{"id":158052,"date":"2026-09-04T22:21:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158052"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:49:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:49:31","slug":"baldur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baldur\/","title":{"rendered":"Baldur"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158052\" class=\"elementor elementor-158052 elementor-3001 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aceda2a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aceda2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9a5e77 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9a5e77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f33b93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f33b93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d2b74a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d2b74a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Baldur, boh svetla a syn Odina<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1120e02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1120e02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baldur, v starosevernej forme Baldr, je svetl\u00fd boh germ\u00e1nskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch v danej kult\u00fare.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gie<\/span>, syn Odina a Friggy.<\/p><p>Jeho smr\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 vetvi\u010dkou imela, veden\u00e1 rukou slep\u00e9ho Hodra pod \u013estiv\u00fdm vplyvom Lokiho, patr\u00ed k najp\u00fatavej\u0161\u00edm rozpr\u00e1vaniam severskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcie<\/span>. Baldur je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00fdrazn\u00fd obraz, ktor\u00fd zastupuje abstraktn\u00fa my\u0161lienku.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> kr\u00e1sy, \u010distoty a nevinnej smrti. V udalostiach Ragnar\u00f6ku jeho smr\u0165 ozna\u010duje za\u010diatok konca sveta, jeho n\u00e1vrat po z\u00e1niku svetla je n\u00e1dejou na nov\u00fd, uzdraven\u00fd svet. Ako boh svetla steles\u0148uje \u010dist\u00e9 a \u017eiariv\u00e9 v germ\u00e1nskom nebi bohov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4611dfe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4611dfe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc708a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cdc708a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Personifikovan\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne danej kult\u00fary, s jasn\u00fdmi oblas\u0165ami p\u00f4sobnosti \u2014 sily pr\u00edrody, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom kultov, obet\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.\">Boh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/germanske\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Predkres\u0165ansk\u00fd svet bohov a duchov severnej a strednej Eur\u00f3py.\">Germ\u00e1nska<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cca5d83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cca5d83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd35bd elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"5cd35bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5cd35bd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5cd35bd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__5cd35bd\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8013b31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8013b31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09c30a0 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"09c30a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_baldur-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159728\" alt=\"Baldur - bohovia z germ\u00e1nskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_baldur-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_baldur-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_baldur-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_baldur.