{"id":158091,"date":"2026-09-04T22:21:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:21:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158091"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:50:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:50:57","slug":"milarepa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/milarepa\/","title":{"rendered":"Milarepa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158091\" class=\"elementor elementor-158091 elementor-3040 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52c0acb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52c0acb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac0ff9f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac0ff9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c2abb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c2abb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f96346 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f96346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Milarepa, tibetsk\u00fd jog\u00edn a sv\u00e4tec<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d9b66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d9b66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Milarepa je tibetsk\u00fd jog\u00edn a sv\u00e4tec, ktor\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e1 cesta od \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho previnenia a\u017e po osvietenie sa pova\u017euje za vzor. Milarepa (tibetsky Mila Repa, \u201eMila oble\u010den\u00fd v bavlne\u201c, pribli\u017ene 1052 a\u017e 1135) je jedn\u00fdm z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch jog\u00ednov tibetsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch dej\u00edn.<\/p><p>Na rozdiel od Padmasambhavu ide o historicky dolo\u017een\u00fa osobu, hoci jej \u017eivotopis bol z\u00e1rove\u0148 silne \u0161tylizovan\u00fd z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Pova\u017euje sa za centr\u00e1lneho u\u010dite\u013ea \u0161koly Kagj\u00fc, jeho ver\u0161e (mgur) patria medzi naj\u010d\u00edtanej\u0161ie texty tibetskej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej literat\u00fary.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4728ea5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4728ea5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa2e6bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"aa2e6bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Zosobnen\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne kult\u00fary, s presne vymedzen\u00fdmi p\u00f4sobnos\u0165ami \u2014 sily pr\u00edrody, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom kultov, obet\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.\">Boh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/buddhizmus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Budhistick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia s b\u00f3dhisattvami, ochrann\u00fdmi bo\u017estvami, hladov\u00fdmi duchmi a str\u00e1\u017ecami pekiel.\">Budhizmus<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f06c579 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f06c579\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c92ad8a elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"c92ad8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c92ad8a\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c92ad8a\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__c92ad8a\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d7944c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d7944c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd599cd iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dd599cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_milarepa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159672\" alt=\"Milarepa - bohovia z buddhistickej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustrat\u00edvne\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_milarepa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_milarepa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_milarepa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_milarepa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61fa776 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"61fa776\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecda391 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ecda391\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d89a9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d89a9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biografick\u00e9 pramene<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da35bc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da35bc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najpodrobnej\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotopisom je \u201eNampar Tharpa\u201c (\u00fapln\u00fd titul \u201eOslobodenie\u201c), skr\u00e1tene \u201eMila Tharpa\u201c, nap\u00edsan\u00fd Tsangnj\u00f6nom Herukom (1452 a\u017e 1507), jog\u00ednom a spisovate\u013eom, ktor\u00fd Milarepu op\u00e4\u0165 predstavil ako idealizovan\u00fa postavu jog\u00edna pre svoje reformn\u00e9 hnutie neskorej Kagj\u00fc.