{"id":157965,"date":"2026-09-04T22:20:05","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:20:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157965"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:47:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:47:12","slug":"baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/","title":{"rendered":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157965\" class=\"elementor elementor-157965 elementor-2628 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Baal-Hammon, punsko-kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh a Saturnus Africanus<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon (p\u00fansky <em>b\u02bfl \u1e25mn<\/em>) je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh p\u00fanskeho Kart\u00e1ga a jeho kol\u00f3ni\u00ed. Pravidelne sa objavuje spolu s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157963\">Tanit<\/a> a je pr\u00edjemcom obetn\u00fdch darov z tofetu. V r\u00edmskom obdob\u00ed bol identifikovan\u00fd so Saturnom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh trad\u00edcie Fenick\u00e1.\">Boh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/fenicania-kartago-baal-tanit\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytol\u00f3gia trad\u00edcie Fenick\u00e1.\">Fenick\u00e1<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Najvy\u0161\u0161ie bo\u017estvo.\">Najvy\u0161\u0161ie bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159801\" alt=\"Baal Hammon \u2013 bohovia z fen\u00edckej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon je jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estiev z\u00e1padomediter\u00e1nneho p\u00fanskeho svetla. Sabatino Moscati v diele <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (1966) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Baal-Hammon bol vo fenickej pramateri s\u00edce dolo\u017een\u00fd, ale druhorad\u00fd; v Kart\u00e1gu dosiahol vrchol pante\u00f3nu a t\u00fato poz\u00edciu zdie\u013ea s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157963\">Tanit<\/a>. Vo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/fenicania-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">fenickej trad\u00edcii<\/a> je prototypick\u00fdm p\u00fanskym najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bohom.<\/p><p>Maria Eugenia Aubet v diele <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) zdokumentovala jeho mediter\u00e1nne roz\u0161\u00edrenie; sv\u00e4tyne Baal-Hammona s\u00fa dolo\u017een\u00e9 v Kart\u00e1gu, Motyi, Tharrose, Sulcise, Hadrumete a na mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch. V r\u00edmskom cis\u00e1rskom obdob\u00ed pokra\u010duje jeho kult ako Saturnus Africanus a v numidsko-mauret\u00e1nskej provincii dosahuje pozoruhodn\u00fa trv\u00e1cnos\u0165 a\u017e do 4. storo\u010dia n. l.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska predstavuje Baal-Hammon typ najvy\u0161\u0161ieho boha s chtonick\u00fdmi a sol\u00e1rnymi aspektmi. Marcel Le Glay v diele <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee identifik\u00e1cia s r\u00edmskym Saturnom vych\u00e1dza z dvojitej povahy Baal-Hammona: je z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohom obilia a \u00farody (saturnsk\u00fd aspekt) i chtonick\u00fdm otcovsk\u00fdm bohom.<\/p><p>Tofetsk\u00e9 st\u00e9ly a mnoh\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> ako centr\u00e1lny religionistick\u00fd n\u00e1lez.<\/p><p>Trv\u00e1cnos\u0165 Baal-Hammona v r\u00edmskom cis\u00e1rskom obdob\u00ed ako Saturnus Africanus je jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edkladov religionistickej kontinuity po politickom z\u00e1niku p\u00fanskeho \u0161t\u00e1tu. Zo severoafrick\u00fdch provinci\u00ed sa zachovalo viac ako dvetis\u00edc saturnsk\u00fdch st\u00e9l z 1. a\u017e 4. storo\u010dia n. l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno <em>b\u02bfl \u1e25mn<\/em> sa sklad\u00e1 z <em>b\u02bfl<\/em> &#8218;p\u00e1n&#8216; a <em>\u1e25mn<\/em>, ktor\u00e9ho etymol\u00f3gia je sporn\u00e1. Jeden v\u00fdklad sp\u00e1ja <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> s kore\u0148om <em>\u1e25mm<\/em> &#8218;by\u0165 hor\u00faci&#8216; a ch\u00e1pe Baal-Hammona ako &#8218;p\u00e1na \u017eiary&#8216;, pravdepodobne sol\u00e1rneho aspektu.