{"id":157962,"date":"2026-09-04T22:20:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157962"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:47:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:47:07","slug":"astarte-fenicka-bohyna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/astarte-fenicka-bohyna\/","title":{"rendered":"Astart\u00e9 \u2013 F\u00e9nick\u00e1 bohy\u0148a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157962\" class=\"elementor elementor-157962 elementor-2625 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astart\u00e9, f\u00e9nick\u00e1 bohy\u0148a l\u00e1sky, vojny a kr\u00e1\u013eovskej vl\u00e1dy<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astart\u00e9 (f\u00e9nicky <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em>) je najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie \u017eensk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pante\u00f3nu a objavuje sa v mestsk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch Sidon, T\u00fdros, Byblos, Kition a v celom f\u00e9nickom Stredomor\u00ed. Je bohy\u0148ou l\u00e1sky, vojny, kr\u00e1\u013eovskej vl\u00e1dy a plodnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohy\u0148a f\u00e9nickej trad\u00edcie.\">Bohy\u0148a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/fenicania-kartago-baal-tanit\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytol\u00f3gia f\u00e9nickej trad\u00edcie.\">F\u00e9nick\u00e1<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Vrcholov\u00e9 bo\u017estvo.\">Vrcholov\u00e9 bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-astartepho-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159802\" alt=\"Astarte Fenick\u00e1 \u2013 bohovia z f\u00e9nickej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astart\u00e9 (akkadsky I\u0161tar, ugaritsky \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu) je f\u00e9nickou formou jedn\u00e9ho z najstar\u0161\u00edch \u017eensk\u00fdch bo\u017estiev Predn\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu. Sabatino Moscati vo svojej pr\u00e1ci <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (1966) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Astart\u00e9 zauj\u00edma \u00fastredn\u00e9 postavenie takmer v ka\u017edom f\u00e9nickom mestskom \u0161t\u00e1te, \u010dasto ako man\u017eelka miestneho hlavn\u00e9ho boha.<\/p><p>V Sidone je man\u017eelkou Eshmuna, v T\u00fdre vystupuje spolu s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157964\">Melqartom<\/a>, v Byblose spolu s Baalat. V r\u00e1mci <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/fenicania-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">f\u00e9nickej trad\u00edcie<\/a> je z\u010faleka najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou bohy\u0148ou.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet predlo\u017eila v diele <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) najkomplexnej\u0161iu monografiu venovan\u00fa tomuto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvu<\/span>. Ukazuje, \u017ee Astart\u00e9 mala ve\u013emi \u0161irok\u00fd profil funkci\u00ed: bohy\u0148a l\u00e1sky a sexuality, bohy\u0148a vojny, ochranky\u0148a kr\u00e1\u013eovskej moci, ochranky\u0148a moreplavcov, bohy\u0148a lie\u010denia a v niektor\u00fdch kontextoch mala aj chtonicko-podsvetn\u00fa funkciu. T\u00e1to viacfunk\u010dnos\u0165 je typick\u00e1 pre starovek\u00fa orient\u00e1lnu bohy\u0148u z rodiny \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar.<\/p><p>Z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva patr\u00ed Astart\u00e9 k z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00e9mu typu bohyne, ktor\u00fd sa vyvinul zo staros\u00fdrsko-amoritskej trad\u00edcie A\u1e6ftart. V 1. tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed pred Kristom bola identifikovan\u00e1 s gr\u00e9ckou Afroditou; cypersk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia Afrodity vych\u00e1dza priamo z f\u00e9nickej Astart\u00e9, ako u\u017e poznamenal Herodotos.<\/p><p>D\u00f4le\u017eitou lok\u00e1lnou \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciou je \u201eAstart\u00e9 z Libanonu\u201c, spom\u00ednan\u00e1 vo viacer\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch; pravdepodobne bola toto\u017en\u00e1 s Astart\u00e9 z Bejr\u00fatu. V T\u00fdre je zdokumentovan\u00e1 aj \u201eAstart\u00e9 z mora\u201c. T\u00e1to pestros\u0165 hypost\u00e1z je typick\u00e1 pre f\u00e9nick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a rob\u00ed z Astart\u00e9 najdiferencovanej\u0161iu bohy\u0148u pante\u00f3nu.