{"id":157972,"date":"2026-09-04T22:20:13","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:20:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157972"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:47:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:47:26","slug":"umai-matka-a-bohyna-deti-turkov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/umai-matka-a-bohyna-deti-turkov\/","title":{"rendered":"Umai \u2013 Matka a bohy\u0148a det\u00ed Turkov"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157972\" class=\"elementor elementor-157972 elementor-2635 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai, turkicko-sib\u00edrska ochrann\u00e1 bohy\u0148a matiek a novorodencov<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai je matka a bohy\u0148a det\u00ed turkicko-sib\u00edrskeho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho okruhu. Jej meno z\u00e1rove\u0148 ozna\u010duje placentu; chr\u00e1ni tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, novorodencov a mal\u00e9 deti a sl\u00fa\u017ei ako osobn\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 bohy\u0148a \u0161amank\u00e1m a p\u00f4rodn\u00fdm babiciam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohy\u0148a trad\u00edcie Sib\u00edr \/ tengrizmus.\">Bohy\u0148a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytol\u00f3gia trad\u00edcie Sib\u00edr \/ tengrizmus.\">Sib\u00edr \/ tengrizmus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ochrann\u00e1 bohy\u0148a.\">Ochrann\u00e1 bohy\u0148a<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159790\" alt=\"Umai \u2013 bohy\u0148a z trad\u00edcie sib\u00edrsko-tengristickej, historicko-ilustrat\u00edvne zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za <strong>turkicko-sib\u00edrsku<\/strong> ochrann\u00fa bohy\u0148u det\u00ed a pomocn\u00ed\u010dku pri p\u00f4rode. Jej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakonov uctievania bo\u017estva alebo sv\u00e4tej postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je zdokumentovan\u00fd v mongolsko-turkick\u00fdch prame\u0148och od 8. storo\u010dia. Jej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakonov uctievania bo\u017estva alebo sv\u00e4tej postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je zdokumentovan\u00fd v mongolsko-turkick\u00fdch prame\u0148och od 8. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai (tie\u017e Omai, Omoj, Umaj, May-Ene) je jedn\u00fdm z m\u00e1la \u017eensk\u00fdch vrcholn\u00fdch bo\u017estiev historick\u00e9ho tengrizmu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa jednozna\u010dne dokumentovan\u00e9 u\u017e z predislamsk\u00e9ho obdobia. Zatia\u013e \u010do <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157971\">Tengri<\/a> ako vzdialen\u00fd nebesk\u00fd boh zaru\u010duje kozmick\u00fd poriadok na pozad\u00ed, Umai je konkr\u00e9tne bl\u00edzka ochrann\u00e1 mocnos\u0165 v rodinnom priestore: dohliada na p\u00f4rod, sp\u00e1nok doj\u010diat a prv\u00fd rok \u017eivota.<\/p><p>Doklady sa tiahnu od starotureck\u00fdch orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov z 8. storo\u010dia (Tonyukukov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span>) cez jakutsk\u00e9, altajsk\u00e9 a chakask\u00e9 etnografie 19. a 20. storo\u010dia a\u017e po modern\u00e9 obnovy v Tuve a Kazachstane. V r\u00e1mci kult\u00farnej oblasti <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\">sib\u00edrsko-tengristick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/a> je centr\u00e1lnou postavou matky a stoj\u00ed vo funk\u010dnom nap\u00e4t\u00ed s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157977\">Ajysyt<\/a>, jakutskou bohy\u0148ou p\u00f4rodu.