<\/p><p>In\u00fd v\u00fdklad vid\u00ed v <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> miestny n\u00e1zov &#8218;Hammon&#8216; (mo\u017eno lokalitu vo Fen\u00edcii) a Baal-Hammona ako &#8218;p\u00e1na Hammonu&#8216;. Tretia mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00e1ja <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> s predmetmi kultu vykurovania (&#8218;kadidlov\u00fd olt\u00e1r&#8216;).<\/p><p>Charles Krahmalkov v diele <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (2001) zostavil epigrafick\u00e9 varianty; v n\u00e1pisoch sa objavuje ako <em>b\u02bfl \u1e25mn<\/em> alebo skr\u00e1tene <em>b\u02bfl<\/em>. Gr\u00e9cky prepis je \u0392\u03ac\u03b1\u03bb-\u1f08\u03bc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd (Baal-Ammon), v helenistickej dobe bol pr\u00edle\u017eitostne identifikovan\u00fd aj s egyptsk\u00fdm Amonom (v n\u00e1znakoch). R\u00edmska identifik\u00e1cia so Saturnom je najtrvalej\u0161ia a formuje africko-r\u00edmske n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 dejiny.<\/p><p>V hebrejsk\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch sa Hammon objavuje ako n\u00e1zov miesta v Galilei; \u010di existuje priama historick\u00e1 s\u00favislos\u0165, je nejasn\u00e9. V aramejsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch z Palmyry sa objavuje boh <em>\u02bfolam<\/em> s podobn\u00fdmi funkciami ako Baal-Hammon; aj tu je presn\u00e1 pr\u00edbuznos\u0165 sporn\u00e1. Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je Baal-Hammon \u0161pecificky z\u00e1padn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom.<\/p><p>\u010eal\u0161ia etymologick\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za sp\u00e1ja <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> s aramejsk\u00fdm <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> &#8218;z\u013eutova\u0165 sa&#8216;, \u010do by malo teologicky hlbok\u00fd v\u00fdznam; jazykovedne v\u0161ak t\u00e1to hypot\u00e9za nie je podlo\u017een\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon sa v p\u00fanskej ikonografii naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zobrazuje ako sediaci bradat\u00fd starec s korunou z volsk\u00fdch rohov, dlh\u00fdm riasnat\u00fdm r\u00fachom a \u017eezlom. T\u00e1to obrazov\u00e1 trad\u00edcia je mnohon\u00e1sobne dolo\u017een\u00e1 na tofetsk\u00fdch st\u00e9lach a odli\u0161uje ho od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157960\">Baal-Hadada<\/a>, ktor\u00fd sa zobrazuje ako mlad\u00fd boh b\u00farky so zdvihnutou sekerou. Stareck\u00fd profil Baal-Hammona ho teologicky sp\u00e1ja s ugaritsk\u00fdm Elom a so Saturnom.<\/p><p>Jeho sv\u00e4t\u00fdm zviera\u0165om je baran alebo capa; v p\u00fanskych obetn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1loch bol baran preferovan\u00fdm obetn\u00fdm zviera\u0165om. Na niektor\u00fdch st\u00e9lach sa objavuje po boku sfing alebo grifov.<\/p><p>V Kart\u00e1gu bola v mestskom chr\u00e1me umiestnen\u00e1 kolos\u00e1lna bronzov\u00e1 socha Baal-Hammona; spom\u00edna sa v prame\u0148och t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa tofetsk\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obet\u00edn<\/span> a \u00fadajne mala mechanizmy, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovali padnutie obetn\u00fdch zvierat alebo det\u00ed do oh\u0148a pod \u0148ou. Prame\u0148ov\u00e1 kritika tohto tvrdenia je sporn\u00e1 a dnes sa hodnot\u00ed sk\u00f4r zdr\u017eanlivo.<\/p><p>V helenisticko-r\u00edmskom obdob\u00ed sa ikonografia Baal-Hammona \u010doraz viac zlieva s trad\u00edciou Saturna; neskoror\u00edmske saturnsk\u00e9 st\u00e9ly zo severnej Afriky (3. a 4. storo\u010die n. l.) zobrazuj\u00fa boha ako bradat\u00e9ho starca s kos\u00e1kom, presne pod\u013ea saturnsk\u00e9ho vzoru. T\u00e1to ikonografia Saturna Africana je hlavnou t\u00e9mou Marcela Le Glaya a je podrobne rozobran\u00e1 v jeho monografii.