{"id":158090,"date":"2026-09-04T22:21:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:21:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158090"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:50:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:50:53","slug":"ksitigarbha","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/ksitigarbha\/","title":{"rendered":"Ksitigarbha"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158090\" class=\"elementor elementor-158090 elementor-3038 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e868ac8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e868ac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe78d0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe78d0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4c167 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a4c167\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e09f43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e09f43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ksitigarbha, b\u00f3dhisattva pekiel<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a54a838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a54a838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ksitigarbha (sanskrit \u201elono zeme\u201c) je jedna z \u00fastredn\u00fdch b\u00f3dhisattvovsk\u00fdch post\u00e1v v mah\u00e1j\u00e1novom a v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijskom buddhizme. Je zn\u00e1my svoj\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd s\u013eub vo\u010di bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u013eubom<\/span>, \u017ee nedosiahne pln\u00e9 buddhovstvo, k\u00fdm nebud\u00fa vysloboden\u00e9 v\u0161etky bytosti z pekeln\u00fdch sf\u00e9r.<\/p><p>V \u010c\u00edne sa vol\u00e1 Dizang, v Japonsku Jizo, v K\u00f3rei Jijang Bosal. Jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161tne spojenie so zosnul\u00fdmi, s cestou medzisvetmi a s ochranou det\u00ed z neho rob\u00ed jednu z najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edch b\u00f3dhisattvovsk\u00fdch post\u00e1v v\u00fdchodnej \u00c1zie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a44f4a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a44f4a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1765563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1765563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Zosobnen\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne kult\u00fary, s presne vymedzen\u00fdmi p\u00f4sobnos\u0165ami \u2014 sily pr\u00edrody, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom kultov, obet\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.\">Boh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/buddhizmus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Budhistick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia s b\u00f3dhisattvami, ochrann\u00fdmi bo\u017estvami, hladov\u00fdmi duchmi a str\u00e1\u017ecami pekiel.\">Budhizmus<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3325e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3325e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90cd16e elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"90cd16e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__90cd16e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0b2456 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f0b2456\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c4716c iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c4716c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159674\" alt=\"K\u0161itigarbha \u2013 bohovia z trad\u00edcie buddhizmu, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_buddhismus_ksitigarbha.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0214908 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0214908\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b1329 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0b1329\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc79855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc79855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sanskrtsk\u00e9 pramene a s\u00fatry<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f19d17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f19d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm prame\u0148om je Ksitigarbha-b\u00f3dhisattva-purvapranidh\u00e1na-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme u\u010debn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>, skr\u00e1tene Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme u\u010debn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>. Zachovala sa len v \u010d\u00ednskom preklade zo 7. storo\u010dia, jej indick\u00fd origin\u00e1l je straten\u00fd, alebo nikdy neexistoval.<\/p><p>Robert Buswell a Donald Lopez (\u201ePrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u201c, Princeton 2014) hodnotia t\u00fato <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme u\u010debn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatru<\/span> ako skladbu vzniknut\u00fa pravdepodobne v Strednej \u00c1zii alebo \u010c\u00edne, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja star\u0161ie b\u00f3dhisattvovsk\u00e9 mot\u00edvy do novej n\u00e1uky.