p>Trval na tom, \u017ee obe cesty sa musia absolvova\u0165 v usporiadanom porad\u00ed: najprv z\u00e1klady kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9ho pravidla (vinaja), potom systematick\u00e1 filozofia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme stru\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatr<\/span> pod\u013ea madhyamakov\u00fdch a pram\u00e1nov\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, a nakoniec tantrick\u00e9 zasv\u00e4tenia a praktiky. Toto usporiadanie sa stalo z\u00e1kladom reformy \u0161t\u00fadia v \u0161kole Gelug a normou pre neskor\u0161ie tibetsk\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jeho najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm dielom je \u00abLam Rim Chenmo\u00bb, \u00abVe\u013ek\u00fd postupn\u00fd v\u00fdklad cesty k osvieteniu\u00bb, dokon\u010den\u00fd v roku 1402, ktor\u00fd predstavuje duchovn\u00fa cestu b\u00f3dhisattvu v troch stup\u0148och (n\u00edzka, stredn\u00e1 a vy\u0161\u0161ia motiv\u00e1cia).<\/p><p>Donald Lopez a Joshua Cutler prelo\u017eili toto dielo do angli\u010dtiny vo viacer\u00fdch zv\u00e4zkoch a vysvetlili jeho filozofick\u00e9 predpoklady. Pova\u017euje sa za \u00fastredn\u00fa u\u010debnicu trad\u00edcie Gelug a v kl\u00e1\u0161toroch sa dodnes memoruje a komentuje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157b82d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"157b82d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b04173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b04173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interpret\u00e1cia madhyamaky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8154cdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8154cdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vo filozofickej oblasti je Tsongkhapa zn\u00e1my predov\u0161etk\u00fdm svojou interpret\u00e1ciou madhyamakovej \u0161koly N\u00e1g\u00e1rd\u017euny. Zast\u00e1val takzvan\u00fa poz\u00edciu \u00abprasangika-madhyamaka\u00bb, ktor\u00e1 odmietala ak\u00e9ko\u013evek obsahov\u00e9 v\u00fdroky o kone\u010dnej realite a d\u00f4sledne dialekticky rozv\u00edjala u\u010denie o \u00abpr\u00e1zdnote\u00bb (\u0161\u00fanjat\u00e1).<\/p><p>Jeho hlavn\u00fdm dielom v tejto oblasti je \u00abJasnos\u0165 my\u0161lienok\u00bb (\u00abdgongs pa rab gsal\u00bb), v ktorom prevzal koment\u00e1rov\u00fa trad\u00edciu indick\u00e9ho madhjamika \u010candrak\u00edrtiho a obhajoval ju proti odli\u0161n\u00fdm v\u00fdkladom.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n v diele \u00abA Dose of Emptiness\u00bb (1992) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Tsongkhapovo ch\u00e1panie madhyamaky sa v rozhoduj\u00facich bodoch odli\u0161ovalo od skor\u0161\u00edch tibetsk\u00fdch v\u00fdkladov. Odmietal predov\u0161etk\u00fdm predstavu, \u017ee pr\u00e1zdnotu mo\u017eno ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako vlastn\u00e9, pozit\u00edvne ur\u010dite\u013en\u00e9 absol\u00fatum.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to poz\u00edcia vyvolala n\u00e1mietky zo strany \u0161k\u00f4l Nyingma a Sakya, ktor\u00fdch predstavitelia mu vy\u010d\u00edtali pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00fa negativitu. Spor o pr\u00e1zdnotu, ktor\u00fd t\u00fdm vznikol, formoval tibetsk\u00fa filozofiu na nieko\u013eko storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3deba7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3deba7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea81549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea81549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tantrick\u00e9 diela<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b27c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0b27c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Okrem \u0161t\u00fadia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme stru\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatr<\/span> bol Tsongkhapa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm u\u010dencom a praktikom najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch tantrick\u00fdch j\u00f3g. Jeho dielo \u00absngags rim chen mo\u00bb (\u00abVe\u013ek\u00fd postupn\u00fd v\u00fdklad mantier\u00bb, 1405) je tantrick\u00fdm protip\u00f3lom diela \u00abLam Rim Chenmo\u00bb.