<\/p><p>P\u00f4sobiv\u00fdm archeologick\u00fdm prame\u0148om s\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 bronzov\u00e9 so\u0161ky z tofetu, ktor\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00fa Baal-Hammona sediaceho so zdvihnutou rukou, gestom ude\u013eovania po\u017eehnania. Tieto so\u0161ky boli umiestnen\u00e9 s\u010dasti v samotnom tofete ako obetn\u00e9 dary, s\u010dasti v obytn\u00fdch domoch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samostatn\u00e9 m\u00fdty o Baal-Hammonovi sa nezachovali; podobne ako v pr\u00edpade <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157963\">Tanit<\/a> ide predov\u0161etk\u00fdm o kultovo-ritu\u00e1lnu postavu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene 800 pred n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antick\u00e9<\/span> spr\u00e1vy (Diodor, Polybios, Plutarchos, Tertuli\u00e1n) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa obetovanie det\u00ed v tofete ako jeho najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed kultov\u00fd akt.<\/p><p>Diodor (20.14) podrobne opisuje ve\u013ek\u00fa detsk\u00fa obetu z roku 310 pred n. l., ke\u010f Kart\u00e1go obliehal Agatokles zo Syrak\u00faz; v n\u00fadzovej situ\u00e1cii bolo obetovan\u00fdch 200 chlapcov z popredn\u00fdch rod\u00edn, aby sa upokojil hnev boha.<\/p><p>Historickos\u0165 t\u00fdchto spr\u00e1v sa u\u017e gener\u00e1cie kontroverzne diskutuje; ide o gr\u00e9cko-r\u00edmske polemick\u00e9 pramene, ktor\u00e9 treba kriticky posudzova\u0165. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z tofetu v\u0161ak potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee tam bolo pochovan\u00fdch zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo doj\u010diat a mal\u00fdch det\u00ed; \u010di i\u0161lo v\u017edy o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obete<\/span>, alebo aj o prirodzene zomrel\u00fdch, je predmetom tofetskej kontroverzie.<\/p><p>August\u00edn z Hippa vo svojom diele <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> 7.19 polemizuje proti kultom Saturna Africana a opisuje detsk\u00e9 obete ako &#8218;crudelis daemonum cultus&#8216;. T\u00e1to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prechodn\u00e1 epocha medzi antikou a stredovekom, pribli\u017ene 3. a\u017e 7. storo\u010die.\" tabindex=\"0\">neskor\u00e1 antick\u00e1<\/span> polemika je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kon\u0161trukcie kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho Kart\u00e1ga a treba ju historicky \u010d\u00edta\u0165 s opatrnos\u0165ou, no odr\u00e1\u017ea dlhotrvaj\u00face spojenie Baal-Hammona s t\u00e9mou detsk\u00fdch obet\u00ed v antickom vn\u00edman\u00ed. Vedeck\u00e9 hodnotenie tejto praxe zost\u00e1va sporn\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uctievanie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00fdm kultov\u00fdm miestom Baal-Hammona bol tofet v Kart\u00e1gu; \u010fal\u0161ie tofety sa nach\u00e1dzali v Motyi, Tharrose, Sulcise, Hadrumete, Cirte, Lambafundi a na mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch miestach. V ka\u017edej z t\u00fdchto sv\u00e4t\u00fd\u0148 bol Baal-Hammon hlavn\u00fdm prij\u00edmate\u013eom vot\u00edvnych darov, \u010dasto spolo\u010dne s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157963\">Tanit<\/a>. Vot\u00edvne n\u00e1pisy sa riadia \u0161tandardnou formulou: &#8218;P\u00e1novi Baal-Hammonovi, ktor\u00e9mu N.N. zlo\u017eil s\u013eub, preto\u017ee ho vysly\u0161al&#8216;.<\/p><p>Okrem toho existovali mestsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> Baal-Hammona, napr\u00edklad v Thinissute a v samotnom Kart\u00e1gu (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> na kopci Byrsa). Sabatino Moscati zdokumentoval punick\u00fa chr\u00e1mov\u00fa architekt\u00faru vo viacer\u00fdch publik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1my<\/span> maj\u00fa troj\u010dlenn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru: n\u00e1dvorie, hlavn\u00fa sie\u0148 a sv\u00e4ty\u0148u sv\u00e4t\u00fdch. Vo vn\u00fatri st\u00e1la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obrazov\u00e9 zobrazenie bo\u017estva uctievan\u00e9 v chr\u00e1me alebo sv\u00e4tyni.