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c459d e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f0c459d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72db403 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"72db403\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99f2d96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99f2d96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00fdtus a p\u00f4vod<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-842ff73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"842ff73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Snorri Sturluson naz\u00fdva Baldura v \u00abPr\u00f3za Edde\u00bb (Gylfaginning 22) \u00abnajm\u00fadrej\u0161\u00edm z \u00c1sov, najkraj\u0161\u00edm a najl\u00e1skavej\u0161\u00edm\u00bb. Bol tak\u00fd biely, \u017ee po \u0148om je nazvan\u00e1 najsvetlej\u0161ia rastlina: ruman\u010dek (starosevernie baldursbra, \u00abBaldurova riasa\u00bb).<\/p><p>Jeho s\u00eddlom je Breidablik, sie\u0148, v ktorej nie je trpen\u00e9 ni\u010d ne\u010dist\u00e9. Baldurovou man\u017eelkou je Nanna, ich synom Forseti, boh s\u00fadu.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>V\u00fdskum vid\u00ed v Baldurovi \u00fastredn\u00fa postavu eddickej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch v danej kult\u00fare.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gie<\/span>, ktorej presn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pozadie zost\u00e1va sporn\u00e9. Sophus Bugge (1881-89) ho interpretoval ako odraz kristovskej postavy, \u010do je t\u00e9za, ktor\u00e1 je dnes vo ve\u013ekej miere odmietan\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Karl Helm (1946) ho interpretoval ako boha b\u00farky, Georges Dumezil (1953) ako umieraj\u00faceho a navracaj\u00faceho sa panovn\u00edka indoeur\u00f3pskeho typu, protip\u00f3l Mitru. Jan de Vries a Rudolf Simek preferuj\u00fa v\u00fdklad ako boha svetla a obetnej postavy, ktorej smr\u0165 znamen\u00e1 kozmologick\u00fd zvrat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Saxo Grammaticus vo svojich \u00abGesta Danorum\u00bb (kniha 3, okolo 1200) uv\u00e1dza v\u00fdrazne odli\u0161n\u00fa verziu. Baldur je tu polobohom, synom Odina, ktor\u00fd s Hodrom (Hotherusom) bojuje o ruku princeznej Nanny.<\/p><p>Baldur nakoniec zomiera vplyvom magick\u00e9ho me\u010da, ktor\u00fd patril lesnej \u017eene. T\u00e1to euhemerizovan\u00e1 verzia predstavuje Baldura ako smrte\u013en\u00e9ho hrdinu a pos\u00fava jeho smr\u0165 do rytierskeho s\u00faboja. V\u00fdskum vid\u00ed v oboch verzi\u00e1ch, eddickej i saxonskej, odrazy star\u0161ej, predliter\u00e1rnej trad\u00edcie.<\/p>\n\n<p>Euhemerizovan\u00e1 verzia Saxa Grammatica v \u00abGesta Danorum\u00bb (kniha 3) si zasluhuje osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165. U Saxa je Baldur d\u00e1nsko-n\u00f3rsky polobohom, synom Odina, ktor\u00fd so \u0161v\u00e9dskym knie\u017ea\u0165om Hotherusom (Hodrom) bojuje o ruku princeznej Nanny.<\/p><p>Boj sa vle\u010die cez viacero bitiek, Baldur je nakoniec zabit\u00fd magick\u00fdm me\u010dom, ktor\u00fd Hotherus z\u00edskal od lesnej \u017eeny. T\u00e1to verzia sa z\u00e1sadne odli\u0161uje od eddickej: ch\u00fdba tu mot\u00edv imela, ch\u00fdba nevinn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bohu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obeta<\/span>, ch\u00fdba slep\u00fd brat, namiesto toho je tu konven\u010dn\u00fd hrdinsk\u00fd boj o \u017eenu.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>V\u00fdskum diskutuje od Sophusa Buggeho \u00abStudien\u00bb (1881-89) o vz\u0165ahu oboch verzi\u00ed. Niektor\u00ed b\u00e1datelia (Bugge, Olrik) videli v Saxovej verzii neskor\u00e9 skreslenie, ktor\u00e9 pohansk\u00e9 zredukovalo na heroick\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p>In\u00ed (Dumezil, von See) ju \u010d\u00edtali ako alternat\u00edvnu trad\u00edciu, ktor\u00e1 zachov\u00e1va star\u0161ieho, menej sakralizovan\u00e9ho Baldurovho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svela.