{"id":158009,"date":"2026-09-04T22:20:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=158009"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:48:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:48:24","slug":"jabmiidaibmu-risa-mrtvych-samov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/jabmiidaibmu-risa-mrtvych-samov\/","title":{"rendered":"Jabmiidaibmu \u2013 r\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych a z\u00e1hrobie S\u00e1mov"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"158009\" class=\"elementor elementor-158009 elementor-2672 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jabmiidaibmu \u2013 r\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych a podzemn\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a zosnul\u00fdch v s\u00e1mskej trad\u00edcii<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu, p\u00edsan\u00e9 aj Jamiaibmu, J\u00e1bme-aibmu alebo Jamijmo, je r\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych predkres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sami-a-finsko-ugorska-tradicia-noaidi-buben\/\">s\u00e1mskeho<\/a> n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva. Nach\u00e1dza sa pod zemou a preb\u00fdvaj\u00fa v nej zosnul\u00ed. Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska patr\u00ed do \u0161irokej triedy podzemn\u00fdch z\u00e1hrob\u00ed v cirkumpol\u00e1rnych a severoeur\u00f3pskych mytol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovia mrtvych trad\u00edcie S\u00e1mov.\">Duchovia mrtvych<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sami-a-finsko-ugorska-tradicia-noaidi-buben\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytol\u00f3gia trad\u00edcie S\u00e1mov.\">S\u00e1movia<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"R\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych a podsvetie.\">R\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych a podsvetie<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-jabmiidaib-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159763\" alt=\"Jabmiidaibmu \u2013 duchovia zo s\u00e1mskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sami_jabmiidaibmu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu je podzemn\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych s\u00e1mskej trad\u00edcie. V prame\u0148och sa popisuje ako chladn\u00e9, tienist\u00e9 miesto, kde zosnul\u00ed \u017eij\u00fa \u010falej, hoci nie v rovnakej podobe ako na zemi.<\/p><p>Pojem sa sklad\u00e1 z <em>j\u00e1bmi<\/em>, \u010do znamen\u00e1 mrtvy, a <em>\u00e1ibmu<\/em>, \u010do znamen\u00e1 svet alebo oblas\u0165. Jabmiidaibmu teda znamen\u00e1 doslova svet mrtvych alebo oblas\u0165 mrtvych. Etymol\u00f3gia je jazykovo jasn\u00e1 a religionisticky dobre zdokumentovan\u00e1.<\/p><p>Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska patr\u00ed Jabmiidaibmu do \u0161irokej triedy podzemn\u00fdch r\u00ed\u0161 mrtvych, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa v mnoh\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch. \u0160truktur\u00e1lne porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/inuiti-a-arktida-sedna-tornit-ochranna-prax\/\">Inuitsk\u00e1<\/a> Adlivun (pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157995\">Angutu<\/a>), gr\u00e9cke podsvetie H\u00e1des, staron\u00f3rsky Helheim a mezopot\u00e1mske Kurnugia.<\/p><p>Aj r\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych Jabmiidaibmu bola v nov\u0161om v\u00fdskume presk\u00faman\u00e1 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa etnografick\u00fa presnos\u0165, jazykov\u00fa kritiku prame\u0148ov a porovn\u00e1vac\u00ed poh\u013ead. S\u00e1mska vedeck\u00e1 komunita je dnes sama s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tohto v\u00fdskumu a kriticky preveruje star\u0161ie z\u00e1padn\u00e9 v\u00fdklady z\u00e1hrobia, pokia\u013e boli ovplyvnen\u00e9 koloni\u00e1lnymi my\u0161lienkov\u00fdmi vzorcami.