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme u\u010debn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">S\u00fatra<\/span> opisuje viacero skor\u0161\u00edch existenci\u00ed Ksitigarbhu, v ktor\u00fdch opakovane, ako \u017eena alebo ako br\u00e1hman, zlo\u017eil <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd s\u013eub vo\u010di bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u013eub<\/span> vyslobodenia z pekiel. \u00dastredn\u00fd ver\u0161 znie pribli\u017ene: \u201eK\u00fdm nebud\u00fa pekla pr\u00e1zdne, nechcem sa sta\u0165 Buddhom, k\u00fdm nebud\u00fa vysloboden\u00e9 v\u0161etky bytosti, nechcem vst\u00fapi\u0165 do nirv\u00e1ny.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00fdm, menej rozsiahlym dielom je Dasakra-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme u\u010debn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span> Ksitigarbhu. Zaober\u00e1 sa desiatimi kolesami, ktor\u00e9 b\u00f3dhisattva ot\u00e1\u010da, aby zastavil mor\u00e1lny \u00fapadok posledn\u00fdch vekov. Oba texty s\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriaci k z\u00e1v\u00e4zne uzn\u00e1van\u00e9mu s\u00faboru p\u00edsiem n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonicky<\/span> zakotven\u00e9 vo v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch zbierkach Tripitaky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe85b6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe85b6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac0183d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac0183d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcia v pante\u00f3ne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d06f78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d06f78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V \u010d\u00ednskom mah\u00e1j\u00e1ne patr\u00ed Dizang medzi \u0161tyri ve\u013ek\u00e9 b\u00f3dhisattvy, spolu s Avalokit\u00e9\u0161varom (Guanyin), Manju\u0161r\u00edm (Wenshu) a Samantabhadrom (Puxian). Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u00fdchto \u0161tyroch je spojen\u00fd s jednou sv\u00e4tou horou v \u010c\u00edne, Dizang s Jiuhua Shan v provincii Anhui. T\u00e1to trad\u00edcia \u0161tyroch h\u00f4r je dolo\u017een\u00e1 od 9. storo\u010dia a dodnes usporad\u00fava \u010d\u00ednsku buddhistick\u00fa p\u00fatnick\u00fa krajinu.<\/p><p>Funk\u010dne sa Ksitigarbha del\u00ed s Avalokit\u00e9\u0161varom o \u00falohu b\u00f3dhisattvu s\u00facitu, so zameran\u00edm na sf\u00e9ry mimo \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Zatia\u013e \u010do Avalokit\u00e9\u0161vara chr\u00e1ni bytosti v tomto svete, Ksitigarbha p\u00f4sob\u00ed v ostatn\u00fdch piatich zo \u0161iestich sf\u00e9r existencie, najm\u00e4 v pekeln\u00fdch sf\u00e9rach (naraka) a medzi hladn\u00fdmi duchmi (preta).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88e1a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a88e1a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2848bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2848bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5f7b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5f7b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ksitigarbha je zvy\u010dajne zobrazovan\u00fd ako mn\u00edch, \u010d\u00edm sa odli\u0161uje od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny ostatn\u00fdch b\u00f3dhisattvov, ktor\u00ed nosia kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 \u0161perky. Nos\u00ed khakkharu, mn\u00ed\u0161sku palicu so zvon\u010dekov\u00fdmi kr\u00fa\u017ekami, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010dasne otv\u00e1ra\u0165 br\u00e1ny pekiel a odpudzova\u0165 hmyz, ktor\u00fd sa na neho prichyt\u00ed, aby mn\u00edch neubl\u00ed\u017eil \u017eiadnej \u017eivej bytosti.<\/p><p>V \u013eavej ruke dr\u017e\u00ed cintamani, drahokam splnen\u00fdch prian\u00ed, ktor\u00fd prin\u00e1\u0161a svetlo do temn\u00fdch sf\u00e9r. Jeho hlava je vyholen\u00e1 ako u plne vysv\u00e4ten\u00e9ho mn\u00edcha. Japonsk\u00e1 ikonografia Jizo prevzala t\u00fato z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ju zjednodu\u0161ila, mal\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 sochy pri cest\u00e1ch s\u00fa charakteristickou \u013eudovon\u00e1bo\u017eenskou formou odvodenou od kanonick\u00e9ho vzoru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2620dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2620dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb2e2e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb2e2e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jiuhua Shan a legenda o Kimovi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e17f5b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e17f5b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hora Jiuhua v provincii Anhui je od 8. storo\u010dia hlavn\u00fdm centrom uctievania Dizanga. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vzdel\u00e1vacie rozpr\u00e1vanie, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou o \u017eivote sv\u00e4t\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">Legenda<\/span> sp\u00e1ja horu s k\u00f3rejsk\u00fdm princom menom Kim Gyo-gak (\u010d\u00ednsky Jin Qiaojue), ktor\u00fd okolo roku 720 pri\u0161iel do \u010c\u00edny ako mn\u00edch a viedol na hore asketick\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p><p>Zomrel \u00fadajne v 99 rokoch, jeho telo bolo po troch rokoch n\u00e1jden\u00e9 nedotknut\u00e9 rozkladom, \u010do sa pod\u013ea buddhistick\u00e9ho ch\u00e1pania pova\u017eovalo za znak jeho osvietenia. Bol uctievan\u00fd ako inkarn\u00e1cia Ksitigarbhu.