<\/p><p>Postavenie Astart\u00e9 vo f\u00e9nickom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor v\u0161etk\u00fdch bohov n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3ne<\/span> je porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s hetitskou <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157952\">Slne\u010dnou bohy\u0148ou z Arinny<\/a> alebo s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157955\">Hebat<\/a> ako najvy\u0161\u0161ou \u017eenskou r\u00ed\u0161skou bohy\u0148ou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno \u02bf\u0161trt (Astart\u00e9) je z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00e9 a patr\u00ed ku kore\u0148u <em>\u02bf\u0161tr<\/em>, ktor\u00fd je z\u00e1kladom aj pre \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu (Ugarit) a I\u0161tar (Mezopot\u00e1mia). Etymol\u00f3gia nie je definit\u00edvne objasnen\u00e1; jedno z pravdepodobn\u00fdch vysvetlen\u00ed sp\u00e1ja kore\u0148 s pojmom \u201ehviezda\u201c a ch\u00e1pe Astart\u00e9 ako \u201ehviezdnu bohy\u0148u\u201c, pravdepodobne s odkazom na rann\u00fa hviezdu (Venu\u0161u).<\/p><p>Vo f\u00e9nick\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch sa objavuje ako <em>\u02bf\u0161trt<\/em>, rovnako aj v punsk\u00fdch textoch. V\u00fdznamnou helenistickou formou je <em>A\u0161tart<\/em>, odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00faca aramejsk\u00fa hl\u00e1skov\u00fa premenu.<\/p><p>V akkad\u010dine je identifikovan\u00e1 s I\u0161tar; v helenistickom svete s Afroditou alebo H\u00e9rou (pod\u013ea toho, ktor\u00e1 funkcia bola zd\u00f4raznen\u00e1); v Egypte sa od Novej r\u00ed\u0161e objavuje ako samostatn\u00e9 importovan\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> pod menom Astart\u00e9. Aj tam si zachov\u00e1va svoj z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00fd charakter.<\/p><p>Gr\u00e9cka Afrodita Urania priamo zodpoved\u00e1 f\u00e9nickej Astart\u00e9; Herodotos odvodzuje jej kult z Fen\u00edcie cez Cyprus do Gr\u00e9cka. T\u00e1to l\u00ednia dedi\u010dstva rob\u00ed z Astart\u00e9 jednu z najvplyvnej\u0161\u00edch boh\u00fd\u0148 v dejin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva stredomorsk\u00e9ho sveta.<\/p><p>V niektor\u00fdch textoch sa ozna\u010duje aj ako \u201eNebesk\u00e1 pani\u201c alebo \u201eKr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 neba\u201c, titul, ktor\u00fd sa objavuje aj v biblickej knihe Jeremi\u00e1\u0161 (Jer 7,18; 44,17, 19), kde je kritizovan\u00fd. T\u00fato trad\u00edciu \u201eKr\u00e1\u013eovnej neba\u201c z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sk\u00famal Saby Caves a predstavuje d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 spojenie medzi kana\u00e1nskymi a biblick\u00fdmi dejinami n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astart\u00e9 sa vo f\u00e9nickej ikonografii objavuje vo viacer\u00fdch typoch zobrazen\u00ed: ako nah\u00e1 stojaca bohy\u0148a (p\u00f3za tzv. \u201eAstartinej plaketky\u201c), ako tr\u00f3nov\u00e1 kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 s korunou polos, ako bohy\u0148a vojny s kopijou a \u0161t\u00edtom, jazdiaca na levovi alebo ako nebesk\u00e1 kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 obklopen\u00e1 hviezdami. T\u00e1to rozmanitos\u0165 zobrazen\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017ea jej mnohorak\u00fa funk\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p><p>Jej sv\u00e4t\u00fdm zviera\u0165om je lev alebo levica; v Sidone a Kart\u00e1gu je \u010dasto zobrazovan\u00e1 tr\u00f3nnu sediac alebo jazdiac na levovi. Prira\u010fovan\u00e1 je jej aj holubica, najm\u00e4 v cypersk\u00fdch a stredomorsk\u00fdch kontextoch; Afroditine holubice s\u00fa priamym dedi\u010dstvom f\u00e9nickej Astart\u00e9. \u010eal\u0161ou zvieracou asoci\u00e1ciou je had, ktor\u00fd predstavuje jej chtonick\u00fa str\u00e1nku.<\/p><p>V z\u00e1padostredomorsk\u00fdch kol\u00f3ni\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 v Tartesse (\u0160panielsko), bola Astart\u00e9 uctievan\u00e1 s obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve\u013ekou intenzitou; sl\u00e1vna bronzov\u00e1 fig\u00farka \u201eAstart\u00e9 z Carambola\u201c zo 7. storo\u010dia pred Kristom ju zobrazuje ako tr\u00f3nov\u00fa bohy\u0148u s f\u00e9nick\u00fdm vot\u00edvnym n\u00e1pisom. Aj v Seville, C\u00e1dize a na in\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch boli n\u00e1jden\u00e9 fig\u00farky Astart\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 dokumentuj\u00fa intenz\u00edvnu pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 jej kultu.