<\/p><p>Ako podzemn\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a zosnul\u00fdch sa Jabmiidaibmu zara\u010fuje do vzoru cirkumpol\u00e1rnej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej topografie, ktor\u00fd sa opakuje na ve\u013ek\u00fdch vzdialenostiach. Skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee si t\u00e1to \u0161trukt\u00fara zachov\u00e1va svoje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 rysy na tis\u00edcoch kilometrov, patr\u00ed k najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm zisteniam porovn\u00e1vacej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom bez vlastn\u00e9ho vyznania.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiky<\/span> a st\u00e1le sa o tom diskutuje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno Jabmiidaibmu je jazykovo transparentn\u00e1 zlo\u017een\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia. <em>J\u00e1bmi<\/em> alebo <em>j\u00e1met<\/em> znamen\u00e1 v s\u00e1m\u010dine mrtvy, zomrel\u00fd, zosnul\u00fd. <em>\u00c1ibmu<\/em> alebo <em>aibmu<\/em> znamen\u00e1 svet, oblas\u0165, sf\u00e9ru. T\u00e1to zlo\u017een\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia je v s\u00e1m\u010dine produkt\u00edvna a patr\u00ed k \u0161tandardnej terminol\u00f3gii.<\/p><p>Etymologicky je kore\u0148 <em>j\u00e1bmi<\/em> pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd s f\u00ednskym <em>j\u00e4m\u00e4<\/em>, \u010do znamen\u00e1 zvy\u0161ok alebo posledn\u00e9, a patr\u00ed k z\u00e1kladnej f\u00ednsko-ugorskej slovnej vrstve. Religijno-historick\u00e1 hloubka tohto kore\u0148a je zna\u010dn\u00e1 a odkazuje na star\u00fa vrstvu predstavy o smrti.<\/p><p>N\u00e1re\u010dov\u00e9 varianty s\u00fa Jamijmo v ju\u017enos\u00e1mskom, Jamiaibmu v umes\u00e1mskom, J\u00e1bme-aibmu v severos\u00e1mskom jazykovom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed. T\u00e1to r\u00f4znorodos\u0165 zodpoved\u00e1 be\u017enej n\u00e1re\u010dovej diferenci\u00e1cii.<\/p><p>Dopl\u0148uj\u00faco sa mo\u017eno religiosociologicky spytova\u0165, ak\u00fa funkciu mala predstava Jabmiidaibmu v soci\u00e1lnom poriadku tradi\u010dnej s\u00e1mskej komunity, napr\u00edklad pri zaobch\u00e1dzan\u00ed so smr\u0165ou, sm\u00fatkom a vztahom k zosnul\u00fdm.<\/p><p>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 predstava a spolo\u010densk\u00e1 prax neboli ani tu oddelen\u00e9, ale \u00fazko prepleten\u00e9. Toto prepletenie tvor\u00ed samostatn\u00fa oblas\u0165 religionisticko-antropologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu, ktor\u00fa systematicky presk\u00famali najm\u00e4 H\u00e5kan Rydving a Konsta Kaikkonen.<\/p><p>\u010eal\u0161\u00ed rozmer sa t\u00fdka s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych pre s\u00e1msku politiku identity. So s\u00e1mskou samospr\u00e1vou a medzin\u00e1rodnopr\u00e1vnym uznan\u00edm pr\u00e1v p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov z\u00edskavaj\u00fa tradovan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 predstavy op\u00e4\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu vidite\u013enos\u0165. Tomu, ako sa pri tom prepletaj\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdskum a politick\u00e9 uznanie, sa veda v posledn\u00fdch rokoch venuje s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pozornos\u0165ou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Topografia a popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu sa nach\u00e1dza pod zemou a nie je priamo pr\u00edstupn\u00e1. Zosnul\u00ed s\u00fa po smrti tam priv\u00e1dzan\u00ed a len \u0161amani m\u00f4\u017eu v tranze cestova\u0165 do tejto r\u00ed\u0161e, aby videli mrtvych alebo sa ich nie\u010do spytovali.<\/p><p>V prame\u0148och, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm u Schefferusa, Leema a L\u00e6stadiusa, sa Jabmiidaibmu popisuje ako chladn\u00e9, temn\u00e9, tienist\u00e9 miesto. Zosnul\u00ed tam \u017eij\u00fa \u010falej v slab\u0161ej podobe, \u010dasto ako odraz svojej pozemskej existencie, ale s utlmenou vitalitou.