<\/p><p>Historick\u00fa osobu je z h\u013eadiska kritiky prame\u0148ov \u0165a\u017eko uchopi\u0165, archeologick\u00fd a liter\u00e1rny materi\u00e1l v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje re\u00e1lne jadro. Hans Steininger (\u201eBuddhistische Pilgerst\u00e4tten Chinas\u201c, Wiesbaden 1976) podrobne zrekon\u0161truoval vznik kultu na hore Jiuhua Shan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a107da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a107da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-125645b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"125645b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jizo v Japonsku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f38ebe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f38ebe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V Japonsku sa Jizo vyvinul vlastnou cestou, ktor\u00e1 ho posunula \u010faleko za klasick\u00fd kanonick\u00fd r\u00e1mec a urobila z neho \u013eudov\u00e9 bo\u017estvo det\u00ed, p\u00fatnikov, tehotn\u00fdch \u017eien a umieraj\u00facich.<\/p><p>Dnes obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zn\u00e1me uctievanie Mizuko-Jizo sa vz\u0165ahuje na \u201evodn\u00e9 deti\u201c (mizuko), teda deti zomrel\u00e9 n\u00e1sledkom potratu, m\u0155tvo naroden\u00e9 alebo umelo preru\u0161enej gravidity. Je to modern\u00fd jav 20. storo\u010dia, najm\u00e4 po roku 1948, ke\u010f bol v Japonsku legalizovan\u00fd potrat.<\/p><p>William LaFleur uk\u00e1zal v diele \u201eLiquid Life. Abortion and Buddhism in Japan\u201c (Princeton 1992), \u017ee t\u00e1to forma nem\u00e1 kanonick\u00fd p\u00f4vod, ale je s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm komplexom spracovania sm\u00fatku, komer\u010dn\u00fdch chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch pon\u00fak a buddhistickej symboliky.<\/p><p>V protiklade k tomu stoja star\u00e9 sochy Jizo na kri\u017eovatk\u00e1ch ciest, v horsk\u00fdch priesmykoch a na cintor\u00ednoch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v Japonsku roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 od 12. storo\u010dia a maj\u00fa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 p\u00fatnikov aj zosnul\u00fdch rovnako.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f37fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93f37fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cd22f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3cd22f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Desiati pekeln\u00ed kr\u00e1li<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442474d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"442474d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V \u010d\u00ednskej \u013eudovej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcii je Ksitigarbha \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00fd so syst\u00e9mom desiatich pekeln\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eov (shidian yanjun). T\u00ed predstavuj\u00fa desa\u0165 medzis\u00fadov, ktor\u00fdmi du\u0161a prech\u00e1dza po smrti. Ksitigarbha samotn\u00fd nie je sudcom, je tou instanciou, ktor\u00e1 v ka\u017edej z t\u00fdchto oblast\u00ed prin\u00e1\u0161a s\u00facit a pomoc.<\/p><p>\u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">S\u00fatra<\/span> desiatich kr\u00e1\u013eov\u00bb (Shiwang jing), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stojace mimo uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho k\u00e1nonu.\" tabindex=\"0\">apokryfn\u00fd<\/span> text z 9. storo\u010dia, zobrazuje t\u00fato kon\u0161tel\u00e1ciu. Stephen Teiser vo svojej pr\u00e1ci \u00abThe Scripture of the Ten Kings\u00bb (Honolulu 1994) zmapoval vznik tejto predstavy zo splynutia buddhistick\u00fdch, taoistick\u00fdch a konfuci\u00e1nskych prvkov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5afb81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5afb81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae3159 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ae3159\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liturgia a ritu\u00e1l<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abac0ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abac0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ksitigarbhova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stanoven\u00fd poriadok bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej obce.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgia<\/span> zah\u0155\u0148a recit\u00e1ciu Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatry<\/span>, najm\u00e4 v obdob\u00ed po \u00famrt\u00ed. \u0160tyridsa\u0165sedemd\u0148ov\u00e1 f\u00e1za medzistavu (po \u010d\u00ednsky zhongyin), ktor\u00e1 je pod\u013ea buddhistickej n\u00e1uky du\u0161i dostupn\u00e1 a\u017e do znovuzrodenia, sa pova\u017euje za f\u00e1zu, v ktorej Dizang p\u00f4sob\u00ed najbezprostrednej\u0161ie.