{"id":157927,"date":"2026-09-04T22:19:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:19:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157927"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:46:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:46:05","slug":"kachina-duchovni-pomocnici-hopiov-pueblo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/kachina-duchovni-pomocnici-hopiov-pueblo\/","title":{"rendered":"Kachina \u2013 duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci Hopiov a n\u00e1rodov Pueblo"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157927\" class=\"elementor elementor-157927 elementor-2590 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kachina, duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci, duchovia predkov a prin\u00e1\u0161atelia da\u017e\u010fa v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve Pueblo<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kachina (v jazyku Hopi <em>katsina<\/em>, v jazyku Zuni <em>koko<\/em>, v \u010fal\u0161\u00edch jazykoch Pueblo pod vlastn\u00fdmi menami) ozna\u010duje triedu duchovn\u00fdch pomocn\u00edkov n\u00e1rodov Pueblo v juhoz\u00e1padnej Severnej Amerike. Trad\u00edcia kachina zah\u0155\u0148a pribli\u017ene 400 rozli\u010dn\u00fdch jednotliv\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa svoje vlastn\u00e9 \u00falohy, ikonografiu a ritu\u00e1lne funkcie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00fd pomocn\u00edk trad\u00edcie Native American.\">Duchovn\u00fd pomocn\u00edk<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157902\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytol\u00f3gia trad\u00edcie Native American.\">Native American<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trieda duchovn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed.\">Trieda duchovn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-kachina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-kachina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-kachina-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_kachina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159844\" alt=\"Ka\u010dina \u2013 duchovia z trad\u00edcie p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov Ameriky, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_kachina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_kachina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_kachina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_kachina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-kachina elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-kachina\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-kachina\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-kachina\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-kachina elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-kachina\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kachina s\u00fa v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve Pueblo k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi <strong>duchmi predkov<\/strong> a <strong>prin\u00e1\u0161ate\u013emi da\u017e\u010fa<\/strong> a vystupuj\u00fa ako duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci \u017eij\u00facich.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-kachina elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-kachina\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-kachina\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-kachina\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-kachina elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-kachina\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva Pueblo sa Kachina pova\u017euje za centr\u00e1lnu <strong>hopijsk\u00fa duchovn\u00fa bytos\u0165<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 steles\u0148uje spojenie medzi \u013eu\u010fmi, predkami a kozmick\u00fdmi silami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve Pueblo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ka\u010diny s\u00fa \u00fastrednou triedou pueblsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva. Osobitne ich uctievaj\u00fa Hopiovia (Arizona) a Zuniovia (Nov\u00e9 