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultov\u00e1 socha<\/span> alebo &#8218;mazzeba&#8216; (sv\u00e4t\u00fd kame\u0148), ktor\u00e1 bola typick\u00e1 pre f\u00e9nick\u00fa beobraznos\u0165 najvy\u0161\u0161ieho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>.<\/p><p>V obdob\u00ed r\u00edmskeho cis\u00e1rstva sa Baal-Hammon \u010falej uctieval ako Saturnus Africanus; jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Kart\u00e1gu bol premenovan\u00fd a znovu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho \u00fakonu odovzdan\u00fd sv\u00e4t\u00e9mu, a t\u00fdm vy\u0148at\u00fd z be\u017en\u00e9ho.\" tabindex=\"0\">vysv\u00e4ten\u00fd<\/span>.<\/p><p>Po\u010det Saturnov\u00fdch st\u00e9l v severnej Afrike prevy\u0161uje po\u010det st\u00e9l venovan\u00fdch v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm r\u00edmskym bo\u017estv\u00e1m v tomto regi\u00f3ne; Baal-Hammon-Saturnus bol a\u017e do 4. storo\u010dia n. l. najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvom<\/span> africk\u00fdch provinci\u00ed. Christianiz\u00e1cia a vp\u00e1d Vandalov ukon\u010dili jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>.<\/p><p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm numizmatick\u00fdm prame\u0148om s\u00fa kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9 tetradrachmy zo 4. a 3. storo\u010dia pred n. l., ktor\u00e9 na l\u00edci zobrazuj\u00fa Baal-Hammonovu korunu z b\u00fd\u010d\u00edch rohov ako ochrann\u00fa formulu. Tieto mince sa razili vo ve\u013ekom mno\u017estve na v\u00fdplatu kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fdch vojsk a \u0161\u00edrili Baal-Hammonov obrazov\u00fd program a\u017e do \u0160panielska a na Sic\u00edliu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax a apotropaika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon bol ochrann\u00fdm bohom mesta, rodiny a \u00farody. V punsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch sa objavuje ako pr\u00edjemca s\u013eubov typu <em>n\u0113der<\/em> v n\u00fadzov\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch: pred cestami, pred bitkami, pri chorob\u00e1ch, pri p\u00f4rodoch. Frekvencia jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvania<\/span> v s\u00fakromn\u00fdch vot\u00edvnych daroch doklad\u00e1 intenz\u00edvnu osobn\u00fa zbo\u017enos\u0165 punsk\u00e9ho obyvate\u013estva.<\/p><p>Na vchodoch do domov a v obytn\u00fdch priestoroch sa jeho symboly pou\u017e\u00edvali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracaj\u00faci ne\u0161\u0165astie: o znakoch a predmetoch, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00fdm vplyvom.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaicky<\/span>: koruna z b\u00fd\u010d\u00edch rohov, kos\u00e1k a symbol &#8218;kad\u00facea&#8216;, ktor\u00fd je v punskom svete pravidelne sp\u00e1jan\u00fd s Baal-Hammonom. V mnoh\u00fdch punsk\u00fdch obytn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch boli n\u00e1jden\u00e9 bronzov\u00e9 so\u0161ky bradat\u00e9ho tr\u00f3nuj\u00faceho boha s korunou z b\u00fd\u010d\u00edch rohov.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je ochrann\u00e1 funkcia Baal-Hammona \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00e1 s poriadkom r\u00ed\u0161e, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 je zakotven\u00e1 aj v osobnej a rodinnej rovine. Prax tofetu treba ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako osobitn\u00fa formu kr\u00edzovej zbo\u017enosti, bez toho aby ju bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 dnes vedecky pozit\u00edvne hodnoti\u0165. iWell Guard uv\u00e1dza Baal-Hammona ako historicko-religionistick\u00fa postavu bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho odkazu na pr\u00eds\u013eub uzdravenia.<\/p><p>\u00dazke prepojenie Baal-Hammona s punsk\u00fdm vojnov\u00fdm \u0165a\u017een\u00edm je dobre zdokumentovan\u00e9; Hannibalova pr\u00edsaha pri Baal-Hammonovom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 miesto alebo st\u00f4l na obete a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fakony.