<\/p><p>Rodinn\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci recituj\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatru<\/span>, obetuj\u00fa vonn\u00e9 ty\u010dinky a takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 z\u00e1sluhy (punya) pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa na zosnul\u00e9ho. Dvan\u00e1s\u0165 pam\u00e4tn\u00fdch dn\u00ed v roku, kedy sa Dizang zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 uctieva, s\u00fa stanoven\u00e9 pod\u013ea \u010d\u00ednskeho lun\u00e1rneho kalend\u00e1ra; jeho hlavn\u00fd sviatok pripad\u00e1 na 30. de\u0148 7. lun\u00e1rneho mesiaca.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38727b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38727b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3434ad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3434ad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ca3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65ca3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Robert Buswell vo svojej pr\u00e1ci \u00abThe Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea\u00bb (Princeton 1989) uk\u00e1zal, ako sa Ksitigarbhov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> stal sprostredkuj\u00facim prvkom medzi buddhistickou doktr\u00ednou a \u010d\u00ednskou \u00factou k predkom. Buddhizmus sa v \u010c\u00edne mohol trvalo etablova\u0165 len preto, \u017ee d\u00e1val odpovede na ot\u00e1zku osudu mrtvych.<\/p><p>Dizang sp\u00e1ja buddhistick\u00fa n\u00e1uku o karme a znovuzroden\u00ed s \u010d\u00ednskou potrebou ochrany a orodovania za predkov. Pr\u00e1ve v tejto sprostredkuj\u00facej funkcii spo\u010d\u00edva jeden z hlavn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov jeho mimoriadnej ob\u013e\u00fabenosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c335c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c335c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd98313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd98313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zdroje a odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae558d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae558d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Prim\u00e1rne zdroje: Ksitigarbha-Bodhisattva-Purvapranidhana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span> (Dizang-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>); Dasakra-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span> Ksitigarbhu; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">S\u00fatra<\/span> desiatich kr\u00e1\u013eov (Shiwang jing).<\/p>\n<p>Sekund\u00e1rna literat\u00fara: Stephen Teiser, \u00abThe Scripture of the Ten Kings\u00bb, Honolulu 1994; William LaFleur, \u00abLiquid Life.<\/p><p>Abortion and Buddhism in Japan\u00bb, Princeton 1992; Robert Buswell, \u00abThe Formation of Ch&#8217;an Ideology in China and Korea\u00bb, Princeton 1989; Hans Steininger, \u00abBuddhistische Pilgerst\u00e4tten Chinas\u00bb, Wiesbaden 1976; Robert Buswell a Donald Lopez, \u00abPrinceton Dictionary of Buddhism\u00bb, Princeton 2014; Klaus-Josef Notz, \u00abBuddhismus\u00bb, Stuttgart 2002.<\/p><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3d36b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd3d36b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f3cf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13f3cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jiuhua Shan ako p\u00fatnick\u00e9 centrum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb5fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jiuhua Shan v provincii Anhui sa sklad\u00e1 z deviatich bl\u00edzko seba le\u017eiacich horsk\u00fdch vrcholov, ktor\u00fdch tvar mal pripom\u00edna\u0165 lotos.<\/p><p>Na vrchu sa dnes rozprestiera viac ako sedemdesiat akt\u00edvnych kl\u00e1\u0161torov a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov<\/span>, najstar\u0161ie z nich poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z 8. storo\u010dia. Hlavn\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor Huacheng Si bol zalo\u017een\u00fd v roku 401 ako \u010disto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia orientovan\u00e1 na tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoistick\u00e1<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4ty\u0148a venovan\u00e1 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148a<\/span> a okolo roku 781 bol premenen\u00fd na buddhistick\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor.<\/p><p>Ro\u010dn\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0165 dosahuje vrchol v siedmom lun\u00e1rnom mesiaci (zodpovedaj\u00facom sviatku duchov), kedy vrch nav\u0161t\u00edvi viac ako mili\u00f3n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010clovek, ktor\u00fd kon\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensky motivovan\u00fa cestu na sv\u00e4t\u00e9 miesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u00fatnikov<\/span>. Osobitos\u0165ou je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzdan\u00e1, v spolo\u010denstve pravidelne opakovan\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165.\" tabindex=\"0\">zvyk<\/span> obetova\u0165 vonn\u00e9 ty\u010dinky pri r\u00f4znych chr\u00e1moch na ceste nahor za r\u00f4znych zosnul\u00fdch.