<\/p><p>Tento \u017eivotopis je liter\u00e1rne mimoriadne zdaril\u00fd a prelo\u017een\u00fd do viacer\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00fdch jazykov, vznikol v\u0161ak pribli\u017ene tristop\u00e4\u0165desiat rokov po Milarepovej smrti a \u010derp\u00e1 zo star\u0161\u00edch \u00fastnych a p\u00edsomn\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010diasto\u010dne stratili.<\/p><p>Andrew Quintman v knihe \u201eThe Yogin and the Madman\u201c (New York 2014) zrekon\u0161truoval textov\u00fa hist\u00f3riu Milarepovho \u017eivotopisu a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee existovalo aspo\u0148 tri star\u0161ie verzie, z ktor\u00fdch niektor\u00e9 sa zachovali len v zlomkoch.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eStotis\u00edc piesn\u00ed\u201c (Mila Gurbum), tie\u017e zostaven\u00e9 Tsangnj\u00f6nom Herukom, zhroma\u017e\u010fuje ver\u0161e, ktor\u00e9 Milarepa \u00fadajne improvizoval svojim \u017eiakom a prosebn\u00edkom v r\u00f4znych vyu\u010dovac\u00edch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. T\u00e1to zbierka je druh\u00fdm hlavn\u00fdm prame\u0148om o Milarepovi; jej jednotliv\u00e9 piesne s\u00fa datovan\u00e9 ve\u013emi rozdielne a pravdepodobne odzrkad\u013euj\u00fa trad\u00edciu, ktor\u00e1 sa vyv\u00edjala po\u010das viacer\u00fdch storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a9c360 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2a9c360\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a83792 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a83792\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mlados\u0165 a \u010dierna m\u00e1gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16a21ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16a21ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pod\u013ea \u017eivotopisu (vity) sa Milarepa narodil ako syn z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00e9ho ve\u013ekostatk\u00e1ra v Kya Ngatse na z\u00e1pade Tibetu. Jeho otec zomrel skoro, na\u010do si str\u00fdko a teta prisvojili majetok a zotro\u010dili rodinu.<\/p><p>Na naliehanie matky sa Milarepa nau\u010dil \u010diernu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia osobit\u00fdmi \u00fakonmi alebo formulami zasiahnu\u0165 do behu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1giu<\/span> a pomocou krupobitn\u00e9ho ritu\u00e1lu zabil tridsa\u0165p\u00e4\u0165 str\u00fdkov\u00fdch pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a zni\u010dil \u00farodu, ktor\u00e1 tvorila ich bohatstvo.<\/p><p>Zl\u00e1 karma tohto \u010dinu ho nesk\u00f4r priviedla k h\u013eadaniu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho vyslobodenia. Tento pr\u00edbeh je z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd: predstavuje sv\u00e4tca, ktor\u00fd nie je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eiaci k bo\u017esk\u00e9mu, a preto vy\u0148at\u00fd z be\u017en\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4t\u00fd<\/span> od za\u010diatku, ale k osvieteniu dospieva z hlbokej viny.<\/p><p>Donald Lopez (\u00abReligions of Tibet in Practice\u00bb, Princeton 1997) vyklad\u00e1 tento prvok ako odraz tantrick\u00fdch u\u010den\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00abcestu po\u0161kvrnenia\u00bb (kleshamarga) ako mo\u017enos\u0165 oslobodenia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e753fd9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e753fd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84127d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84127d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marpa ako u\u010dite\u013e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d27889e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d27889e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Milarepa na\u0161iel svojho u\u010dite\u013ea v Marpovi \u010ch\u00f6kji Lodr\u00f6vi (1012 a\u017e 1097), tibetskom prekladate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fd podnikol viacero ciest do Indie a bol tam vyu\u010dovan\u00fd Naropom.<\/p><p>Marpa podrobil Milarepu po\u010das mnoh\u00fdch rokov extr\u00e9mnej sk\u00fa\u0161ke: nechal ho sam\u00e9ho stava\u0165 po\u010detn\u00e9 ve\u017ee z kame\u0148ov, v\u017edy s pr\u00edkazom, aby ich znova zb\u00faral, hne\u010f ako boli hotov\u00e9.<\/p><p>Doteraz zachovan\u00e1 ve\u017ea Sekhar Gutchok v juhotibetskom Lhodraku sa tradi\u010dne pova\u017euje za posledn\u00e9 stavebn\u00e9 dielo, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e Milarepa nemusel zb\u00fara\u0165. Pod\u013ea \u017eivotopisu sk\u00fa\u0161ka sl\u00fa\u017eila na to, aby sa vy\u010distila zl\u00e1 karma z magie krupobitia, sk\u00f4r ne\u017e mohol Milarepa prija\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161ie tantrick\u00e9 zasv\u00e4tenia.