{"id":157975,"date":"2026-09-04T22:20:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:20:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157975"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:47:30","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:47:30","slug":"yer-sub-duch-zeme-vody-turkov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/yer-sub-duch-zeme-vody-turkov\/","title":{"rendered":"Yer-Sub \u2013 duch zeme a vody Turkov"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157975\" class=\"elementor elementor-157975 elementor-2638 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub, starotureck\u00e1 moc zeme a vody posv\u00e4tnej p\u00f4dy<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub (staroturecky <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, \u201ezem-voda\u201c) je s\u00fahrnn\u00e1 numin\u00f3zna moc posv\u00e4tnej p\u00f4dy a posv\u00e4tn\u00fdch v\u00f4d v starotureckom a sib\u00edrsko-tengristickom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskom syst\u00e9me. Dopl\u0148uje Tengriho hore a Umai uprostred do kozmologickej trojice. Tureck\u00e9 a sib\u00edrsko-tengristick\u00e9 prame\u0148e popisuj\u00fa Yer-Sub ako moc zeme a vody posv\u00e4tnej p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00edrodn\u00fd duch trad\u00edcie Sib\u00edr \/ tengrizmus.\">Pr\u00edrodn\u00fd duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytol\u00f3gia trad\u00edcie Sib\u00edr \/ tengrizmus.\">Sib\u00edr \/ tengrizmus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Moc zeme a vody.\">Moc zeme a vody<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159793\" alt=\"Yer Sub \u2013 duchovia zo sib\u00edrsko-tengristickej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub, <strong>moc zeme a vody<\/strong>, steles\u0148uje v starotureckej trad\u00edcii s\u00fa\u010dasne posv\u00e4tn\u00fa p\u00f4du a te\u010d\u00faci \u017eivel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozdiel od osobn\u00fdch bohov <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157971\">Tengriho<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157972\">Umai<\/a> alebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157974\">\u00dclgena<\/a> nie je Yer-Sub jednotlivcom, ale kolekt\u00edvnou, k miestu viazanou mocou.<\/p><p>V orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch z 8. storo\u010dia (K\u00fcl-Tigin, Bilge Kagan, Tonyukuk) sa Yer-Sub pravidelne objavuje v trojitej formule: \u201eTengri (nebo), Umai (matka) a Yer-Sub (zem-voda) n\u00e1m dali v\u00ed\u0165azstvo.\u201c T\u00e1to formula je jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch dokladov kozmologickej \u0161trukt\u00fary starotureck\u00e9ho tengrizmu.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\">sib\u00edrsko-tengristickej trad\u00edcie<\/a> prevzali mlad\u0161ie \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 postavy, p\u00e1ni vrchov, duchovia prame\u0148ov, duchovia riek, konkr\u00e9tne funkcie, ktor\u00e9 boli p\u00f4vodne kolekt\u00edvne pripisovan\u00e9 Yer-Subu. Yer-Sub sa tak v neskor\u0161ej dejinnej vrstve n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva rozvinul do mno\u017estva pomenovan\u00fdch jednotliv\u00fdch duchov, bez toho, aby zanikol ako koncept.<\/p><p>Z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva je Yer-Sub uk\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom \u201elok\u00e1lnej numinozity\u201c: na rozdiel od univerz\u00e1lnych vysok\u00fdch bo\u017estiev je t\u00e1to moc viazan\u00e1 na priestor a s\u00fastre\u010fuje sa na konkr\u00e9tnych miestach, horsk\u00fdch priesmykoch, prame\u0148och, \u00fastiach riek, skal\u00e1ch. T\u00fdm sa rad\u00ed do jednej l\u00ednie s r\u00edmskymi <em>genii loci<\/em> a japonsk\u00fdmi <em>jinu\u0161igami<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno je klasick\u00e9 starotureck\u00e9 dvandva-zlo\u017eenie: <em>yer<\/em> (\u201ezem, krajina, miesto\u201c) a <em>sub<\/em> (\u201evoda, prame\u0148, rieka\u201c). Podobn\u00e9 \u00fatvary s\u00fa dolo\u017een\u00e9 v mnoh\u00fdch indoeur\u00f3pskych a altajsk\u00fdch jazykoch; vyjadruj\u00fa, \u017ee zem a voda sa tu ch\u00e1pu nie ako dve oddelen\u00e9 veci, ale ako jeden neoddelite\u013en\u00fd p\u00e1r z\u00e1kladov \u017eivota.