{"id":158039,"date":"2026-09-04T22:20:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158039"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:49:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:49:11","slug":"atena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/atena\/","title":{"rendered":"At\u00e9na"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158039\" class=\"elementor elementor-158039 elementor-2976 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5267971 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5267971\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8380ddd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8380ddd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8e551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc8e551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37bad8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37bad8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At\u00e9na, bohy\u0148a m\u00fadrosti a ochranky\u0148a At\u00e9n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c7ec4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66c7ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ako bohy\u0148a m\u00fadrosti a ochranky\u0148a At\u00e9n sp\u00e1ja At\u00e9na rozv\u00e1\u017eny \u00fasudok s bojovnou podporou pre spolo\u010denstvo mesta. At\u00e9na, v attickom n\u00e1re\u010d\u00ed Athena, patr\u00ed medzi \u00fastredn\u00e9 postavy gr\u00e9ckeho pante\u00f3nu a pova\u017euje sa za dc\u00e9ru Dia, zroden\u00fa z jeho hlavy.<\/p><p>Je ochranky\u0148ou mesta At\u00e9ny, patr\u00f3nkou remeselnej zru\u010dnosti, vojenskej strat\u00e9gie a spravodliv\u00e9ho poriadku. Na rozdiel od Area nezosob\u0148uje krvav\u00fd boj, ale strategick\u00e9 vedenie a ochranu polis.<\/p><p>Jej pr\u00edvlastky \u00abPolias\u00bb (ochranky\u0148a mesta), \u00abPromachos\u00bb (bojovn\u00ed\u010dka v prvej l\u00ednii) a \u00abParthenos\u00bb (panna) ozna\u010duj\u00fa tri hlavn\u00e9 osi jej kultu. U Hom\u00e9ra nesie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u00fd pr\u00edvlastok, ktor\u00fd charakterizuje bo\u017estvo alebo postavu.\" tabindex=\"0\">epiteton<\/span> \u00abglaukopis\u00bb, ktor\u00e9 sa pod\u013ea v\u00fdkladu preklad\u00e1 ako \u00absovook\u00e1\u00bb alebo \u00abbystrozrak\u00e1\u00bb a odkazuje na jej prenikav\u00fd, ostra\u017eit\u00fd poh\u013ead.<\/p><p>Doklady z line\u00e1rneho p\u00edsma B z myk\u00e9nskeho obdobia zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00abpaniu Athanu\u00bb, \u010do podporuje t\u00e9zu o predgr\u00e9ckom hradnom bo\u017estve, ktor\u00e9mu v archaickom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve polis pris\u00fadili funkciu panhel\u00e9nskeho ochrann\u00e9ho bo\u017estva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e520f96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e520f96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ee25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"171ee25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Personifikovan\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne danej kult\u00fary, s jasn\u00fdmi kompetenciami \u2014 sily pr\u00edrody, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom kultov, obet\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.\">Boh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/grecko\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a mytol\u00f3gia starovek\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka od myk\u00e9nskej doby a\u017e po neskor\u00fa antiku.\">Gr\u00e9cko<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8c7f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b8c7f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49cf33 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"f49cf33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__f49cf33\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aea15e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8aea15e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4dc559 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f4dc559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159748\" alt=\"At\u00e9na - Bohovia z gr\u00e9ckej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_athene.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a56661 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9a56661\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-099658b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"099658b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74a9afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74a9afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00fdtus a rodokme\u0148<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fec0d72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fec0d72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zrodenie At\u00e9ny z hlavy Dia patr\u00ed medzi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie stvorite\u013esk\u00e9 m\u00fdty gr\u00e9ckej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcie<\/span>. H\u00e9siodos v \u00abTeog\u00f3nii\u00bb (ver\u0161e 886 a\u017e 900 a 924 a\u017e 926) opisuje, ako Zeus prehltne tehotn\u00fa M\u00e9tis, aby zvr\u00e1til predpove\u010f, pod\u013ea ktorej by ho syn z tohto zv\u00e4zku zosadil.