{"id":157949,"date":"2026-09-04T22:19:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:19:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157949"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:46:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:46:48","slug":"sethlans-etrusky-boh-kovacstva-ohna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/sethlans-etrusky-boh-kovacstva-ohna\/","title":{"rendered":"Sethlans &#8211; Etrusk\u00fd boh kov\u00e1\u010dstva a oh\u0148a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157949\" class=\"elementor elementor-157949 elementor-2612 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sethlans - Etrusk\u00fd boh oh\u0148a, kov\u00e1\u010dskeho umenia a remesiel<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sethlans je v etruskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve boh kov\u00e1\u010dskeho umenia, oh\u0148a a remesiel. Funk\u010dne zodpoved\u00e1 gr\u00e9ckemu Hefaistovi a r\u00edmskemu Vulk\u00e1novi, hoci m\u00e1 vlastn\u00e9 osobitosti. Tento text popisuje jeho religionistick\u00e9 postavenie v etruskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn bohov ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3ne<\/span> a jeho v\u00fdznam pre etrusk\u00fa remeseln\u00fa kult\u00faru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kov\u00e1\u010d trad\u00edcie etruskej.\">Kov\u00e1\u010d<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/etruske-nabozenstvo-haruspex-disciplina\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytol\u00f3gia trad\u00edcie etruskej.\">Etruskovia<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kov\u00e1\u010dske a oh\u0148ov\u00e9 bo\u017estvo.\">Kov\u00e1\u010dske a oh\u0148ov\u00e9 bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-sethlans-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-sethlans-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-sethlans-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_sethlans-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159821\" alt=\"Sethlans \u2013 bohovia z etruskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_sethlans-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_sethlans-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_sethlans-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_sethlans.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie v etruskom pante\u00f3ne<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sethlans patr\u00ed medzi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch bohov etrusk\u00e9ho pante\u00f3nu. Je patr\u00f3nom kov\u00e1\u010dov, tvorcov bronzu, hrn\u010diarov a remeseln\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed pracuj\u00fa s oh\u0148om. V etruskom umen\u00ed bronzu, ktor\u00e9 v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> patrilo k najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom, je jeho patron\u00e1t obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p><p>Larissa Bonfante v diele <em>Etruscan Bronzes<\/em> rozpracovala spojenie medzi Sethlansom a etrusk\u00fdm umen\u00edm bronzu. Aj Jean-Ren\u00e9 Jannot a Nancy Thomson de Grummond sa mu venuj\u00fa vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o etruskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve.<\/p><p>Sethlans, kov\u00e1\u010dsky a oh\u0148ov\u00fd boh, patr\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu, ktor\u00e9ho religionistick\u00e9 \u010daro spo\u010d\u00edva v jeho prostrednom postaven\u00ed medzi gr\u00e9cko-stredomorsk\u00fdm a italsko-r\u00edmskym svetom. To, \u017ee sa t\u00e1to etrusk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia pova\u017euje za samostatn\u00fa, je v\u00fdsledkom pr\u00e1ce Massima Pallottina, Jacquesa Heurgona, Sybille Haynesovej, Maura Cristofaniho a Giovanniho Colonnu.<\/p><p>Sethlans ako jednozna\u010dne zodpovedn\u00fd patr\u00f3n remesiel spojen\u00fdch s oh\u0148om ukazuje, \u017ee etrusk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a viere ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gia<\/span> poznala jasne \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn bohov ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3n<\/span> s pevn\u00fdmi hierarchiami a funk\u010dn\u00fdmi oblas\u0165ami. Star\u0161ia predstava o \u201emysteri\u00f3znej\u201c alebo \u201ecudzej\u201c viere v bohov je nespr\u00e1vna; ide o samostatn\u00fa formu stredomorsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.