<\/p><p>V mongolskom svete tomuto konceptu \u010diasto\u010dne zodpoved\u00e1 <em>gazar usu<\/em> (\u201ezem-voda\u201c) resp. <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em> (\u201eMatka Zem\u201c). V samotnej Sib\u00edri poznaj\u00fa Burjati <em>lus<\/em> (duchov prame\u0148ov) a Jakuti pozemsk\u00fa sluhu boha <em>Aar Tojona<\/em>, menom <em>Aan Alakhchyn<\/em>.<\/p><p>Talat Tekin (1968) objasnil gramatick\u00fd status <em>yer sub<\/em> ako zlo\u017een\u00e9ho slova: nejde o dvoch po sebe menovan\u00fdch bohov, ale o jednu jedin\u00fa moc s dvoj\u010dlenn\u00fdm menom. Toto jazykov\u00e9 pozorovanie m\u00e1 religionistick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky, preto\u017ee implikuje integrovan\u00fa predstavu o moci zeme a vody.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00fa ikonografiu. Kde s\u00fa miestne \u0161pecializovan\u00ed duchovia zobrazovan\u00ed, deje sa to prostredn\u00edctvom kamenn\u00fdch hrom\u00e1d (<em>obo<\/em>), pop\u00edsan\u00fdch dreve\u00fdch kolov (<em>serge<\/em>), stu\u017eiek na smrekovcoch (<em>kyira<\/em>) a mal\u00fdch dreven\u00fdch fig\u00farok pri prame\u0148och. Yer-Sub ako celok zost\u00e1va nevidite\u013en\u00fd; samotn\u00e1 hmota je jeho telom.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to bezobraznos\u0165 m\u00e1 Yer-Sub spolo\u010dn\u00fa so vzdialen\u00fdm <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157971\">Tengrim<\/a>, na rozdiel od osobne-antropomorfn\u00fdch <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157974\">\u00dclgena<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157972\">Umai<\/a> alebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157973\">Erlik Khana<\/a>. Z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva ozna\u010duje rozdiel medzi kolekt\u00edvne-numin\u00f3znymi a individu\u00e1lne-personalizovan\u00fdmi mocami v r\u00e1mci <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor v\u0161etk\u00fdch bohov n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3nu<\/span>.<\/p><p>V modernej mongolskej praxi je Yer-Sub \u010diasto\u010dne stelesnen\u00e1 kamenn\u00fdmi hromadami ovoo; pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch sviatkoch sa okolo ovoo nap\u00ednaj\u00fa dlh\u00e9 modr\u00e9 \u0161atky <em>khadag<\/em>, ktor\u00fdch modr\u00e1 farba z\u00e1merne odkazuje na <em>M\u00f6ngke K\u00f6ke Tengri<\/em>, zatia\u013e \u010do samotn\u00e9 kamene reprezentuj\u00fa Yer-Sub.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00f6k-turkick\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy neobsahuj\u00fa pr\u00edbehy o Yer-Subovi, ale invok\u00e1cie. A\u017e v etnografick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamoch z 19. storo\u010dia (Radloff, Anochin, Verbickij) sa objavuj\u00fa pr\u00edbehy o jednotliv\u00fdch p\u00e1noch vrchov a riek, ktor\u00e9 spolu napl\u0148uj\u00fa spektrum Yer-Sub.<\/p><p>U Burjatov je napr\u00edklad Bajkalsk\u00e9 jazero oslovovan\u00e9 ako \u201eotec\u201c, okolit\u00e9 vrchy ako \u201ebratia\u201c, rodinn\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma, ktor\u00e1 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a moc Yer-Sub do metafor pr\u00edbuzenstva.<\/p><p>Jeden konkr\u00e9tny altajsk\u00fd pr\u00edbeh hovor\u00ed, ako vznikli vrchy, ke\u010f sa Yer-Sub vzoprel Erlikovmu pokusu zabra\u0165 zem na vlastn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie: vrchy s\u00fa stuhnut\u00e9 vlny kozmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1pasu. Tento pr\u00edbeh stoj\u00ed na rozhran\u00ed medzi kozmogonick\u00fdm a etiologick\u00fdm m\u00fdtom.