<\/p><p>Usporad\u00fava tantrick\u00e9 praktiky do \u0161tyroch tried (krij\u00e1-, \u010darj\u00e1-, j\u00f3ga- a anuttaraj\u00f3ga-tantra) a pre ka\u017ed\u00fa ud\u00e1va predpoklady, met\u00f3dy a v\u00fdsledky. Toto systematick\u00e9 usporiadanie sa stalo z\u00e1kladom tantrick\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania v \u0161kole Gelug.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tsongkhapa bol tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm koment\u00e1torom Guhyasam\u00e1d\u017ea-tantry, ktor\u00fa pova\u017eoval za najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161iu anuttaraj\u00f3ga-tantru. Predmetom jeho intenz\u00edvnej koment\u00e1rskej \u010dinnosti boli aj \u010cakrasamvara-tantra a Jam\u00e1ntaka-tantra. Christian Wedemeyer vo svojich \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch o \u00c1rjad\u00e9vovi a \u010candrak\u00edrtim uk\u00e1zal, ako Tsongkhapa spojil tantrick\u00fa trad\u00edciu s madhyamakovou filozofiou do jednotnej celkovej koncepcie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b335914 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b335914\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd96f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd96f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zalo\u017eenie kl\u00e1\u0161tora Ganden a ve\u013ek\u00e1 modlitba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a857d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a857d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V roku 1409 Tsongkhapa inicioval \u00abMonlam Chenmo\u00bb, \u00abVe\u013ek\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1tenie \u010dloveka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitbu<\/span> z Lhasy\u00bb, dvadsa\u0165jedend\u0148ov\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fd sviatok, ktor\u00fd sa konal ka\u017edoro\u010dne na tibetsk\u00fd Nov\u00fd rok a zhroma\u017e\u010foval tis\u00edce mn\u00edchov a laikov.<\/p><p>Tento sviatok ustanovil Tsongkhapovo reformn\u00e9 hnutie ako vidite\u013en\u00fa veli\u010dinu v n\u00e1bo\u017eenskom \u017eivote Tibetu. V tom istom roku zalo\u017eil kl\u00e1\u0161tor Ganden na hore v\u00fdchodne od Lhasy, ktor\u00fd sa stal matersk\u00fdm kl\u00e1\u0161torom trad\u00edcie Gelug.<\/p>\n\n<p>O nieko\u013eko rokov nesk\u00f4r nasledovalo zalo\u017eenie kl\u00e1\u0161torov Drepung (1416, Jamyang Choje, \u017eiak Tsongkhapy) a Sera (1419, Sakya Yeshe, tie\u017e \u017eiak). Tieto tri kl\u00e1\u0161tory, \u00abtri s\u00eddla u\u010denosti\u00bb, sa rozr\u00e1stli na najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9 komplexy tibetsk\u00e9ho budhizmu a vo svojom rozkvete v ka\u017edom z nich \u017eilo nieko\u013eko tis\u00edc mn\u00edchov.<\/p><p>Per S\u00f8rensen vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o dejin\u00e1ch tibetsk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161torov uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee vlna zakladania kl\u00e1\u0161torov \u0161koly Gelug na za\u010diatku 15. storo\u010dia prinieslo hospod\u00e1rsku a politick\u00fa premenu centr\u00e1lneho Tibetu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68a198a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68a198a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31e0675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31e0675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reforma kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9ho poriadku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83c8358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83c8358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa kl\u00e1dol ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz na striktn\u00e9 dodr\u017eiavanie vinaje, mn\u00ed\u0161skych pravidiel. Kritizoval v jeho dobe roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 zmie\u0161avanie kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fdch pravidiel s tantrickou praxou a trval na tom, aby mn\u00edsi \u017eili v celib\u00e1te a dodr\u017eiavali tradi\u010dn\u00e9 stravovacie predpisy.