<\/p><p>Z Diovej roz\u0161tiepenej lebky, ktor\u00fa otvoril H\u00e9faistos alebo Prom\u00e9theus sekerou, vysko\u010d\u00ed At\u00e9na v plnej v\u00fdstroji. T\u00e1to epiz\u00f3da zaklad\u00e1 jej osobit\u00e9 postavenie ako \u010disto duchovn\u00e9ho v\u00fdtvoru otca bohov, bez matky v obvyklom zmysle.<\/p><p>M\u00e9tis zost\u00e1va za\u010dlenen\u00e1 v Diovi a st\u00e1va sa zosobnen\u00edm \u013estivej m\u00fadrosti, ktor\u00fa od tej chv\u00edle otec bohov nesie v sebe; At\u00e9na t\u00fato vlastnos\u0165 vidite\u013ene prejavuje navonok.<\/p>\n<p>Pindarova siedma olympijsk\u00e1 \u00f3da (ver\u0161e 35 a\u017e 38) uv\u00e1dza rodosk\u00fd variant, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho pri zrode padal na ostrov zlat\u00fd d\u00e1\u017e\u010f a Heliovci v zhone zabudli zap\u00e1li\u0165 prv\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obetu<\/span>, a tak priniesli ohe\u0148 Rodosanom nesk\u00f4r.<\/p><p>Na Kr\u00e9te in\u00e1 trad\u00edcia umiest\u0148ovala zrodenie k jazeru Tritonis v L\u00edbyi, odkia\u013e At\u00e9na nos\u00ed pr\u00edvlastok \u00abTritogeneia\u00bb; Herodotos (IV, 180) uv\u00e1dza o l\u00edbyjskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch obradov k bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulte<\/span> At\u00e9ny u Aus\u00e9ov, spojenom s ro\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1pasom diev\u010dat pri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca uctievaniu jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1me<\/span>.<\/p><p>Etymologick\u00fd v\u00fdklad tohto pr\u00edvlastku zost\u00e1va sporn\u00fd medzi vz\u0165ahom k jazeru Tritonis a starogr\u00e9ckym \u00abtrito\u00bb v zmysle \u00abtretie zroden\u00e1\u00bb alebo \u00abprav\u00e1\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Z jednej epiz\u00f3dy s H\u00e9faistom vznik\u00e1 v attickej miestnej trad\u00edcii Erichtonios: H\u00e9faistos sa pok\u00fasi At\u00e9nu zneucti\u0165; jeho semeno padne na jej nohu, ona ho utrie vlnou a odhod\u00ed l\u00e1tku na zem, z \u010doho vznikne Erichtonios (Apollod\u00f3ros III, 14, 6).<\/p><p>At\u00e9na die\u0165a vychov\u00e1va a odovzd\u00e1va ho dc\u00e9ram Kekropa, Aglauros, Herse a Pandrosos, v uzavretej truhlici, so z\u00e1kazom ju otv\u00e1ra\u0165.<\/p><p>Aglauros a Herse truhlicu otvoria, uvidia die\u0165a obto\u010den\u00e9 hadom a v \u0161ialenstve sa vrhn\u00fa z Akropoly. Z tohto pr\u00edbehu sa odv\u00e1dza predstava autocht\u00f3nnosti At\u00e9n\u010danov: ich ran\u00ed kr\u00e1li s\u00fa \u00abzroden\u00ed zo zeme\u00bb, nie pris\u0165ahovan\u00ed. Erichtonios zalo\u017eil sviatok Panath\u00e9naje a pova\u017euje sa za vyn\u00e1lezcu \u0161tvorz\u00e1prahov\u00e9ho bojov\u00e9ho voza.<\/p>\n<p>At\u00e9na je s\u00farodenecky sp\u00e4t\u00e1 s Apol\u00f3nom, Artemis, Hermom a Areom; jej najbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed vz\u0165ah v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn bohov n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3ne<\/span> je k samotn\u00e9mu Diovi, ktor\u00e9ho pl\u00e1ny \u010dasto uskuto\u010d\u0148uje. Vlastn\u00e9 deti nem\u00e1; jej panenstvo je pre \u0148u kon\u0161titut\u00edvne a \u0161truktur\u00e1lne ju odli\u0161uje od H\u00e9ry a Demeter.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prechodn\u00e9 obdobie medzi antikou a stredovekom, pribli\u017ene 3. a\u017e 7. storo\u010die.\" tabindex=\"0\">Neskor\u00e1 antika<\/span> videla v At\u00e9ne alegoricky \u00abmyslenie\u00bb otca bohov, teda personifikovan\u00fd logos, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sob\u00ed e\u0161te pred ak\u00fdmko\u013evek stvoren\u00edm; tento v\u00fdklad rozvinuli Fil\u00f3n Alexandrijsk\u00fd a novoplat\u00f3nski autori ako Proklos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c2320c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c2320c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a0957b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a0957b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symboly, ikonografia a atrib\u00faty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d26a0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d26a0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00fdmi atrib\u00fatmi At\u00e9ny s\u00fa prilba, kopija, \u0161t\u00edt a aigis. Aigis, hrudn\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt z kozej ko\u017ee ob\u0161it\u00fd hadmi so Gorgonou v strede, sa pova\u017euje za ochrann\u00e9 znamenie prevzat\u00e9 od Zeusa. U Hom\u00e9ra nos\u00ed aigis do boja zastupuj\u00fac svojho otca.