<\/p><p>V jakutsk\u00fdch olonchosk\u00fdch epik\u00e1ch steles\u0148uje bohy\u0148a zeme <em>Aan Alakhchyn Khotun<\/em> jeden aspekt funkcie Yer-Sub. Preb\u00fdva vo posv\u00e4tnom strome v strede svet a d\u00e1va v\u0161etk\u00fdm \u017eiv\u00fdm bytostiam podiel svojej \u017eivej vody, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span>, ktor\u00fd epicky rozv\u00edja integr\u00e1lny koncept zeme a vody.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uctievanie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou kultovou formou je <em>ovoo<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd postup symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>: na horskom priesmyku alebo pri v\u00fdraznom prameni sa nasype hromada kame\u0148ov, ozdob\u00ed sa l\u00e1tkov\u00fdmi p\u00e1smi a uct\u00ed sa trojn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm obch\u00e1dzan\u00edm v smere hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010diek. Cestuj\u00faci prid\u00e1 kame\u0148, pastieri vylej\u00fa na zem trochu mlieka alebo kumysu.<\/p><p>Na \u0161t\u00e1tnej \u00farovni bol Yer-Sub s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ch\u00e1nskych pr\u00edsah: kto oklame ch\u00e1na, \u201epo\u0161kod\u00ed Yer-Sub\u201c a vypadne z poriadku. T\u00e1to politick\u00e1 funkcia je implicitne dosved\u010den\u00e1 aj v byzantskej spr\u00e1ve Theofylakta Simokatta (za\u010diatok 7. stor.), ke\u010f hovor\u00ed o turkick\u00fdch pr\u00edsa\u017en\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnom Mongolsku pre\u017e\u00edva ovoo-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd postup symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> n\u00e1padn\u00fa renesanciu; po roku 1990 vzniklo alebo bolo obnoven\u00fdch tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch ovoo. Caroline Humphrey t\u00fato renesanciu podrobne zdokumentovala v dielach <em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em> a <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax a apotropaika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska: ochrann\u00e9 praktiky v r\u00e1mci komplexu Yer-Sub nemaj\u00fa za cie\u013e ani tak odvr\u00e1tenie \u0161kody, ako sk\u00f4r zachovanie \u010distoty miesta.<\/p><p>Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 bolo napr\u00edklad p\u013euvanie do prame\u0148a, l\u00e1manie sv\u00e4t\u00fdch stromov alebo vykon\u00e1vanie potreby na <em>obo<\/em>. Poru\u0161enie t\u00fdchto tabu sa v r\u00e1mci trad\u00edcie pova\u017eovalo za \u201epo\u0161kodenie Yer-Sub\u201c a mohlo sa odpoveda\u0165 ne\u00faspechom na love alebo chorobou.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od apotropaikon: predmety a znaky, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa odvr\u00e1ti\u0165 ne\u0161\u0165astie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaik\u00e1<\/span> v u\u017e\u0161om zmysle predstavovalo nosenie mal\u00fdch kame\u0148ov zo sv\u00e4tej hory, vyrez\u00e1vanie ochrann\u00fdch form\u00fal na kol\u00edky u prame\u0148ov a upev\u0148ovanie zv\u00e4zkov konsk\u00fdch chvostov na prahy. Tieto praktiky s\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 v Mongolsku a v Tuve dodnes.<\/p><p>Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd detail z jakutskej trad\u00edcie: pred odchodom zo sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho miesta sa ho form\u00e1lne \u201epros\u00ed\u201c o dovolenie, \u010dasto slovami \u201e<em>Bahyy bolokhtuun<\/em>\u201c (\u201ebu\u010f milostiv\u00e1, pusti ma\u201c). T\u00e1to forma \u00facty vo\u010di krajine je z religionistickej perspekt\u00edvy klasick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom animistickej etikety.