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je Umai zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 t\u00fdm, \u017ee vytv\u00e1ra vz\u00e1cne spojenie medzi abstraktnou kozmickou materskou funkciou a konkr\u00e9tnym anatomick\u00fdm substr\u00e1tom: slovo <em>umai<\/em> znamen\u00e1 doslova \u201eplacenta\u201c. K\u00fasok tela sa tak st\u00e1va s\u00eddlom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>, \u010do pripom\u00edna n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nabitie anatomick\u00fdch real\u00edt v mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch kult\u00farach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Slovo <em>umai<\/em> v staroture\u010dtine ozna\u010duje z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u201eplacentu\u201c a \u201eochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo det\u00ed\u201c. Tento dvojzmysel je z h\u013eadiska n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch dej\u00edn rozhoduj\u00faci: placenta bola pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za hmotn\u00fd protip\u00f3l bo\u017eskej ochrany, ktor\u00fd sa po p\u00f4rode nevyhadzoval, ale ukladal na sv\u00e4t\u00e9 miesto (na strom, pod prah, ku krbu).<\/p><p>Etymologicky je slovo pod\u013ea Gerarda Clausona a in\u00fdch turkol\u00f3gov zara\u010fovan\u00e9 ako starotureck\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu, bez jasn\u00e9ho ir\u00e1nskeho alebo paleosib\u00edrskeho v\u00fdpo\u017ei\u010dkov\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu. U Jakutov a Burjatov sa vol\u00e1 <em>Ymaj<\/em>, resp. <em>Manzan Gormo<\/em> vo funk\u010dne podobnej \u00falohe.<\/p><p>Mongolsk\u00e9 pramene ju poznaj\u00fa ako <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em>, \u201eMatka Zem\u201c, \u010d\u00edm je nazna\u010den\u00e9 \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010denie s bohy\u0148ou zeme; v tomto zl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed sa Umai pribli\u017euje k <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157975\">Yer-Sub<\/a>.<\/p><p>K\u00f6kt\u00fcrksk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> Tonyukuka (okolo roku 720 n. l.) ju spom\u00edna spolo\u010dne s Tengri a Yer-Sub, \u010d\u00edm dokazuje jej \u0161t\u00e1totvorn\u00fa \u00falohu v ranom tureckom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve. V\u00fdskum t\u00fato troj\u010dlenn\u00fa formulu vz\u00fdvania interpretoval ako kozmologick\u00fa tri\u00e1du: nebo, matka, zem-voda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai je tradi\u010dne popisovan\u00e1 ako mlad\u00e1 \u017eena s dlh\u00fdm vrko\u010dom a strieborn\u00fdmi \u0161perkami. Jazd\u00ed na bielom vt\u00e1kovi (\u010dasto labuti), nos\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vy\u0161\u00edvan\u00fd slnkom a mesiacom a vl\u00e1dne mal\u00fdm zlat\u00fdm lukom, ktor\u00fdm odh\u00e1\u0148a \u0161kodliv\u00fdch duchov od detsk\u00fdch kol\u00edsok.<\/p><p>Na juhosib\u00edrskych \u0161amansk\u00fdch bubnoch stoj\u00ed zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a v hornej polovici, bl\u00edzko, ale ni\u017e\u0161ie, ne\u017e <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157974\">\u00dclgen<\/a>.<\/p><p>V dom\u00e1com symbolickom syst\u00e9me je jej znakom kol\u00edskov\u00e9 drevo: mal\u00e9 vyrez\u00e1van\u00e9 z\u00e1vesy v tvare vt\u00e1ka alebo luku, ktor\u00e9 sa ve\u0161aj\u00fa na kol\u00edsku. Aj prv\u00e1 ko\u0161ielka novorodenca, \u010dasto u\u0161it\u00e1 z otcovej ko\u0161ele, je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za \u201eUmaiov odev\u201c. Etnografick\u00e1 zbierka Rusk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea (Petrohrad) a Etnografick\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v Ulan-Ude obsahuje mno\u017estvo tak\u00fdchto predmetov.<\/p><p>V modernom tuvinskom a kaza\u0161skom hnut\u00ed re-tengrizmu sa Umai stala kult\u00farnou ikonou; v Astane jej postava zdob\u00ed font\u00e1nu. T\u00e1to modern\u00e1 ikonografia sa opiera o tradi\u010dn\u00e9 popisy, ale, ako je pri n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch renesanci\u00e1ch be\u017en\u00e9, vytv\u00e1ra jednotn\u00fa v\u00fdtvarn\u00fa formu, ktor\u00e1 v historickom materi\u00e1li v takejto uzavretej podobe neexistovala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tonyukukov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> (okolo roku 720 n. l.) spom\u00edna Umai prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t spolo\u010dne s Tengri: \u201eTengri, Umai a sv\u00e4t\u00e1 Zem-a-Voda n\u00e1m dali v\u00ed\u0165azstvo.\u201c Umai sa tu zjavuje v trojici s nebesk\u00fdm bohom a s miestne viazanou mocou zeme a vody (porov. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157975\">Yer-Sub<\/a>). Talat Tekin toto miesto v roku 1968 podrobne gramaticky a s\u00e9manticky analyzoval.<\/p><p>Altajsk\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie, zaznamenan\u00e9 Wilhelmom Radloffom, popisuje, ako Umai zn\u00e1\u0161a du\u0161u novoroden\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a v zlatej kol\u00edske z neba a d\u00fdchaj\u00facu ju kladie do lona matky. Ke\u010f die\u0165a zomrie, \u201eUmai si vezme svoju ko\u0161ie\u013eku sp\u00e4\u0165\u201c, obrat, ktor\u00fd vyjadruje reverzibilitu bo\u017esk\u00e9ho daru bez pripisovania viny.<\/p><p>V jakutsk\u00fdch olonchosk\u00fdch epik\u00e1ch sa \u010diasto\u010dne zlieva s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157977\">Ajysyt<\/a> a vystupuje ako darky\u0148a \u017eivotnej du\u0161e. Toto zl\u00fa\u010denie je z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska pou\u010dn\u00e9: ukazuje, ako sa panssib\u00edrska funkcia rozli\u010dne personalizuje v region\u00e1lnych panthe\u00f3noch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uctievanie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der religi\u00f6sen Verehrungshandlungen f\u00fcr eine Gottheit oder heilige Gestalt.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> Umai bol \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00fd s dom\u00e1cnos\u0165ou. Medzi hlavn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly patrili: o\u010distn\u00fd sviatok <em>nayan-ot<\/em>, konan\u00fd tri dni po p\u00f4rode, pri ktorom p\u00f4rodn\u00e1 b\u00e1ba a matka prech\u00e1dzali dymom z borievky a smrekovcovej \u017eivice; \u201ezavesenie luku\u201c nad kol\u00edsku; a ro\u010dn\u00e1 potravinov\u00e1 obeta (tvaroh, kobylie mlieko, maslov\u00e9 pe\u010divo) na jarnom sviatku.<\/p><p>\u0160amani vz\u00fdvali Umai najm\u00e4 pri lie\u010debn\u00fdch obradoch pre deti. Pova\u017eovala sa za pr\u00edstupn\u00fa moc bez tajomnej aury, za \u201ebl\u00edzku bohy\u0148u\u201c, ku ktorej sa smelo hovori\u0165 nahlas aj v be\u017enom \u017eivote. Dnes zohr\u00e1va v tuvinskom a chakaskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die \u00fcberlieferte Volkskultur mit Br\u00e4uchen, Erz\u00e4hlungen und Liedern.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3re<\/span> \u00falohu ako postava sp\u00e1jan\u00e1 s p\u00f4rodnou pomocou a sm\u00fatkom za zosnul\u00fdmi doj\u010datami.<\/p><p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je tu religionisticko-sociologick\u00e9 pozorovanie Vladimira Basilova: Umai vyp\u013a\u0148a citov\u00fa a praktick\u00fa medzeru, ktor\u00fa vzdialen\u00fd Tengri nedok\u00e1\u017ee zaplni\u0165. T\u00e1to komplementarita patr\u00ed k \u0161truktur\u00e1lnym znakom viac\u010dlenn\u00fdch pante\u00f3nov s <em>deus otiosus<\/em> na vrchole.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax a apotropaika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska (bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek pr\u00eds\u013eubu \u00fa\u010dinku) zah\u0155\u0148al apotropaick\u00fd komplex okolo Umai: zavesenie mal\u00fdch dreven\u00fdch lukov alebo vt\u00e1\u010d\u00edch fig\u00farok nad kol\u00edsku; ukrytie placenty na \u010distom mieste; vyh\u00fdbanie sa hlu\u010dn\u00fdm zvukom a ostr\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom po\u010das prv\u00fdch 40 dn\u00ed; a obliekanie \u201eko\u0161ie\u013eky Umai\u201c zo \u0161atstva zdrav\u00e9ho s\u00farodenca.<\/p><p>Z poh\u013eadu vn\u00fatornej perspekt\u00edvy tieto praktiky reagovali na obavu, \u017ee doj\u010da by mohlo by\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi duchmi, ako s\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157979\">\u0161kodliv\u00e9 duchovia Khargi<\/a>, alebo posolmi <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157973\">Erlika Khana<\/a>, \u201estiahnut\u00e9 sp\u00e4\u0165 dole\u201c. Z vonkaj\u0161ej perspekt\u00edvy etnografie ide o ritu\u00e1ly \u0161trukt\u00faruj\u00face ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot, ktor\u00e9 d\u00e1vali kult\u00farnu formu vysokej doj\u010denskej \u00famrtnosti.