<\/p><p>V Kitione (Cyprus) bol vykopan\u00fd obrovsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> Astart\u00e9, ktor\u00fd patr\u00ed k najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e4tyniam stredomorsk\u00e9ho sveta z doby \u017eeleznej. Vykop\u00e1vky pod veden\u00edm Vassosa Karageorghisa a v nov\u0161om \u010dase pod veden\u00edm Marie Iacovou v\u00fdrazne roz\u0161\u00edrili obraz f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho kultu na Cypre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V ugaritsk\u00fdch textoch (KTU 1.92 a in\u00e9) sa Astart\u00e9 objavuje ako bohy\u0148a lovu a spolo\u010dn\u00ed\u010dka <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157960\">Baala<\/a>; v Baalovom cykle v\u0161ak hr\u00e1 men\u0161iu \u00falohu ne\u017e jej sestra <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157970\">Anat<\/a>. Vo f\u00e9nick\u00fdch mytologick\u00fdch zlomkoch, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm u Fil\u00f3na z Byblosu (citovan\u00e9ho u Eus\u00e9bia), sa objavuje ako kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 cestuje na b\u00fdkovi do T\u00fdru a tam zasad\u00e1 na kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd tr\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Fil\u00f3n uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Astart\u00e9 &#8218;na\u0161la b\u00fd\u010diu hlavu&#8216; a nasadila si ju na vlastn\u00fa hlavu, \u010d\u00edm potvrdila svoju bo\u017eskos\u0165. Tento pr\u00edbeh pripom\u00edna egyptsk\u00fa trad\u00edciu o Hathor a mezopot\u00e1msky pr\u00edbeh o Inanne a Anu. Albert Baumgarten kritick\u00fa ed\u00edciu tohto materi\u00e1lu spracoval v diele <em>The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos<\/em> (1981).<\/p><p>V helenistick\u00fdch textoch je Astart\u00e9 sp\u00e1jan\u00e1 s pr\u00edbehom o Eur\u00f3pe: Eur\u00f3pu, dc\u00e9ru kr\u00e1\u013ea Agenora z T\u00fdru, uniesol Zeus v podobe b\u00fdka na Kr\u00e9tu. Toto spojenie je historicky v\u00fdrazn\u00e9: Astart\u00e9 je z\u00e1rove\u0148 matkou Eur\u00f3py aj jej bo\u017esk\u00fdm pozad\u00edm. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor tradovan\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov o bohoch ur\u010ditej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mytol\u00f3gia<\/span> o Eur\u00f3pe je tak hel\u00e9no-f\u00e9nickou synt\u00e9zou.<\/p><p>Z kart\u00e1ginskej doby sa zachovalo spojenie medzi Astart\u00e9 a hrdinskou postavou Dido; kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 Dido, zakladate\u013eka Kart\u00e1ga, je v niektor\u00fdch r\u00edmskych prame\u0148och ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 ako &#8218;k\u0148azsk\u00e9 vtelenie&#8216; Astart\u00e9. T\u00e1to identifik\u00e1cia je z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uctievanie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edmi kultov\u00fdmi centrami Astart\u00e9 boli Sid\u00f3n (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> Astart\u00e9, postaven\u00fd E\u0161munazarom II.), T\u00fdros, Byblos (s Baalat), Kition (Cyprus, kde rozsiahly Astartin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> dominoval ostrovu), Kart\u00e1go a stredomorsk\u00e9 kol\u00f3nie. Maria Eugenia Aubet zdokumentovala stredomorsk\u00e9 \u0161\u00edrenie kultu v diele <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001).<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakonov uctievania venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> zah\u0155\u0148al z\u00e1paln\u00e9 obety, tekut\u00e9 obety a takzvan\u00fa &#8218;sv\u00e4t\u00fa tane\u010dn\u00fa sl\u00e1vnos\u0165&#8216;, ktor\u00fa spom\u00ednaj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 f\u00e9nick\u00e9 prame\u0148y.<\/p><p>Osobitn\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vali <em>qedeshim<\/em> a <em>qedeshot<\/em>, zasv\u00e4ten\u00ed mu\u017ei a \u017eeny, ktor\u00fdch presn\u00e1 funkcia je predmetom vedeck\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed; Annie Caubet, Corinne Bonnet a Stephanie Budin sa vyjadrili proti star\u0161ej interpret\u00e1cii tejto praxe ako &#8218;chr\u00e1movej prostit\u00facie&#8216;, hoci ot\u00e1zka nie je definit\u00edvne vyrie\u0161en\u00e1.