<\/p><p>Z h\u013eadiska religionistickej fenomenol\u00f3gie t\u00e1to predstava nie je mor\u00e1lnym trestn\u00fdm s\u00fadom v kres\u0165anskom zmysle. Jabmiidaibmu nie je pekelnou r\u00ed\u0161ou, ale r\u00ed\u0161ou mrtvych, ktor\u00e1 prij\u00edma v\u0161etk\u00fdch zosnul\u00fdch bez oh\u013eadu na ich sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota. T\u00e1to etickej hodnotenie odmietaj\u00faca koncepcia je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva vlastn\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cesta do r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cesta do r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych je v s\u00e1mskych prame\u0148och podrobne pop\u00edsan\u00e1. Du\u0161a zosnul\u00e9ho prech\u00e1dza \u013eadovou tundrou, prekra\u010duje rieku alebo hory a kone\u010dne vstupuje cez trhlinu pod zemou do Jabmiidaibmu.<\/p><p>Pri tomto prechode stoja r\u00f4zni str\u00e1\u017ecovia, ktor\u00ed du\u0161u sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa. V niektor\u00fdch prame\u0148och je str\u00e1\u017eky\u0148ou postava Akka, v in\u00fdch mu\u017esk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa prizn\u00e1va vplyv na svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>. T\u00e1to predstava str\u00e1\u017ecu je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva typick\u00e1 pre prechody do r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych.<\/p><p>\u0160amani, ktor\u00ed v tranze cestovali do Jabmiidaibmu, museli t\u00fato cestu tie\u017e absolvova\u0165. Konkr\u00e9tne popisy \u0161amanskej cesty do Jabmiidaibmu s\u00fa v prame\u0148och podrobn\u00e9, napr\u00edklad u Schefferusa, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dza dlh\u00e9 svedectvo jedn\u00e9ho noaidiho o jeho tranzovej ceste do Jabmiidaibmu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mrtvi v Jabmiidaibmu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mrtvi \u017eij\u00fa v Jabmiidaibmu v podobe, ktor\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017ea ich pozemsk\u00fa existenciu, ale je oslaben\u00e1. Maj\u00fa svoje n\u00e1stroje, svoje rodiny, svoje sobie st\u00e1da, ale v\u0161etko v slab\u0161ej forme ne\u017e na zemi.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to predstava je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva samostatn\u00fdm javom a odli\u0161uje samsk\u00fa teol\u00f3giu smrti od trad\u00edci\u00ed, v ktor\u00fdch mrtvi prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do \u00faplne inej formy existencie. U S\u00e1mov zost\u00e1va identita zosnul\u00e9ho zachovan\u00e1, redukuje sa iba intenzita.<\/p><p>Vedecky to zodpoved\u00e1 zrkadlovej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a o viere n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gii<\/span> r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych, ktor\u00e1 je dok\u00e1zan\u00e1 v mnoh\u00fdch p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch. \u0160truktur\u00e1lna shoda s in\u00fdmi trad\u00edciami je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva samostatn\u00fdm poznatkom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pohrebn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly a kontakt s mrtvymi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samsk\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly boli \u00fazko spojen\u00e9 s Jabmiidaibmu. Zosnul\u00fd bol pochovan\u00fd s n\u00e1strojmi, \u0161perkami a niekedy so zabit\u00fdmi sobmi, ktor\u00e9 by potreboval v r\u00ed\u0161i mrtvych. T\u00e1to prax prid\u00e1vania predmetov je religionisticko-etnologicky podrobne zdokumentovan\u00e1.<\/p><p>Kontakt s mrtvymi bol mo\u017en\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161amanov. Pri kr\u00edzach, chorobe alebo rodinn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostiach mohol noaidi odcestova\u0165 do Jabmiidaibmu a vypo\u010d\u00fava\u0165 mrtvych. T\u00e1to prax bola religionisticko-etnologicky centr\u00e1lnou zlo\u017ekou samsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.