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0160truktur\u00e1lne porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s r\u00edmskym <em>genius loci<\/em>, s germ\u00e1nskymi duchmi krajiny, s keltsk\u00fdmi obyvate\u013emi <em>s\u00eddh<\/em>, v Japonsku s <em>jinu\u0161igami<\/em> trad\u00edcie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo Japonska, charakterizovan\u00e9 uctievan\u00edm kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161int\u00f3<\/span>, v Latinskej Amerike s andsk\u00fdmi <em>apus<\/em> a <em>huacas<\/em>. Vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch ide o mocnos\u0165 viazan\u00fa na miesto, kolekt\u00edvnu, ktor\u00e1 sa uctieva prostredn\u00edctvom tabu \u010distoty, nie osobn\u00fdmi m\u00fdtmi.<\/p><p>Osobitne bl\u00edzka je typologick\u00e1 pr\u00edbuznos\u0165 s \u010d\u00ednskym syst\u00e9mom miestnych bohov zeme <em>tudi gong<\/em> a s tibetsk\u00fdmi <em>sa-bdag<\/em> (\u201ep\u00e1nmi zeme\u201c). Ukazuj\u00fa sa tu kult\u00farne mosty vo vn\u00fatri Vn\u00fatornej \u00c1zie, hoci priama historick\u00e1 odvodenos\u0165 nie je preuk\u00e1zan\u00e1.<\/p><p>Z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva Yer-Sub predstavuje to, \u010do Mircea Eliade v diele <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) ozna\u010dil za \u201ehierof\u00e1niu miesta\u201c: konkr\u00e9tne miesta sa svoj\u00edm ritu\u00e1lnym ozna\u010den\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00fa sakr\u00e1lnym centrom, bez toho, aby tam musel s\u00eddli\u0165 osobn\u00fd boh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 recepcia a v\u00fdskum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnom mongolsko-tuvskom prostred\u00ed sa Yer-Sub (ako <em>gazar usu<\/em>, resp. <em>\u010der-sug<\/em>) stal \u00fastredn\u00fdm pojmom environment\u00e1lnej etiky. Viacer\u00e9 ekologicky orientovan\u00e9 mimovl\u00e1dne organiz\u00e1cie sa odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa na tradi\u010dn\u00fd ovoo-komplex ako na argumenta\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad. Akademick\u00e9 referen\u010dn\u00e9 diela: Caroline Humphrey (<em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em>, 1983; <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em>, 2002), Roberte Hamayon, Sergej Nek\u013eudov.<\/p><p>Osobitn\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 l\u00ednia sp\u00e1ja praktiku Yer-Sub so s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdmi konfliktmi okolo \u0165a\u017eby a vodn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v Mongolsku: dom\u00e1ce skupiny sa odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa nedotknute\u013enos\u0165 miest Yer-Sub, aby zablokovali ve\u013ek\u00e9 projekty. Tento politick\u00fd rozmer m\u00e1 vedeck\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky, ktor\u00e9 podrobne rozober\u00e1 Caroline Humphrey.<\/p><p>V Tuve sa od roku 1990 vytvoril zv\u00e4z \u0161amansk\u00fdch praktikov <em>D\u00fcng\u00fcr<\/em>, ktor\u00fd verejne kodifikuje ritu\u00e1ly Yer-Sub. Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je t\u00e1to kodifik\u00e1cia zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm pr\u00edpadom \u201einventariz\u00e1cie\u201c p\u00f4vodne dif\u00faznej praxe prostredn\u00edctvom modern\u00fdch spolkov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 debaty a otvoren\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dastredn\u00e1 debata sa t\u00fdka ot\u00e1zky, \u010di je Yer-Sub <em>jedin\u00fd<\/em> pojem, alebo <em>zbierny<\/em> pojem. Talat Tekin a Sergej Nek\u013eudov sa zasadzovali za integrovan\u00fd v\u00fdklad; nov\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum (napr\u00edklad B. Kellner-Heinkele) sa sk\u00f4r prikl\u00e1\u0148a k predpokladu region\u00e1lne odli\u0161n\u00fdch personaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p><p>Druh\u00e1 otvoren\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka sa t\u00fdka vz\u0165ahu medzi Yer-Sub a buddhistickou predstavou miestneho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> v Mongolsku: ko\u013eko z dne\u0161nej praxe ovoo je predbuddhistick\u00e9 a ko\u013eko je buddhisticky reformulovan\u00e9? Walther Heissig v tejto s\u00favislosti navrhol te\u00f3riu vrstiev, ktor\u00e1 je v nov\u0161om v\u00fdskume kriticky preverovan\u00e1.