Mexiko) v r\u00e1mci vysoko rozvinutej ritu\u00e1lnej trad\u00edcie; ostatn\u00e9 pueblsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody (Acoma, Laguna, tewsk\u00e9 puebl\u00e1) maj\u00fa svoje vlastn\u00e9, \u010diasto\u010dne odli\u0161n\u00e9 triedy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00fdch<\/span> bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska patria ka\u010diny do \u0161ir\u0161ej triedy <em>duchov-pomocn\u00edkov<\/em>, bytost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa medzi najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi stvorite\u013esk\u00fdmi princ\u00edpmi (pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157926\">Spider Grandmother<\/a>) a \u013eu\u010fmi. \u0160truktur\u00e1lne porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fa japonsk\u00e9 <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V japonskom \u0161intoizme uctievan\u00e9 duchovn\u00e9 bytosti a bo\u017esk\u00e9 sily.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em>, tibetsko-budhistick\u00e9 <em>yidam<\/em>, katol\u00edcki sv\u00e4t\u00ed a afro-braz\u00edlski Orixovia.<\/p><p>Ka\u010diny nie s\u00fa bo\u017estvami v pr\u00edsne monoteistickom zmysle, ale sk\u00f4r numin\u00f3znymi sprostredkuj\u00facimi bytos\u0165ami, ktor\u00e9 sa v ritu\u00e1lnej praxi st\u00e1vaj\u00fa skuto\u010dne pr\u00edtomn\u00fdmi po\u010das maskov\u00fdch tancov.<\/p><p>Teologick\u00fdm jadrom trad\u00edcie ka\u010d\u00edn je n\u00e1uka o <em>manifest\u00e1cii<\/em>: ke\u010f si hopijsk\u00fd mu\u017e nasad\u00ed masku ka\u010diny a tancuje v ritu\u00e1lnom kontexte, nie je <em>hercom stv\u00e1r\u0148uj\u00facim ka\u010dinu<\/em>, ale <em>samotn\u00e1 ka\u010dina<\/em> sa v \u0148om st\u00e1va pr\u00edtomnou.<\/p><p>T\u00fato <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e9 u\u010denie o Bohu a o viere dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3giu<\/span> pr\u00edtomnosti systematicky op\u00edsali hopijsk\u00fd teol\u00f3g Emory Sekaquaptewa a b\u00e1date\u013eka Barbara Tedlock vo svojich dielach.<\/p><p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm teologick\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm je pr\u00edsne rodov\u00e9 oddelenie v trad\u00edcii ka\u010d\u00edn: mu\u017esk\u00e1 hopijsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, ktor\u00fdm je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho stavu alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1cia<\/span> zah\u0155\u0148a poznanie tajomstiev ka\u010d\u00edn (\u017ee masky nosia mu\u017ei); \u017eensk\u00e1 hopijsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, ktor\u00fdm je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho stavu alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1cia<\/span> zah\u0155\u0148a in\u00e9, rovnako tajn\u00e9 komplexy (najm\u00e4 spojenie so <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157926\">Spider Grandmother<\/a> a so \u017eensk\u00fdmi tajn\u00fdmi spolo\u010denstvami).<\/p><p>Toto rodovo diferencovan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo bolo pre \u0161panielsku misiu obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0165a\u017eko pochopite\u013en\u00e9, preto\u017ee nemalo v katol\u00edckej trad\u00edcii \u017eiadnu porovnate\u013en\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru. \u0160panielski mision\u00e1ri v 17. storo\u010d\u00ed interpretovali pueblsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo \u010diasto\u010dne ako uctievanie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo protire\u010div\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monov<\/span> a nevedomky sa pribl\u00ed\u017eili k ve\u013ek\u00e9mu pueblsk\u00e9mu povstaniu z roku 1680, ktor\u00e9 bolo \u010diasto\u010dne vyvolan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve \u0161panielskym prenasledovan\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva ka\u010d\u00edn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hopijsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz <em>katsina<\/em> znamen\u00e1 doslova <em>re\u0161pektuj\u00facu duchovn\u00fa pr\u00edtomnos\u0165<\/em> alebo <em>sv\u00e4t\u00e9 stretnutie<\/em>. Jazykovohistoricky nie je jednozna\u010dne vysvetlen\u00fd; jedna pravdepodobn\u00e1 etymol\u00f3gia ho sp\u00e1ja so z\u00e1kladom <em>ka-<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriaci k bo\u017esk\u00e9mu a t\u00fdm vy\u0148at\u00fd z be\u017en\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4t\u00fd<\/span>) a <em>tsina<\/em> (miesto, pr\u00edtomnos\u0165).