<\/p><p>\u00dapln\u00e1 p\u00fatnick\u00e1 cesta zah\u0155\u0148a zast\u00e1vky za rodi\u010dov, prarodi\u010dov, ostatn\u00fdch pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a za \u00abhladn\u00e9 duchy\u00bb bez rodiny, ktor\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lne pokrmy inak nik neprin\u00e1\u0161a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3b676 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de3b676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b530d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85b530d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mumifikovan\u00e9 tel\u00e1 ako relikvie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8258b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8258b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165ou kultu Jiuhua s\u00fa mumifikovan\u00e9 tel\u00e1 vysokopostaven\u00fdch mn\u00edchov, ktor\u00e9 sa uctievaj\u00fa ako \u00abBuddhovia z tela\u00bb (rou shen pusa). Telo k\u00f3rejsk\u00e9ho princa Kim Gyo-gaka, ktor\u00fd pod\u013ea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vzdel\u00e1vacie rozpr\u00e1vanie, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou o \u017eivote sv\u00e4tcov.\" tabindex=\"0\">legendy<\/span> \u017eil na vrchu, sa pova\u017euje za prv\u00e9 tak\u00e9to relikvi\u00e1rne telo.<\/p><p>A\u017e do 20. storo\u010dia bolo v pohor\u00ed Jiuhua identifikovan\u00fdch nieko\u013eko desiatok tak\u00fdchto mumifikovan\u00fdch mn\u00edchov; niektor\u00ed poch\u00e1dzali z doby Tang, in\u00ed z \u010dias Ming a Qing, a len m\u00e1lo z nich z konca 19. a za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to praktika je z religionistick\u00e9ho a etnografick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska v\u00fdjimo\u010dn\u00e1, sp\u00e1ja buddhistick\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a viere n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3giu<\/span> znovuzrodenia s \u010d\u00ednskymi predstavami o nesmrte\u013enom tele, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sk\u00f4r z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednska n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia orientovan\u00e1 na tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoizmu<\/span>. Bernard Faure t\u00fato praktiku sk\u00famal v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch o dejin\u00e1ch \u010d\u00ednskeho buddhizmu a analyzoval jej synkretizmy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bf0c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22bf0c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-436cae8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"436cae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prax Jizo v modernom Japonsku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b3aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b3aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V Japonsku m\u00e1 Jizo osobitne hlboko zakotven\u00e9 miesto v be\u017enej kult\u00fare. Mal\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 sochy, ktor\u00e9 stoja pri okrajoch ciest, na cintor\u00ednoch a v okol\u00ed chr\u00e1mov, obyvatelia pravidelne obliekaj\u00fa do \u010derven\u00fdch podbradn\u00edkov, \u010diapo\u010diek alebo im prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa hra\u010dky.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to v\u00fdbava je znakom starostlivosti zo strany komunity. V mestskom Tokiu existuj\u00fa chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 are\u00e1ly, kde stoj\u00ed nieko\u013eko sto s\u00f4ch Mizuko-Jizo.<\/p><p>O tie sa staraj\u00fa sm\u00fatiaci rodi\u010dia nenaroden\u00fdch alebo pred\u010dasne zosnul\u00fdch det\u00ed, \u010dasto po mnoho rokov. William LaFleur a Helen Hardacre nez\u00e1visle od seba sk\u00famali ekonomick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne aspekty tejto praxe.<\/p><p>Vidia v nej d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 spracovania sm\u00fatku, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u010dasti skomercializovan\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei uctievaniu jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov\u00fa<\/span> ekonomiku, v ktorej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei uctievaniu jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> zna\u010dne zar\u00e1baj\u00fa na predaji s\u00f4ch a na v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00fdch pam\u00e4tn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1loch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe866f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fe866f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3356a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3356a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ksitigarbha a Sviatok duchov<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b7018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90b7018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sviatok duchov, ktor\u00fd sa sl\u00e1vi 15. d\u0148a siedmeho mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho mesiaca (na Taiwane a v \u010c\u00edne dnes zvy\u010dajne v auguste), je jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00ednskych sviatkov a je \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00fd s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultom<\/span> Ksitigarbhy.<\/p><p>Po\u010das cel\u00e9ho siedmeho mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho mesiaca sa br\u00e1ny medzi svetmi pova\u017euj\u00fa za otvoren\u00e9, zosnul\u00ed a hladn\u00ed duchovia m\u00f4\u017eu vstupova\u0165 do sveta \u017eiv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Rodiny stavaj\u00fa obetn\u00e9 stoly s jedlom, vonn\u00fdmi ty\u010dinkami a papierov\u00fdmi peniazmi ur\u010den\u00fdmi predkom a bezdomovn\u00fdm duchom. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei uctievaniu jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1my<\/span> v tomto obdob\u00ed konaj\u00fa osobitn\u00e9 liturgie, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch sa recituje Dizangova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme stru\u010dne formulovan\u00fd n\u00e1ukov\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>, aby sa bytosti vysvobodili z pekiel.<\/p><p>S\u00favislos\u0165 medzi Sviatkom duchov a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultom<\/span> Dizanga je dolo\u017een\u00e1 u\u017e z \u010dias dynastie Tang, ke\u010f <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd poriadok bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgia<\/span> \u00abYulanpen Hui\u00bb (zhroma\u017edenie Ullambana) vrchol\u00ed obradmi, ktor\u00fdch textov\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom je Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme stru\u010dne formulovan\u00fd n\u00e1ukov\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f51568 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f51568\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7325a99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7325a99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fatra Dasheng Daji Dizang Shilun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b77a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2b77a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Popri zn\u00e1mom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatre<\/span> o p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd s\u013eub vo\u010di nejak\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u013euboch<\/span> b\u00f3dhisattvu K\u0161itigarbhu (Dizang pusa benyuan jing) je \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">S\u00fatra<\/span> desiatich kolies b\u00f3dhisattvu K\u0161itigarbhu\u00bb (Dasheng Daji Dizang Shilun jing, Taisho 411) \u00fastredn\u00fdm doktrin\u00e1lnym dielom.<\/p><p>Prelo\u017eil ho Xuanzang v roku 651 n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu. Obsahuje teologick\u00e9 zd\u00f4vodnenie postavenia Dizanga v mah\u00e1j\u00e1novom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn bohov nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3ne<\/span> a zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje jeho funkciu ako \u00abo\u010dis\u0165ovate\u013ea desiatich \u010dinov\u00bb.<\/p><p>V\u00fdskum Zhiru Ng (\u00abThe Making of a Savior Bodhisattva\u00bb, Honolulu 2007) ukazuje, \u017ee t\u00e1to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span> odr\u00e1\u017ea star\u0161iu indick\u00fa vrstvu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a viere nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gie<\/span> K\u0161itigarbhu, zatia\u013e \u010do Benyuan-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a budhizme n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd text v stru\u010dnej forme.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatra<\/span> predstavuje \u010d\u00ednsky \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj, ktor\u00fd bol pravdepodobne zostaven\u00fd v obdob\u00ed dynastie Sui alebo v ranej dynastii Tang a jednozna\u010dne nevych\u00e1dza z indick\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2531f9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2531f9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a4e916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a4e916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160es\u0165 ciest znovuzrodenia a zodpovednos\u0165 Ksitigarbhy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7355a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7355a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vo v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijskej trad\u00edcii je Ksitigarbha b\u00f3dhisattvom, ktor\u00fd medzi Buddhom \u0160\u00e1kjamunim a bud\u00facim pr\u00edchodom Maitreyu prevzal zodpovednos\u0165 za v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165 ciest znovuzrodenia (bohov, poloboh\u00adov, \u013eud\u00ed, zvierat, hladn\u00fdch duchov, obyvate\u013eov pekiel). T\u00e1to zodpovednos\u0165 mu bola udelen\u00e1 Buddhom \u0160\u00e1kjamunim v sc\u00e9ne Pariwarta z Benyuan-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme stru\u010dne formulovan\u00fd n\u00e1ukov\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatry<\/span>.