<\/p><p>Nakoniec, a to je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia praktick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, ako sa m\u00e1 dnes \u017eiv\u00fd komplex Yer-Sub vz\u0165ahova\u0165 k ekologick\u00fdm hnutiam bez toho, aby bol nimi zneu\u017eit\u00fd? Vn\u00fatromongolsk\u00e1 ob\u010dianska iniciat\u00edva <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku sama nasto\u013euje a poskytuje v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 pole pre religionistick\u00fa etnol\u00f3giu 20. rokov 21. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub v s\u00fa\u010dasnej environment\u00e1lnej debate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedn\u00fdm z najprekvapuj\u00facej\u0161\u00edch obratov nov\u0161ieho v\u00fdskumu tengrizmu je znovuobjavenie Yer-Subu ako referen\u010dn\u00e9ho bodu s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch environment\u00e1lnych hnut\u00ed. Mongolsk\u00e1 ob\u010dianska iniciat\u00edva <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> (zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roku 2001) protestuje proti zlat\u00fdm baniam, ktor\u00e9 ni\u010dia posv\u00e4tn\u00e9 prame\u0148e a vodn\u00e9 toky, a explicitne sa pri tom odvol\u00e1va na tradi\u010dn\u00fa \u00factu k Yer-Subovi. Caroline Humphrey t\u00fato iniciat\u00edvu zdokumentovala vo viacer\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je tento obrat ambivalentn\u00fd. Na jednej strane ukazuje pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facu vitalitu \u00fadajne \u201earchaick\u00e9ho\u201c n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho konceptu, na druhej strane v sebe skr\u00fdva riziko, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd obsah bude selekt\u00edvne a n\u00e1strojovo mobilizovan\u00fd na politick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Diferencovan\u00e1 anal\u00fdza by mala zoh\u013eadni\u0165 oba aspekty.<\/p><p>Podobn\u00e9 hnutia s\u00fa vidite\u013en\u00e9 aj v Tuve a Sachskej republike; vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa nov\u00e9 priese\u010dn\u00edky medzi religionistickou etnol\u00f3giou a politickou ekol\u00f3giou. Fenomenol\u00f3govia n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva ako Bron Taylor (<em>Dark Green Religion<\/em>, 2010) analyzovali t\u00fato kon\u0161tel\u00e1ciu ako \u201ezelen\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo\u201c a Yer-Sub uviedli ako jeden z jej pr\u00edkladov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pramene a vz\u0165ah k Kult\u00farnemu centru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kto chce \u0161tudova\u0165 komplex Yer-Sub v celej jeho \u0161\u00edrke, n\u00e1jde na preh\u013eadovej str\u00e1nke <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\">Sib\u00edrsko-tengristick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/a> najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 odkazy na pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy, ako je <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157971\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157972\">Umai<\/a> (v tonjukukskej trojici) a na svety miestne v\u00e1zan\u00fdch duchov.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1ca Talata Tekina <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968) zost\u00e1va najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm filologick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom pre staroturkick\u00fa vrstvu. Diela Caroline Humphrey <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002) a <em>Marx Went Away, But Karl Stayed Behind<\/em> (s Frankom Piekem, 1998) prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa etnografick\u00fa h\u013abku.