<\/p><p>Popul\u00e1rny anglick\u00fd pravopis <em>Kachina<\/em>, ktor\u00fd sa v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed roz\u0161\u00edril prostredn\u00edctvom b\u00e1bok kachina (mal\u00fdch dreven\u00fdch fig\u00farok predstavuj\u00facich kachina) v americk\u00fdch anglosask\u00fdch zberate\u013esk\u00fdch kruhoch, je zjednodu\u0161enou formou spr\u00e1vneho hopijsk\u00e9ho pravopisu <em>katsina<\/em>.<\/p><p>Hopijsk\u00e1 rada kme\u0148a (Hopi Tribal Council) opakovane od 80. rokov 20. storo\u010dia po\u017eadovala n\u00e1vrat k spr\u00e1vnemu pravopisu; v akademickom diskurze je dnes <em>katsina<\/em> \u0161tandardn\u00fdm pravopisom.<\/p><p>U Zuni sa zodpovedaj\u00faca trieda bytost\u00ed naz\u00fdva <em>koko<\/em> alebo <em>kokko<\/em>; trad\u00edcia zuniovskej maskarady je \u0161truktur\u00e1lne pr\u00edbuzn\u00e1 s hopijskou trad\u00edciou, ale v detailoch samostatn\u00e1. V keresansk\u00fdch Puebl\u00e1ch sa maskar\u00e1dne bytosti naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa <em>shiwanna<\/em>, \u010do doslova znamen\u00e1 <em>bytosti mrakov<\/em> a zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje \u0161pecifick\u00fa funkciu tejto triedy bytost\u00ed ako prin\u00e1\u0161ate\u013eov da\u017e\u010fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Triedy kachina a hlavn\u00e9 postavy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hopisk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia pozn\u00e1 od 250 do 400 r\u00f4znych ka\u010dinov, pod\u013ea sp\u00f4sobu po\u010d\u00edtania. Delia sa do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hlavn\u00fdch tried. <em>Chief Kachina<\/em> s\u00fa najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie hlavn\u00e9 postavy, medzi nimi <em>Eototo<\/em> (n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk ka\u010dinov, druh najvy\u0161\u0161ieho ka\u010dinu), <em>Aholi<\/em> (jeho spolo\u010dn\u00edk), <em>Sotuknang<\/em> (ka\u010dina-stvorite\u013e) a <em>Massaw<\/em> (ka\u010dina zeme a mrtvych, ktor\u00fd priv\u00edtal Hopiov po ich vstupe do \u0160tvrt\u00e9ho sveta).<\/p><p>Druhou triedou s\u00fa <em>Mong Kachina<\/em>, d\u00f4stojn\u00e9, star\u00e9 bytosti-spolo\u010dn\u00edci, ktor\u00e9 po\u010das hlavn\u00fdch obradov vystupuj\u00fa ako usmer\u0148ovatelia a u\u010ditelia. Tre\u0165ou triedou s\u00fa <em>Wuya Kachina<\/em>, ka\u010dinovia patriaci ku konkr\u00e9tnemu klanu, ktor\u00fdch ct\u00ed v\u017edy len ur\u010dit\u00fd hopisk\u00fd klan.<\/p><p>\u0160tvrtou triedou s\u00fa <em>Whipper Kachina<\/em>, trestaj\u00face <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00e9<\/span> bytosti (Hu, Wuwuyom, Tungwup), ktor\u00e9 napom\u00ednaj\u00fa nepozorn\u00e9 alebo ne\u00factiv\u00e9 hopisk\u00e9 deti bi\u010dmi z yucca.<\/p><p>Piatou triedou s\u00fa <em>Clown Kachina<\/em>, komick\u00e9, satirick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00e9<\/span> bytosti (predov\u0161etk\u00fdm <em>Koshare<\/em> a <em>Koyemshi<\/em>), ktor\u00e9 vystupuj\u00fa v prest\u00e1vkach hlavn\u00fdch obradov a satirick\u00fdmi v\u00fdstupmi koriguj\u00fa soci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie spolo\u010denstva. Tieto klauny maj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa pedagogicko-soci\u00e1lnu funkciu a etnologick\u00e1 literat\u00fara sa im venuje s ve\u013ekou intenzitou.<\/p><p>D\u00f4le\u017eitou triedou ka\u010dinov, ktor\u00e1 nezapad\u00e1 do hlavn\u00e9ho delenia, s\u00fa ka\u010dinovia <em>Mudhead<\/em> (Koyemshi). S\u00fa to klaunsk\u00e9 bytosti s charakteristick\u00fdmi gu\u013eovit\u00fdmi hlinen\u00fdmi maskami a n\u00e1padne asymetrick\u00fdm odevom. Mudheads v hopiskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a o viere n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gii<\/span> zastupuj\u00fa kosmologick\u00fd Prv\u00fd svet hopisk\u00e9ho stvorenia a nes\u00fa kosmologick\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 za pre\u017eitie svet\u0430.