<\/p><p>V helenistickom obdob\u00ed bola Astart\u00e9 identifikovan\u00e1 s Afroditou; sl\u00e1vna Afroditina <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00e9 miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148a<\/span> v Pafose na Cypre je historicky priamym pokra\u010dovan\u00edm f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho kultu Astart\u00e9. Aj v Korinte, v Eryxe (Sic\u00edlia) a na mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch miestach v Stredomor\u00ed sa f\u00e9nick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia Astart\u00e9 \u010falej udr\u017eiavala pod gr\u00e9ckym menom.<\/p><p>V Kart\u00e1gu Astart\u00e9 postupne \u010doraz viac ustupovala <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157963\">Tanit<\/a>, hoci \u00faplne nezmizla; v tofetsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch sa obe bohyne miestami objavuj\u00fa spolo\u010dne. T\u00e1to konkurencia dvoch \u017eensk\u00fdch vrchn\u00fdch bo\u017estiev patr\u00ed k najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edm znakom punsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax a apotropaika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astart\u00e9 bola ochranky\u0148ou kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch rod\u00edn, tehotn\u00fdch \u017eien, moreplavcov a bojovn\u00edkov. V Sid\u00f3ne sa objavuje na kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch pe\u010datiach ako ochranky\u0148a kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho domu; sl\u00e1vny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> kr\u00e1\u013ea E\u0161munazara II. (5. storo\u010die pred Kr.) ju spom\u00edna spolu s E\u0161munom ako najvy\u0161\u0161iu ochranky\u0148u.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracaj\u00faci ne\u0161\u0165astie: o znakoch a predmetoch, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa zamedzi\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00fdm vplyvom.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaicky<\/span> boli fig\u00farky Astart\u00e9 stavan\u00e9 v domoch; takzvan\u00e9 &#8218;astartovsk\u00e9 plakety&#8216;, mal\u00e9 terakotov\u00e9 reli\u00e9fy nahej \u017eeny, s\u00fa zn\u00e1me v tis\u00edckach exempl\u00e1rov z f\u00e9nick\u00fdch lokal\u00edt. Zrejme sl\u00fa\u017eili na ochranu, vz\u00fdvanie plodnosti a ochranu dom\u00e1cnosti. Funkcia t\u00fdchto plakiet je vo v\u00fdskume predmetom sporov; ich po\u010detnos\u0165 je v ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade d\u00f4kazom intenz\u00edvneho dom\u00e1ceho kultu Astart\u00e9.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Vo f\u00e9nick\u00fdch obradoch spojen\u00fdch s cestovan\u00edm bola Astart\u00e9 vz\u00fdvan\u00e1 ako ochranky\u0148a plavby; kapit\u00e1ni a obchodn\u00edci jej prin\u00e1\u0161ali obetn\u00e9 dary pred plavbou a po nej. T\u00e1to &#8218;cestovn\u00e1 zbo\u017enos\u0165&#8216; je z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva zauj\u00edmav\u00e1, preto\u017ee priamo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom r\u00e1mcuje medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa mobilitu f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho svetiadobetav\u00fd svet. Spomienka na Astart\u00e9 v iWell Guard je uv\u00e1dzan\u00e1 ako historick\u00e1 postava bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch lie\u010debn\u00fdch s\u013eubov.<\/p><p>F\u00e9nick\u00e9 skarabeov\u00e9 pe\u010date zo 7. a 6. storo\u010dia pred Kr. \u010dasto zobrazuj\u00fa mot\u00edvy Astart\u00e9: nah\u00e1 stojaca bohy\u0148a, Astart\u00e9 na levovi, Astart\u00e9 s lotosov\u00fdm kvetom. Tieto mal\u00e9 pe\u010date sa nosili ako osobn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 amulety a boli vo f\u00e9nickom svete ve\u013emi roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarte patr\u00ed do ve\u013ekej z\u00e1padosemitsko-mezopot\u00e1mskej rodiny boh\u00fd\u0148 \u02bfA\u1e6ftart\/I\u0161tar. Je bl\u00edzko pr\u00edbuzn\u00e1 s ugaritskou \u02bfA\u1e6ftartu, mezopot\u00e1mskou I\u0161tar, stredoaramejskou Atargatis (s vlastn\u00fdm samostatn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom), hurritskou \u0160au\u0161gou a hetitskou I\u0161tar zo \u0160amuhy. V akkad\u010dine je mnohostrannos\u0165 funkci\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dobre dokumentovan\u00e1 pri I\u0161tar z Uruku.