<\/p><p>Na Sethlansovi je dobre vidie\u0165 sprostredkovate\u013esk\u00fa \u00falohu Etruskov: jeho podoba sp\u00e1ja gr\u00e9cke podnety s vlastn\u00fdm profilom a p\u00f4sob\u00ed \u010falej v r\u00edmskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve. V dejin\u00e1ch italsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva st\u00e1li Etruskovia medzi gr\u00e9ckym vplyvom a vznikaj\u00facim r\u00edmskym n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvom, \u010do je z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/p><p>Sethlans bol v minulosti takmer v\u00fdlu\u010dne vykladan\u00fd ako etrusk\u00fd Hefaistos. Religionistick\u00fd a etnologick\u00fd v\u00fdskum posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed naopak ocenil etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo ako uzavret\u00fd, religionisticky svojbytn\u00fd syst\u00e9m a nahradil star\u0161iu tendenciu ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ho ako \u201eodvoden\u00e9\u201c od gr\u00e9ckeho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva diferencovanej\u0161\u00edm poh\u013eadom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meno Sethlans je dosved\u010den\u00e9 na etrusk\u00fdch zrkadl\u00e1ch a n\u00e1pisoch. Bezpe\u010dn\u00fd etymologick\u00fd v\u00fdklad sa doteraz nepodarilo rekon\u0161truova\u0165. Helmut Rix vo svojej <em>Editio Minor<\/em> zaznamen\u00e1va jednotliv\u00e9 doklady.<\/p><p>Sethlans sa objavuje aj s pr\u00edvlastkami, ktor\u00e9 upres\u0148uj\u00fa jeho remeseln\u00e9 funkcie. V\u00fdskum diskutuje o mo\u017enom spojen\u00ed so severoafrick\u00fdm bohom po\u010dasia Sethom, no t\u00e1to s\u00favislos\u0165 je neist\u00e1. Pravdepodobnej\u0161ia je samostatn\u00e1 etrusk\u00e1 etymol\u00f3gia.<\/p><p>Meno Sethlans je epigraficky dobre potvrden\u00e9, av\u0161ak etrusk\u00fd jazyk sa pova\u017euje za jazykovo izolovan\u00fd, alebo za \u010dlena predpokladanej \u201etyrs\u00e9nskej\u201c jazykovej rodiny, do ktorej by mohli patri\u0165 aj lemnisk\u00fd a r\u00e9tsky jazyk. Od 19. storo\u010dia sa v\u00fdskum sna\u017e\u00ed texty rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165, doteraz v\u0161ak bez kone\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku.<\/p><p>Doklady mena Sethlans na zrkadl\u00e1ch a n\u00e1pisoch s\u00fa zaznamenan\u00e9 v Helmutovej Rixovej Editio Minor, z\u00e1kladnej epigrafickej zbierke etrusk\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho korpusu. Doplnkovo s\u00fa dnes k dispoz\u00edcii Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae a online datab\u00e1za ETP (Etruscan Texts Project).<\/p><p>Diskusia o etymol\u00f3gii mena Sethlans s\u00favis\u00ed so \u0161ir\u0161ou ot\u00e1zkou p\u00f4vodu Etruskov. Herodotos uv\u00e1dzal ako p\u00f4vod L\u00fddiu, Dion\u00fdzios z Halikarnassu presadzoval italsk\u00fd p\u00f4vod. Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je to d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee s t\u00fdm s\u00favisia mo\u017en\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy k malo\u00e1zijsk\u00fdm kultom.<\/p><p>Spojenie jazykov\u00e9ho a epigrafick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu dnes formuje aj pr\u00e1cu na teonym\u00e1ch, ako je Sethlans. Digit\u00e1lna ed\u00edcia etrusk\u00fdch textov v ETP (Etruscan Texts Project) v\u00fdrazne u\u013eah\u010duje komparat\u00edvne \u0161t\u00fadie; Marie-Laurence Haackov\u00e1 a Vincent Jolivet k tomu predlo\u017eili priekopn\u00edcke v\u00fdskumy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sethlans je v etruskom umen\u00ed zobrazovan\u00fd ako bradat\u00fd mu\u017e s n\u00e1strojmi &#8211; kladivom, klie\u0161\u0165ami, d\u00fdchac\u00edm mechom. Niekedy je zobrazen\u00fd ako chrom\u00fd, \u010do je priamo prevzat\u00e9 z gr\u00e9ckej trad\u00edcie Hefaista (Hefaistos bol Zeusom zvrhnut\u00fd z Olympu a odtedy krivkal).<\/p><p>Na etrusk\u00fdch zrkadl\u00e1ch (4.\/3. storo\u010die pred Kr.) sa Sethlans objavuje v mytologick\u00fdch sc\u00e9nach, \u010dasto s n\u00e1pisom. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 sc\u00e9na ho zobrazuje pri zrode Menrvy z hlavy Tinie, kde je p\u00f4rodn\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkom &#8211; priama paralela k gr\u00e9ckemu Hefaistovi, ktor\u00fd rob\u00ed to ist\u00e9 pri zrode At\u00e9ny.<\/p><p>Sethlans sa objavuje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na zrkadl\u00e1ch, a preto patr\u00ed k tomu n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-fenomenologicky bohat\u00e9mu obrazov\u00e9mu fondu Etruskov, ktor\u00fd na\u0161e poznanie sprostredk\u00fava prostredn\u00edctvom zrkadiel, v\u00e1z, hrobovej ma\u013eby a bronzov. Larissa Bonfante t\u00fato obrazov\u00fa re\u010d vo svojich \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch zhodnotila ako samostatn\u00fa trad\u00edciu, nie iba odvoden\u00fa.