\" tabindex=\"0\">olt\u00e1ri<\/span> v jeho deviatom roku \u017eivota, \u017ee bude R\u00edm nav\u017edy pova\u017eova\u0165 za nepriate\u013ea, patr\u00ed medzi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie antick\u00e9 anekdoty a nadv\u00e4zuje na trad\u00edciu punsk\u00fdch vojnov\u00fdch pr\u00edsah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon je historicky pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd s ugaritsk\u00fdm Elom (star\u00fd boh-otec), s mezopot\u00e1mskym Anuom, s r\u00edmskym Saturnom a s gr\u00e9ckym Kronom. Identifik\u00e1cia so Saturnom je najtrv\u00e1cnej\u0161ia; Marcel Le Glay v diele <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee t\u00e1to synkr\u00e9za z\u00e1sadne formovala africk\u00fd Saturnov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakonov uctievania venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> cis\u00e1rskej doby.<\/p><p>S Kronom m\u00e1 Baal-Hammon spolo\u010dn\u00fd profil star\u00e9ho boha-otca spojen\u00e9ho s obetovan\u00edm det\u00ed; gr\u00e9cky Kronov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> obsahuje mot\u00edv pohlcovania vlastn\u00fdch det\u00ed, \u010do bolo v helenistickom vn\u00edman\u00ed sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 s kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fdmi obetami v tofete. Plutarchos (<em>De superstitione<\/em>) uv\u00e1dza toto spojenie explicitne.<\/p><p>S <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157954\">Kumarbim<\/a> z <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/hetitsko-anatolske-tarhunna-ochranna-prax\/\">hetitskej trad\u00edcie<\/a> m\u00e1 Baal-Hammon spolo\u010dn\u00fd typ zosaden\u00e9ho alebo vytla\u010den\u00e9ho boha-otca. Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska patr\u00ed do medzin\u00e1rodnej rodiny star\u00fdch stredomorsk\u00fdch bohov-otcov, ktor\u00fdch funkciu \u010diasto\u010dne prevzala mlad\u0161ia gener\u00e1cia b\u00farkov\u00fdch bohov. V r\u00edmskej provincii Africa Proconsularis zostala t\u00e1to star\u00e1 stredomorsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia nezvy\u010dajne dlho \u017eiv\u00e1.<\/p><p>Spojenie medzi Baal-Hammonom a egyptsk\u00fdm Amonom-Rem sa aktivovalo v helenistickom obdob\u00ed; o\u00e1za S\u00edwa s jej Amonovou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Miesto alebo zariadenie, kde sa vyh\u013ead\u00e1va bo\u017esk\u00fd v\u00fdrok.\" tabindex=\"0\">or\u00e1kulom<\/span> bola z Kart\u00e1ga dobre dostupn\u00e1 a niektor\u00e9 pramene hovoria o kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fdch p\u00fa\u0165ach na toto miesto. Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam tejto synkr\u00e9zy je sporn\u00fd, ale zauj\u00edmav\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 recepcia a v\u00fdskum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Baal-Hammona dosahuje dnes vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148. Dielo Marcela Le Glaya <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966) je klasickou \u0161tandardnou referenciou; Sabatino Moscati, Maria Eugenia Aubet, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar a Lawrence Stager prinieli d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky k v\u00fdskumu tofetu. Brian Doak v diele <em>Phoenician Aniconism<\/em> (2015) sa venuje bezobrazovej trad\u00edcii Baal-Hammona. \u0160t\u00fadie Josephine Quinn o punskej identite predstavuj\u00fa v posledn\u00fdch rokoch d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pr\u00edspevok.<\/p><p>V popul\u00e1rnej recepcii je Baal-Hammon zn\u00e1my predov\u0161etk\u00fdm prostredn\u00edctvom kontroverzie okolo tofetu a prostredn\u00edctvom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antickej<\/span> kres\u0165anskej polemiky; tento obraz je skreslen\u00fd a sotva zodpoved\u00e1 vedeck\u00e9mu stavu poznania. Vedecky diferencovanej\u0161ie v\u00fdklady sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v uveden\u00fdch dielach.<\/p><p>Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je Baal-Hammon dnes \u00fastredn\u00fdm predmetom \u0161t\u00fadia pre punsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo, pre trad\u00edciu Saturna Africana a pre stredomorsk\u00e9 dejiny n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva. Aktu\u00e1lne \u0165a\u017eiskov\u00e9 t\u00e9my v\u00fdskumu sa s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa na bioarcheologick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu tofetu, na trad\u00edciu st\u00e9l Saturna Africana a na ot\u00e1zku berberskej zlo\u017eky. iWell Guard ho zaznamen\u00e1va ako historick\u00e9ho \u010dlena <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn v\u0161etk\u00fdch bohov nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3nu<\/span>.