<\/p><p>S gr\u00e9ckou Afroditou je Astarte z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva toto\u017en\u00e1; cypersk\u00e1 Afrodita je priamym pokra\u010dovan\u00edm fenickej Astarty. Aj gr\u00e9cka H\u00e9ra, At\u00e9na a v niektor\u00fdch aspektoch Artemis nes\u00fa dedi\u010dstvo Astarty. V Kart\u00e1gu sa \u010doraz viac zlieva s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157963\">Tanit<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 si vytv\u00e1ra vlastn\u00fa samostatn\u00fa funkciu.<\/p><p>V hebrejsk\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch sa Astarte objavuje ako A\u0161toret, polemicky negat\u00edvne vykreslen\u00e1 (1 Kr\u00e1\u013eov 11,5; 2 Kr\u00e1\u013eov 23,13). T\u00e1to polemika je namieren\u00e1 proti kana\u00e1nskemu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu vo fenickej forme.<\/p><p>Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je Astarte pre star\u00fd Izrael konkuren\u010dn\u00fdm bo\u017estvom z tej istej kana\u00e1nskej trad\u00edcie; biblick\u00fd anti-a\u0161tartizmus je teologickou reakciou na skuto\u010dn\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa bl\u00edzkos\u0165. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/hetitsko-anatolske-tarhunna-ochranna-prax\/\">Hetitsk\u00e9<\/a> paralely sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa u \u0160au\u0161gy zo \u0160amuhy.<\/p><p>Identifik\u00e1cia Astarte = Afrodita nie je historicky \u013eubovo\u013en\u00e1; Pausanias a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00ed<\/span> autori dokladaj\u00fa odvodenie gr\u00e9ckej Afrodity z fenick\u00fdch predl\u00f4h. \u0160t\u00fadie Waltera Burkerta v diele <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> a Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge s\u00fa v tejto ot\u00e1zke \u0161tandardnou referenciou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 recepcia a v\u00fdskum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Astarty je dnes na vysokej \u00farovni. Monografia Corinne Bonnetovej <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (1996) je \u0161tandardnou referenciou; Stephanie Budinov\u00e1 v diele <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (2003) kriticky rozober\u00e1 spojenie s Afroditou. Sabatino Moscati a Maria Eugenia Aubetov\u00e1 s\u00fa autoritami pre stredomorsk\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie kultu. Vydanie fenick\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov od Charlesa Krahmalkova a Wolfganga R\u00f6lliga poskytuje prim\u00e1rne texty.<\/p><p>V popul\u00e1rnej recepcii je Astarte zn\u00e1ma najm\u00e4 prostredn\u00edctvom svojej identifik\u00e1cie s Afroditou a biblickej polemiky. Duchovn\u00e9 o\u017eivenie v novopohanskom zmysle, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vo feministick\u00fdch a novopohansk\u00fdch kruhoch od 80. rokov 20. storo\u010dia, prijalo Astartu ako \u201ebohy\u0148u matku\u201c; t\u00e1to modern\u00e1 recepcia je z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva problematick\u00e1, preto\u017ee zjednodu\u0161uje jej historick\u00fd profil.<\/p><p>Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa Astarte dnes pova\u017euje za jeden z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch predmetov \u0161t\u00fadia z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eisk\u00e1 v\u00fdskumu sa s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa na rozli\u0161ovanie miestnych hypost\u00e1z Astarty (Astarte zo Sidonu, T\u00fdru, Byblosu, Kitionu), na s\u00favislos\u0165 s trad\u00edciou Afrodity a na ot\u00e1zku <em>qedeshot<\/em> v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulte<\/span> Astarty. iWell Guard uv\u00e1dza Astartu ako centr\u00e1lneho \u010dlena <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor bohov jednotliv\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3nu<\/span>, nie ako s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1ta ochrany.<\/p><p>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z fenick\u00fdch lokal\u00edt v \u0160panielsku (Sevilla, C\u00e1diz) a Maroku (Lixus) v\u00fdrazne roz\u0161iruj\u00fa obraz jej \u00facty na z\u00e1pade. V\u00fdskumy Mar\u00ede Bel\u00e9n Deamosovej a Manuely Mar\u00ednovej v posledn\u00fdch rokoch priniesli d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nov\u00e9 doklady.