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to striktnos\u0165 mu vynieslo pr\u00edvlastok \u201edruh\u00fd Budha&#8220; (\u201esangs rgyas gnyis pa&#8220;), ktor\u00fd sa v gelugskej trad\u00edcii pou\u017e\u00edva a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00fdch dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Reforma sa dotkla aj poriadku \u0161t\u00fadia. Tsongkhapa zaviedol pevn\u00fd cyklus hlavn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed: vinaja, abhidharma, pramana, madhjamaka a prad\u017e\u0148\u00e1p\u00e1ramit\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadium trvalo nieko\u013eko rokov a kon\u010dilo sa di\u0161putami a sk\u00fa\u0161kami.<\/p><p>Syst\u00e9m \u201ege\u0161e sk\u00fa\u0161ok&#8220;, ktor\u00fd zalo\u017eil, viedol napokon k titulu \u201ege\u0161e lharampa&#8220;, najvy\u0161\u0161iemu akademick\u00e9mu stup\u0148u gelugskej \u0161koly. Donald Lopez v diele \u201eThe Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8220; (2006) spracoval epistemick\u00fd a in\u0161titucion\u00e1lny v\u00fdznam tejto reformy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3008 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29b3008\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-890b427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"890b427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Smr\u0165 a posmrtn\u00fd odkaz<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fb4c24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapa zomrel v roku 1419 v kl\u00e1\u0161tore Ganden. Jeho balzamovan\u00e9 telo tam bolo ulo\u017een\u00e9 v st\u00fape a a\u017e do zni\u010denia kl\u00e1\u0161tora po\u010das kult\u00farnej revol\u00facie platilo za jedno z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch p\u00fatnick\u00fdch miest tibetsk\u00e9ho buddhizmu.<\/p><p>Jeho dielo bolo zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 v 18 zv\u00e4zkoch a v 17. storo\u010d\u00ed vydan\u00e9 ako uzavret\u00fd korpus v sl\u00e1vnom lhaskom vydan\u00ed. V nasleduj\u00facich storo\u010diach komentovali jeho diela mnoh\u00ed u\u010denci; samotn\u00fd \u201eLam Rim \u010cenmo&#8220; si vysl\u00fa\u017eil viac ako 100 tibetsk\u00fdch koment\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tsongkhapov de\u0148, 25. de\u0148 10. tibetsk\u00e9ho mesiaca, sa dodnes sl\u00e1vi ako \u201eGanden Ngam\u010dh\u00f6&#8220; ve\u013ek\u00fdmi sviatkami s maslov\u00fdmi lampami. V modernom tibetskom buddhizme nie je jeho postava obmedzen\u00e1 len na gelugsk\u00fa \u0161kolu; aj v in\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00e1ch je uzn\u00e1van\u00fd ako v\u00fdznamn\u00fd u\u010denec, a to aj tam, kde odmietaj\u00fa jeho filozofick\u00e9 postoje.<\/p><p>Geoffrey Samuel upozornil, \u017ee Tsongkhapa zast\u00e1va ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 in\u0161titucion\u00e1lna postava tibetsk\u00e9ho buddhizmu podobne z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 postavenie ako Tom\u00e1\u0161 Akvinsk\u00fd v katol\u00edckej trad\u00edcii alebo Maimonides v rab\u00ednskom judaizme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d3352 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"91d3352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432921e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"432921e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 recepcia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15be08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d15be08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V z\u00e1padnej tibetol\u00f3gii a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej viazanosti sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistike<\/span> je Tsongkhapa intenz\u00edvne sk\u00faman\u00fd od pr\u00e1c Giuseppe Tucciho v prvej polovici 20. storo\u010dia.<\/p><p>David Snellgrove, Robert Thurman, Donald Lopez, Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n a Jan-Ulrich Sobisch spracovali jeho dielo v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch. Tsongkhapov \u201eLam Rim \u010cenmo&#8220; je dnes dostupn\u00fd v \u00faplnom anglickom preklade a vybran\u00e9 tantrick\u00e9 texty s\u00fa pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 v kritick\u00fdch vydaniach.<\/p>\n\n<p>V modernom tibetskom exile sl\u00fa\u017ei Tsongkhapa ako identifika\u010dn\u00e1 postava gelugskej trad\u00edcie a ako z\u00e1ruka in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnej kontinuity. 