<\/p>\n<p>Po dokon\u010den\u00ed sk\u00fa\u0161ky dostal \u00fapln\u00fd prenos u\u010denia mah\u00e1mudra a \u0161es\u0165 jog Naropov\u00fdch, medzi nimi vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 teplo (tummo), telo jasn\u00e9ho svetla (\u00f6dsal) a jogu sna (milam). Tieto prenosy tvoria jadro u\u010denia Kagj\u00fc a dodnes sa odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa v nepreru\u0161enej l\u00ednii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec45904 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ec45904\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e685e8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e685e8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u017divot jaskynn\u00e9ho pustovn\u00edka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8377eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8377eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Po obdob\u00ed u\u010denia sa Milarepa uch\u00fdlil do jask\u00fd\u0148 Himal\u00e1j\u00ed, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm do oblasti okolo horsk\u00e9ho mas\u00edvu Lap\u010dhi, ktor\u00fd sa rozprestiera medzi Tibetom a Nep\u00e1lom.<\/p><p>\u017divotopis ho po desa\u0165ro\u010dia zobrazuje v od\u013eahl\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch pustovniach, \u010dasto takmer nah\u00e9ho, \u017eiven\u00e9ho divou \u017eih\u013eavou, ktor\u00e1 mu \u00fadajne sfarbila telo do zelenkastej farby. Vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 teplo rozvinul do takej miery, \u017ee snehov\u00e9 b\u00farky pre\u017e\u00edval oble\u010den\u00fd len v bavlnenej l\u00e1tke (repa), odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dza jeho pr\u00edmenie Repa.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to praktika je zdokumentovan\u00e1 aj mimo hagiografick\u00e9ho rozpr\u00e1vania v tibetskej jog\u00ednskej trad\u00edcii; v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed ju etnograficky zaznamenala Alexandra David-N\u00e9el, nov\u0161ie fyziologick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie na praktikuj\u00facich tummo v Ladaku a Nep\u00e1le preuk\u00e1zali merate\u013en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky zahrievania.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee spojenie extr\u00e9mnej ask\u00e9zy a telesnej tvorby tepla je vo vad\u017eraj\u00e1ne systematicky pop\u00edsanou cvi\u010debnou cestou v tantr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d6d992 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d6d992\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef249c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef249c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Piesne a forma u\u010denia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e33c35c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e33c35c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Milarepa neu\u010dil formou kanonick\u00fdch predn\u00e1\u0161ok alebo prostredn\u00edctvom kn\u00edh, ale improvizoval spont\u00e1nne ver\u0161e v danej situ\u00e1cii. Po\u013eovn\u00edk, pochybuj\u00faca \u017eia\u010dka, skupina banditov, v\u0161etci boli osloven\u00ed pod\u013ea svojej \u00farovne vedomia. \u201eStotis\u00edc piesn\u00ed\u201c je p\u00edsomnou zbierkou t\u00fdchto improviz\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p><p>Stoja v trad\u00edcii indickej literat\u00fary d\u00f3h\u00e1 a \u010darj\u00e1g\u00edti, ktor\u00e1 hrala d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu u\u017e v indickom vad\u017eraj\u00e1ne. V Tibete 11. storo\u010dia bola forma spievan\u00e9ho u\u010denia efekt\u00edvnou met\u00f3dou na sprostredkovanie obsahu u\u010denia aj negramotn\u00fdm posluch\u00e1\u010dom.<\/p><p>Roger Jackson v knihe \u201eTantric Treasures\u201c (Oxford 2004) podrobne zobrazil nadv\u00e4znos\u0165 tibetskej trad\u00edcie mgur na indick\u00e9 predlohy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e19ec7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e19ec7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4f2e0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4f2e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u017diaci a nasledovn\u00edctvo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b11763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b11763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Milarepa mal dvoch hlavn\u00fdch \u017eiakov, Gampopu S\u00f6nama Rin\u010dena (1079 a\u017e 1153) a Re\u010dungpu (1085 a\u017e 1161). Gampopa, b\u00fdval\u00fd lek\u00e1r a mn\u00edch \u0161koly Kadam, integroval Milarepovu tantrick\u00fa jog\u00ednsku praxu do kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca a t\u00fdm zalo\u017eil kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fa l\u00edniu \u0161k\u00f4l Kagj\u00fc.