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdskum inklinuje k viacvrstvov\u00e9mu v\u00fdkladu: obe verzie odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa re\u00e1lne, ale odli\u0161n\u00e9 mytick\u00e9 trad\u00edcie, ktor\u00fdch vz\u0165ah nebol line\u00e1rny, ale komplement\u00e1rny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55da0bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55da0bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93689d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93689d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symboly a atrib\u00faty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c64625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c64625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm atrib\u00fatom Baldura je jeho \u017eiariv\u00fd vzh\u013ead. Snorri ho popisuje ako tak svetl\u00e9ho, \u017ee z neho vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa l\u00fa\u010de. Rastlina nazvan\u00e1 po \u0148om, baldursbra (Matricaria, ruman\u010dek), nesie tento svetl\u00fd symbolizmus aj v \u013eudovej viere. V D\u00e1nsku a \u0160v\u00e9dsku sa t\u00e1to rastlina pou\u017e\u00edvala a\u017e do 19. storo\u010dia ako ochrana proti zl\u00fdm duchom.<\/p>\n<p>Jeho sie\u0148 Breidablik (\u00ab\u0161iroko \u017eiariaci\u00bb) je spomenut\u00e1 v \u00abGrimnismal\u00bb 12: \u00abBreidablik sa vol\u00e1 siedma (sie\u0148), kde si Baldur vybral svoj domov, v krajine, ktor\u00fa pozn\u00e1m ako najmenej ne\u010dist\u00fa\u00bb.<\/p><p>Jeho lo\u010f Hringhorni je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch lod\u00ed, na nej je Baldur po svojej smrti sp\u00e1len\u00fd. Jeho k\u00f4\u0148 je spomenut\u00fd v \u00abGrimnismal\u00bb 30, jeho meno sa v\u0161ak nezachovalo.<\/p>\n<p>Vetvi\u010dka imela, ktorou je zabit\u00fd, je jeho paradoxn\u00fdm protiatrib\u00fatom. Imelo (Viscum album) bolo v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od roku 800 pred Kr. do roku 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriaci k bo\u017esk\u00e9mu a preto vy\u0148at\u00fd z ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4t\u00e9<\/span> a je v \u00abNaturalis Historia\u00bb Plinia (kniha 16, 95) pop\u00edsan\u00e9 ako rezan\u00e1 rastlina keltsk\u00fdch druidov.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>V germ\u00e1nskej \u013eudovej trad\u00edcii \u017eije vetvi\u010dka imela ako ambivalentn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ktor\u00fd zastupuje predstavu alebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> \u010falej: z\u00e1rove\u0148 ochrann\u00fd a smrtiaci. T\u00fato dvojzna\u010dnos\u0165 urobil James George Frazer v \u00abThe Golden Bough\u00bb (1890) \u00fastredn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ktor\u00fd zastupuje predstavu alebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolom<\/span> svojej porovn\u00e1vacej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch v danej kult\u00fare.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gie<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80cb920 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"80cb920\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bdec8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bdec8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uctievanie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85c1dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e85c1dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Priame kultov\u00e9 doklady o Baldurovi s\u00fa vz\u00e1cne. Adam z Br\u00e9m ho nespom\u00edna. Miestne n\u00e1zvy s prvkom Baldr sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v N\u00f3rsku (Baldrshagi, \u201eBaldurov h\u00e1j\u201c) a v porovnan\u00ed s miestnymi n\u00e1zvami sp\u00e4t\u00fdmi s Thorom alebo Odinom s\u00fa m\u00e1lo po\u010detn\u00e9.<\/p><p>T\u00fato slab\u00fa stopu vysvetlil Folke Str\u00f6m tak, \u017ee Baldur bol preva\u017ene liter\u00e1rnou postavou neskorej eddickej f\u00e1zy, a nie \u0161ir\u0161ie uctievan\u00fdm kultov\u00fdm bo\u017estvom.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eS\u00e1ga o Fridtjofovi\u201c a \u010fal\u0161ie islandsk\u00e9 zdroje spom\u00ednaj\u00fa Baldurovu smr\u0165 v ritu\u00e1lno-mytologickom kontexte, av\u0161ak bez v\u00fdslovn\u00fdch kultov\u00fdch foriem.<\/p><p>Snorriho popis pohrebu v Gylfaginningu 49 je najpodrobnej\u0161\u00edm zobrazen\u00edm bo\u017esk\u00e9ho pohrebu v Edde: lo\u010f sa nalo\u017e\u00ed drevom, obry\u0148a Hyrrokkin ju zatla\u010d\u00ed do vody, Thor vysv\u00e4t\u00ed pohrebn\u00fa hranicu kladivom Mj\u00f6llnir, trpasl\u00edk je rozdrven\u00fd, preto\u017ee sa pribl\u00ed\u017eil k Thorovi.