<\/p><p>\u0160tyridsa\u0165d\u0148ov\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 lehota po p\u00f4rode sa objavuje v mnoh\u00fdch euro\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch (ortodoxn\u00e9 kres\u0165anstvo, judaizmus, islam), \u010do nazna\u010duje, \u017ee praktiky s\u00fastreden\u00e9 na Umai s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161ir\u0161ieho euro\u00e1zijsk\u00e9ho komplexu p\u00f4rodn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov, bez toho, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 odvodi\u0165 priamu historick\u00fa s\u00favislos\u0165.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Funk\u010dne porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fa: gr\u00e9cka Eileithyia a Hera Argeia; r\u00edmska Juno Lucina; slovansk\u00e1 Moko\u0161; seversk\u00e1 Frigg vo svojej \u00falohe p\u00f4rodnej pomocn\u00ed\u010dky; a v samotnej Sib\u00edri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157977\">Ajysyt<\/a> (Jakuti). V \u010c\u00edne jej typologicky zodpoved\u00e1 Bixia Yuanjun, bohy\u0148a p\u00f4rodu z hory Tai-Shan, v Indii \u0160a\u0161th\u00ed.<\/p><p>Historick\u00e1 pointa znie: takmer vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pante\u00f3noch, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa vzdialen\u00e9ho nebesk\u00e9ho boha, existuje vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00faca \u017eensk\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 postava pre dr\u00e1mu prv\u00e9ho roku \u017eivota. Umai napl\u0148uje t\u00fato \u00falohu v tengrizme obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kompaktn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Z religiofenomenologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je u\u010debnicov\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom korel\u00e1cie medzi <em>deus otiosus<\/em> naverchu a konkr\u00e9tne priate\u013eskou \u017eenskou ochrannou postavou \u201enaspodku\u201c.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnu jazykov\u00fa zhodu m\u00e1 Umai s etruskor\u00edmskou bohy\u0148ou Mater Matuta, ktorej meno sa tie\u017e odvodzuje od telesnej funkcie (matersk\u00e9 mlieko \/ zora ako \u201ematersk\u00e9 svetlo\u201c). Tak\u00e9to paralely vznikaj\u00fa fenomenologicky, bez toho, aby bol nutn\u00fd historick\u00fd kontakt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 recepcia a v\u00fdskum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V modern\u00fdch republikov\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch tengrizmu (Tuva, Chakasia, Kazachstan) sa Umai stala kult\u00farnou identifika\u010dnou postavou; v Astane zdob\u00ed ako socha mestsk\u00fa font\u00e1nu. Akademicky je predmetom pr\u00e1ce Vladimira Basilova, Igora Steblevu a f\u00ednskej turkologi\u010dky Marja-Liisy Sergejevovej.<\/p><p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00fd smer sk\u00fama jazykov\u00fd a funk\u010dn\u00fd most\u00edk medzi <em>umai<\/em> = placenta a <em>umai<\/em> = ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo ako pr\u00edklad toho, ako sa religiozita kry\u0161talizuje na materi\u00e1lnych telesn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenostiach. Tento v\u00fdskum je v dial\u00f3gu s porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm v\u00fdskumom p\u00f4rodu a smrti Roberta Hertza a Arnolda van Gennepa.<\/p><p>Marja-Liisa Sergejevov\u00e1 vo svojej pr\u00e1ci Studies in Turkic Folk Religion (Helsinki, 2006) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee dnes \u017eiv\u00e9 praktiky uctievania Umai v Tuve vykazuj\u00fa prekvapuj\u00facu kontinuitu s etnografick\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamami Radloffa z roku 1860, \u010do je zriedkav\u00fd n\u00e1lez pre sib\u00edrske n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo po f\u00e1ze sovietskych represi\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 debaty a otvoren\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Umai formuj\u00fa dve metodologick\u00e9 debaty. Prv\u00e1: do akej miery je \u00fazke previazanie placenty a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span> p\u00f4vodne turecko-altajsk\u00fd jav, alebo odr\u00e1\u017ea univerz\u00e1lnu anatomick\u00fa sakraliz\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00fa nach\u00e1dzame aj u Aymarov, v ju\u017enej Indii a v z\u00e1padoafrickom komplexe Yoruba?