<\/p><p>Sergej Neklyudov v diele <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, zv. 2 (Moskva 1992), pon\u00faka najkompaktnej\u0161iu rusk\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu o komplexe Yer-Sub, ktor\u00e1 by mala figurova\u0165 v ka\u017edej seri\u00f3zne zostavenej bibliografii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fenomenol\u00f3gia n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva a viazanos\u0165 na miesto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub z poh\u013eadu fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva ilustruje kateg\u00f3riu \u201emiestne viazanej numinozity\u201c, ktor\u00fa Mircea Eliade v diele <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) rozpracoval ako \u201ehierof\u00e1niu miesta\u201c. Na rozdiel od univerz\u00e1lnych vrchn\u00fdch bohov je t\u00e1to forma numinozity viazan\u00e1 na priestor a je konkr\u00e9tna.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1lne ozna\u010denie miesta (hromadami kame\u0148ov, stuhami l\u00e1tky, dreven\u00fdmi kolmi) je klasick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom toho, \u010do van Gennep nazval \u201esakraliz\u00e1ciou krajiny\u201c. Yer-Sub tu nie je osoba preb\u00fdvaj\u00faca na mieste, ale samotn\u00e1 moc, ktor\u00e1 sa st\u00e1va miestom \u2013 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie, ktor\u00e9 je z h\u013eadiska fenomenol\u00f3gie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p><p>Porovnanie s japonsk\u00fdm konceptom <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V japonskom \u0161intoizme uctievan\u00e9 duchovn\u00e9 bytosti a bo\u017esk\u00e9 sily.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em> a r\u00edmskym <em>genius loci<\/em> ukazuje, \u017ee miestne viazan\u00e1 numinozita je celosvetovo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd koncept, ktor\u00fd sa v\u0161ak v ka\u017edej trad\u00edcii formuje osobit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Yer-Sub predstavuje jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kompaktn\u00fa a dobre zdokumentovan\u00fa variantu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodologick\u00e1 reflexia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Yer-Subu prin\u00e1\u0161a viacero metodick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Prv\u00fd: samotn\u00e9 slovo je zlo\u017eeninou, ktorej presn\u00e9 gramatick\u00e9 zaradenie v starotureckom jazyku je sporn\u00e9. Tekinovo po\u0148atie ako \u201ejednej moci s dvoj\u010dlenn\u00fdm menom\u201c je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inovo akceptovan\u00e9, nie je v\u0161ak bez odporcov.<\/p><p>Druh\u00fd: identifik\u00e1cia Yer-Subu z tonjukukskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisu<\/span> s etnograficky dosved\u010den\u00fdm svetom horsk\u00fdch a pramenn\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchov<\/span> z 19.\/20. storo\u010dia je hypot\u00e9za, pri ktorej sa v\u00fdskum stal v posledn\u00fdch rokoch obozretnej\u0161\u00edm.<\/p><p>Tret\u00ed: s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 mobiliz\u00e1cia Yer-Subu pre ekologick\u00e9 hnutia je vedecky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 t\u00e9ma. Caroline Humphrey a Bron Taylor k nej priniesli d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky, bez toho, aby diskusiu uzavreli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub a mongolsk\u00fd Naadam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 si zasl\u00fa\u017ei vz\u0165ah medzi Yer-Subom a mongolsk\u00fdm letn\u00fdm festivalom <em>Naadam<\/em>. Naadam, ktor\u00fd sa sl\u00e1vi ka\u017edoro\u010dne v j\u00fali, m\u00e1 svoj p\u00f4vod v invok\u00e1ci\u00e1ch horsk\u00fdch a pramenn\u00fdch bo\u017estiev a je tak historicky spojen\u00fd s komplexom Yer-Sub.