14. dalajl\u00e1ma T\u00e4ndzin Gjamccho v mnoh\u00fdch predn\u00e1\u0161kach a knih\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 vo svojich koment\u00e1roch k \u201eLam Rim \u010cenmo&#8220;, zd\u00f4raznil aktu\u00e1lnos\u0165 Tsongkhapu pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa buddhistick\u00fa prax.<\/p><p>Mimo \u0161pecificky buddhistickej recepcie je Tsongkhapa v eur\u00f3pskej a americkej akademickej filozofii uzn\u00e1van\u00fd ako jeden z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch nez\u00e1padn\u00fdch systematikov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d55238 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d55238\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b9305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9b9305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Korpus spisov a dejiny vyd\u00e1vania<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b5746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80b5746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapovo \u201egsung &#8218;bum&#8220; (\u201eZozbieran\u00e9 diela&#8220;) zah\u0155\u0148a v tradi\u010dnom ta\u0161i-lhunposkom vydan\u00ed osemn\u00e1s\u0165 zv\u00e4zkov, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 210 samostatn\u00fdch diel a listov.<\/p><p>Okrem \u201eLamrim \u010cenmo&#8220; (\u201eVe\u013ekej stup\u0148ovitej cesty k osvieteniu&#8220;, 1402) a \u201eNgakrim \u010cenmo&#8220; (\u201eVe\u013ekej stup\u0148ovitej cesty <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00e1 slabika alebo formula, ktor\u00e1 sa v hinduizme a buddhizme opakovane recituje.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantry<\/span>&#8222;, 1405) patria medzi najvplyvnej\u0161ie texty \u201eDrang-nges legs-bshad snying-po&#8220; (\u201ePodstata rozli\u0161ovania proviz\u00f3rneho a definit\u00edvneho&#8220;, 1408), \u201eRigs pa&#8217;i rgya mtsho&#8220; (\u201eOce\u00e1n argument\u00e1cie&#8220;, koment\u00e1r k N\u00e1g\u00e1rd\u017eunovej M\u00falamadhjamakak\u00e1rik\u00e9) a \u201eLhag mthong \u010dhen mo&#8220; (sprostredkuj\u00faci spis o vh\u013eade z Lamrim \u010cenmo).<\/p><p>Robert A. F. Thurman predlo\u017eil v diele \u201eTsongkhapa&#8217;s Speech of Gold in the Essence of True Eloquence&#8220; (Princeton 1984) \u00fapln\u00fd anglick\u00fd preklad \u201eDrang-nges legs-bshad snying-po&#8220; s rozsiahlym religionistick\u00fdm apar\u00e1tom; Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Cabez\u00f3n zabezpe\u010dil v diele \u201eA Dose of Emptiness&#8220; (Albany 1992) preklad koment\u00e1ra mKhas-grub-rjeho k Tsongkhapovej madhjamakovej doktr\u00edne.<\/p>\n<p>Textovo-kritick\u00e9 spracovanie Tsongkhapov\u00fdch diel v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach v\u00fdrazne pokro\u010dilo prostredn\u00edctvom \u201eSera Jey Library&#8220; a \u201eTibetan Buddhist Resource Center&#8220; (TBRC, od 1999 digitaliza\u010dn\u00fd projekt E. Gena Smitha).<\/p><p>Donald S. Lopez Jr. v diele \u201eThe Madman&#8217;s Middle Way&#8220; (Chicago 2006) a vo svojich \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch o gelugskej hermeneutike uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Tsongkhapova koment\u00e1rska technika bola metodicky inovat\u00edvna: kombinoval indick\u00fd prasangikov\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl \u010candrak\u00edrtiho s podrobnou epistemologickou anal\u00fdzou pod\u013ea Dharmak\u00edrtiho a vytvoril tak hybrid, ktor\u00fd formoval neskor\u0161iu gelugsk\u00fa scholastiku a\u017e do dvadsiateho storo\u010dia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e02b96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e02b96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5134f5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5134f5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontroverzia okolo \u201esvatantra\" spor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce88a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ce88a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jednou z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch doktrin\u00e1lnych kontroverzi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 Tsongkhapa vniesol do tibetsk\u00fdch duchovn\u00fdch dej\u00edn, je ot\u00e1zka, \u010di s\u00fa v madhjamake pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 logick\u00e9 od\u00f4vodnenia (svatantra-anum\u00e1na, tib. \u201erang rgyud&#8220;), alebo \u010di sa m\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u00fdlu\u010dne d\u00f4sledkov\u00e9 usudzovanie (prasanga). Tsongkhapa sa striktne postavil ako prasangika v linii Buddhap\u00e1litu a \u010candrak\u00edrtiho proti poz\u00edcii Bh\u00e1viv\u00e9ku, ch\u00e1panej ako svatantrika.