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara a zdroje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nasleduj\u00faci v\u00fdber zh\u0155\u0148a najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 diela v\u00fdskumu Astarty. Zah\u0155\u0148a monografie, ed\u00edcie n\u00e1pisov a historick\u00e9 synt\u00e9zy. Kniha Corinne Bonnetovej <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> je prv\u00fdm vstupom do t\u00e9my; Budinov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia o Afrodite rozober\u00e1 gr\u00e9cku l\u00edniu; Aubetov\u00e1 stredomorsk\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie. Krahmalkovova gramatika fenicko-punskej jazyka poskytuje jazykovohistorick\u00fd materi\u00e1l a klasick\u00e1 synt\u00e9za Moscatiho kult\u00farnohistorick\u00fd r\u00e1mec.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b13b4ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b13b4ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp277df97f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp277df97f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte v E\u0161munazarovom sarkof\u00e1gu a v kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisoch zo Sidonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp293101c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp293101c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26973d69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26973d69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch epigrafick\u00fdch prame\u0148ov o Astarte je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> na sarkof\u00e1gu kr\u00e1\u013ea E\u0161munazara II. zo Sidonu, datovan\u00fd do po\u010diatku 5. storo\u010dia pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom. Samotn\u00fd sarkof\u00e1g je egyptsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu a bol n\u00e1jden\u00fd v roku 1855; dnes sa nach\u00e1dza v Louvri. Fenick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> patr\u00ed medzi najdlh\u0161ie zachovan\u00e9 texty v tomto jazyku.<\/p><p>V \u0148om kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd dom uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Astarte postavil <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca uctievaniu jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>. Spom\u00edna sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4ty\u0148a venovan\u00e1 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4ty\u0148a<\/span> <em>Astarte \u0160em Baal<\/em>, teda Astarty, mena Baala, obrat bl\u00edzky v\u00fdrazu Tanit pene Baal z punsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov, ktor\u00fd vyjadruje teologick\u00e9 spojenie medzi bohy\u0148ou a bohom.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">N\u00e1pis<\/span> spom\u00edna aj boha E\u0161muna, \u010d\u00edm odha\u013euje n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd program sidonskej kr\u00e1\u013eovskej dynastie.<\/p><p>Druh\u00fdm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm prame\u0148om je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd alebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010da.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> kr\u00e1\u013ea Boda\u0161tarta, tie\u017e zo Sidonu, ktor\u00fd rovnako hovor\u00ed o stavebnej \u010dinnosti pre Astartu a E\u0161muna. Z t\u00fdchto textov vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee Astarte bola hlavnou bohy\u0148ou Sidonu a mestsk\u00fd kult bol \u00fazko spojen\u00fd s legitimitou kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho domu.<\/p><p>Fenick\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy s\u00fa preto tak vz\u00e1cne, preto\u017ee na rozdiel od mytologick\u00fdch textov z Ugaritu poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa priamo z fenick\u00e9ho jadra a z re\u00e1lnej kultovej praxe.<\/p><p>Ukazuj\u00fa Astartu nie ako postavu pr\u00edbehu, ale ako pr\u00edjemky\u0148u chr\u00e1mov, nad\u00e1ci\u00ed a kr\u00e1\u013eovskej \u00facty. Vydania t\u00fdchto textov sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v \u0161tandardn\u00fdch zbierkach fenick\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov, napr\u00edklad u Herberta Donnera a Wolfganga R\u00f6lliga.