<\/p><p>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy Josephine Quinn (<em>In Search of the Phoenicians<\/em>, 2018) nanovo prediskutovali punsk\u00fa identitu a jej n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 sebavymedzenie a spochybnili \u00falohu Baal-Hammona ako &#8218;boha Feni\u010danov&#8216;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara a zdroje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nasleduj\u00faci v\u00fdber zh\u0155\u0148a najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie \u0161tandardn\u00e9 diela k v\u00fdskumu Baal-Hammona. Zah\u0155\u0148a archeologick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, religionisticko-historick\u00e9 synt\u00e9zy a epigrafick\u00e9 ed\u00edcie. Monografia Marcela Le Glaya je klasickou referenciou; Moscati a Aubet pon\u00fakaj\u00fa punsk\u00fd r\u00e1mec; Doak ikonologick\u00fa perspekt\u00edvu. Nov\u0161ia \u0161t\u00fadia Quinnovej pos\u00fava v\u00fdskum do kritickej diskusie o identite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2dce0c7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2dce0c7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22efe76a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22efe76a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tofet v Kart\u00e1gu a n\u00e1lezy st\u00e9l<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp207c89a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp207c89a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp223f9336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp223f9336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00fdm svedkom kultu Baal-Hammona nie je text, ale okrsok. Ide o takzvan\u00fd tofet v Kart\u00e1gu, sv\u00e4ty\u0148u na okraji antick\u00e9ho mesta v dne\u0161nej mestskej \u010dasti Salammb\u00f4. Vykop\u00e1vky sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uj\u00fa od 20. rokov 20. storo\u010dia. Z\u00e1sadnou bola kampa\u0148 americkej archeologi\u010dky a jej t\u00edmu v 70. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia pod n\u00e1zvom &#8222;Punic Project&#8220;.<\/p><p>Okrsok obsahuje tis\u00edce mal\u00fdch urien so spopolnen\u00fdmi pozostatkami doj\u010diat a mlad\u00fdch zvierat, nad ktor\u00fdmi st\u00e1li kamenn\u00e9 st\u00e9ly.<\/p><p>Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto st\u00e9l nes\u00fa vot\u00edvne n\u00e1pisy v punskom p\u00edsme. Zvy\u010dajn\u00e1 formula uv\u00e1dza najprv <em>Baal Hammona<\/em> a bohy\u0148u <em>Tinnit<\/em> (\u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00fa ako &#8222;Tinnit, tv\u00e1r Baala&#8220;), potom meno don\u00e1tora a jeho \u017eelanie.<\/p><p>Tieto n\u00e1pisy predstavuj\u00fa najhustej\u0161\u00ed epigrafick\u00fd prame\u0148 pre punsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo v\u00f4bec a robia z Baal-Hammona najlep\u0161ie dolo\u017een\u00e9ho kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>.<\/p><p>V\u00fdklad tofetu je od 19. storo\u010dia sporn\u00fd. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antick\u00ed<\/span> gr\u00e9cki a r\u00edmski autori ako Diodoros a Plutarchos hovoria o kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fdch obet\u00e1ch det\u00ed a \u010das\u0165 v\u00fdskumu vid\u00ed v tofete archeologick\u00e9 potvrdenie tejto praxe.<\/p><p>Protistanovisko, zast\u00e1van\u00e9 okrem in\u00fdch Sabatinom Moscatim a nesk\u00f4r \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi, vyklad\u00e1 tento okrsok ako pohrebisko pre inak zomret\u00e9 mal\u00e9 deti. Nov\u0161ie osteologick\u00e9 sk\u00famania spopolnen\u00fdch kost\u00ed spor jednozna\u010dne nerozhodli. Pre popis Baal-Hammona to znamen\u00e1: jeho najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie kultov\u00e9 miesto je z\u00e1rove\u0148 najspornej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1lezom punskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama minul\u00e9 kult\u00fary na z\u00e1klade hmotn\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov.\" tabindex=\"0\">archeol\u00f3gie<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d8c90e4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d8c90e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp239ab422 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp239ab422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interpretatio: Saturn, Kronos a pre\u017e\u00edvanie v r\u00edmskej dobe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22113ba9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp22113ba9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp234d4277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp234d4277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal Hammon nezanikol so zni\u010den\u00edm Kart\u00e1ga v roku 146 pred n. l. V r\u00edmskej severnej Afrike \u017eil \u010falej pod menom <em>Saturnus Africanus<\/em>, \u010do je jeden z najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie dolo\u017een\u00fdch kultov provincie Africa.<\/p><p>Stovky saturnovsk\u00fdch st\u00e9l z r\u00edmskej doby ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee punsk\u00e9 obyvate\u013estvo uctievalo svoje p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 bo\u017estvo pod r\u00edmskym menom, s vlastn\u00fdmi ikonografick\u00fdmi rysmi, napr\u00edklad boha pod z\u00e1vojom alebo s kos\u00e1kom.<\/p><p>U\u017e Gr\u00e9ci stoto\u017e\u0148ovali Baal Hammona s <em>Kronom<\/em>, \u010do hr\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu najm\u00e4 v spr\u00e1vach o obetovan\u00ed det\u00ed, preto\u017ee Kronos po\u017eieral svoje vlastn\u00e9 deti.<\/p><p>Rimania potom zvolili Saturna, latinsk\u00e9 protip\u00f3lov\u00e9 bo\u017estvo Krona. T\u00e1to <em>interpretatio<\/em> je pre v\u00fdskum obojse\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom: na jednej strane ukazuje kontinuitu, na druhej strane prekr\u00fdva punsk\u00fa postavu gr\u00e9cko-r\u00edmskymi predstavami.<\/p><p>Ot\u00e1zku, kto bol Baal Hammon p\u00f4vodne, teda nemo\u017eno zodpoveda\u0165 len na z\u00e1klade neskorej rovnice so Saturnom. Diskutuje sa o tom, \u010di pr\u00edvlastok <em>Hammon<\/em> odkazuje na n\u00e1zov miesta, napr\u00edklad na severos\u00fdrsky Hamath alebo na nejak\u00fa horu, alebo na semitsk\u00e9 slovo pre \u201en\u00e1dobu s uhl\u00edkmi\u201c \u010di \u201ekadidlov\u00fd olt\u00e1r\u201c.<\/p><p>Eric Gubel, Paolo Xella a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed sa venovali t\u00fdmto ot\u00e1zkam, bez toho, aby sa dosiahol konsenzus. Ist\u00e9 je len to, \u017ee r\u00edmska saturnovsk\u00e1 maska je najmlad\u0161ou, nie p\u00f4vodnou vrstvou tejto postavy. K z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvu<\/span> s rovnak\u00fdm slovn\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom pozri aj <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157966\">Yam<\/a> v ugaritskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn bohov n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3ne<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Marcel Le Glay: <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (Paris 1966)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (Milano 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar: <em>Le tophet de Salammb\u00f4 \u00e0 Carthage<\/em> (R\u00edm 2004)<\/li><li>Brian Doak: <em>Phoenician Aniconism<\/em> (Atlanta 2015)<\/li><li>Josephine Quinn: <em>In Search of the Phoenicians<\/em> (Princeton 2018)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-baalhammon e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-baalhammon\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-baalhammon-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-baalhammon-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon vystupuje ako punsko-kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9 najvy\u0161\u0161ie bo\u017estvo, ktor\u00e9ho tofetsk\u00e9 sv\u00e4tyne v Kart\u00e1gu potvrdzuj\u00fa jeho postavenie najvy\u0161\u0161ieho ochrann\u00e9ho bo\u017estva; v r\u00edmskej f\u00e1ze sa \u010falej uctieva ako Saturnus Africanus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Baal-Hammon Kart\u00e1go Punsk\u00e9 Saturnus Tofet Obetovanie det\u00ed Africana.