<\/p><p>Hoci sa Sethlans stret\u00e1va preva\u017ene na zrkadl\u00e1ch, etrusk\u00e1 hrobov\u00e1 ma\u013eba z Tarquinie, Cerveteri a Vulci zost\u00e1va prvotriednym prame\u0148om pre etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a eschatol\u00f3giu. Jej zobrazenia banketov, tanca a hudby, ako aj mytologick\u00e9 epiz\u00f3dy, ukazuj\u00fa posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot ako pokra\u010dovanie pozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p><p>Sethlans sa na zrkadl\u00e1ch objavuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v sc\u00e9nick\u00fdch s\u00favislostiach, napr\u00edklad pri zrode Menrvy, a zapad\u00e1 tak do etruskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1uka o obsahu obrazov a ich v\u00fdzname.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografie<\/span>, ktor\u00e1 d\u00e1va prednos\u0165 viacpostavov\u00fdm sc\u00e9nam, narat\u00edvnym s\u00favislostiam a symbolick\u00fdm skratk\u00e1m. T\u00e1to obrazov\u00e1 re\u010d je predmetom v\u00fdskumu etruskej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej ikonografie.<\/p><p>Zrkadl\u00e1 so Sethlansom \u010dasto sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa viacero mytologick\u00fdch odkazov na malej ploche, \u010do je typick\u00e9 pre etrusk\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 umenie: jedin\u00fd predmet m\u00f4\u017ee naraz nosi\u0165 mno\u017estvo n\u00e1znakov. T\u00e1to narat\u00edvna hustota si vy\u017eaduje od v\u00fdskumu d\u00f4kladn\u00fa kontextov\u00fa anal\u00fdzu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etrusk\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania o Sethlansovi vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z gr\u00e9ckych predl\u00f4h, so samostatn\u00fdmi etrusk\u00fdmi akcentami. Zrod Menrvy, vz\u0165ah medzi Afroditou a Hefaistom a kovanie bo\u017esk\u00fdch zbran\u00ed s\u00fa v etruskom v\u00fdtvarnom umen\u00ed zdokumentovan\u00e9.<\/p><p>\u0160pecificky etrusk\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania s\u00fa zdokumentovan\u00e9 menej dobre. Na niektor\u00fdch zrkadl\u00e1ch sa Sethlans objavuje v sc\u00e9nach, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa gr\u00e9cku predlohu &#8211; ide o vlastn\u00e9 adapt\u00e1cie alebo p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 v\u00fdtvory etruskej trad\u00edcie.<\/p><p>Ani k Sethlansovi neexistuj\u00fa prepracovan\u00e9 m\u00fdty, preto\u017ee etrusk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch v danej kult\u00fare.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gia<\/span> nie je odovzdan\u00e1 v rozvinut\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vac\u00edch textoch ako gr\u00e9cka alebo r\u00edmska. Mus\u00ed sa rekon\u0161truova\u0165 z obrazov\u00fdch prame\u0148ov, n\u00e1pisov a gr\u00e9cko-r\u00edmskeho sekund\u00e1rneho podania, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje mimoriadnu metodick\u00fa obozretnos\u0165.<\/p><p>Sethlans je \u00fazko naviazan\u00fd na gr\u00e9ckeho Hefaista a ilustruje mnohovrstevn\u00fd vz\u0165ah oboch mytol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Etruskovia prevzali mnoh\u00e9 gr\u00e9cke m\u00fdty o Achileovi, Odysseovi \u010di Oidipovi a z\u00e1rove\u0148 im dodali vlastn\u00e9 akcenty. T\u00e1to adapt\u00e1cia je predmetom intenz\u00edvneho v\u00fdskumu.<\/p><p>Sethlans p\u00f4sob\u00ed na etrusk\u00fdch zrkadl\u00e1ch v kruhu ostatn\u00fdch bohov, napr\u00edklad ako p\u00f4rodn\u00fd pomocn\u00edk pri zrode Menrvy. V tom sa ukazuje rada bohov (consensus deorum) ako typick\u00fd prvok etruskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a viere danej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gie<\/span>: Tinia nekon\u00e1 s\u00e1m, ale sa rad\u00ed s ostatn\u00fdmi. Tento koncept je z h\u013eadiska religionistickej fenomenol\u00f3gie \u0161pecifikom.<\/p><p>Aj pri Sethlansovi plat\u00ed: mytologick\u00e1 trad\u00edcia Etruskov nie je odovzdan\u00e1 v uzavret\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vaniach, ale rekon\u0161truuje sa z obrazov\u00fdch sc\u00e9n, n\u00e1pisov a sekund\u00e1rnych prame\u0148ov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 met\u00f3da sp\u00e1ja etrusk\u00fd n\u00e1pis, gr\u00e9cky obrazov\u00fd predobraz a kontextov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje d\u00f4kladn\u00fa interpret\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sethlans a etrusk\u00e1 remeseln\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etrusk\u00e1 remeseln\u00e1 kult\u00fara bola v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> vysoko cenen\u00e1. Etrusk\u00fd bronzov\u00fd tovar, keramika a zlatn\u00edcke a strieborn\u00edcke v\u00fdrobky sa obchodovali po celom Taliansku a v Stredomor\u00ed. T\u00e1to vysoko rozvinut\u00e1 remeseln\u00e1 trad\u00edcia na\u0161la svoj n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdraz v Sethlansovi.