<\/p><p>Liturgick\u00fdm d\u00f4sledkom je, \u017ee Ksitigarbha sa vz\u00fdva ako prostredn\u00edk medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi sf\u00e9rami existencie. V chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch sie\u0148ach je preto \u010dasto zobrazovan\u00fd spolo\u010dne s \u00abDesiatimi kr\u00e1\u013emi podsvetia\u00bb (Shi Wang), zoskupen\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 sa v \u010c\u00edne ust\u00e1lilo v 9. storo\u010d\u00ed a prostredn\u00edctvom Japonska a K\u00f3rey p\u00f4sob\u00ed a\u017e do dne\u0161nej pohrebnej praxe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db7b191 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db7b191\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ead0df8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ead0df8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sochy Roku-Jizo v Japonsku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4247ee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4247ee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na japonsk\u00fdch cintor\u00ednoch a pri cestn\u00fdch kri\u017eovatk\u00e1ch sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa skupiny \u0161iestich s\u00f4ch Jizo (Roku-Jizo), z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 je priraden\u00e1 jednej z \u0161iestich ciest znovuzrodenia. T\u00e1to prax sa datuje do doby Heian (9. a\u017e 12. storo\u010die) a roz\u0161\u00edrila sa v\u010faka \u0161kole Tendai.<\/p><p>Hank Glassman (\u00abThe Face of Jizo\u00bb, Honolulu 2012) sk\u00famal v\u00fdvoj s\u00f4ch Roku-Jizo ako religi\u00f3zno-sociologick\u00fd jav a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee t\u00e1to zdanlivo jednotn\u00e1 prax vykazuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 region\u00e1lne rozdiely.<\/p><p>Sochy nes\u00fa rozli\u010dn\u00e9 atrib\u00faty: palicu khakkhara (na budenie obyvate\u013eov pekiel), drahokam splnen\u00fdch \u017eelan\u00ed (\u010cint\u00e1mani), zvitok <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V hinduizme a buddhizme stru\u010dne formulovan\u00fd n\u00e1ukov\u00fd text.\" tabindex=\"0\">s\u00fatry<\/span>, p\u00fa\u010dik lotosu. V Kj\u00f3te s\u00fa stanovi\u0161tia Roku-Jizo na okraji mesta dodnes cie\u013eom p\u00fatnick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 r\u00e1mcuj\u00fa v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00fd sviatok Roku-Jizo-Meguri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fb8a91 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fb8a91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb04ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb04ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mizuko-Kuyo a priemysel sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0a53cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0a53cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prax Mizuko-Kuyo (obradn\u00e9 modlitby za pred\u010dasne zosnul\u00e9 plody a doj\u010dat\u00e1) sa v Japonsku stala pevnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou chr\u00e1movej liturgie najm\u00e4 po roku 1948, v s\u00favislosti s legaliz\u00e1ciou preru\u0161enia tehotenstva. Jizo je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za ochrancu neupokojen\u00fdch zosnul\u00fdch, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm det\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te nedosiahli vlastn\u00fa karmick\u00fa zrelos\u0165.<\/p><p>William LaFleur (\u00abLiquid Life\u00bb, Princeton 1992) op\u00edsal n\u00e1bo\u017eenskoetick\u00fd diskurz okolo Mizuko-Kuyo ako najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edspevok modernej japonskej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej praxe k bioetike.<\/p><p>Komer\u010dn\u00fd rozmer je zna\u010dn\u00fd: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei uctievaniu jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> ako Hase-dera v Kamakure hostia tis\u00edce mal\u00fdch so\u0161iek Jizo, ktor\u00e9 daruj\u00fa rodi\u010dia. Kritika komercializ\u00e1cie sa vedie priamo v r\u00e1mci buddhistick\u00fdch zv\u00e4zov, bez toho, aby to prax podstatne obmedzilo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b92766 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b92766\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2068be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2068be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ksitigarbha vo vad\u017eraj\u00e1ne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ac0c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8ac0c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V tibetskom budhizme vystupuje K\u0161itigarbha (Sai Nyingpo) menej v\u00fdrazne ne\u017e vo v\u00fdchodnej \u00c1zii. Patr\u00ed do skupiny \u00f4smich ve\u013ek\u00fdch b\u00f3dhisattvov (rgyal sras chen po brgyad), no len zriedka je uctievan\u00fd ako \u00fastredn\u00fd predmet praxe. Vlastn\u00fa \u00factu porovnate\u013en\u00fa s uctievan\u00edm T\u00e1ry tibetsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia nepozn\u00e1.<\/p><p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kruhov\u00fd diagram, ktor\u00fd v hinduizme a budhizme zobrazuje kozmos.\" tabindex=\"0\">mandalov\u00fdch<\/span> kon\u0161tel\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, napr\u00edklad v Garbhadhatu- a Vajradhatu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kruhov\u00fd diagram, ktor\u00fd v hinduizme a budhizme zobrazuje kozmos.\" tabindex=\"0\">mandale<\/span>, m\u00e1 K\u0161itigarbha pevn\u00e9 miesto v z\u00e1padnom sektore. Yael Bentor (\u00abConsecration of Images and Stupas in Indo-Tibetan Tantric Buddhism\u00bb, Leiden 1996) systematicky vyhodnotila postavenie K\u0161itigarbhu v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Kruhov\u00fd diagram, ktor\u00fd v hinduizme a budhizme zobrazuje kozmos.