<\/p><p>Re\u010dungpa zachoval nekl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fa jog\u00ednsku trad\u00edciu. Z Gampopov\u00fdch \u017eiakov vznikli \u201e\u0161tyri ve\u013ek\u00e9\u201c a \u201eosem mal\u00fdch\u201c podtrad\u00edci\u00ed Kagj\u00fc, medzi nimi Karma-Kagj\u00fc so sl\u00e1vnou inkarna\u010dnou l\u00edniou Karmapa. T\u00fdm sa Milarepova individu\u00e1lna sk\u00fasenos\u0165 sk\u00fa\u0161ky a osvietenia stala z\u00e1kladom ve\u013ekej in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnej \u0161koly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9ff0fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b9ff0fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edca6c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"edca6c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af3f9de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af3f9de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Andrew Quintman ukazuje, \u017ee vita Milarepy ustanovila model \u00abosvieten\u00e9ho z hlbokej viny\u00bb, ktor\u00fd sa v neskor\u0161ej tibetskej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej hist\u00f3rii mnohokr\u00e1t opakoval.<\/p><p>Na rozdiel od therav\u00e1dovej predstavy sv\u00e4tca, v ktorej s\u00fa \u010distota a z\u00e1sluhy pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 od za\u010diatku, kagj\u00fcpska trad\u00edcia zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee aj z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 mor\u00e1lne previnenia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tantrickou praxou o\u010disten\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci toho ist\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je to jedno z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch tvrden\u00ed vad\u017eraj\u00e1ny, ktor\u00e9 ju odli\u0161uje od star\u0161\u00edch buddhistick\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l, v ktor\u00fdch sa za nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre \u00fapln\u00e9 o\u010distenie pova\u017eovalo viacero existenci\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47965f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47965f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-555a7da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"555a7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepcia na Z\u00e1pade<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82970f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82970f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prv\u00fd eur\u00f3psky preklad vity Milarepy poch\u00e1dza od Jacquesa Bacota (Par\u00ed\u017e 1925), prv\u00fd anglick\u00fd od Waltera Yeelinga Evansa-Wentza (Oxford 1928). Ten druh\u00fd je zn\u00e1my svoj\u00edm teozofick\u00fdm zafarben\u00edm a v s\u00fa\u010dasnej vedeckej tibetol\u00f3gii je u\u017e prekonan\u00fd. Lobsang Lhalungpa predstavil v roku 1977 filologicky spo\u013eahliv\u00fd anglick\u00fd preklad.<\/p><p>V 20. storo\u010d\u00ed sa Milarepa stal, spolu s Padmasambhavou, najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou tibetskou postavou v z\u00e1padnej recepcii buddhizmu. Jeho biografick\u00e1 uchopite\u013enos\u0165, spojenie mor\u00e1lneho previnenia a posv\u00e4tenia, ako aj jednoduch\u00e9, \u010dasto pr\u00edrodno-poetick\u00e9 piesne, mu dali samostatn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok presahuj\u00faci \u00fazko tantrick\u00fa prenosov\u00fa linku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96d20ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96d20ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d10a01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d10a01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zdroje a odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-050e560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"050e560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Prim\u00e1rne pramene: Tsangny\u00f6n Heruka, \u00abMila Tharpa\u00bb (Vita Milarepy), 15. storo\u010die; \u00abMila Gurbum\u00bb (Stotis\u00edc piesn\u00ed Milarepy), 15. storo\u010die.<\/p>\n<p>Sekund\u00e1rna literat\u00fara: Andrew Quintman, \u00abThe Yogin and the Madman.<\/p><p>Reading the Biographical Corpus of Tibet&#8217;s Great Saint Milarepa\u00bb, New York 2014; Donald Lopez, \u00abReligions of Tibet in Practice\u00bb, Princeton 1997; David Snellgrove, \u00abIndo-Tibetan Buddhism\u00bb, London 1987; Roger Jackson, \u00abTantric Treasures\u00bb, Oxford 2004; Lobsang Lhalungpa, \u00abThe Life of Milarepa\u00bb, New York 1977; Robert Buswell a Donald Lopez, \u00abPrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u00bb, Princeton 2014.