<\/p><p>Remeseln\u00edci sa dovol\u00e1vali Sethlansa ako svojho ochrann\u00e9ho patr\u00f3na, prin\u00e1\u0161ali mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obete<\/span> a stavali sochy Sethlansa vo svojich diel\u0148ach. Spojenie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva a hospod\u00e1rstva je tu jasne vidite\u013en\u00e9.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00fd ve\u0161teck\u00fd syst\u00e9m, Disciplina Etrusca, sp\u00e1jal ve\u0161tenie z vn\u00fatornost\u00ed (haruspicina), v\u00fdklad blesku (fulguratio) a ve\u0161tenie z letu vt\u00e1kov (auspicia). Etruskovia ho odovzdali Rimanom, kde zostal \u017eivou praxou a\u017e do 4. storo\u010dia po Kr.; podrobne ho pop\u00edsali Cicero a Seneca.<\/p><p>Odovzd\u00e1vanie Disciplina Etrusca prebiehalo v \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch k\u0148azsk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, oprelo sa o Libri Rituales, Libri Haruspicini a Libri Fulgurales. Tieto texty sa nezachovali, ale mo\u017eno ich \u010diasto\u010dne rekon\u0161truova\u0165 z cit\u00e1ci\u00ed u Cicerona, Festa a Macrobia.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> bol v\u00fdrazne mestsky orientovan\u00fd. Veje, odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dzal umelec Vulca a ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 s bronzov\u00fdm umen\u00edm pod patron\u00e1tom Sethlansa, mali svoje vlastn\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 kulty, rovnako ako Tarquinia, Caere, Vulci, Clusium, Volsinii, Cortona, Perugia, Arezzo, Volterra, Populonia a Roselle.<\/p><p>Disciplina Etrusca je koherentn\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd a ve\u0161teck\u00fd syst\u00e9m a patr\u00ed k vysoko rozvinut\u00fdm ve\u0161tebn\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m antick\u00e9ho svet. Rimania ju systematicky prevzali a praktizovali a\u017e do neskorej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span>, \u010do predstavuje historicky pozoruhodn\u00fa kontinuitu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a ritu\u00e1ly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sethlans bol uctievan\u00fd vo vlastn\u00fdch chr\u00e1moch a kultov\u00fdch miestach. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v mest\u00e1ch s v\u00fdraznou kovospracuj\u00facou trad\u00edciou, ako boli Populonia, Vetulonia a Volsinii, mal jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakonov uctievania venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo posv\u00e4tnej bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 postavenie. Populonia bola najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm kovospracuj\u00facim mestom etrusk\u00e9ho priestoru, so spracovan\u00edm \u017eeleza dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho z Elby.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ly zah\u0155\u0148ali <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obete<\/span> (najm\u00e4 v\u00edno, chlieb a mal\u00e9 bronzov\u00e9 fig\u00farky), modlitby a ritu\u00e1ly vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 priamo v diel\u0148ach. Pred otvoren\u00edm novej kov\u00e1\u010dskej dielne bol vz\u00fdvan\u00fd Sethlans.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e1 chr\u00e1mov\u00e1 architekt\u00fara, na ktorej sa spolu s bronzov\u00fdmi lej\u00e1rmi a remeseln\u00edkmi podie\u013eali aj t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed p\u00f4sobili pod Sethlansovou patron\u00e1tnou ochranou, sa riadila svojbytn\u00fdm tusk\u00e1nskym \u0161t\u00fdlom s vlastn\u00fdm poriadkom st\u013apov, ktor\u00fd opisuje Vitruvius vo svojom diele De Architectura. P\u00f4dorysy zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa cellu a \u0161irok\u00fa \u010deln\u00fa halu, \u010d\u00edm sa v\u00fdrazne odli\u0161uj\u00fa od gr\u00e9ckych vzorov.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> boli \u010dasto monument\u00e1lne. Jupiterov <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> na Kapitole v R\u00edme vznikol v\u010faka etrusk\u00fdm architektom a umelcom, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm Vulcovi z Vej\u00ed, ktor\u00e9ho tvorba steles\u0148uje remeslo spojen\u00e9 s oh\u0148om pod Sethlansovou patron\u00e1tnou ochranou. T\u00e1to stavba je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za d\u00f4kaz etruskej religiozity v ranom R\u00edme.