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-baal-hammon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa trad\u00edciu nosite\u013en\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v trad\u00edcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/fenicania-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">F\u00e9nicka<\/a> a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kult\u00far po celom svete. 41 vrstiev, r\u00fddze zlato, platina, striebro, vyroben\u00e9 v Nemecku. 30-d\u0148ov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vr\u00e1tenia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nie je to zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka. \u017diadny pr\u00eds\u013eub lie\u010denia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nie je zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka<\/strong> a nenahr\u00e1dza lek\u00e1rske ani psychoterapeutick\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie. Religionistick\u00fd obsah predstavuje kult\u00farno-historick\u00e9 zaradenie, nie odpor\u00fa\u010danie duchovnej praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2848,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Baal-Hammon Kart\u00e1go najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1go najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh, tofet, Saturnus","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-157965","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1go najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh, tofet, Saturnus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-04T22:47:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/\",\"name\":\"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1go najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh, tofet, Saturnus\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-04T22:20:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T22:47:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Bohovia z f\u00e9nickej trad\u00edcie.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/?page_id=157572\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-04T22:20:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T22:47:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"description\":\"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1go najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh, tofet, Saturnus","description":"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh","og_description":"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-04T22:47:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh","datePublished":"2026-09-04T22:20:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T22:47:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","inLanguage":"sk-SK","description":"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/","name":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1go najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh, tofet, Saturnus","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-04T22:20:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T22:47:12+00:00","description":"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Bohovia z f\u00e9nickej trad\u00edcie."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157572"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh","datePublished":"2026-09-04T22:20:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T22:47:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/baal-hammon-kartaginsky-najvyssi-boh\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","inLanguage":"sk-SK","description":"Baal-Hammon je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd boh Kart\u00e1ga, man\u017eel Tanit a pr\u00edjemca obet\u00edn z tofetu. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157965"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157965\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}