<\/p><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6396940 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6396940\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7811b37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7811b37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mah\u00e1mudra a Dzog\u010dhen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5d7f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5d7f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U\u010denie, ktor\u00e9 Milarepa prijal od Marpu a odovzdal svojim \u017eiakom, patr\u00ed k trad\u00edcii mah\u00e1mudry (\u00abVe\u013ek\u00e1 pe\u010da\u0165\u00bb). Jej cie\u013eom je priame, nepon\u00edmov\u00e9 poznanie povahy mysle. Mah\u00e1mudra sa \u0161truktur\u00e1lne podob\u00e1 na trad\u00edciu dzog\u010dhenu (\u00abVe\u013ek\u00e1 \u00faplnos\u0165\u00bb) \u0161koly Nyingma, metodicky sa v\u0161ak l\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p><p>Zatia\u013e \u010do dzog\u010dhen vych\u00e1dza z p\u00f4vodnej \u010distoty mysle ako v\u00fdchodiskov\u00e9ho bodu, mah\u00e1mudra postupuje krok po kroku od pojmov\u00e9ho poznania k priamemu videniu.<\/p><p>David Jackson zdokumentoval v diele \u00abEnlightenment by a Single Means\u00bb (Viede\u0148 1994) historick\u00fd spor medzi sakjapsk\u00fdm a kagj\u00fcpskym ch\u00e1pan\u00edm mah\u00e1mudry. T\u00e1to debata patr\u00ed z h\u013eadiska tibetskej filozofie k najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm medzi 13. a 15. storo\u010d\u00edm a priamo sa t\u00fdka v\u00fdkladu Milarepovho u\u010denia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e68a954 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e68a954\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c788afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c788afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160es\u0165 j\u00f3g Naropu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cdc8ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cdc8ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Popri mah\u00e1mudre je prenos \u00ab\u0161iestich j\u00f3g Naropu\u00bb druhou hlavnou linkou kagj\u00fcpskej praxe, ktor\u00e1 siaha k Milarepovi.<\/p><p>T\u00fdchto \u0161es\u0165 j\u00f3g zah\u0155\u0148a vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 teplo (tummo), telo jasn\u00e9ho svetla (\u00f6dsal), snov\u00fa j\u00f3gu (milam), bardo j\u00f3gu (j\u00f3gu prechodn\u00e9ho stavu), prenos vedomia (phowa) a prax il\u00fazorn\u00e9ho tela (gyul\u00fc). Tvoria systematick\u00fd cvi\u010debn\u00fd program, ktor\u00fd siaha k indick\u00e9mu jog\u00ednovi Naropovi a bol prostredn\u00edctvom Marpu odovzdan\u00fd Milarepovi.<\/p><p>Vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 teplo, ktor\u00fdm sa Milarepa stal sl\u00e1vnym, je z nich prvou a v mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch z\u00e1kladnou praxou. Glenn Mullin prelo\u017eil a komentoval tento praktick\u00fd korpus v diele \u00abThe Six Yogas of Naropa\u00bb (Ithaca 1996).<\/p><p>Etnografick\u00fd v\u00fdskum dne\u0161n\u00fdch praktikuj\u00facich tummo, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pr\u00e1ce Herberta Bensona na Harvard Medical School v 80. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia, zdokumentoval fyziologicky merate\u013en\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty poko\u017eky, bez toho, aby to potvrdilo alebo vyvr\u00e1tilo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tvrdenia trad\u00edcie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a8c8bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a8c8bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02be439 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02be439\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Milarepove jaskyne ako p\u00fatnick\u00e9 miesta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05a9549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05a9549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jaskyne, v ktor\u00fdch Milarepa pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie meditoval, s\u00fa p\u00fatnick\u00fdmi miestami a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Osobitne v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 s\u00fa jasky\u0148a Drakar Taso (\u00abBiela skala Ko\u0148sk\u00fd zub\u00bb), jaskyne Lapchi na hranici medzi Tibetom a Nep\u00e1lom, jaskyne Chuwar v oblasti Nyalam a jaskyne Kyirong, takisto na nep\u00e1lskej hranici.<\/p><p>P\u00fatnick\u00e9 cesty k t\u00fdmto miestam boli a\u017e do \u010d\u00ednskej anexie Tibetu d\u00f4le\u017eitou osou buddhistickej spirituality.<\/p><p>Dnes s\u00fa \u010diasto\u010dne op\u00e4\u0165 pr\u00edstupn\u00e9, p\u00fatnick\u00fd ruch je v\u0161ak politick\u00fdmi obmedzeniami limitovan\u00fd. V Nep\u00e1le s\u00fa oblas\u0165 Lapchi a hora Kailash (dostupn\u00e1 z Tibetu) hlavn\u00fdmi p\u00fatnick\u00fdmi cie\u013emi aj v r\u00e1mci uctievania Milarepy. Toni Huber podrobne zdokumentoval geografiu tibetsk\u00e9ho putovania v diele \u00abThe Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain\u00bb (New York 1999).