<\/p><p>Dvan\u00e1s\u0165 miest etruskej ligy sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne stret\u00e1valo pri Fanum Voltumnae ne\u010faleko Volsini\u00ed na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Voltumna, spolkov\u00fd boh etrusk\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zu miest, mal nadraden\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> st\u00e1li \u010dasto na z\u00e1kladoch z tufu, mali dreven\u00e9 nadstavby a boli zdoben\u00e9 terakotou. Sl\u00e1vna socha Apol\u00f3na z Vej\u00ed, dielo Vulcu, ktor\u00e9ho tvorba patr\u00ed k remeslu spojen\u00e9mu s oh\u0148om pod Sethlansovou patron\u00e1tnou ochranou, je pokladan\u00e1 za hlavn\u00e9 architektonick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 svedectvo tejto trad\u00edcie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sethlans bol v ochrann\u00fdch s\u00favislostiach vz\u00fdvan\u00fd predov\u0161etk\u00fdm remeseln\u00edkmi. Kto pracoval s oh\u0148om, kto pou\u017e\u00edval n\u00e1stroje, kto vykon\u00e1val technologicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu, obracal sa na Sethlansa. T\u00e1to prax je n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofenomenologicky zauj\u00edmav\u00e1: ukazuje, ako boh vs\u00e1dza technick\u00fa a remeseln\u00fa prax do n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracaj\u00faci ne\u0161\u0165astie: o znakoch a predmetoch, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa odh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vplyvy.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaicky<\/span> bol Sethlans vz\u00fdvan\u00fd proti nebezpe\u010denstvu po\u017eiaru. Dom\u00e1ce sv\u00e4tyne v remeseln\u00edcko-priemyseln\u00fdch \u0161tvrtiach obsahovali \u010dasto mal\u00e9 fig\u00farky Sethlansa.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>K etruskej ochrannej praxi patrilo mnoho apotropaick\u00fdch symbolov: falick\u00e9 amulety, gorgonei\u00f3nov\u00e9 obrazy, symboly o\u010d\u00ed, bully a ur\u010dit\u00e9 formuly. Larissa Bonfante ich obrazov\u00fa re\u010d objasnila v diele Etruscan Mirrors (1980 a nasl.).<\/span><\/p><p>Apotropaick\u00e9 symboly ako Oko Tinia, falick\u00e9 amulety a gorgonei\u00f3ny boli v etruskej kult\u00fare ve\u013emi roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9. Zdobili <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span>, hroby, dom\u00e1ce sv\u00e4tyne a osobn\u00e9 predmety; r\u00edmska a stredomorsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 predstavy a zvyky roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u013eudov\u00e1 viera<\/span> t\u00fato prax \u010falej rozv\u00edjala.<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00e1 prax bola v etruskom kontexte \u00fazko spojen\u00e1 s Disciplina Etrusca. Pred d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi podujatiami ako zalo\u017eenie mesta, vojensk\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eenie alebo stavba domu sa vyh\u013ead\u00e1vala divina\u010dn\u00e1 rada.<\/p><p>V etruskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve s\u00fa ochrann\u00e1 trad\u00edcia a Disciplina Etrusca navz\u00e1jom \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00e9. Kto vykon\u00e1val ochrann\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, \u010dasto sa z\u00e1rove\u0148 radil s haruspexom alebo augurom. Toto in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne prepojenie je vedecky charakteristick\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sethlans funk\u010dne zodpoved\u00e1 gr\u00e9ckemu Hefaistovi a r\u00edmskemu Vulcanovi. Z h\u013eadiska porovn\u00e1vania n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev ho mo\u017eno spoji\u0165 s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi kov\u00e1\u010dskymi bohmi: Ptahom (egyptsk\u00fd), Tva\u0161trim (v\u00e9dsky), V\u00e4in\u00e4m\u00f6inenom (f\u00ednsky, v kov\u00e1\u010dskej funkcii), Goibniuom (keltsk\u00fd).<\/p><p>Predstava chrom\u00e9ho kov\u00e1\u010dskeho boha je n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofenomenologicky zauj\u00edmav\u00e1. Mircea Eliade v diele <em>The Forge and the Crucible<\/em> (1956) systematicky presk\u00famal t\u00fato trad\u00edciu a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee chromota \u010dasto odkazuje na ritu\u00e1lne inicia\u010dn\u00e9 mot\u00edvy kov\u00e1\u010dskych zasv\u00e4tencov.<\/p><p>Interpretatio Romana prepisovala etrusk\u00fdch bohov r\u00edmskymi menami: Tinia sa stal Iuppiterom, Uni Iunou, Menrva Minervou. Tak\u00e9to identifik\u00e1cie zostali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou selekt\u00edvne; v\u00fdskum posledn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165desiatich rokov sk\u00fama, \u010do z etruskej svojr\u00e1znosti zostalo zachovan\u00e9.