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to sc\u00e9na p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako mytologick\u00fd predobraz historick\u00fdch pohrebov v lodiach, napr\u00edklad vikingsk\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov z Osebergu (834 n. l.) a Gokstadu (koniec 9. storo\u010dia).<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>R\u00e9gis Boyer vo svojom diele \u201eLa religion des anciens Scandinaves\u201c (1981) predlo\u017eil t\u00e9zu, \u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svetla.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o Baldurovej smrti a n\u00e1vrate odr\u00e1\u017eal inicia\u010dn\u00fd alebo sez\u00f3nny ritu\u00e1l, pravdepodobne s\u00favisiaci so slnovratom. Priame ritu\u00e1lne doklady ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa, nepriame stopy vo \u013eudov\u00fdch oh\u0148ov\u00fdch ritu\u00e1loch okolo letn\u00e9ho slnovratu s\u00fa v \u0160kandin\u00e1vii dobre dosved\u010den\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81d981c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"81d981c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4dde74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e4dde74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00fdty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d04084a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d04084a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dastredn\u00fdm pr\u00edbehom je Baldurova smr\u0165. Snorri ju opisuje v Gylfaginningu 49: Baldur sn\u00edva o svojej vlastnej smrti. Frigg, jeho matka, d\u00e1 prisaha\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm bytostiam, \u017ee mu neubl\u00ed\u017eia.<\/p><p>Iba imelu vynech\u00e1, preto\u017ee ho pova\u017euje za pr\u00edli\u0161 mlad\u00e9. \u00c1sovia sa zab\u00e1vaj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee h\u00e1d\u017eu na Baldura strely, ktor\u00e9 ho nezasiahnu. Loki, v podobe \u017eeny, vyl\u00e1kal z Frigg toto tajomstvo.<\/p><p>Vyrob\u00ed \u0161\u00edp z imelov\u00e9ho dreva, d\u00e1 ho slep\u00e9mu H\u00f6drovi, navedie mu ruku, a H\u00f6dr Baldura smrte\u013ene zasiahne. \u00c1sovia s\u00fa od bolesti bez slova. Herm\u00f3d, Baldurov brat, sa vyd\u00e1 na Sleipnim do Helu, aby vyprosil Baldurov n\u00e1vrat.<\/p><p>Hel s\u00fahlas\u00ed, ak bude Baldura oplak\u00e1va\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 bytos\u0165. V\u0161etci pla\u010d\u00fa, iba star\u00e1 obry\u0148a menom Th\u00f6kk, za ktorou sa skr\u00fdva Loki, slzu odmietne. Baldur zost\u00e1va v Hele a\u017e do konca Ragnar\u00f6ku.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eV\u00f6lusp\u00e1\u201c 31\u201333 rozpr\u00e1va tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svetla.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> kr\u00e1tko a zhustene. \u00dastredn\u00e9 s\u00fa najm\u00e4 slohy o osude H\u00f6dra a o V\u00e1lim, Odinovom synovi splodenom na pomstu, ktor\u00fd H\u00f6dra zabije. T\u00e1to geneal\u00f3gia ukazuje, \u017ee Baldurova smr\u0165 nie je koncom pr\u00edbehu: vyvol\u00e1va re\u0165az pomsty, ktor\u00e1 vyvrchol\u00ed Ragnar\u00f6kom.<\/p>\n<p>Tret\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svetla.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtom<\/span> je Baldurov n\u00e1vrat po z\u00e1niku sveta. \u201eV\u00f6lusp\u00e1\u201c 62 popisuje, ako sa zem vyn\u00e1ra z mora, ako sa Baldur a H\u00f6dr uzmieria, ako nast\u00e1va nov\u00fd svet. Tento Baldurov n\u00e1vrat je jedn\u00fdm z najsilnej\u0161\u00edch mot\u00edvov severskej eschatol\u00f3gie a m\u00e1 dlh\u00fa hist\u00f3riu ohlasu v kres\u0165anskom prij\u00edman\u00ed severskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gie<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Osobitne p\u00f4sobivou epiz\u00f3dou je Herm\u00f3dova jazda do Helu za osloboden\u00edm Baldura. Snorri ju v Gylfaginningu 49 podrobne opisuje: Herm\u00f3d jazd\u00ed dev\u00e4\u0165 noc\u00ed temn\u00fdmi, hlbok\u00fdmi \u00fadoliami, prekro\u010d\u00ed Gjallarbr\u00fa, most cez zlat\u00fd most, ktor\u00e9ho str\u00e1\u017eky\u0148a M\u00f3dgudr sa ho p\u00fdta na jeho z\u00e1mer, a nakoniec doraz\u00ed k Helovej sieni.