<\/p><p>Prilba, \u010dasto zdoben\u00e1 sfingou alebo Pegasom, symbolizuje jej vojnov\u00fa funkciu, k\u00fdm kopiju dr\u017e\u00ed zvy\u010dajne zvisle, nie v \u00fato\u010dnej polohe. Toto zdr\u017eanliv\u00e9 dr\u017eanie zbrane ju ukazuje ako strat\u00e9gku, nie ako bojov\u00fa furiu.<\/p>\n<p>Sova, najm\u00e4 kuvik (Athene noctua, ktor\u00fd nesie jej meno a\u017e do modernej zool\u00f3gie), je jej vt\u00e1kom u\u017e od archaick\u00e9ho obdobia. Na attick\u00fdch tetradrachm\u00e1ch sa objavuje ako heraldick\u00e9 zviera ved\u013ea hlavy bohyne; mince sa v celom Stredomor\u00ed obchodovali ako \u00abglaukes\u00bb (sovy) a dali vznikn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00edsloviu \u00abnosi\u0165 sovy do At\u00e9n\u00bb.<\/p><p>Olivovn\u00edk sa sp\u00e1ja so spom\u00ednan\u00fdm sporom s Poseid\u00f3nom: At\u00e9na zasadila prv\u00fd olivovn\u00edk na Akropole a darovala tak At\u00e9n\u010danom rastlinu, ktor\u00e1 poskytovala potravu, svetlo a lie\u010denie r\u00e1n.<\/p><p>Sv\u00e4t\u00fd olivovn\u00edk v Pandroseione sa a\u017e do neskorej r\u00edmskej doby pova\u017eoval za nezni\u010dite\u013en\u00fd; Pausanias (I, 27, 2) uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee po perzskom po\u017eiari roku 480 pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom znova vyhnal cez noc.<\/p>\n<p>Had je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm pevn\u00fdm atrib\u00fatom, a to v dvoch funkci\u00e1ch: jednak ako Erichthonios, ktor\u00e9ho At\u00e9na str\u00e1\u017eila v podobe hada, a jednak ako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ktor\u00fd zastupuje predstavu alebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> pozemskej previazanosti a lie\u010divej m\u00fadrosti.<\/p><p>Feidiova chryzelefant\u00ednov\u00e1 At\u00e9na Parthenos, ktor\u00fa popisuje Pausanias (I, 24, 5 a\u017e 7), zobrazuje bohy\u0148u v chit\u00f3ne, s Nike na vystretej pravej ruke, ved\u013ea kopije opretej o \u0161t\u00edt; v z\u00e1hybe r\u00facha sa vinie ve\u013ek\u00fd had, identifikovan\u00fd s Erichthoniom.<\/p><p>\u0160t\u00edt nesol v\u00fdjav bitky s Amazonkami, jeho vn\u00fatro gigantomachiu, sand\u00e1le kentauromachiu. Dielo bolo dvan\u00e1s\u0165 metrov vysok\u00e9, vyhotoven\u00e9 z 1140 kilogramov zlata, ktor\u00e9ho platne boli odn\u00edmate\u013en\u00e9, tak\u017ee Perikles mal v \u010dase kr\u00edzy pr\u00edstup k \u0161t\u00e1tnej zlatej rezerve.<\/p>\n<p>Popri tom sa za jej atrib\u00fat pova\u017euje tk\u00e1\u010dsky a spriadac\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. At\u00e9na \u00abErgan\u00e9\u00bb, \u00abRobotnica\u00bb, chr\u00e1nila cel\u00e9 remeslo, no predov\u0161etk\u00fdm textiln\u00e9 umenie \u017eien. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1van\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, po\u010diatkoch a poriadku svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdte<\/span> o tk\u00e1\u010dskom s\u00faboji s Arachn\u00e9 (Ov\u00eddius, Metamorf\u00f3zy VI, 5 a\u017e 145) vystupuje ako strohos\u0165 normy, ktor\u00e1 roztrh\u00e1 nadraden\u00e9, ale bohov kritizuj\u00face dielo L\u00fdd\u010danky.<\/p><p>Feidias vytvoril pre Parthen\u00f3n ka\u017edoro\u010dne nanovo utkan\u00fd peplos At\u00e9ny ako ikonografick\u00fd program: na \u0161afr\u00e1novo zafarbenom pl\u00e1tne boli v\u017edy zatkan\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny gigantomachie, v ktorej At\u00e9na zahnala obra Enkelada pod ostrov Sic\u00edliu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98b4b8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98b4b8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f302c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f302c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uctievanie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c84aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c84aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00fdm sviatkom At\u00e9ny boli Panath\u00e9naje, sl\u00e1ven\u00e9 ka\u017edoro\u010dne 28. hekatombai\u00f3nu (j\u00fal\/august), raz za \u0161tyri roky ako \u00abVe\u013ek\u00e9 Panath\u00e9naje\u00bb s zv\u00fd\u0161enou n\u00e1dherou. Za\u010d\u00ednali no\u010dn\u00fdm sprievodom s pochod\u0148ami z h\u00e1ja <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00fd porast stromov sl\u00fa\u017eiaci ako kultov\u00e9 miesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">Akad\u00e9mie<\/span> na Akropolu.<\/p><p>Vrcholom bol sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd sprievod, na ktorom sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili ob\u010dania, metojkovia a vybran\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1; nesli novo utkan\u00fd peplos pre star\u00fa dreven\u00fa kultov\u00fa sochu At\u00e9ny Polias na voze v tvare lode. Vlys Parthen\u00f3nu zobrazuje tento sprievod v d\u013a\u017eke 160 metrov s pribli\u017ene 380 \u013eudsk\u00fdmi a zvierac\u00edmi postavami.