<\/p><p>S anatolsk\u00fdmi, fen\u00edckymi a bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00fdmi trad\u00edciami vykazuje etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo mnoh\u00e9 sty\u010dn\u00e9 body. Pyrgsk\u00e9 tabu\u013eky dokazuj\u00fa fen\u00edckeho sprostredkovanie; t\u00e1to transmediter\u00e1nska prepojenos\u0165 je d\u00f4le\u017eitou oblas\u0165ou v\u00fdskumu posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><p>V porovn\u00e1vacom pr\u00edstupe sa etrusk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> zara\u010fuje do stredomorskej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej rodiny, s v\u00e4zbami na Gr\u00e9cko, Fenic\u00edu, Egypt, Anat\u00f3liu a Latium. T\u00e1to prepojenos\u0165 je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm po\u013eom v\u00fdskumu.<\/p><p>Z porovn\u00e1vacieho h\u013eadiska m\u00e1 etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo dotyky s mnoh\u00fdmi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi stredomorsk\u00fdmi trad\u00edciami. Je v\u0161ak samostatn\u00e9 a nie iba zmie\u0161anou formou. T\u00e1to svojr\u00e1znos\u0165 je poznatkom modernn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu posledn\u00fdch 50 rokov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdskum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdskum Sethlansa profituje z intenz\u00edvneho b\u00e1dania etruskej remeselnej trad\u00edcie. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky poskytli Larissa Bonfante, Friedhelm Prayon a Andrea Camilli.<\/p><p>V\u00fdskum sp\u00e1ja n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama minul\u00e9 kult\u00fary na z\u00e1klade hmotn\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov.\" tabindex=\"0\">archeol\u00f3giu<\/span> dieln\u00ed a dejiny technol\u00f3gie. T\u00e1to interdisciplin\u00e1rna perspekt\u00edva otv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 poznatky.<\/p><p>Dnes stoj\u00ed etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo v centre z\u00e1ujmu medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 centr\u00e1 tvoria univerzity vo Florencii, R\u00edme (Sapienza), Pise, T\u00fcbingene a Princetone; nieko\u013eko medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch kongresov ro\u010dne sa venuje jednotliv\u00fdm aspektom tohto n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.<\/p><p>Digit\u00e1lne met\u00f3dy dnes formuj\u00fa medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 projekty o etruskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve: 3D skenovanie chr\u00e1mov a hrobiek, datab\u00e1zy n\u00e1pisov a obrazov\u00fdch prame\u0148ov, ako aj GIS anal\u00fdzy etruskej s\u00eddelnej \u0161trukt\u00fary. Otv\u00e1raj\u00fa nov\u00e9 poznatky.<\/p><p>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd etrusk\u00fd v\u00fdskum sa sprostredk\u00fava prostredn\u00edctvom v\u00fdstav, napr\u00edklad vo Vatik\u00e1nskom m\u00fazeu, v Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia a v Boston Museum of Fine Arts, a prostredn\u00edctvom mnoh\u00fdch publik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pramene a stav v\u00fdskumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edmi prame\u0148mi pre v\u00fdskum Sethlansa s\u00fa etrusk\u00e9 zrkadl\u00e1 s n\u00e1pisy, archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z remeseln\u00edckych \u0161tvrt\u00ed (Populonia, Vetulonia) a etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy. Diela Helmuta Rixa <em>Editio Minor<\/em> zhroma\u017e\u010fuje epigrafick\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p><p>Hlb\u0161ie zaradenie do <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/etruske-nabozenstvo-haruspex-disciplina\/\">etrusk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch dej\u00edn<\/a> ako celku ukazuje, ako treba Sethlansa ch\u00e1pa\u0165 v sieti vz\u0165ahov s Tiniom, Menrvou a ostatn\u00fdmi Atua. Toto prepojenie je z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska nevyhnutn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Prameniny k etrusk\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu s\u00fa r\u00f4znorod\u00e9: epigrafick\u00e9 doklady ako Editio Minor od Helmuta Rixa, archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy, obrazov\u00e9 pramene a sekund\u00e1rna literat\u00fara. T\u00e1to viaczdrojov\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia vy\u017eaduje interdisciplin\u00e1rny pr\u00edstup a nov\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum systematicky sp\u00e1ja filol\u00f3giu, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama minul\u00e9 kult\u00fary na z\u00e1klade hmotn\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov.\" tabindex=\"0\">archeol\u00f3giu<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez v\u00e4zby na vieru.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiku<\/span> a antropol\u00f3giu.