<\/p><p>Tri klasick\u00e9 \u201emu\u017en\u00e9 hry\u201c Naadamu \u2013 konsk\u00e9 dostihy, stre\u013eba z luku a z\u00e1pasenie \u2013 boli p\u00f4vodne ritu\u00e1lnymi demon\u0161tr\u00e1ciami kme\u0148ovej sily pred horsk\u00fdm patr\u00f3nom a pred Yer-Subom. Christopher Atwood t\u00fato ritu\u00e1lnu ukotvenos\u0165 podrobne pop\u00edsal vo svojej encyklop\u00e9dii (2004).<\/p><p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnom Mongolsku je Naadam ve\u013ek\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm sviatkom, ktor\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0161t\u00e1tno-sekul\u00e1rny a n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-tradi\u010dn\u00fd. Ovoo ritu\u00e1ly na za\u010diatku sviatku st\u00e1le zvidite\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa vrstvu Yer-Subu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub a archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Archeologick\u00e9 doklady o Yer-Subovi s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9, no napriek tomu v\u00fdpovedn\u00e9. V juhosib\u00edrskych vysok\u00fdch stepiach (Tuva, Altaj) sa zachovali mohyly typu <em>kurgan<\/em> a stojace kamenn\u00e9 st\u013apy zo sk\u00fdtskeho a hunsk\u00e9ho obdobia, ktor\u00e9 sa interpretuj\u00fa ako ritu\u00e1lne ozna\u010denie \u201eposv\u00e4tn\u00fdch miest\u201c. \u010ci s\u00fa tieto zna\u010denia toto\u017en\u00e9 s neskor\u0161\u00edm konceptom Yer-Sub, nie je jednozna\u010dne dolo\u017een\u00e9.<\/p><p>Mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm archeologick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom s\u00fa kamenn\u00e9 st\u013apy <em>balbal<\/em> z obdobia K\u00f6k T\u00fcrkov, ktor\u00e9 boli v radoch postaven\u00e9 pri kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch hroboch. Sergej K\u013ea\u0161tornyj sa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm obsahom t\u00fdchto st\u013apov zaoberal v diele <em>Drevnetjurkskie pis&#8217;mennye pamjatniki<\/em> (1964).<\/p><p>Sprostredkuj\u00faca t\u00e9za sp\u00e1ja tieto archeologick\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 st\u013apy s etnograficky dolo\u017een\u00fdmi st\u013apmi <em>serge<\/em> u Jakutov (Sacha): oba javy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 odrazom nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho ozna\u010dovania miest v duchu Yer-Sub, s dlh\u00fdmi l\u00edniami kontinuity a premien po\u010das dvoch tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21aa3e2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21aa3e2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2524783c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2524783c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub ako dvojpojem: zem a voda v tengrizme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274b5427 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp274b5427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c867c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c867c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 v turkick\u00fdch jazykoch znamen\u00e1 doslova zem-voda, neozna\u010duje jedno presne vymedzen\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, ale zbern\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu: celok strednej sf\u00e9ry svetla s jej horami, riekami, prame\u0148mi a lesmi, ch\u00e1pan\u00fd ako odu\u0161evnen\u00e1, hodn\u00e1 uctievania sila.<\/p><p>U\u017e starot\u00fcrkick\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy z \u00fadolia Orchon z 8. storo\u010dia, najstar\u0161ie s\u00favisl\u00e9 texty v turkickom jazyku, spom\u00ednaj\u00fa <em>yer sub<\/em> ved\u013ea nebesk\u00e9ho boha <em>Tengri<\/em> ako moc, ktor\u00e1 db\u00e1 na osud n\u00e1roda.<\/p><p>Toto ran\u00e9ho svedectvo je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee ukazuje, \u017ee ide o starobyl\u00fa, p\u00edsomne dolo\u017een\u00fa predstavu a nie o neskor\u0161iu kon\u0161trukciu etnografie. V orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch sa <em>yer sub<\/em> objavuje spolu s <em>Tengri<\/em> ako moci, ktor\u00e9 zasahuj\u00fa, ke\u010f sa n\u00e1rod dostane do n\u00fadze.