<\/p>\n<p>Na Ve\u013ek\u00fdch Panath\u00e9najach s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eili atl\u00e9ti, raps\u00f3di a hudobn\u00edci; v\u00ed\u0165azi dost\u00e1vali ako cenu amfory s vytla\u010den\u00fdm olivov\u00fdm olejom zo sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00fd porast stromov sl\u00fa\u017eiaci ako kultov\u00e9 miesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">h\u00e1ja<\/span>.<\/p><p>Tieto panath\u00e9najsk\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 amfory, s At\u00e9nou Promachos na jednej strane a pr\u00edslu\u0161nou \u0161portovou discipl\u00ednou na druhej, s\u00fa dnes jedn\u00fdm z najbohat\u0161\u00edch zdrojov pre attick\u00fa v\u00e1zov\u00fa ma\u013ebu \u0161iesteho a piateho storo\u010dia.<\/p><p>Athlotet, ktor\u00fd usporad\u00faval hry, patril medzi najvy\u0161\u0161ie \u00farady attickej demokracie. Aj Hom\u00e9rove diela sa od \u010dias Peisistrata predn\u00e1\u0161ali rapsodicky na Panath\u00e9najach, \u010do prispelo ku kanoniz\u00e1cii hom\u00e9rskych eposov.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem Panath\u00e9naj\u00ed existovali aj \u010fal\u0161ie sviatky At\u00e9ny. Pri Arrhef\u00f3ri\u00e1ch v mesiaci skirof\u00f3rion nosili \u0161tyri vysoko postaven\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1 skryt\u00fd ko\u0161\u00edk do zeme. Chalkeje v mesiaci pyanopsion boli kov\u00e1\u010dskym sviatkom pre At\u00e9nu Ergan\u00e9 a H\u00e9faista. Sk\u00edry v skirof\u00f3rione predstavovali \u00fastup \u017eien a za\u010diatok tkania nov\u00e9ho peplosu. Po\u010das Plynt\u00e9ri\u00ed bola star\u00e1 kultov\u00e1 socha vyzle\u010den\u00e1 a umyt\u00e1 v mori.<\/p><p>V tento de\u0148 sa mesto pova\u017eovalo za kultovo ne\u010dist\u00e9, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> boli uzavret\u00e9 povrazmi a politick\u00e9 rokovania boli preru\u0161en\u00e9. Tieto ritu\u00e1ly ukazuj\u00fa At\u00e9nu menej ako bojovn\u00fa a viac ako kult\u00farotvorn\u00fa bohy\u0148u, ktor\u00e1 chr\u00e1ni remeslo, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho statusu alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1ciu<\/span> a mestsk\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo.<\/p>\n<p>Mimo At\u00e9n bol jej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd po celom gr\u00e9ckom svete. V Sparte sa volala At\u00e9na Chalkioikos, \u00abv bronzovom dome\u00bb, pod\u013ea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> s bronzov\u00fdmi plat\u0148ami; v Tegei sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> At\u00e9ny Aley pova\u017eoval za jednu z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e4t\u00fd\u0148 Pelopon\u00e9zu, postaven\u00fa Skopasom.<\/p><p>V Pergamone st\u00e1lo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148a<\/span> At\u00e9ny Polias na Akropole, ved\u013ea sl\u00e1vnej kni\u017enice Attalidov. Helenistick\u00e1 At\u00e9na Nikeforos z Pergamonu sa stala ohniskom panhel\u00e9nskeho kult\u00farneho programu Attalidov, ktor\u00fd sa dovol\u00e1val At\u00e9n ako duchovnej domoviny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f5de9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2f5de9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4126cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4126cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 sv\u00e4tyne a chr\u00e1my<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa4da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faa4da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parthen\u00f3n na at\u00e9nskej Akropole, postaven\u00fd v rokoch 447 a\u017e 432 pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom za vl\u00e1dy Perikla, je najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148ou<\/span> bohyne.<\/p><p>Iktinos a Kallikrates navrhli d\u00f3rsky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>, Feidias vytvoril dvan\u00e1s\u0165 metrov vysok\u00fa zlato-slonovinov\u00fa sochu Ath\u00e9ny Parthenos. T\u00e1to stavba nesl\u00fa\u017eila ako hlavn\u00e9 kultov\u00e9 miesto, ale ako pokladnica a \u010destn\u00fd chr\u00e1m; skuto\u010dn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obrazov\u00e9 zobrazenie bo\u017estva uctievan\u00e9 v chr\u00e1me alebo sv\u00e4tyni.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultov\u00fd obraz<\/span> Ath\u00e9ny Polias sa nach\u00e1dzal v susednom Erechteione.<\/p><p>Tam sa nach\u00e1dzalo aj slan\u00e9 more spojen\u00e9 so spomienkou na spor medzi Ath\u00e9nou a Poseid\u00f3nom a posv\u00e4tn\u00fd olivov\u00fd strom. Parthen\u00f3n nosil na svojich \u0161t\u00edtoch zobrazenie zrodenia Ath\u00e9ny (v\u00fdchodn\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt) a spor s Poseid\u00f3nom (z\u00e1padn\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt); metopy zobrazovali gigantomachiu, amazonomachiu, kentauromachiu a p\u00e1d Tr\u00f3je.