<\/p><p>Kritika prame\u0148ov v oblasti etrusk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva vy\u017eaduje poznanie tak vlastn\u00fdch etrusk\u00fdch prame\u0148ov, ako aj gr\u00e9cko-r\u00edmskej sekund\u00e1rnej trad\u00edcie. Nech je t\u00e1to dvojit\u00e1 perspekt\u00edva n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 akoko\u013evek, zost\u00e1va nevyhnutn\u00e1 pre primeran\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fa rekon\u0161trukciu.<\/p><p>Hlb\u0161ie zaradenie do etrusk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch dej\u00edn vy\u017eaduje poznanie epigrafick\u00fdch, archeologick\u00fdch a liter\u00e1rnych prame\u0148ov, rovnako ako modernej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez v\u00e4zby na vieru.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiky<\/span>. Tak\u00e9to viacvrstvov\u00e9 sk\u00famanie je \u0161tandardom v\u00fdskumu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b0be0db e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b0be0db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27aa6866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27aa6866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sethlans na bronzovej pe\u010deni z Piacenzy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp272c8a3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp272c8a3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b979ccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b979ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch prame\u0148ov pre etrusk\u00fd svet bohov a t\u00fdm aj pre Sethlansa je takzvan\u00e1 bronzov\u00e1 pe\u010de\u0148 z Piacenzy, bronzov\u00fd model ov\u010dej pe\u010dene n\u00e1jden\u00fd v roku 1877 v P\u00e1dskej n\u00ed\u017eine.<\/p><p>Predmet, dnes umiestnen\u00fd v Museo Civico v Piacenze, je rozdelen\u00fd na polia, ktor\u00fdch okraje s\u00fa opatren\u00e9 vyryt\u00fdmi menami bohov. Sl\u00fa\u017eil zrejme ako u\u010debn\u00e1 alebo pomocn\u00e1 pom\u00f4cka pre <em>haruspices<\/em>, etrusk\u00fdch ve\u0161tcov z pe\u010dene, ktor\u00ed sa sna\u017eili z povahy obetnej pe\u010dene vy\u010d\u00edta\u0165 v\u00f4\u013eu bohov.<\/p><p>Na bronzovej pe\u010deni sa objavuje meno, ktor\u00e9 viacer\u00ed b\u00e1datelia stoto\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa s <em>Cilens<\/em> alebo ho v diskusii sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa so Sethlansom; presn\u00e9 priradenie a \u010d\u00edtanie jednotliv\u00fdch pol\u00ed je v\u0161ak dodnes predmetom v\u00fdskumu.<\/p><p>Ist\u00e9 je, \u017ee predmet zobrazuje priestorov\u00e9 usporiadanie neba: ur\u010dit\u00ed bohovia s\u00fa priraden\u00ed k ur\u010dit\u00fdm oblastiam neba a poz\u00edcia n\u00e1lezu na obetnej pe\u010deni sa vztahovala na toto usporiadanie. Sethlans ako boh oh\u0148a a kov\u00e1\u010dstva by mal v takomto syst\u00e9me pevn\u00e9 miesto.<\/p><p>Bronzov\u00e1 pe\u010de\u0148 ukazuje pr\u00edkladne, s ak\u00fdmi prame\u0148mi mus\u00ed etruskol\u00f3gia pracova\u0165. Neexistuje s\u00favisl\u00e1 etrusk\u00e1 mytologick\u00e1 literat\u00fara; poznanie sa opiera o n\u00e1pisy, obrazov\u00e9 diela a tak\u00e9to ritu\u00e1lne predmety.<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 tvrdenie o postaven\u00ed Sethlansa v pante\u00f3ne bohov je preto rekon\u0161trukciou z rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch, \u010dasto \u0165a\u017eko interpretovate\u013en\u00fdch dokladov. Bronzov\u00e1 pe\u010de\u0148 z Piacenzy je pritom jedn\u00fdm z m\u00e1la dokladov, ktor\u00fd v\u00f4bec umo\u017e\u0148uje rozpozna\u0165 systematick\u00e9 usporiadanie bohov, aj ke\u010f jej detailn\u00fd v\u00fdklad zost\u00e1va sporn\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2eb9f0e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2eb9f0e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c00c45e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c00c45e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sethlans a Velchans: etrusk\u00fd boh kov\u00e1\u010dstva a jeho identifik\u00e1cia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c8a96c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c8a96c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29d8a867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp29d8a867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zrovn\u00e1vanie Sethlansa s gr\u00e9ckym Hefaistom a r\u00edmskym Vulk\u00e1nom je vo v\u00fdskume roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9, vyvol\u00e1va v\u0161ak metodologick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/p><p>Antick\u00e9 prame\u0148e, ktor\u00e9 spom\u00ednaj\u00fa etrusk\u00fdch bohov, s\u00fa preva\u017ene r\u00edmske a maj\u00fa tendenciu preklada\u0165 cudzie bo\u017estva do zn\u00e1meho r\u00edmskeho r\u00e1mca. Tak\u00e1to <em>interpretatio<\/em> m\u00f4\u017ee odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00fa historick\u00fa pr\u00edbuznos\u0165, ale m\u00f4\u017ee aj zakr\u00fdva\u0165 rozdiely.