\" tabindex=\"0\">mandale<\/span> v neskor\u0161ej tibetskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevne stanoven\u00fd poriadok bohoslu\u017eby nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgii<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96aa37a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96aa37a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254f540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"254f540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160kola Jiuhua a jej liturgick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d99b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d99b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hora Jiuhua v provincii Anhui je od neskorej dynastie Tang hlavn\u00fdm \u010d\u00ednskym centrom kultu Ksitigarbhy. Liturgick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia tu vyvinula vlastn\u00fa spevn\u00fa formu naz\u00fdvan\u00fa \u00abJiuhua-Yinyue\u00bb, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja buddhistick\u00e9 chv\u00e1ly s miestnymi \u013eudov\u00fdmi mel\u00f3diami. UNESCO t\u00fato trad\u00edciu v roku 2008 uznalo za nehmotn\u00e9 kult\u00farne dedi\u010dstvo \u010c\u00edny.<\/p><p>Kl\u00e1\u0161tory na hore ved\u00fa vlastn\u00fa zbierku zvukov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov liturgi\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 sa od 80. rokov 20. storo\u010dia systematicky obnovuje. Kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9 mesto dnes zah\u0155\u0148a vy\u0161e osemdesiat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei uctievaniu jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov<\/span> a klauz\u00far. Hlavn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm p\u00fate je 30. de\u0148 siedmeho mesiaca pod\u013ea lun\u00e1rneho kalend\u00e1ra, narodeniny Ksitigarbhy, ke\u010f oblas\u0165 Anhui priv\u00edta stovky tis\u00edc <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010clovek, ktor\u00fd podnik\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensky motivovan\u00fa cestu na sv\u00e4t\u00e9 miesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u00fatnikov<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f161d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f161d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f87a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f87a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba2ceb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba2ceb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u010c\u00edm sa Ksitigarbha odli\u0161uje od Avalokite\u0161vary?<\/strong> Obaja s\u00fa b\u00f3dhisattvovia s\u00facitu, maj\u00fa v\u0161ak odli\u0161n\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eisk\u00e1. Avalokite\u0161vara pom\u00e1ha \u017eiv\u00fdm bytostiam v tomto svete, Ksitigarbha bytostiam v pekl\u00e1ch a v r\u00ed\u0161ach duchov. Avalokite\u0161vara je zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a zobrazovan\u00fd v kr\u00e1\u013eovskej v\u00fdzdobe, Ksitigarbha ako oholen\u00fd mn\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do je Ksitigarbha v Japonsku sp\u00e1jan\u00fd s de\u0165mi?<\/strong> Spojenie s de\u0165mi, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm so zosnul\u00fdmi nenaroden\u00fdmi de\u0165mi (mizuko), je japonsk\u00fd jav, dolo\u017een\u00fd od 12. storo\u010dia a v\u00fdrazne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed. Nem\u00e1 kanonick\u00fd z\u00e1klad v rann\u00fdch s\u00fatrach, ide o kult\u00farne \u0161pecifick\u00fa podobu buddhistickej ochrannej funkcie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ak\u00e9 je najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00e9 miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148a<\/span> Ksitigarbhy?<\/strong> Hlavnou sv\u00e4ty\u0148ou je hora Jiuhua Shan v \u010d\u00ednskej provincii Anhui. Je jednou zo \u0161tyroch sv\u00e4t\u00fdch h\u00f4r \u010d\u00ednskeho buddhizmu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ak\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00e1 slabika alebo formula, ktor\u00e1 sa v hinduizme a buddhizme opakovane recituje.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> je pripisovan\u00e1 Ksitigarbhovi?<\/strong> \u0160tandardn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00e1 slabika alebo formula, ktor\u00e1 sa v hinduizme a buddhizme opakovane recituje.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> znie \u00abom ha ha ha vismaye svaha\u00bb, recituje sa najm\u00e4 po\u010das duchovn\u00fdch \u00fato\u010d\u00edsk a v ritu\u00e1loch za zosnul\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3274,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ksitigarbha","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ksitigarbha \u2013 B\u00f3dhisattva pekiel | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) je b\u00f3dhisattva, ktor\u00fd neopust\u00ed peklo, k\u00fdm nebud\u00fa vysloboden\u00e9 v\u0161etky bytosti. Ochranca zosnul\u00fdch det\u00ed. M\u00fdtus.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-158090","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ksitigarbha \u2013 B\u00f3dhisattva pekiel | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ksitigarbha (jap. Jizo) je b\u00f3dhisattva, ktor\u00fd neopust\u00ed peklo, k\u00fdm nebud\u00fa vysloboden\u00e9 v\u0161etky bytosti. Ochranca zosnul\u00fdch det\u00ed. 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