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a42766a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a42766a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3699add elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3699add\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Milarepa v modernej recepcii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e66d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5e66d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V 20. storo\u010d\u00ed sa Milarepa stal jednou z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch tibetsk\u00fdch post\u00e1v v z\u00e1padnej recepcii buddhizmu.<\/p><p>Lama Anagarika Govinda mu venoval v diele \u00abThe Way of the White Clouds\u00bb (Lond\u00fdn 1966) rozsiahle pas\u00e1\u017ee, v ktor\u00fdch je spojenie ask\u00e9tskeho \u017eivota a mystick\u00e9ho poznania predstaven\u00e9 ako centr\u00e1lny tibetsk\u00fd pr\u00ednos. Preklad Lobsanga Lhalungpu (1977) viedol k \u0161irokej z\u00e1padnej recepcii.<\/p><p>Tibetsk\u00fd film \u00abMilarepa\u00bb (2006) u\u010dite\u013ea Netena Choklinga pribl\u00ed\u017eil tento pr\u00edbeh po prv\u00fd raz medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9mu filmov\u00e9mu publiku. V z\u00e1padnom tibetskom buddhizme, najm\u00e4 v kagj\u00fcpskych link\u00e1ch, je Milarepa pre praktikuj\u00facich centr\u00e1lnou identifika\u010dnou postavou, v ktorej vite sa spojenie etick\u00e9ho previnenia, sk\u00fa\u0161ky a osvietenia \u010d\u00edta ako model pre vlastn\u00fa cestu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c510076 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c510076\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b269ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b269ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Milarepa a pr\u00edrodn\u00e1 po\u00e9zia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b42109d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b42109d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samostatn\u00fa liter\u00e1rnu l\u00edniu Milarepov\u00fdch piesn\u00ed tvoria jeho pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 b\u00e1sne. Popisuj\u00fa \u017eivot v horsk\u00fdch samot\u00e1ch, vn\u00edmanie ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, zvierat, sk\u00e1l, snehu a vetra. Tieto b\u00e1sne stoja v trad\u00edcii tibetskej ask\u00e9tskej po\u00e9zie, ktor\u00e1 podobne ako japonsk\u00e1 zenov\u00e1 po\u00e9zia rozv\u00edja priamy, nevykreslen\u00fa pr\u00edrodn\u00fa re\u010d.<\/p><p>Boli prijat\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00fdmi liter\u00e1tmi ako Gary Snyder a Allen Ginsberg a rozvinuli tak \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed dosah ne\u017e len v r\u00e1mci striktne n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie. Per S\u00f8rensen v diele \u00abDivinity Secularized.<\/p><p>An Inquiry into the Nature and Form of the Songs Ascribed to the Sixth Dalai Lama\u00bb (Viede\u0148 1990) zmapoval \u0161truktur\u00e1lne s\u00favislosti medzi Milarepov\u00fdmi pies\u0148ami a neskor\u0161ou tibetskou svetskou milostnou po\u00e9ziou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05aa2e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c05aa2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a11e89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a11e89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tsangnj\u00f6n Heruka a \u0161tandardn\u00e1 vita<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a17ebc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a17ebc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dnes kanonick\u00fd \u017eivotopis Milarepy (Mi la ras pa&#8217;i rnam thar) nap\u00edsal v roku 1488 Tsangny\u00f6n Heruka (1452 a\u017e 1507).<\/p><p>Tsangny\u00f6n, s\u00e1m excentrick\u00fd jog\u00edn z trad\u00edcie \u201ebl\u00e1zniv\u00fdch sv\u00e4tcov\u201c, \u010derpal zo star\u0161\u00edch prame\u0148ov, ale sformoval z nich uzavret\u00e9 liter\u00e1rne dielo s jasnou stavbou: predohra a narodenie, mlados\u0165 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia zvl\u00e1\u0161tnymi \u00fakonmi alebo formulami zasiahnu\u0165 do priebehu udalost\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gia<\/span>, Marpa a sk\u00fa\u0161ky, cesta k oslobodeniu, roky u\u010denia, smr\u0165.<\/p><p>Andrew Quintman (\u201eThe Yogin and the Madman\u201c, New York 2014) podrobne zrekon\u0161truoval historiu prame\u0148ov Milarepovej vity. Ukazuje, \u017ee existuje minim\u00e1lne dev\u00e4\u0165 star\u0161\u00edch vrstiev vity, z ktor\u00fdch najstar\u0161ia sa vracia k Gampopovi (1079 a\u017e 1153), priamemu \u017eiakovi Milarepy.