<\/p><p>V prospech Sethlansa ako boha oh\u0148a a kov\u00e1\u010dstva sved\u010dia najm\u00e4 obrazov\u00e9 doklady. Na etrusk\u00fdch bronzov\u00fdch zrkadl\u00e1ch, bohatom obrazovom prameni zo 4. a 3. storo\u010dia pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom, sa objavuj\u00fa v\u00fdjavy s menami bohov v etruskom n\u00e1pise.<\/p><p>Na niektor\u00fdch z t\u00fdchto zrkadiel je zobrazen\u00e1 postava s menom Sethlans, niekedy v s\u00favislosti s naroden\u00edm <em>Menrvy<\/em> z hlavy <em>Tinia<\/em>, v\u00fdjavom, ktor\u00fd prevzal gr\u00e9cky vzor zrodenia At\u00e9ny, kde Hefaistos otv\u00e1ra lebku.<\/p><p>Okrem toho stoj\u00ed ot\u00e1zka vz\u0165ahu k <em>Velchansovi<\/em> alebo <em>Velchovi<\/em>, \u010fal\u0161iemu menu, ktor\u00e9 v\u00fdskum sp\u00e1ja s oblas\u0165ou oh\u0148a alebo kov\u00e1\u010dstva. \u010ci ide o dve men\u00e1 jedn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>, o region\u00e1lne varianty alebo o r\u00f4zne postavy, nie je definit\u00edvne objasnen\u00e9.<\/p><p>Tento n\u00e1lez je typick\u00fd pre etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo: men\u00e1 bohov s\u00fa dolo\u017een\u00e9, ich presn\u00e9 vymedzenie a funkcia sa v\u0161ak \u010dasto daj\u00fa ur\u010di\u0165 len hypoteticky. Kto zobrazuje Sethlansa, by mal identifik\u00e1ciu s Hefaistom a Vulk\u00e1nom ozna\u010di\u0165 za pravdepodobn\u00fa, nie v\u0161ak za ist\u00fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Bronzes<\/em><\/li><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em> (2006)<\/li><li>Jean-Rene Jannot: <em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>The Forge and the Crucible<\/em> (1956)<\/li><li>Massimo Pallottino: <em>Die Etrusker<\/em> (1942)<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Helmut Rix: <em>Etruscan Texts: Editio Minor<\/em> (1991)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sethlans e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sethlans\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sethlans-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sethlans-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V etruskom <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, po\u010diatkoch a poriadku svet\u0430.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdte<\/span><\/em> sa Sethlans zjavuje ako p\u00e1n oh\u0148a a kov\u00e1\u010dstva, bl\u00edzko pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd gr\u00e9ckemu Hefaistovi a r\u00edmskemu Vulk\u00e1novi, a na rytin\u00e1ch zrkadiel je zobrazovan\u00fd s kladivom a klie\u0161\u0165ami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Sethlans Etruskovia kov\u00e1\u010d ohe\u0148 Populonia Vetulonia Hefaistos Vulk\u00e1n.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-sethlans\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa trad\u00edciu prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v trad\u00edcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/etruske-nabozenstvo-haruspex-disciplina\/\">Etruskov<\/a> a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kult\u00far po celom svete. 41 vrstiev, r\u00fddze zlato, platina, striebro, vyroben\u00e9 v Nemecku. 30-d\u0148ov\u00e1 lehota na vr\u00e1tenie tovaru.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" 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.jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nie je to zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka. \u017diadny pr\u00eds\u013eub lie\u010denia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-sethlans-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-sethlans-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nie je zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka<\/strong> a nenahr\u00e1dza lek\u00e1rske ani psychoterapeutick\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie. Religionistick\u00fd obsah predstavuje kult\u00farno-historick\u00e9 zaradenie, nie odpor\u00fa\u010danie duchovnej praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2818,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Sethlans Etruskovia","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Sethlans - Etrusk\u00fd boh kov\u00e1\u010dstva, m\u00fdtus","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Sethlans je etrusk\u00fd boh kov\u00e1\u010dstva a oh\u0148a, protiklad gr\u00e9ckeho Hefaista. 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