<\/p><p>S\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasne komick\u00ed a v\u00e1\u017eni, paradox, ktor\u00fd tvor\u00ed ich teologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Frank Cushing vo svojich pr\u00e1cach o Zuni podrobne pop\u00edsal trad\u00edciu Mudhead a zd\u00f4raznil ich paradoxn\u00fa komicko-d\u00f4stojn\u00fa povahu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ka\u010dinovia s\u00fa v ritu\u00e1lnej praxi rozpoznate\u013en\u00ed pod\u013ea svojich charakteristick\u00fdch masiek a odevov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ka\u010dina m\u00e1 vlastn\u00fa, vysoko \u0161pecifick\u00fa masku, vytvoren\u00fa z dreva, ko\u017ee alebo l\u00e1tky, s vpracovan\u00fdmi perami, vlasmi, ozdobami z last\u00far a farebn\u00fdmi ma\u013ebami. Maska sl\u00fa\u017ei na zhmotnenie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovnej<\/span> pr\u00edtomnosti, pr\u00e1ve nie na jej zakrytie: Kto si nasad\u00ed ka\u010dinov\u00fa masku, st\u00e1va sa ka\u010dinom.<\/p><p>K maske patr\u00ed aj \u00fapln\u00fd kost\u00fdm z odevu, ko\u017een\u00fdch doplnkov, \u0161perkov a ritu\u00e1lnych n\u00e1strojov. Hopisk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia kost\u00fdmov je vysoko \u0161tandardizovan\u00e1: ka\u017ed\u00fd ka\u010dina m\u00e1 svoj \u0161pecifick\u00fd odev, ktor\u00fd sa odovzd\u00e1va z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu. Maska a kost\u00fdm nie s\u00fa v hopiskom zmysle odevom, ale hmotn\u00fdm zhmotnen\u00edm identity <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovnej<\/span> bytosti.<\/p><p><em>Tihu<\/em>, ka\u010dinov\u00e9 b\u00e1biky, mal\u00e9 vyrez\u00e1van\u00e9 dreven\u00e9 fig\u00farky, ktor\u00e9 presne zobrazuj\u00fa vzh\u013ead jednotliv\u00fdch ka\u010dinov, sa tradi\u010dne d\u00e1vali hopisk\u00fdm diev\u010dat\u00e1m ako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd a pedagogick\u00fd u\u010debn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Sl\u00fa\u017eili na rozpozn\u00e1vanie a identifik\u00e1ciu jednotliv\u00fdch ka\u010dinov pod\u013ea ich \u0161pecifick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Od 19. storo\u010dia sa b\u00e1biky tihu stali ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm zberate\u013esk\u00fdm artiklom na americkom trhu s umen\u00edm, \u010do viedlo ku komer\u010dnej v\u00fdrobe, ktor\u00e1 sa \u010diasto\u010dne odohr\u00e1va mimo tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho kontextu. Hopisk\u00e1 kme\u0148ov\u00e1 rada (Hopi Tribal Council) od 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia stanovila strikte pravidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 b\u00e1biky tihu sa m\u00f4\u017eu pred\u00e1va\u0165 a ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ako n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-ritu\u00e1lne predmety nepredajn\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 a kozmologick\u00e1 funkcia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ka\u010diny maj\u00fa v hopijskej teol\u00f3gii \u0161pecifick\u00fa kozmologick\u00fa funkciu. \u017dij\u00fa len od febru\u00e1ra do j\u00fala vo \u0160tvrtom svete, teda vo svete, v ktorom Hopiovia v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuj\u00fa. Zvy\u0161ok roka tr\u00e1via vo sv\u00e4t\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 v pohor\u00ed San Francisco Peaks pri meste Flagstaff v Arizone. Tam sa nach\u00e1dza posv\u00e4tn\u00fd vrchol Nuvatukyaovi (Snehom pokryt\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bod).<\/p><p>Vo febru\u00e1ri sa ka\u010diny vracaj\u00fa do hopijsk\u00fdch ded\u00edn, \u010do je <em>Soyalangwuul<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerem\u00f3nia<\/span> k zimn\u00e9mu slnovratu, ktor\u00e1 znamen\u00e1 za\u010diatok ich n\u00e1vratu.