<\/p><p>Mrtvi sa mohli aj sami zjavi\u0165, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v snoch alebo ako duchovia, ktor\u00ed sa v mimoriadnych okamihoch stali vidite\u013en\u00fdmi. T\u00e1to predstava je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva samostatn\u00fdm javom a je roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 v mnoh\u00fdch p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jabmiidaibmu v cirkumpol\u00e1rnom porovnan\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu patr\u00ed do \u0161irokej triedy podzemn\u00fdch r\u00ed\u0161\u00ed mrtvych, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 v cirkumpol\u00e1rnych a severoeur\u00f3pskych n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch. \u0160truktur\u00e1lne porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/inuiti-a-arktida-sedna-tornit-ochranna-prax\/\">Inuitsk\u00e1<\/a> Adlivun (str\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157995\">Angutou<\/a>), staron\u00f3rsky Helheim (str\u00e1\u017een\u00fd Hel), f\u00ednska Tuonela (str\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 Tuonenom) a neneck\u00e1 Ngo&#8216;-jelba.<\/p><p>\u0160pecifikum Jabmiidaibmu spo\u010d\u00edva v podrobnom topografickom popise a v rozvinutej praxi \u0161amansk\u00fdch ciest. T\u00e1to h\u013abka trad\u00edcie je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva samostatn\u00e1 a rob\u00ed samsk\u00fa teol\u00f3giu smrti dobre sk\u00famate\u013en\u00fdm pr\u00edpadom.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci f\u00ednsko-uhorskej trad\u00edcie je f\u00ednska predstava Tuoneli najbli\u017e\u0161ou paralelou. \u0160truktur\u00e1lna pr\u00edbuznos\u0165 je zna\u010dn\u00e1 a historicky dobre zdokumentovan\u00e1. T\u00e1to pr\u00edbuznos\u0165 odkazuje na star\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00fa vrstvu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Misia a vytl\u00e1\u010danie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 misia Jabmiidaibmu \u010diasto\u010dne prek\u00f3dovala ako peklo, \u010diasto\u010dne ako o\u010distec, \u010diasto\u010dne ako limbus. T\u00e1to preinterpret\u00e1cia viedla k zna\u010dn\u00fdm teologick\u00fdm nejasnostiam, preto\u017ee samsk\u00e1 koncepcia vzdialen\u00e1 etike nezapadala jednoducho do kres\u0165anskej mor\u00e1lnej sch\u00e9my.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1lna prax pohrebu bola misiou v\u00fdrazne zmenen\u00e1. Prid\u00e1vanie predmetov bolo zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u0161amansk\u00e9 cesty do r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych kriminalizovan\u00e9. Zvy\u0161ky trad\u00edcie sa zachovali v rodinnej praxi a v \u00fastne tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vaniach.<\/p><p>Vedecky je t\u00e1to hist\u00f3ria misie samostatnou oblas\u0165ou v\u00fdskumu. Postkoloni\u00e1lne spracovanie samskej teol\u00f3gie smrti dosiahlo v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach zna\u010dn\u00fd pokrok a opravuje star\u0161ie, mision\u00e1rsky ovplyvnen\u00e9 zobrazenie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdskum a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Jabmiidaibmu je rozsiahly. H\u00e5kan Rydving, Juha Pentik\u00e4inen, Anna Lia Berthelsen a Konsta Kaikkonen systematicky b\u00e1dali teol\u00f3giu smrti a vypracovali jej \u0161pecificky samsk\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu.<\/p><p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnej samskej kult\u00fare je Jabmiidaibmu pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v joikov\u00fdch textoch, v samskej literat\u00fare a vo v\u00fdtvarnom umen\u00ed. Spisovatelia ako Nils-Aslak Valkeap\u00e4\u00e4 produkt\u00edvne prevzali predstavu r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych.<\/p><p>Vedeck\u00e9 spracovanie Jabmiidaibmu je v procese. Konkr\u00e9tne v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 medzery existuj\u00fa vo presnom vz\u0165ahu medzi Jabmiidaibmu a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158010\">Saivom<\/a> ako druh\u00fdm podzemn\u00fdm svetom samskej trad\u00edcie. Toto zdvojenie podsvetia je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva samostatn\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 odkazy v lexik\u00f3ne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jabmiidaibmu sa sp\u00e1ja so <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158010\">Saivom<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158001\">Beaivi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158002\">M\u00e1nnu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158003\">R\u00e1hkou<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158004\">Stallom<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158005\">Sara-Akkou<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158006\">Uksakkou<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158007\">Juksakkou<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=158008\">Madderakkou<\/a>. Kult\u00farny uzol <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sami-a-finsko-ugorska-tradicia-noaidi-buben\/\">Samsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/a> r\u00e1mcuje teol\u00f3giu smrti. \u0160truktur\u00e1lne podobn\u00e9 r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v rade hesiel <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/inuiti-a-arktida-sedna-tornit-ochranna-prax\/\">Inuitov<\/a> pri <em>Angutovi<\/em> a Adlivun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2483344c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2483344c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21ce3fd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp21ce3fd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situ\u00e1cia pramenov: mision\u00e1rske a folkloristick\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp208326bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp208326bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2255c84e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2255c84e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O <em>Jabmiidaibmu<\/em>, vl\u00e1dkyni samskej r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych <em>J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu<\/em>, sa nezachoval ani jeden predkres\u0165ansk\u00fd text nap\u00edsan\u00fd samotn\u00fdmi S\u00e1mmi. V\u0161etky poznatky poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z druhej ruky: zo z\u00e1znamov luter\u00e1nskych mision\u00e1rov zo 17. a za\u010diatku 18. storo\u010dia a z neskor\u0161\u00edch folkloristick\u00fdch zbierok.<\/p><p>Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edmi ran\u00fdmi svedectvami s\u00fa d\u00e1nsko-norsk\u00e9 misijn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm rukopisy z okruhu misijnej kol\u00e9giu Thomasa von Westena, ako aj pr\u00e1ce Isaaca Olsena a Jensa Kildala.<\/p><p>Tieto pramene s\u00fa dvojn\u00e1sobne filtrovan\u00e9. Po prv\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa od \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed bojovali proti samsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu a popisovali ho ako povery alebo diablovu slu\u017ebu. Po druh\u00e9 bolo ve\u013ea mien a pojmov zap\u00edsan\u00fdch pod\u013ea sluchu bez jednotn\u00e9ho pravopisu, preto sa forma mena v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p><p>Religionisti ako H\u00e5kan Rydving upozornili, \u017ee zdanlivo systematick\u00e9 zoznamy bohov od mision\u00e1rov s\u00fa \u010diasto\u010dne samy konstrukciami, ktor\u00e9 tla\u010dili samsk\u00e9 predstavy do zn\u00e1mej sch\u00e9my.<\/p><p>K tomu prispieva region\u00e1lna rozmanitos\u0165. Samsk\u00e1 kult\u00fara sa rozprestiera cez N\u00f3rsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko, F\u00ednsko a Kolsk\u00fd polostrov s viacer\u00fdmi samostatn\u00fdmi jazykmi.<\/p><p>Postava, ktor\u00e1 sa objavuje v juhosamsk\u00fdch prame\u0148och, nemusela ma\u0165 rovnak\u00fa \u00falohu v severosamsk\u00fdch alebo skoltsamsk\u00fdch podaniach. V\u00fdroky o Jabmiidaibmu by preto mali by\u0165 v\u017edy spojen\u00e9 s ot\u00e1zkou, z ak\u00e9ho regi\u00f3nu a z akej z\u00e1znamovej vrstvy poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fb0f9b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2fb0f9b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ae0b2b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ae0b2b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu ako miesto: r\u00ed\u0161a mrtvych pod zemou<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29eae327 