<\/p>\n<p>Erechteion s Korenskou halou, postaven\u00fd medzi rokmi 421 a 406, bol skuto\u010dn\u00fdm kultov\u00fdm stredobodom. Vo vn\u00fatri sa uchov\u00e1vala archaick\u00e1 dreven\u00e1 socha Ath\u00e9ny, tzv. \u201exoanon\u201c, ktor\u00e1 pod\u013ea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vzdel\u00e1vacie rozpr\u00e1vanie, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou o \u017eivote sv\u00e4t\u00fdch.\" tabindex=\"0\">legendy<\/span> spadla z neba.<\/p><p>Po\u010das Plynt\u00e9ri\u00ed sa t\u00e1to socha ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vyzliekala a um\u00fdvala v mori, podobne ako pri samovskej Tonaii bohyne H\u00e9ry. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1m<\/span> sp\u00e1ja pod jednou strechou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo posv\u00e4tnej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Ath\u00e9ny, Poseid\u00f3na-Erechtea a kr\u00e1\u013ea Kekropa, a preto sa pova\u017euje za najzlo\u017eitej\u0161iu sakr\u00e1lnu stavbu klasickej doby.<\/p>\n<p>Mimo At\u00e9n stoja Ath\u00e9nin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Sunione, na juhov\u00fdchodnom konci Attiky, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> Ath\u00e9ny Afaie na Aigine (vlastne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho aktu odovzdan\u00fd sv\u00e4t\u00e9mu, a t\u00fdm vy\u0148at\u00fd z be\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.\" tabindex=\"0\">zasv\u00e4ten\u00fd<\/span> Afai, ale \u00fazko spojen\u00fd s ikonografiou Ath\u00e9ny), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148a<\/span> Ath\u00e9ny Pronaie v Delf\u00e1ch a Ath\u00e9ny Itonie v Tes\u00e1lii.<\/p><p>V Malej \u00c1zii patrili medzi ve\u013ek\u00e9 p\u00fatnick\u00e9 miesta helenistickej doby Ath\u00e9nin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Pri\u00e9ne, postaven\u00fd Pyteom v \u0161tvrtom storo\u010d\u00ed pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> Ath\u00e9ny Lindie na Rodose. Lindsk\u00fd chr\u00e1m Ath\u00e9ny uchov\u00e1val Lindsk\u00fa kroniku, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span>, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzal najvz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie vot\u00edvne dary sv\u00e4tyne od najstar\u0161\u00edch \u010dias a\u017e po rok 99 pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb85f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fcb85f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146581b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"146581b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d591b2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d591b2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Spor s Poseidonom o Attiku patr\u00ed medzi at\u00e9nske zakladate\u013esk\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy. Apollod\u00f3ros (III, 14, 1) uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee obaja bohovia si n\u00e1rokovali t\u00fato krajinu a predst\u00fapili pred zhroma\u017edenie bohov so svojimi darmi. Poseidon udrel trojzubcom do skaly na Akropole a vyvolal prame\u0148 slanej vody (pod\u013ea inej verzie sa objavil k\u00f4\u0148); At\u00e9na zasadila olivovn\u00edk.<\/p><p>Zhroma\u017edenie bohov, alebo pod\u013ea inej verzie kr\u00e1\u013e Kekrops, rozhodlo v prospech At\u00e9ny, na\u010do Poseidon potrestal krajinu potopou. Feidias zobrazil tento spor na z\u00e1padnom \u0161t\u00edte Parthen\u00f3nu. Pausanias (I, 26, 5) doklad\u00e1 v Erechteione trhlinu v skale, ktor\u00e1 mala vznikn\u00fa\u0165 \u00fadermi trojzubca, a slan\u00fa stud\u0148u, ktor\u00e1 pri ju\u017enom vetre vonia morom.<\/p>\n<p>V tr\u00f3jskej vojne stoj\u00ed At\u00e9na d\u00f4sledne na strane Gr\u00e9kov. Sprev\u00e1dza Odysea v \u00abOdysei\u00bb, podporuje Diomeda v boji proti Aresovi a Afrodite (Ilias V) a spolu s Epeiom navrhuje dreven\u00e9ho ko\u0148a, ktor\u00fdm Tr\u00f3jania sami otvoria mestu br\u00e1nu.<\/p><p>Po v\u00ed\u0165azstve sa jej hnev obracia proti Gr\u00e9kom, preto\u017ee Ai\u00e1s Lokrijsk\u00fd zneuctil Kassandru v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1me<\/span> bohyne (Euripides, Tr\u00f3janky 48 a\u017e 97); nasleduje b\u00farka a ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat domov.<\/p><p>Spor o Palladion, dreven\u00fa so\u0161ku At\u00e9ny zachr\u00e1nen\u00fa z Tr\u00f3je, zost\u00e1va v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdte<\/span> politick\u00fdm argumentom miest, ktor\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00fa jej opateru; Argos, At\u00e9ny a nakoniec aj R\u00edm (prostredn\u00edctvom Aenea) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa so\u0161ku ako bo\u017esk\u00fa legitim\u00e1ciu svojho \u0161t\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">micle<\/span> o Med\u00faze pom\u00e1ha At\u00e9na Perseovi zo\u0165a\u0165 hlavu Gorgony t\u00fdm, \u017ee mu pod\u00e1 vyhladen\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt ako zrkadlo. Gorgonovu hlavu si potom umiestni ako stredov\u00fd prvok na svoju aigidu.