<\/p><p>Po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich \u0161iestich mesiacov sa v hopijsk\u00fdch dedin\u00e1ch na mes\u00e1ch (Walpi, Sichomovi, Hano, Shongopovi, Bacavi, Hotevilla, Oraibi, Mishongnovi) konaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne ritu\u00e1lne tance, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd je venovan\u00fd \u0161pecifickej funkcii: privol\u00e1vanie da\u017e\u010fa, zabezpe\u010denie \u00farody, odh\u00e1\u0148anie chor\u00f4b, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, ktor\u00fdm je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho stavu alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1cia<\/span> det\u00ed.<\/p><p>Vrcholom ka\u010dinov\u00e9ho roka je <em>Niman Kachina<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerem\u00f3nia<\/span> odchodu domov v j\u00fali, po\u010das ktorej ka\u010diny op\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa hopijsk\u00e9 dediny a vracaj\u00fa sa do h\u00f4r. T\u00e1to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerem\u00f3nia<\/span> je spojen\u00e1 s bohat\u00fdm obdar\u00favan\u00edm: prich\u00e1dzaj\u00face ka\u010diny rozd\u00e1vaj\u00fa b\u00e1biky tihu, \u010derstv\u00e9 kukuri\u010dn\u00e9 klasy, vodov\u00e9 mel\u00f3ny a drobn\u00e9 dar\u010deky hopijsk\u00fdm de\u0165om a \u017een\u00e1m, k\u00fdm definit\u00edvne neod\u00eddu.<\/p><p>Cerem\u00f3nia Niman je pre osoby mimo Hopiov pr\u00edstupn\u00e1 len vo v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch; hopijsk\u00e1 Rada kme\u0148a od 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia pr\u00edstup v\u00fdrazne obmedzila, aby chr\u00e1nila kult\u00farnu autentickos\u0165.<\/p><p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm podujat\u00edm ka\u010d\u00edn je febru\u00e1rov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerem\u00f3nia<\/span> <em>Powamuya<\/em>, naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 aj <em>Bean Dance<\/em> (Fazu\u013eov\u00fd tanec). Ozna\u010duje polozimn\u00fd sviatok a zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161estn\u00e1s\u0165d\u0148ov\u00fa ritu\u00e1lnu sekvenciu s mno\u017estvom vyst\u00fapen\u00ed ka\u010d\u00edn.<\/p><p>V kiv\u00e1ch (podzemn\u00fdch obradn\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch) hopijsk\u00ed mu\u017ei po\u010das tejto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerem\u00f3nie<\/span> kl\u00ed\u010dia symbolick\u00e9 fazu\u013eov\u00e9 semen\u00e1 v podmienkach napodob\u0148uj\u00facich letn\u00e9 teplo; vyrasten\u00e9 fazu\u013eov\u00e9 rastliny sa potom v posledn\u00fd de\u0148 v procesii vynes\u00fa z k\u00edv a rozdaj\u00fa hopijsk\u00fdm de\u0165om ako predzves\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho leta.<\/p><p>Toto symbolick\u00e9 napodobenie leta systematicky op\u00edsal Jesse Walter Fewkes vo svojich klasick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch o Hopioch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax a apotropajn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ka\u010diny maj\u00fa v trad\u00edcii Hopiov \u0161irok\u00fa ochrann\u00fa funkciu. Chr\u00e1nia dediny pred \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi duchmi, zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku \u00farodu (najm\u00e4 privol\u00e1van\u00edm da\u017e\u010fa) a sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa medzi predkami Hopiov a \u017eij\u00facimi.<\/p><p>Konkr\u00e9tne ochrann\u00e9 praktiky zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa umiest\u0148ovanie b\u00e1bok tihu nad prah dver\u00ed alebo do detsk\u00fdch postie\u013eok, zavesovanie mal\u00fdch dreven\u00fdch repl\u00edk ur\u010dit\u00fdch ka\u010dinov\u00fdch masiek v obytn\u00fdch miestnostiach a ritu\u00e1lne vz\u00fdvanie konkr\u00e9tnych ka\u010d\u00edn pri konkr\u00e9tnych n\u00fadzov\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch (napr\u00edklad Eototo pri suchu, Massaw pri \u00famrt\u00ed v rodine, Hu pri neposlu\u0161nosti det\u00ed).<\/p><p>Osobitne d\u00f4le\u017eitou ochrannou praxou je pubert\u00e1lna <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, ktor\u00fdm je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho statusu alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1cia<\/span> hopijsk\u00fdch det\u00ed. Pribli\u017ene v \u00f4smich rokoch s\u00fa deti prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 do hlb\u0161ieho poznania ka\u010dinovej trad\u00edcie.