<\/p><p>Tsangny\u00f6nova verzia je liter\u00e1rne tak \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1, \u017ee prakticky vytla\u010dila star\u0161ie pramene. Stala sa vzorom tibetskej hagiografie a formuje popul\u00e1rny obraz Milarepy a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6ef287 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b6ef287\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84b2d5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84b2d5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">100 000 piesn\u00ed ako liter\u00e1rne dielo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c9be78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c9be78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zbierku \u201eMila Grubum\u201c (100 000 piesn\u00ed Milarepy) tie\u017e liter\u00e1rne sformuloval Tsangny\u00f6n Heruka, obsahuje v\u0161ak star\u0161ie materi\u00e1ly. Zah\u0155\u0148a pribli\u017ene 130 epiz\u00f3d, v ktor\u00fdch Milarepa v poetick\u00fdch ver\u0161och (\u201emgur\u201c) ude\u013euje pou\u010denia, sk\u00fa\u0161a \u017eiakov alebo vyh\u013ead\u00e1va rozhovor s \u013eu\u010fmi. Mgur je samostatn\u00fd tibetsk\u00fd liter\u00e1rny \u017e\u00e1ner, ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1ja n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa spiritualitu s \u013eudovou po\u00e9ziou.<\/p><p>Garma C.C. Chang (\u201eThe Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa\u201c, New York 1962) predlo\u017eil \u00fapln\u00fd anglick\u00fd preklad. Piesne maj\u00fa r\u00f4znu metrick\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru a striedaj\u00fa predmet u\u010denia s osobnou spomienkou. S\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasne n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm praktick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom aj \u013eudovou literat\u00farou, \u010do vysvet\u013euje ich \u0161irok\u00fd dosah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5d9990 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f5d9990\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e21311c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e21311c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Milarepove jaskyne a p\u00fatnick\u00e9 miesta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a26a4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a26a4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie jaskyne, v ktor\u00fdch Milarepa pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie meditoval, s\u00fa Drakar Taso pri Nyalame v juhotibetskej oblasti, Chubar pri Kyirongu, Lapchi na tibetsko-nep\u00e1lskej hranici a jaskyne pri hore Kailash. Lapchi a Kailash s\u00fa dnes pre pand\u00e9miu a \u010d\u00ednske cestovn\u00e9 obmedzenia \u0165a\u017eko dostupn\u00e9, Drakar Taso bol po roku 1980 \u010diasto\u010dne obnoven\u00fd ako kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e1 ruina.<\/p><p>Toni Huber (\u201eThe Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain\u201c, New York 1999) etnograficky zdokumentoval prax p\u00fat\u00ed okolo Tsari, \u010fal\u0161ieho miesta spojen\u00e9ho s Milarepom, a uk\u00e1zal, ako p\u00fatnick\u00e9 miesta funguje ako priestorov\u00e9 pred\u013a\u017eenie hagiografie.<\/p><p>Spojenie textu vity s p\u00fatnick\u00fdm miestom je klasick\u00fd jav n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej geografie a Milarepa patr\u00ed medzi tibetsk\u00fdch sv\u00e4tcov s najsilnej\u0161\u00edm priestorov\u00fdm zakotven\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1971a07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1971a07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5980702 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5980702\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kagj\u00fcpsk\u00e1 l\u00ednia a jej \u0161tyri ve\u013ek\u00e9 podskupiny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dfbe61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dfbe61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Milarepa stoj\u00ed v hlavnej l\u00ednii \u0161koly Kagj\u00fc (bka&#8216; brgyud, \u201el\u00ednia \u00fastneho prenosu\u201c). T\u00fato l\u00edniu prinesol z Indie do Tibetu Marpa Lotsawa. Po Milarepovom hlavnom \u017eiakovi Gampopovi sa Kagj\u00fc rozdelila na \u0161tyri ve\u013ek\u00e9 a osem men\u0161\u00edch podl\u00edni\u00ed. \u0160tyri ve\u013ek\u00e9 s\u00fa Karma Kagj\u00fc (s karmapami), Tselpa Kagj\u00fc, Baram Kagj\u00fc a Phagdru Kagj\u00fc.<\/p><p>Z l\u00ednie Phagdru n\u00e1sledne vznikli Drikung Kagj\u00fc, Drugpa Kagj\u00fc a Taglung Kagj\u00fc. L\u00ednia Drukpa je \u0161t\u00e1tnou \u0161kolou Bhut\u00e1nu. Karenina Kollmar-Paulenz (\u201eGeschichte der Mongolen\u201c, Mn\u00edchov 2005) a Matthew Kapstein (\u201eThe Tibetans\u201c, Oxford 2006) predstavili v\u00fdvoj t\u00fdchto \u0161k\u00f4l v kontexte politick\u00fdch dej\u00edn Tibetu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5359825 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5359825\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddc1941 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddc1941\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Milarepova n\u00e1uka Mahamudra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce56ca9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce56ca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Milarepa praktizoval a odovzd\u00e1val n\u00e1uku Mahamudra (\u201eVe\u013ek\u00e1 pe\u010da\u0165\u201c), ktor\u00e1 patr\u00ed k najvy\u0161\u0161iemu stup\u0148u praxe anuttaraj\u00f3ga-tantry. Prenos Mahamudry sa dostal prostredn\u00edctvom Maitripu a Naropy k Marpovi a potom k Milarepovi.