<\/p><p>Apollod\u00f3ros (II, 4, 3) a Ov\u00eddius (Metamorf\u00f3zy IV, 798 a\u017e 803) pon\u00fakaj\u00fa dve odli\u0161n\u00e9 predohry pr\u00edbehu Gorgony; pod\u013ea Ov\u00eddiovej verzie bola Med\u00faza p\u00f4vodne kr\u00e1snou smrte\u013en\u00ed\u010dkou, ktor\u00fa po zneucten\u00ed Poseidonom v At\u00e9ninom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1me<\/span> sama bohy\u0148a premenila na hr\u00f4zostra\u0161n\u00fa bytos\u0165.<\/p><p>Star\u0161ia gr\u00e9cka trad\u00edcia naproti tomu pozn\u00e1 Med\u00fazu ako p\u00f4vodn\u00fa hr\u00f4zostra\u0161n\u00fa bytos\u0165 bez \u013eudskej predohry.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o Arachne (Ov\u00eddius, Metamorf\u00f3zy VI) ukazuje At\u00e9nu ako ne\u00faprosn\u00fa ochranky\u0148u poriadku bohov: l\u00fddska tk\u00e1\u010dka Arachne vyzve bohy\u0148u na s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e a vo svojej tkanine zobraz\u00ed priestupky bohov.<\/p><p>At\u00e9na roztrh\u00e1 jej dielo, udrie Arachne krosnov\u00fdm vratidlom a nakoniec ju premen\u00ed na pav\u00faka. T\u00e1to epiz\u00f3da sa v neskor\u0161ej trad\u00edcii stala v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00fdm pr\u00edbehom proti p\u00fdche. Feministick\u00fd v\u00fdskum m\u00fdtov z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00edta tento pr\u00edbeh ako \u00favahu o hranici legit\u00edmnej umeleckej kritiky vo\u010di moci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f94f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07f94f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6b8164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6b8164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vz\u0165ahy v pante\u00f3ne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c6d57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43c6d57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At\u00e9na je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fa dc\u00e9ru Dia; v \u00abIliade\u00bb je jedinou, ktor\u00e1 ako jeho z\u00e1stupky\u0148a nos\u00ed \u0161t\u00edt aigis. Jej vernos\u0165 vo\u010di otcovi je absol\u00fatna, len v jednej epiz\u00f3de (Ilias I, 396 a\u017e 406) sa spom\u00edna ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 olympskej vzbury proti nemu.<\/p><p>So svojimi s\u00farodencami Apoll\u00f3nom a Artemis udr\u017eiava pokojn\u00fd, rovnocenn\u00fd vz\u0165ah; v\u0161etci traja predstavuj\u00fa mlad\u0161iu, umeniu bl\u00edzku gener\u00e1ciu oproti star\u0161iemu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor v\u0161etk\u00fdch bohov ist\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3nu<\/span>. S Hermom sa del\u00ed o \u00falohu m\u00fadreho ochrancu, preto obaja spolo\u010dne stoja po boku Persea, Herakla a Odysea.<\/p>\n<p>Konkurencia s Poseidonom sa prejavuje v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch miestnych m\u00fdtoch, nielen v At\u00e9nach, ale aj v Troiz\u00e9ne a Argose. S Aresom panuje otvoren\u00e9 nepriate\u013estvo: At\u00e9na stoj\u00ed za strategick\u00fdm veden\u00edm vojny, Ares za opojnou bojovou z\u00farivos\u0165ou.<\/p><p>U Hom\u00e9ra At\u00e9na zran\u00ed Aresa rukou Diomeda (Ilias V, 855 a\u017e 859) a obaja sa znova stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa v theomachii v Iliade XX a XXI. S Afroditou existuje zdr\u017eanlivo nepriate\u013esk\u00fd vz\u0165ah, vyvolan\u00fd s\u00fadom Parisa; At\u00e9na mu s\u013e\u00fabila m\u00fadros\u0165 a v\u00ed\u0165azstvo vo vojne, Afrodita Helenu.<\/p>\n<p>Hefaistos je jej remeseln\u00fdm spolo\u010dn\u00edkom; spolo\u010dne boli pova\u017eovan\u00ed za ochrann\u00fdch patr\u00f3nov at\u00e9nskych remeseln\u00edkov. Hefaisteion na Agore, \u010dasto mylne naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u00abTh\u00e9seion\u00bb, bol <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho \u00fakonu odovzdan\u00e9 sv\u00e4t\u00e9mu, a t\u00fdm vy\u0148at\u00e9 z be\u017en\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">zasv\u00e4ten\u00fd<\/span> obom spolo\u010dne a je najlep\u0161ie zachovan\u00fdm d\u00f3rskym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mom<\/span> v Gr\u00e9cku.<\/p><p>Osobitn\u00fd vz\u0165ah sp\u00e1ja At\u00e9nu s hrdinami: Odyseom, Perseom, Bellerofontom (darovala mu zlat\u00fa uzdu pre Pegasa), Diomedom, I\u00e1sonom a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm Heraklom, ktor\u00fdm poskytuje podporu vo forme, ktor\u00e1 pod\u013ea hom\u00e9rskej etiky predstavuje najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 bo\u017esk\u00e9ho vyznamenania.