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2acdcf65 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2acdcf65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28ce0b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28ce0b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarte, Afrodita a gr\u00e9cky preklad bohyne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp241006cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp241006cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21761654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21761654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gr\u00e9ci, ktor\u00ed boli s Feni\u010danmi v kontakte v celom stredomorskom priestore, stoto\u017e\u0148ovali Astartu so svojou vlastnou bohy\u0148ou l\u00e1sky a kr\u00e1sy Afroditou. Toto stoto\u017enenie je viac ne\u017e len prekladom mena.<\/p><p>Herodotos hovor\u00ed o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4tyni<\/span> nebeskej Afrodity v A\u0161kalone a naz\u00fdva ju najstar\u0161ou zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch sv\u00e4t\u00fd\u0148 tejto bohyne, z ktorej mala poch\u00e1dza\u0165 aj sv\u00e4ty\u0148a na Cypre. T\u00fdm v\u00fdslovne umiest\u0148uje p\u00f4vod Afrodity do s\u00fdrsko-f\u00e9nickej oblasti.<\/p><p>Cyprus zohr\u00e1va v tomto pr\u00edbehu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu. Ostrov os\u00eddlili Feni\u010dania u\u017e ve\u013emi skoro, najm\u00e4 mesto Kition, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> cyperskej bohyne, ktor\u00fa Gr\u00e9ci uctievali ako Afroditu, nesie v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 stopy Astarty.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Miesto zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 uctievaniu bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sv\u00e4ty\u0148a<\/span> v Pafose na Cypre uctievala svoj kultov\u00fd obraz v podobe ku\u017ee\u013eovit\u00e9ho kame\u0148a, \u010do je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd zvyk, ktor\u00fd sa v spolo\u010denstve pravidelne opakuje.\" tabindex=\"0\">zvyk<\/span>, ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 sk\u00f4r predo\u00e1zijsk\u00e9mu ne\u017e gr\u00e9cky mu ch\u00e1paniu kultu.<\/p><p>B\u00e1danie sa zaober\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, do akej miery je Afrodita p\u00f4vodne gr\u00e9ckym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvom<\/span>, alebo \u010di v podstatnej miere vznikla prevzat\u00edm f\u00e9nickej Astarty. Walter Burkert vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o orient\u00e1lnom vplyve na gr\u00e9cke n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo t\u00fato s\u00favislos\u0165 silne zd\u00f4raz\u0148oval. In\u00ed b\u00e1datelia vidia zmie\u0161anie indoeur\u00f3pskej bohyne \u00fasvitu s predo\u00e1zijsk\u00fdmi prvkami.<\/p><p>Ist\u00e9 je, \u017ee Astarta a Afrodita sa po st\u00e1ro\u010dia ch\u00e1pali ako dve men\u00e1 pr\u00edbuznej bohyne. Pre Astartu to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jej p\u00f4sobenie \u010faleko presahuje f\u00e9nick\u00e9 mest\u00e1 a pokra\u010duje v gr\u00e9ckom a nesk\u00f4r r\u00edmskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cd57195 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2cd57195\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b9874d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b9874d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Astarta a A\u0161toret v hebrejskej Biblii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d0ede1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d0ede1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e38e53c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e38e53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Astarta sa v hebrejskej Biblii objavuje v podobe <em>A\u0161toret<\/em>, v mno\u017enom \u010d\u00edsle <em>A\u0161tarot<\/em>. Vokaliz\u00e1cia tohto mena je pod\u013ea b\u00e1dania pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za z\u00e1mern\u00e9 skomolenie: masoretsk\u00ed u\u010denci mali p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 hl\u00e1sky nahradi\u0165 hl\u00e1skami hebrejsk\u00e9ho slova pre hanbu, postup, ktor\u00fd sa predpoklad\u00e1 aj pri in\u00fdch cudz\u00edch bo\u017estv\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Biblick\u00e9 texty spom\u00ednaj\u00fa A\u0161toret na viacer\u00fdch miestach. V prvej knihe Kr\u00e1\u013eov je ozna\u010den\u00e1 za bohy\u0148u Sidoncov, ktorej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> mal povoli\u0165 kr\u00e1\u013e Salomon.<\/p><p>\u010casto sa objavuje v mno\u017enom \u010d\u00edsle spolu s Baalmi, postavami Baala, ako s\u00fahrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie cudz\u00edch kultov, proti ktor\u00fdm biblick\u00ed autori polemizuj\u00fa. Kniha S\u00fadcov a knihy Samuelove pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa obrat, \u017ee \u013eud sl\u00fa\u017eil Baalom a Astartam.