<\/p><p>Na rozdiel od n\u00e1uky Dzog\u010dhen \u0161koly Nyingma, s ktorou je Mahamudra filozoficky bl\u00edzko pr\u00edbuzn\u00e1, zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje prax Mahamudry postupn\u00fd vzostup cez \u0160amathu (du\u0161evn\u00fd pokoj) a Vipa\u0161janu (vh\u013ead) k priamemu poznaniu povahy mysle.<\/p><p>\u201e\u0160tyri jogy Mahamudry\u201c, jednobodov\u00e9 s\u00fastredenie, nezostrojovanie, jedna chu\u0165 a nemedita\u010dn\u00e9 uskuto\u010dnenie, sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za centr\u00e1lnu postupnos\u0165 stup\u0148ov. David Jackson (\u201eEnlightenment by a Single Means\u201c, Viede\u0148 1994) podrobne sk\u00famal trad\u00edciu Mahamudry v porovnan\u00ed s trad\u00edciou lam-rim gelugskej \u0161koly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adcdb10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"adcdb10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daa12c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daa12c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Milarepa v modernej literat\u00fare a umen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7f003a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7f003a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Milarepa m\u00e1 bohat\u00fa hist\u00f3riu vplyvu v z\u00e1padnej literat\u00fare a v\u00fdtvarnom umen\u00ed. Eric Frechette prelo\u017eil v roku 1968 \u201eSto tis\u00edc piesn\u00ed\u201c do franc\u00faz\u0161tiny. Lobsang Lhalungpa vydal v roku 1977 ve\u013emi uzn\u00e1van\u00fd anglick\u00fd preklad vity. Bhut\u00e1nsky filmov\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r Neten Chokling nakr\u00fatil v roku 2006 dvojdielny film \u201eMilarepa\u201c, ktor\u00fd zobrazuje jeho mlados\u0165 a cestu k oslobodeniu.<\/p><p>\u0160vaj\u010diarsky maliar Aldo Walker a americk\u00fd buddhistick\u00fd umelec Robert Beer vytvorili portr\u00e9ty Milarepy, ktor\u00e9 sa opieraj\u00fa o tradi\u010dn\u00e9 tibetsk\u00e9 predlohy. Modern\u00e1 tibetsk\u00e1 diasp\u00f3ra urobila z Milarepy identifika\u010dn\u00fa postavu spirituality, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fa discipl\u00ednu s jog\u00ednskou samostatnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2207bde e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2207bde\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f7a869 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f7a869\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86a39e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86a39e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Bol Milarepa historickou osobou?<\/strong> \u00c1no. Jeho \u017eivotn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta sa v\u0161eobecne ud\u00e1vaj\u00fa pribli\u017ene na roky 1052 a\u017e 1135, hoci niektor\u00e9 aspekty s\u00fa sporn\u00e9. Andrew Quintman v diele \u201eThe Yogin and the Madman\u201c podrobne presk\u00famal historick\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 prame\u0148ov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co s\u00fa \u201e\u0161es\u0165 jog Naropu\u201c?<\/strong> Program tantrickej jogovej praxe, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 teplo, telo jasn\u00e9ho svetla, jogu snov, jogu bardo, prenos vedomia a prax il\u00fazorn\u00e9ho tela. Ide o centr\u00e1lnu praktick\u00fa l\u00edniu \u0161k\u00f4l Kagj\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do bol Milarepa zelenkast\u00fd?<\/strong> Pod\u013ea vity sa desiatky rokov stravoval takmer v\u00fdlu\u010dne divou \u017eih\u013eavou, \u010do mu \u00fadajne zafarbilo telo. \u010ci sa to historicky presne odohralo, je nejasn\u00e9; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> v ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje jeho extr\u00e9mnu ask\u00e9zu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kto boli najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed Milarepovi \u017eiaci?<\/strong> Gampopa S\u00f6nam Rin\u010dhen (1079 a\u017e 1153), ktor\u00fd zalo\u017eil kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fa l\u00edniu \u0161k\u00f4l Kagj\u00fc, a Re\u010dungpa (1085 a\u017e 1161), ktor\u00fd pokra\u010doval v nekl\u00e1\u0161tornej jog\u00ednskej trad\u00edcii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3276,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Milarepa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Milarepa \u2013 Tibetsk\u00fd jog\u00edn a sv\u00e4tec | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Milarepa (1052-1135) je najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161\u00ed tibetsk\u00fd jog\u00edn a b\u00e1snik, \u017eiak Marpu, zakladate\u013e l\u00ednie Kagj\u00fc. 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