<\/p><p>V Hesiodovom Herakleovom \u0161t\u00edte vystupuje At\u00e9na ako patr\u00f3nka, ktor\u00e1 vyzbrojuje hrdinu a vybavuje ho bo\u017eskou m\u00fadros\u0165ou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4341ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4341ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a0e01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60a0e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recepcia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94523b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e94523b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>R\u00edmska identifik\u00e1cia s Minervou prin\u00e1\u0161ala odli\u0161n\u00fd d\u00f4raz: Minerva bola p\u00f4vodne etrusk\u00e1 bohy\u0148a Menrva, ktorej funkcie sa s\u00fastre\u010fovali na remesl\u00e1 a \u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie; vojnov\u00fa dimenziu gr\u00e9ckej Ath\u00e9ny v R\u00edme pokr\u00fdvali Mars a Bellona.<\/p><p>V kapitolskej trojici s Jupiterom a Junonou zost\u00e1vala Minerva napriek tomu \u00fastrednou \u0161t\u00e1tnou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvom<\/span>, a Domici\u00e1n jej na Martovom poli vybudoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu nejak\u00e9ho bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148u<\/span>. Quinquatrus, p\u00e4\u0165d\u0148ov\u00e9 sviatky konan\u00e9 v marci, uctievali Minervu najm\u00e4 ako patr\u00f3nku u\u010dite\u013eov a \u017eiakov; Ov\u00eddius im venuje podrobn\u00fd popis vo svojom diele \u00abFasti\u00bb (III, 809 a\u017e 848).<\/p>\n<p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prechodn\u00e1 epocha medzi staroveku a stredovekom, pribli\u017ene 3. a\u017e 7. storo\u010die.\" tabindex=\"0\">neskorej antike<\/span> sa Athena Parthenos stala kult\u00farnou \u0161ifrou: Prokopios uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee socha Ath\u00e9ny Promachos st\u00e1la v Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopole e\u0161te v \u0161iestom storo\u010d\u00ed, k\u00fdm ju v roku 1203 nezni\u010dili po\u010das povstania.<\/p><p>Stredovek poznal Pallas predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ako alegorick\u00fa postavu m\u00fadrosti; v diele \u00abRoman de la Rose\u00bb a v \u00abCit\u00e9 des Dames\u00bb Christine de Pizan sa st\u00e1va ochranky\u0148ou vzdelan\u00fdch \u017eien. Boccacciov \u00abDe claris mulieribus\u00bb ju zara\u010fuje medzi vzorov\u00e9 postavy antick\u00fdch \u017eien a Petrarca sa jej venuje v diele \u00abAfrica\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Renesancia prinesla s Botticelliho \u00abPallas a Kentaur\u00bb a Mantegnov\u00fdm \u00abPallas vyh\u00e1\u0148a neresti\u00bb humanistick\u00e9 znovuobjavenie. Osemn\u00e1ste storo\u010die videlo v Pallas At\u00e9ne symbol osvietenstva, ktor\u00fd Schiller osl\u00e1vil vo svojom sl\u00e1vnom dvojver\u0161\u00ed \u00abDie sch\u00f6nste Wissenschaft\u00bb.<\/p><p>Dev\u00e4tn\u00e1ste storo\u010die z nej urobilo heraldick\u00fd symbol akad\u00e9mi\u00ed a univerz\u00edt, napr\u00edklad Akad\u00e9mie vied v Berl\u00edne a At\u00e9nskej univerzity, v predsieni ktorej stoj\u00ed socha bohyne pod\u013ea Feidiovho modelu.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie Klausa Vierneisela a Petra Zankera o ikonografii Ath\u00e9ny systematicky spracovali kult\u00farno-politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam tejto postavy v klasicizme a v dev\u00e4tn\u00e1stom storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64df9ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64df9ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb67d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eb67d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c1d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c1d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etymol\u00f3gia mena Ath\u00e9na zost\u00e1va sporn\u00e1. Indoeur\u00f3psky p\u00f4vod sa pova\u017euje za nepravdepodobn\u00fd; v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina b\u00e1date\u013eov, medzi nimi Robert Beekes, predpoklad\u00e1 predgr\u00e9cky, egejsk\u00fd p\u00f4vod. Line\u00e1rne p\u00edsmo B pozn\u00e1 ozna\u010denie \u00aba-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja\u00bb (\u00abVl\u00e1dky\u0148a Athana\u00bb) v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pise<\/span> z Knossu, \u010do nazna\u010duje bronzov\u00fa ochranky\u0148u hradu alebo pal\u00e1cov\u00e9ho mesta.<\/p><p>Martin P. Nilsson videl v Ath\u00e9ne personifik\u00e1ciu myk\u00e9nskej pal\u00e1covej vl\u00e1dkyne, ktor\u00e1 si pri prechode od pal\u00e1cov\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva k n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu mestsk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu (polis) zachovala svoju vojnov\u00fa a remeseln\u00fa funkciu.