<\/p><p>Tam sed\u00ed Baldur na \u010destnom mieste, a Hel pris\u013e\u00fabi, \u017ee ho pust\u00ed, ak ho bude oplak\u00e1va\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 bytos\u0165.<\/p><p>Herm\u00f3d sa s touto spr\u00e1vou vracia. \u00c1sovia vy\u0161l\u00fa posolstvo do v\u0161etk\u00fdch svetov a v\u0161etky bytosti pla\u010d\u00fa, okrem starej obryne menom Th\u00f6kk, ktor\u00e1 sed\u00ed v jaskyni. Hovor\u00ed: \u201eSo such\u00fdmi o\u010dami bude Th\u00f6kk oplak\u00e1va\u0165 Baldura. Nech si Hel zadr\u017e\u00ed, \u010do m\u00e1!\u201c Snorri poznamen\u00e1va, \u017ee mnoh\u00ed sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee t\u00e1to Th\u00f6kk bola v skuto\u010dnosti Loki.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1danie ch\u00e1palo Herm\u00f3dovu epiz\u00f3du ako jeden z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch dokladov \u0161amanistick\u00e9ho pozadia severskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gie<\/span>. Herm\u00f3d jazd\u00ed na Odinovom koni Sleipnim, osemnohom \u0161amanskom koni, cez podsvetie, prekon\u00e1va prahy a dosahuje r\u00ed\u0161u mrtvych.<\/p><p>Tento sp\u00f4sob cesty typologicky zodpoved\u00e1 \u0161amansk\u00e9mu letu, ako je dosved\u010den\u00fd v mnoh\u00fdch sib\u00edrsko-mongolsk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00e1ch. Mircea Eliade zaradil seversk\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3giu<\/span> do tohto kontextu v diele \u201eLe chamanisme et les techniques archa\u00efques de l&#8216;<span lang=\"fr\">extase<\/span>\u201c (1951).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c36b63c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c36b63c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ecc8fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ecc8fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vz\u0165ahy v pante\u00f3ne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36e5f1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36e5f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baldur je synom Odina a Frigg, otcom Forsetiho (boha s\u00fadu), bratom H\u00f6dra (slep\u00e9ho) a nevlastn\u00fdm bratom Thora, Herm\u00f3da a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch Odinov\u00fdch bo\u017e\u00edch synov.<\/p><p>Jeho \u017eena Nanna zomrie \u017eia\u013eom, ke\u010f je Baldur mrtvy, a je s n\u00edm sp\u00e1len\u00e1 na lodi Hringhorni. Forseti, ich syn, zded\u00ed s\u00eddlo Glitnir, sie\u0148 so striebornou strechou a zlat\u00fdmi st\u013apmi.<\/p>\n<p>K Lokimu je Baldur v paradoxnom vz\u0165ahu. Loki je ako \u00e1sovsk\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk \u010dasto sp\u00e1jan\u00fd s Baldurom a ostatn\u00fdmi \u00e1smi, no st\u00e1va sa n\u00e1strojom jeho smrti.<\/p><p>\u201eLokasenna\u201c 28 ukazuje, ako Loki v spore s Frigg nar\u00e1\u017ea na Baldurovu smr\u0165. T\u00e1to protikladnos\u0165 sa v neskor\u0161ej trad\u00edcii \u010doraz viac zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje a vrchol\u00ed v obraze Lokiho ako naru\u0161ite\u013ea poriadku.<\/p>\n<p>K Hel, dc\u00e9re Lokiho a vl\u00e1dkyni podsvetia, je Baldur jej zvl\u00e1\u0161tnym hos\u0165om. Herm\u00f3d mus\u00ed jazdi\u0165 dev\u00e4\u0165 noc\u00ed temn\u00fdmi \u00fadoliami, aby dosiahol Helovu sie\u0148. Tam ho prijme na \u010destnom mieste, s Baldurom pri svojom boku. T\u00e1to sc\u00e9na patr\u00ed k najp\u00f4sobivej\u0161\u00edm zobrazeniam eddick\u00e9ho podsvetia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5d4549 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f5d4549\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bcaaf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bcaaf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ohlas a vplyv<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ba3e6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ba3e6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>V kres\u0165anskej stredovekej recepcii bol Baldur u\u017e \u010doskoro \u010d\u00edtan\u00fd ako prefigur\u00e1cia Krista. Sophus Bugge rozvinul t\u00fato t\u00e9zu podrobne v diele \u00abStudien \u00fcber die Entstehung der nordischen G\u00f6tter- und Heldensagen\u00bb (1881-89). Dnes sa kristovsk\u00e1 t\u00e9za pova\u017euje za preexponovan\u00fa, av\u0161ak niektor\u00e9 paralely (umieraj\u00faci a navracaj\u00faci sa boh, nevinn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obeta<\/span>, kozmick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky) sa typologicky uzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Jacob Grimm venoval Baldurovi v \u00abDeutsche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>\u00bb (1835) samostatn\u00fa kapitolu. Videl v \u0148om sveteln\u00e9ho boha v pravom zmysle slova. V 19. storo\u010d\u00ed sa Baldur stal popul\u00e1rnym v severskej romantike a maliarstve.