<\/p><p>Toto stanovisko je rozpracovan\u00e9 v \u201eLhag mthong \u010dhen mo&#8220; a v \u201eRigs pa&#8217;i rgya mtsho&#8220;. Nasleduj\u00face \u0161koly reagovali odli\u0161ne: sakjovsk\u00ed u\u010ditelia Gorampa S\u00f6nam Senge (1429 a\u017e 1489) a \u0160\u00e1kja \u010chogden (1428 a\u017e 1507) Tsongkhapovi ostro oponovali, z \u010doho vznikla najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ia vn\u00fatrotibetsk\u00e1 filozofick\u00e1 debata 15. a 16. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n<p>Cabez\u00f3n a ge\u0161e Lobsang Dargyay rekon\u0161truovali argumenta\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00ednie tejto debaty v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch, zhrnut\u00fdch v \u201eScholasticism&#8220; (Albany 1998). Jos\u00e9 Cabez\u00f3n prelo\u017eil v diele \u201eFreedom from Extremes&#8220; (Somerville 2007) Gorampovo hlavn\u00e9 dielo \u201elTa ba&#8217;i shan &#8218;byed&#8220; (\u201eRozl\u00ed\u0161enie n\u00e1zorov&#8220;) a porovnal ho s Tsongkhapovou poz\u00edciou.<\/p><p>Janet Gyatso uk\u00e1zala v \u201eJournal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies&#8220; (zv. 27, 2004), \u017ee debata nezostala \u010disto akademickou, ale bola a\u017e do 17. storo\u010dia spojen\u00e1 s politick\u00fdmi d\u00f4sledkami pre postavenie jednotliv\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fdch centier.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b68be83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b68be83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fd2180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fd2180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vz\u0165ah k b\u00f6nskej trad\u00edcii a star\u0161\u00edm \u0161kol\u00e1m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55c1090 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55c1090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tsongkhapov reformn\u00fd program nebol \u00fapln\u00fdm rozchodom s existuj\u00facou tibetskou religiozitou, ale sk\u00f4r nov\u00fdm usporiadan\u00edm v r\u00e1mci existuj\u00facich trad\u00edci\u00ed.<\/p><p>Prevzal podstatn\u00e9 prvky \u0161koly kadampa, ktor\u00e1 sa v 11. storo\u010d\u00ed odvol\u00e1vala na indick\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013ea Ati\u0161u, a za\u010dlenil ich do roz\u0161\u00edrenej filozofickej a tantrickej koncepcie. K n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu b\u00f6n, predbuddhistickej tibetskej trad\u00edcii, si v\u00fdslovne udr\u017eiaval odstup, hoci jeho nasledovn\u00edkov neprenasledoval.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ani vo\u010di nyingma-pa a kagj\u00fc-pa, ktor\u00e9 zachov\u00e1vali mnoh\u00e9 tantrick\u00e9 l\u00ednie star\u0161\u00edch indick\u00fdch a tibetsk\u00fdch majstrov, neprejavoval politick\u00fa nevra\u017eivos\u0165. Neskor\u0161ia polariz\u00e1cia medzi trad\u00edciami gelug a nyingma-pa, resp.<\/p><p>kagj\u00fc-pa, je sk\u00f4r d\u00f4sledkom politick\u00fdch konfliktov 17. storo\u010dia ne\u017e Tsongkhapov\u00fdm vlastn\u00fdm odkazom. Klaus-Dieter Mathes vo svojich \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch o dejin\u00e1ch tibetsk\u00e9ho buddhizmu t\u00fato skuto\u010dnos\u0165 opakovane zd\u00f4raznil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3272,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tsongkhapa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tsongkhapa \u2013 zakladate\u013e \u0161koly Gelug | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) je zakladate\u013eom tibetskej \u0161koly Gelug, duchovn\u00fdm otcom dalajl\u00e1mov. 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