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp29eae327\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c64f801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c64f801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V dochovan\u00fdch predstav\u00e1ch je <em>J\u00e1bmiid\u00e1ibmu<\/em> najprv miesto, r\u00ed\u0161a mrtv\u00fdch predstavovan\u00e1 pod zemou, a a\u017e v druhom rade personifikovan\u00e1 vl\u00e1dky\u0148a tejto r\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p><p>S\u00e1mske slovo obsahuje kme\u0148 pre &#8222;mrtv\u00fdch&#8220; (<em>j\u00e1bmek<\/em>) a prvok pre &#8222;svet&#8220; alebo &#8222;oblas\u0165&#8220;. Pod\u013ea z\u00e1pisov tam mrtv\u00ed \u017eili existenciu podobn\u00fa tej pozemskej, s obr\u00e1ten\u00fdmi alebo zrkadlovo prevr\u00e1ten\u00fdmi znakmi.<\/p><p>Vz\u0165ah medzi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a r\u00ed\u0161ou mrtv\u00fdch nebol kone\u010dne oddelen\u00fd. Viacer\u00e9 prameniia uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee <em>noaidi<\/em>, s\u00e1msky ritu\u00e1lny \u0161pecialista, mohol v tranze zost\u00fapi\u0165 k mrtv\u00fdm, aby s nimi rokoval, napr\u00edklad v pr\u00edpade choroby.<\/p><p>Choroba sa niekedy vysvet\u013eovala tak, \u017ee mrtv\u00ed si privol\u00e1vaj\u00fa niekoho \u017eiv\u00e9ho k sebe. Noaidi sa potom sna\u017eil pon\u00faknu\u0165 n\u00e1hradn\u00fd dar, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zviera.<\/p><p>V tejto s\u00favislosti sa objavuje personifikovan\u00e1 vl\u00e1dky\u0148a. Je to instancia, s ktorou sa rokuje, ktor\u00e1 dary prij\u00edma alebo odmieta. Na rozdiel od kres\u0165anskej smrti nie je jednozna\u010dne vykreslen\u00e1 ako hroziv\u00e1 alebo trestaj\u00faca; spr\u00e1vuje oblas\u0165, do ktorej patr\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek, a v skromn\u00fdch prame\u0148och zost\u00e1va neur\u010dit\u00e1.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to neur\u010ditos\u0165 nie je nedostatkom postavy, ale d\u00f4sledkom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcie<\/span>: mision\u00e1rov zauj\u00edmalo to, \u010do mohli ods\u00fadi\u0165 ako modloslu\u017ebu, nie jemn\u00e9 rysy vl\u00e1dkyne posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Johannes Schefferus: <em>Lapponia<\/em> (Frankfurt 1673)<\/li><li>Knud Leem: <em>Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper<\/em> (Kopenhagen 1767)<\/li><li>Lars Levi L\u00e6stadius: <em>Fragmenter i lappska mythologien<\/em> (Manuskript ca. 1840)<\/li><li>H\u00e5kan Rydving: <em>The End of Drum-Time<\/em> (Uppsala 1993)<\/li><li>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen: <em>Saamelaiset<\/em> (Helsinki 1995)<\/li><li>Konsta Kaikkonen: <em>Sami Pre-Christian Religion<\/em> (Helsinki 2020)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Jabmiidaibmu Jamiaibmu J\u00e1bme-aibmu Sami krajina mrtv\u00fdch podsvetie noaidi pohrebn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-jabmiidaibmu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa trad\u00edciu prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v trad\u00edcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sami-a-finsko-ugorska-tradicia-noaidi-buben\/\">Sami<\/a> a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kult\u00far po celom svete. 41 vrstiev, prav\u00e9 zlato, platina, striebro, vyroben\u00e9 v Nemecku. 30-d\u0148ov\u00e1 lehota na vr\u00e1tenie.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span 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.jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nie je to zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka. \u017diadny pr\u00eds\u013eub lie\u010denia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-jabmiidaib-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-jabmiidaib-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nie je zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka<\/strong> a nenahr\u00e1dza lek\u00e1rske ani psychoterapeutick\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie. 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