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Adam \u00d6hlenschl\u00e4gerova hra \u00abBaldur hin gode\u00bb (1808) je dramatick\u00fdm spracovan\u00edm l\u00e1tky. Aj vo \u0161v\u00e9dskej a n\u00f3rskej n\u00e1rodnoromantickej literat\u00fare sa Baldur objavuje ako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd obraz, ktor\u00fd steles\u0148uje abstraktn\u00fa my\u0161lienku.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> \u010distoty a tragickej kr\u00e1sy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Richard Wagner Baldura do \u00abRing des Nibelungen\u00bb nezaradil, pravdepodobne preto, \u017ee t\u00e1to l\u00e1tka p\u00f4sobila menej heroicky a konfliktne ne\u017e pr\u00edbehy Wotana a Siegfrieda.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>V 20. storo\u010d\u00ed sa Baldur stal centr\u00e1lnou postavou porovn\u00e1vacej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gie<\/span>, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm prostredn\u00edctvom diela Jamesa Georgea Frazera \u00abThe Golden Bough\u00bb (12 zv., 1890-1915), kde sa m\u00fdtus o imele stal v\u00fdchodiskom rozsiahlej te\u00f3rie o umieraj\u00facich a znovuvst\u00e1vaj\u00facich bohoch.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2c714 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb2c714\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbe191d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cbe191d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae3e8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ae3e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V porovn\u00e1vacej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gii<\/span> je Baldur zara\u010fovan\u00fd k typu \u00abumieraj\u00faceho a znovu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho boha\u00bb, popri Adonisovi, Tammuzovi, Ozirisovi a Kristovi.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Toto typologick\u00e9 zaradenie popularizoval Frazer a systematizovali ho neskor\u0161\u00ed b\u00e1datelia ako Mircea Eliade (\u00abLe mythe de l&#8217;eternel retour\u00bb, 1949). Kritiku vyslovil Jonathan Z. Smith (\u00abDrudgery Divine\u00bb, 1990), ktor\u00fd ozna\u010dil typologick\u00e9 stoto\u017e\u0148ovanie za pr\u00edli\u0161 pau\u0161\u00e1lne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Georges Dumezil sa v diele \u00abLoki\u00bb (1948) a \u00abMythe et epopee\u00bb (1968-73) pok\u00fasil zaradi\u0165 Baldura do indoeur\u00f3pskeho modelu troch funkci\u00ed. Baldur je pod\u013ea neho \u010dist\u00fd, nedelen\u00fd suver\u00e9n, ktor\u00e9ho smr\u0165 otriasa poriadkom sveta.<\/span><\/p><p>Tento v\u00fdklad prevzali a spresnili Edgar Polome a Jens Peter Schjodt. Polome vid\u00ed v Baldurovi aspekt telesnej dokonalosti suverenity, na rozdiel od Odina (magicko-duchovn\u00fd aspekt) a Tyra (pr\u00e1vny aspekt).<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Symboliku imela porovn\u00e1vali keltol\u00f3govia a indoeur\u00f3pski b\u00e1datelia, napr\u00edklad Marie-Louise Sj\u00f6stedt v diele \u00abDieux et heros des Celtes\u00bb (1940), s keltsk\u00fdmi paralelami. V oboch trad\u00edci\u00e1ch sa imelo jav\u00ed ako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriace k bo\u017esk\u00e9mu, a t\u00fdm vy\u0148at\u00e9 z be\u017en\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia.\" tabindex=\"0\">posv\u00e4tn\u00e1<\/span> a paradoxn\u00e1 rastlina, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee prinies\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasne uzdravenie aj smr\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Frazerova t\u00e9za o umieraj\u00facom a znovu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facom bohovi pre\u0161la v nov\u0161om b\u00e1dan\u00ed diferenci\u00e1ciou. Jonathan Z. Smith v diele \u00abDrudgery Divine\u00bb (1990) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee typologick\u00e9 stoto\u017e\u0148ovanie Baldura, Krista, Adonisa, Ozirisa a Tammuza skr\u00fdva viac rozdielov ne\u017e spolo\u010dn\u00fdch \u010d\u0155t.