<\/p><p>Druh\u00e1: mo\u017eno staroturkick\u00fa Umai z orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov identifikova\u0165 s altajskou Umai 19. storo\u010dia, alebo toto slovo v r\u00f4znych epoch\u00e1ch ozna\u010duje odli\u0161n\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00e9 postavy? Sergej Nekljudov v diele <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em> (Moskva 1992) argumentoval za kontinu\u00e1lnu identifik\u00e1ciu; nov\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum rad\u00ed v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu skepsu.<\/p><p>Otvoren\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia rob\u00ed z Umai v\u010fa\u010dn\u00fd objekt pre porovn\u00e1vaciu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez viery.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiku<\/span>, ktor\u00e1 berie v\u00e1\u017ene nielen bohov samotn\u00fdch, ale aj ich telesn\u00e9 a materi\u00e1lne zakotvenie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vz\u0165ah k Umai v modernom v\u00fdskume<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Umai sa za posledn\u00e9 dve desa\u0165ro\u010dia metodologicky v\u00fdrazne diverzifikoval. Genderovo orientovan\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez viery sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistika<\/span> (napr\u00edklad u Karen Pechilis Prentiss alebo u f\u00ednskej turkologi\u010dky Hilkky Bergroth) \u010doraz viac ch\u00e1pe Umai nad r\u00e1mec role \u201ebohyne p\u00f4rodu\u201c ako centr\u00e1lnu \u017eensk\u00fa vysok\u00fa postavu, ktorej postavenie bolo \u010dasto zatienen\u00e9 dominantn\u00fdm v\u00fdskumom Tengriho.<\/p><p>Toto nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161ir\u0161ieho trendu, ktor\u00fd sa sna\u017e\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdznam \u017eensk\u00fdch bo\u017estiev altajsk\u00fdch a uralsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev.<\/p><p>Druh\u00fd smer v\u00fdskumu sp\u00e1ja Umai so \u0161t\u00fadiom materi\u00e1lneho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva: praktiky spojen\u00e9 s placentou (ulo\u017eenie, zakopanie, zavesenie) sa ch\u00e1pu ako priese\u010dn\u00edk anat\u00f3mie a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ktor\u00fd zastupuje predstavu alebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolu<\/span>. V\u00fdskum sa tu odvol\u00e1va na dielo Mary Douglasovej <em>Reinheit und Gef\u00e4hrdung<\/em> (1966) a na \u0161t\u00fadie Roberta Hertza o \u201epravej\u201c a \u201e\u013eavej\u201c ruke.<\/p><p>Po tretie, v\u00fdskum diasp\u00f3ry v Kazachstane a Turecku uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee praktiky Umai sa odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj v mestsk\u00fdch kontextoch strednej triedy, \u010dasto ako \u201ekult\u00farna trad\u00edcia\u201c bez explicitne n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1boja. T\u00e1to sekulariz\u00e1cia s pretrv\u00e1van\u00edm je klasick\u00fdm vzorom religionistickej sociol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pramene a vz\u0165ah k Kult\u00farnemu centru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kto chce \u0161tudova\u0165 komplex Umai v celej jeho \u0161\u00edrke, n\u00e1jde na preh\u013eadovej str\u00e1nke <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\">Sib\u00edrsko-tengristick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/a> najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie odkazy na pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 postavy, ako s\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157977\">Ajysyt<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157974\">\u00dclgen<\/a> a s zemou spojen\u00fa moc <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157975\">Yer-Sub<\/a>. \u010c\u00edtanie tonjukukovho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisu<\/span> v \u0161tandardnom vydan\u00ed Talata Tekina (1968) zost\u00e1va prirodzen\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm bodom pre starot\u00fcrkick\u00fa vrstvu.