<\/p>\n<p>Z indoeur\u00f3pskeho porovn\u00e1vacieho h\u013eadiska vykazuje Ath\u00e9na \u0161truktur\u00e1lne podobnosti s r\u00edmskou Minervou (prostredn\u00edctvom etrusk\u00e9ho sprostredkovania) a s indo\u00e1rskou Sarasvat\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 tie\u017e chr\u00e1ni m\u00fadros\u0165, jazyk a umenie. \u0160pecifick\u00e9 spojenie bojovn\u00ed\u010dky, patr\u00f3nky remesiel a ochrankyne mesta je v\u0161ak v indoeur\u00f3pskom porovn\u00e1vacom materi\u00e1li zriedkav\u00e9, \u010do podporuje predpoklad egejsk\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tov\u00e9ho bo\u017estva.<\/p><p>Georges Dum\u00e9zil v r\u00e1mci svojej te\u00f3rie troch funkci\u00ed nezaradil Ath\u00e9nu jednozna\u010dne: vykazuje znaky v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch funkci\u00ed, \u010do by bolo pri indoeur\u00f3pskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estve<\/span> nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9, ale pri substr\u00e1tovom bo\u017estve o\u010dak\u00e1vate\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Walter Burkert a Jean-Pierre Vernant vypracovali \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu opoz\u00edciu medzi Ath\u00e9nou a Areom ako model gr\u00e9ckej klasifik\u00e1cie vojny: Ath\u00e9na reprezentuje kontrolovan\u00e9, na mestsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t viazan\u00e9 a nakoniec zmierliv\u00e9 vojnov\u00e9 n\u00e1silie, Ares extatick\u00fa, spolo\u010denstvo rozkladaj\u00facu bojov\u00fa z\u00farivos\u0165. T\u00e1to polarita je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k pochopeniu gr\u00e9ckej vojenskej etiky.<\/p><p>T\u00e9za Joan Connellyovej (2014), pod\u013ea ktorej fr\u00edz Parthen\u00f3nu nezobrazuje panatenajsk\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd sprievod.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiu<\/span>, ale mytick\u00fa obetu dc\u00e9r Erechtea, vyvolala nov\u00fa diskusiu o n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej koncepcii at\u00e9nskeho \u0161t\u00e1tneho kultu. Nov\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy z posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed celkovo zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa politick\u00fa funkciu Ath\u00e9ny ako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00fdrazn\u00fd obraz, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed za abstraktnou my\u0161lienkou.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolu<\/span> demokratick\u00e9ho samopotvrdenia At\u00e9n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3162f43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3162f43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb06698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb06698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pramene<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c02019 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c02019\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Hom\u00e9r, \u00abIlias\u00bb (najm\u00e4 V, XV, XX a\u017e XXII) a \u00abOdysea\u00bb (najm\u00e4 I, V, XIII). Hesiodos, \u00abTheog\u00f3nia\u00bb 886 a\u017e 900 a 924 a\u017e 926. Apollod\u00f3ros, \u00abBibliotheke\u00bb, III, 14 (spor o Attiku, Erichtonios).<\/p><p>Pausanias, \u00abPopis Gr\u00e9cka\u00bb, I, 24 a\u017e 28 (Akropola); Herodotos, \u00abHistorie\u00bb, IV, 180 (l\u00edbyjsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di nejak\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Ath\u00e9ny). Ov\u00eddius, \u00abMetamorf\u00f3zy\u00bb, VI, 5 a\u017e 145 (Arachn\u00e9) a IV, 798 a\u017e 803 (Med\u00faza).<\/p><p>Ov\u00eddius, \u00abFasti\u00bb III, 809 a\u017e 848 (Quinquatrus). Pindaros, Olympijsk\u00e9 \u00f3dy VII. Euripides, \u00abI\u00f3n\u00bb a \u00abTr\u00f3janky\u00bb.<\/p><p>Walter Burkert, \u00abGriechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche\u00bb, Stuttgart 1977. Karl Ker\u00e9nyi, \u00abDie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch nejakej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span> der Griechen\u00bb, Z\u00fcrich 1951. Jean-Pierre Vernant, \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svetu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythos<\/span> und Gesellschaft im alten Griechenland\u00bb, Frankfurt am Main 1987. Joan Breton Connelly, \u00abThe Parthenon Enigma\u00bb, New York 2014.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2982,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"At\u00e9na","_yoast_wpseo_title":"At\u00e9na \u2013 bohy\u0148a m\u00fadrosti, ochranky\u0148a At\u00e9n | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"At\u00e9na je bohy\u0148a m\u00fadrosti, strat\u00e9gie a remeseln\u00e9ho umenia, zroden\u00e1 z hlavy Dia. Ochranky\u0148a At\u00e9n, so sovou a aigis.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-158039","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>At\u00e9na \u2013 bohy\u0148a m\u00fadrosti, ochranky\u0148a At\u00e9n | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"At\u00e9na je bohy\u0148a m\u00fadrosti, strat\u00e9gie a remeseln\u00e9ho umenia, zroden\u00e1 z hlavy Dia. 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