<\/p><p>Presn\u00e9 teologick\u00e9 postavenie v\u0161ak zost\u00e1va otvoren\u00e9: \u010di bol <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> ch\u00e1pan\u00fd ako jednota, ako mno\u017estvo miestnych duchov, alebo ako oboje naraz, sa z kr\u00e1tkych textov n\u00e1pisov ned\u00e1 jednozna\u010dne ur\u010di\u0165.<\/p><p>V neskor\u0161\u00edch, etnograficky zdokumentovan\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00e1ch ju\u017enosib\u00edrskych turkick\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov, napr\u00edklad Altajcov a Chakasov, sa <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> \u010dasto objavuje v mno\u017enom \u010d\u00edsle ako mno\u017estvo p\u00e1nov ur\u010dit\u00fdch h\u00f4r, riek a priesmykov, ktor\u00fdm cestuj\u00faci prin\u00e1\u0161ali mal\u00e9 obety.<\/p><p>Tu sa prejavuje rovnak\u00e9 kol\u00edsanie medzi jednotou a mnohos\u0165ou ako pri mnoh\u00fdch tengristick\u00fdch pojmoch. B\u00e1danie, napr\u00edklad o altajskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve, to vyklad\u00e1 ako v\u00fdraz religiozity, ktor\u00e1 striktne neodde\u013euje miestne a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9. S\u00favisiace predstavy rozober\u00e1 pr\u00edspevok o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157979\">Buga<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Caroline Humphrey: <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Aus Sibirien<\/em> (1893)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Sergei Neklyudov: <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, zv. 2 (Moskva 1992)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Starot\u00fcrkick\u00fd <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, po\u010diatkoch a usporiadan\u00ed sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span><\/em> orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov z \u00f4smeho storo\u010dia ozna\u010duje Yer-Sub za posv\u00e4tn\u00fa dvojicu s\u00edl zeme a vody, ktor\u00e1 spolu s nebesk\u00fdm bohom Tengri zaru\u010dovala blaho vl\u00e1dcu i \u013eudu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Yer-Sub Orchon Bilge Kagan obo ovoo gazar usu Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yer-sub\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard sa nadv\u00e4zuje na kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa trad\u00edciu prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v trad\u00edcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\">Sib\u00edri \/ tengrizmu<\/a> a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kult\u00far po celom svete. 41 vrstiev, prav\u00e9 zlato, platina, striebro, vyroben\u00e9 v Nemecku. 30-d\u0148ov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vr\u00e1tenia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nie je to zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka. \u017diadny pr\u00eds\u013eub lie\u010denia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nie je zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka<\/strong> a nenahr\u00e1dza lek\u00e1rske ani psychoterapeutick\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie. Religionistick\u00fd obsah predstavuje kult\u00farno-historick\u00e9 zaradenie, nie odpor\u00fa\u010danie duchovnej praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2856,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yer-Sub zem voda tengrizmus","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yer-Sub \u2013 tureck\u00e1 moc zeme a vody, m\u00fdtus a pramene","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yer-Sub ozna\u010duje v starotureckej tengristickej viere posv\u00e4tn\u00fa moc zeme a vody. 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