<\/p><p>Pre etnografick\u00fa vrstvu 19.\/20. storo\u010dia s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi dielami pr\u00e1ce Wilhelma Radloffa <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme<\/em> (od 1866) a Vladimira Basilova <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984). Nov\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie s\u00fa napr\u00edklad pr\u00e1ca Marji-Liisy Sergejevovej <em>Studies in Turkic Folk Religion<\/em> (Helsinki 2006) a etnografick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy Akad\u00e9mie vied Republiky Tuva.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska zost\u00e1va kniha Mircea Eliadeho o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v ktorom s\u00fa \u0161pecialisti v kontakte so svetom duchov.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanizme<\/span> (1951) plodn\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm bodom, aj ke\u010f jeho v\u00fdklad sa dnes u\u017e nepreber\u00e1 nekriticky. Neskor\u0161ia kritika Roberte Hamayonovej (1990) obraz dopl\u0148uje a mala by sa \u010d\u00edta\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religionistick\u00e1 h\u013abka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je Umai u\u010debnicov\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom toho, \u010do Mircea Eliade naz\u00fdva \u201ehierof\u00e1niou po\u010diatku\u201c: narodenie \u010dloveka sa st\u00e1va kozmickou udalos\u0165ou, v ktorej sa hranice medzi hore a dole, vidite\u013en\u00fdm a nevidite\u013en\u00fdm st\u00e1vaj\u00fa priepustn\u00fdmi. V tejto f\u00e1ze je Umai kon\u0161titut\u00edvne pr\u00edtomn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Aj spojenie s kol\u00edskov\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lom<\/span> (no\u010dn\u00fd spev, kol\u00edsanie, pripev\u0148ovanie ochrann\u00fdch nit\u00ed) patr\u00ed do \u0161irokej religionisticko-antropologickej triedy \u201eprij\u00edmac\u00edch ritu\u00e1lov\u201c, ktor\u00e9 systematicky pop\u00edsal franc\u00fazsky folklorista Arnold van Gennep v diele <em>Les rites de passage<\/em> (1909).<\/p><p>V porovnan\u00ed s ostatn\u00fdmi sib\u00edrskymi matersk\u00fdmi bo\u017estvami sa Umai vyzna\u010duje osobit\u00fdm spojen\u00edm s politickou sf\u00e9rou, v tonjukukovom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pise<\/span> stoj\u00ed medzi Tengrim a Yer-Subom, teda na \u00farovni \u0161t\u00e1totvornej moci. T\u00e1to politick\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka nie je z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva samozrejm\u00e1 pre matersk\u00fa ochrann\u00fa bohy\u0148u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodologick\u00e1 reflexia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pri pr\u00e1ci s prame\u0148mi o Umai vznik\u00e1 viacero metodologick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Prv\u00fd: najstar\u0161ie pramene s\u00fa kr\u00e1tke vz\u00fdvacie formuly v k\u00f6kt\u00fcrksk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch, podrobn\u00e9 etnografick\u00e9 popisy poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa a\u017e z 19.\/20. storo\u010dia. Priama identifik\u00e1cia oboch vrstiev nie je nutne zaru\u010den\u00e1.<\/p><p>Druh\u00fd: rusk\u00e1 a sovietska etnografia stoto\u017e\u0148ovala Umai \u010dasto s \u201ematersk\u00fdm bo\u017estvom\u201c porovn\u00e1vacej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez viery sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiky<\/span>, \u010do nazna\u010duje univerzalistick\u00fd v\u00fdklad, ktor\u00fd nie je v\u017edy podlo\u017een\u00fd samotn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom. Tu je potrebn\u00e1 religionistick\u00e1 opatrnos\u0165.