<\/span><\/p><p>Kristus je mesi\u00e1\u0161ska sp\u00e1sonosn\u00e1 postava, Adonis je vegetat\u00edvna l\u00e1tka milostn\u00fdch myst\u00e9ri\u00ed, Oziris kozmogonick\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e, Tammuz agr\u00e1rny vegeta\u010dn\u00fd d\u00e9mon. Baldur sa do t\u00fdchto radov jednozna\u010dne nezara\u010fuje. Jeho osobitos\u0165 spo\u010d\u00edva v spojen\u00ed kozmologick\u00e9ho predzvestia Ragnar\u00f6ku a symbolu n\u00e1deje na obnovu po z\u00e1niku sveta.<\/p>\n<p>V porovn\u00e1vacom indoeur\u00f3pskom b\u00e1dan\u00ed bol Baldur opakovane porovn\u00e1van\u00fd s indick\u00fdm Tva\u0161tarom, keltsk\u00fdm Lugom a litovsk\u00fdm Velinasom. Tieto porovnania s\u00fa typologick\u00e9, nie nutne genetick\u00e9. Presn\u00fd indoeur\u00f3psky p\u00f4vod postavy Baldura zost\u00e1va otvoren\u00fd.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Edgar Polome v diele \u00abOld Norse Religious Terminology\u00bb (1969) a v neskor\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch zast\u00e1val t\u00e9zu, \u017ee Baldur je p\u00f4vodne seversk\u00fd v\u00fdtvor neskorej vikingskej doby, ktor\u00fd rezonuje so star\u0161\u00edmi indoeur\u00f3pskymi prvkami, no nie je ich priamym dedi\u010dom.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229bf7a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229bf7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59ec109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59ec109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zdroje a odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3147572 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3147572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span data-nosnippet>Prim\u00e1rne prame\u0148e: \u00abProsa-Edda\u00bb (Snorri Sturluson, okolo 1220), \u00abVoluspa\u00bb a \u00abGrimnismal\u00bb (Pies\u0148ov\u00e1 Edda, Codex Regius), \u00abBaldrs draumar\u00bb (Pies\u0148ov\u00e1 Edda), \u00abGesta Danorum\u00bb kniha 3 (Saxo Grammaticus, okolo 1200). Skaldsk\u00e9 b\u00e1sne u Finnura Jonssona \u00abDen norsk-islandske Skjaldedigtning\u00bb (1912-15).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sekund\u00e1rna literat\u00fara:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Jan de Vries \u00abAltgermanische Religionsgeschichte\u00bb (1956\/57).<\/span><\/li><li>Georges Dum\u00e9zil \u00abLoki\u00bb (1948).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>James George Frazer \u00abThe Golden Bough\u00bb (1890-1915).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sophus Bugge \u00abStudien \u00fcber die Entstehung der nordischen G\u00f6tter- und Heldensagen\u00bb (1881-89).<\/span><\/li><li>Karl Helm \u00abWodan\u00bb (1946).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>R\u00e9gis Boyer \u00abLa religion des anciens Scandinaves\u00bb (1981).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Margaret Clunies Ross \u00abProlonged Echoes\u00bb (1994\/98).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u010eal\u0161ie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 diela v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/literatura\/\">zozname literat\u00fary<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3218,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Baldur","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Baldur \u2013 boh svetla a syn Odina | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Baldur je germ\u00e1nsko-seversk\u00fd boh svetla a \u010distoty, syn Odina a Friggy. Jeho smr\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 Lokim od\u0161tartuje Ragnar\u00f6k.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-158052","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Baldur \u2013 boh svetla a syn Odina | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Baldur je germ\u00e1nsko-seversk\u00fd boh svetla a \u010distoty, syn Odina a Friggy. 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