<\/p><p>Tieto zmienky s\u00fa z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 z dvoch d\u00f4vodov. Po prv\u00e9 potvrdzuj\u00fa z vonkaj\u0161ej strany, \u017ee Astarta bola skuto\u010dne hlavnou bohy\u0148ou Sidonu, \u010do dokladaj\u00fa aj f\u00e9nick\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy z vlastnej perspekt\u00edvy. Po druh\u00e9 ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Astarty bol roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd aj medzi obyvate\u013estvom izraelskej a judskej oblasti, inak by prorock\u00e1 polemika nemala cie\u013e.<\/p><p>Biblia je v tomto pr\u00edpade nepriate\u013esk\u00fdm, ale pr\u00e1ve preto v\u00fdpovedn\u00fdm prame\u0148om. Neprin\u00e1\u0161a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a viere dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3giu<\/span> uctieva\u010dov Astarty, ale nepriamy d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee ich <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> bol dostato\u010dne \u017eiv\u00fd, aby bol po st\u00e1ro\u010dia vn\u00edman\u00fd ako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 konkurencia.<\/p><p>Ot\u00e1zka, ako sa A\u0161toret vz\u0165ahuje k v Biblii tie\u017e spom\u00ednanej A\u0161ere, zost\u00e1va v b\u00e1dan\u00ed na\u010falej diskutovanou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Corinne Bonnet: <em>Astart\u00e9<\/em> (R\u00edm 1996)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Origin of Aphrodite<\/em> (Bethesda 2003)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>Stephanie Budin: <em>The Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity<\/em> (Cambridge 2008)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-astartephoenix-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vo f\u00e9nickom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet a.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdte<\/span> sp\u00e1ja Astarta l\u00e1sku, vojnu a kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fa vl\u00e1du; jej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch prakt\u00edk venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> sa roz\u0161\u00edril od Sidonu a T\u00fdru a\u017e po Kart\u00e1go a nesk\u00f4r ovplyvnil helenistick\u00e9 stoto\u017enenia s Afroditou a H\u00e9rou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Astarta Feni\u010dania bohy\u0148a l\u00e1ska vojna I\u0161tar Afrodita Sidon T\u00fdros.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-astarte-phoenix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa trad\u00edciu nosite\u013en\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v trad\u00edcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/fenicania-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">F\u00e9nicka<\/a> a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kult\u00far po celom svete. 41 vrstiev, r\u00fddze zlato, platina, striebro, vyroben\u00e9 v Nemecku. 30-d\u0148ov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vr\u00e1tenia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nie je to zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka. \u017diadny pr\u00eds\u013eub lie\u010denia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-astartepho-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-astartepho-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nie je zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka<\/strong> a nenahr\u00e1dza lek\u00e1rske ani psychoterapeutick\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie. Religionistick\u00fd obsah predstavuje kult\u00farno-historick\u00e9 zaradenie, nie odpor\u00fa\u010danie duchovnej praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2847,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Astart\u00e9 F\u00e9ni\u010dania bohy\u0148a","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Astart\u00e9 \u2013 F\u00e9nick\u00e1 bohy\u0148a, m\u00fdtus, kult","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Astart\u00e9 je najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie \u017eensk\u00e9 bo\u017estvo f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pante\u00f3nu, sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 s l\u00e1skou, vojnou a kr\u00e1\u013eovskou 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