<\/p><p>Tret\u00ed: s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 hnutie Umai v Tuve a Kazachstane predstavuje sebareprezent\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 s\u00edce nadv\u00e4zuje na tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pramene, ale samotn\u00e1 je modern\u00fdm kon\u0161truktom. Tu je potrebn\u00e1 reflex\u00edvna religionistick\u00e1 etnol\u00f3gia, ako ju po\u017eadoval Andrei Znamenski v diele <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai a cirkumpol\u00e1rna komparat\u00edvna perspekt\u00edva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Porovn\u00e1vacia cirkumpol\u00e1rna perspekt\u00edva ukazuje, \u017ee Umai patr\u00ed do \u0161irokej rodiny \u017eensk\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch bo\u017estiev p\u00f4rodu, ktor\u00e1 sa rozprestiera od \u0160kandin\u00e1vie cez Sib\u00edr a\u017e po Severn\u00fa Ameriku. F\u00ednska Akka, s\u00e1msky tradovan\u00e1 Maderakka, staroturkick\u00e1 Umai, jakutsk\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157977\">Ajysyt<\/a> a nakoniec severoamerick\u00e9 \u201ebohyne materskej bobule\u201c u Athabaskov s\u00fa funk\u010dne \u00fazko pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen tento cirkumpol\u00e1rny rozvetvenie systematicky pop\u00edsal v diele <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998). \u010ci ide o genetick\u00fa pr\u00edbuznos\u0165 alebo o typologick\u00fa konvergenciu, zost\u00e1va sporn\u00e9, obe hypot\u00e9zy maj\u00fa dobr\u00e9 argumenty.<\/p><p>Toto porovn\u00e1vacie zaradenie rob\u00ed Umai vedecky relevantnou aj nad r\u00e1mec staroturkicko-sib\u00edrskeho materi\u00e1lu. Stoj\u00ed v centre v\u00fdskumnej trad\u00edcie, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, ako podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 funkcie vznikaj\u00fa za podobn\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch podmienok.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d4e6282 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d4e6282\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ba9a041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ba9a041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai v staroturkickej n\u00e1pisovej trad\u00edcii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21759807 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp21759807\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d0f456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26d0f456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno <em>Umai<\/em> je zn\u00e1me u\u017e z najstar\u0161\u00edch datovate\u013en\u00fdch textov v tureckom jazyku: z orchonsko-tureck\u00fdch runov\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov z 8. storo\u010dia z Mongolska, d\u00e1vno pred akouko\u013evek novodobou etnografiou.<\/p><p>V Tonjukukovom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pise<\/span> a v okol\u00ed pam\u00e4tn\u00edkov druh\u00e9ho turkick\u00e9ho kagan\u00e1tu sa <em>Umai<\/em> objavuje v pevnom spojen\u00ed, v ktorom sa \u00faspech a ochrana osoby, \u010dasto vysoko postavenej \u017eeny alebo die\u0165a\u0165a, pripisuje p\u00f4sobeniu Neba (<em>Tengri<\/em>) a Umai.<\/p><p>Toto ran\u00e9 svedectvo m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fd historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Ukazuje, \u017ee predstava ochrannej \u017eenskej sily spojenej s p\u00f4rodom, potomstvom a prospievan\u00edm det\u00ed nie je modern\u00fdm folkloristick\u00fdm kon\u0161truktom, ale sah\u00e1 minim\u00e1lne do ran\u00e9ho stredoveku.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje, \u017ee Umai bola u\u017e v tej dobe ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 v tesnom spojen\u00ed s bohom neba, v istom druhu nadradenosti a podradenosti, v ktorom Tengri predstavuje \u0161irok\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku a Umai bl\u00edzke, chr\u00e1niace.<\/p><p>Runov\u00e9 tureck\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy sa systematicky sprac\u00favaj\u00fa od konca 19. storo\u010dia, hlavne z\u00e1sluhou Vilhelma Thomsena, ktor\u00fd p\u00edsmo rozl\u00fa\u0161til v roku 1893, a Wilhelma Radloffa. Stru\u010dnos\u0165 dokladov v\u0161ak znamen\u00e1, \u017ee o jednotlivostiach kultu Umai v kagan\u00e1te sa vie takmer ni\u010d. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">N\u00e1pis<\/span> uv\u00e1dza meno a funkciu, nie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> a nie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b28eec4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b28eec4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26c2cb55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26c2cb55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Slovn\u00fd p\u00f4vod: Umai medzi placentou a ochrannou silou<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20c542e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp20c542e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21bb0935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21bb0935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jazykovednou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165ou Umai je, \u017ee rovnak\u00fd alebo bl\u00edzko pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd zvukov\u00fd \u00fatvar ozna\u010duje v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch tureck\u00fdch jazykoch s\u00fa\u010dasne konkr\u00e9tne slovo aj meno bo\u017estva. V nieko\u013ek\u00fdch tureck\u00fdch jazykoch <em>umai<\/em> alebo zvukovo bl\u00edzka forma znamen\u00e1 placentu, plodov\u00e9 l\u00f4\u017eko, pr\u00edle\u017eitostne aj maternicu alebo plodov\u00fd vak.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to dvojzna\u010dnos\u0165 nie je n\u00e1hoda, ale k\u013e\u00fa\u010d k pochopeniu. Ochrann\u00e1 sila, ktor\u00e1 bdie nad novorodencami, a org\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd obop\u00edna a vy\u017eivuje nenaroden\u00e9 die\u0165a, nes\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 meno, preto\u017ee boli ch\u00e1pan\u00e9 ako dve str\u00e1nky tej istej veci.<\/p><p>V niektor\u00fdch etnograficky zaznamenan\u00fdch zvykoch sa s placentou zaobch\u00e1dzalo starostlivo, ukladala sa na chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 miesto alebo sa pochov\u00e1vala, namiesto toho, aby sa nedbanlivo odstr\u00e1nila, preto\u017ee jej osud sa pova\u017eoval za spojen\u00fd s osudom die\u0165a\u0165a.<\/p><p>Existuje tie\u017e star\u00fd n\u00e1vrh sp\u00e1ja\u0165 toto meno so star\u00fdm indick\u00fdm <em>Um\u0101<\/em>, pr\u00edvlastkom bohyne Parvati. Tento n\u00e1vrh je v odbornej literat\u00fare sporn\u00fd a mnoh\u00ed turkol\u00f3govia ho odmietaj\u00fa ako zvukovo a historicky nedostato\u010dne podlo\u017een\u00fd; treba ho uv\u00e1dza\u0165 len ako star\u00fa, neist\u00fa hypot\u00e9zu. Sol\u00eddnej\u0161ou linkou zost\u00e1va vn\u00fatrot\u00fareck\u00e1: Umai ako personifik\u00e1cia ochrannej sily, ktorej meno poch\u00e1dza z oblasti p\u00f4rodu a placenty. K pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9mu konceptu neba pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157971\">Tengri<\/a>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme S\u00fcd-Sibiriens<\/em> (1866ff.)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai sa v turecko-sib\u00edrskych n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch dejin\u00e1ch pova\u017euje za ochrann\u00fa bohy\u0148u <strong>matiek<\/strong> a novorodencov. U altajsk\u00fdch Turkov, Chakasov a Tuvincov bola vz\u00fdvan\u00e1 najm\u00e4 v \u010dase okolo p\u00f4rodu a \u0161estonedelia; jej meno v star\u0161ej ture\u010dtine ozna\u010duje aj placentu, \u010do odkazuje na tesn\u00e9 puto k prahu medzi predp\u00f4rodn\u00fdm a nov\u00fdm \u017eivotom.<\/p><p>Etnografick\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy z 19. a za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia popisuj\u00fa obetn\u00e9 dary, kol\u00edskov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly a ochrann\u00e9 formuly, ktor\u00fdmi matky zverovali svoje deti do Umainej ochrany.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Umai placenta Tonyukuk kol\u00edska ochrana doj\u010diat Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-umai\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard sa nadv\u00e4zuje na kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa trad\u00edciu prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v trad\u00edcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sibirsky-samanizmus-tengrizmus\/\">Sib\u00edri \/ 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