<\/p><p>Pri tejto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, ktor\u00fdm je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho statusu alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1cii<\/span>, ktor\u00e1 je spojen\u00e1 s ritu\u00e1lnou hierarchiou juka-bi\u010dov, v ktorej ka\u010diny-bi\u010duj\u00faci symbolicky ved\u00fa deti soci\u00e1lnym u\u010den\u00edm, sa deti dozvedaj\u00fa, \u017ee ka\u010dinov\u00fa ma\u0161kar\u00e1du nosia \u013eudsk\u00ed mu\u017ei, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> re\u00e1lna.<\/p><p>Toto paradoxn\u00e9 sprostredkovanie, s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 mu\u017eskos\u0165 a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span>, je jadrov\u00fdm tajomstvom hopijsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva a v etnologickej diskusii je zd\u00f4raz\u0148ovan\u00e9 ako pr\u00edklad vysoko sofistikovanej n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofickej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a o viere dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gie<\/span>.<\/p><p>Osobit\u00fa ochrann\u00fa prax predstavuje <em>pochov\u00e1vanie tihu<\/em>. Ke\u010f bola b\u00e1bka tihu pou\u017eit\u00e1 ako n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-ritu\u00e1lny predmet a u\u017e sa akt\u00edvne nepou\u017e\u00edva, nevyhadzuje sa ani nepred\u00e1va. Namiesto toho sa uklad\u00e1 pri malej, vlastnej pohrebnej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">cerem\u00f3nii<\/span> pod skalou alebo v skalnej pukline.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to prax odr\u00e1\u017ea teologick\u00e9 presved\u010denie, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 b\u00e1bka tihu obsahuje mal\u00fa numin\u00f3znu pr\u00edtomnos\u0165, s ktorou sa treba zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 s \u00factou. Porovnate\u013en\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 praktiky pre ritu\u00e1lne predmety s\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 v mnoh\u00fdch pueblo trad\u00edci\u00e1ch a z\u00e1sadne sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od prof\u00e1nneho zaobch\u00e1dzania s n\u00e1bo\u017eensky nabit\u00fdmi predmetmi v z\u00e1padnej sekul\u00e1rnej kult\u00fare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trad\u00edcia ka\u010dinovej ma\u0161kar\u00e1dy si z\u00edskala ve\u013ek\u00fa pozornos\u0165 v porovn\u00e1vacej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez vyzn\u00e1vania viery.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistike<\/span>. \u0160truktur\u00e1lne porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fa japonsk\u00e9 maskov\u00e9 divadeln\u00e9 trad\u00edcie <em>Noh<\/em> a <em>Kagura<\/em>, africk\u00e9 maskov\u00e9 trad\u00edcie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, ktor\u00fdm je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho statusu alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1cie<\/span> (najm\u00e4 v z\u00e1padnej a strednej Afrike), trad\u00edcia maysk\u00fdch a azt\u00e9ckych masiek a tibetsko-budhistick\u00e1 tane\u010dn\u00e1 trad\u00edcia <em>Cham<\/em>.<\/p><p>Vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch ide o \u0161pecifick\u00fa teologick\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu: maska je manifest\u00e1ciou, nie zakryt\u00edm; nosite\u013e masky je s\u00e1m manifestovanou bytos\u0165ou, nie hercom. T\u00e1to teol\u00f3gia manifest\u00e1cie je n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozoficky komplexn\u00e1 a v porovn\u00e1vacej \u0161t\u00fadii je opisovan\u00e1 ako fenom\u00e9n <em>incarnational <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span><\/em>.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1nskych trad\u00edci\u00ed vykazuje ka\u010dinov\u00e1 trad\u00edcia \u00fazke paralely s trad\u00edciou maskov\u00e9ho tanca severoz\u00e1padn\u00e9ho pobre\u017eia (Kwakwaka&#8217;wakw, Tlingit, Tsimshian) a s pueblo-pr\u00edbuznou trad\u00edciou Yei-bi-chai u Navahov. Pueblo ka\u010diny a nava\u017esk\u00e9 yei nie s\u00fa z religionisticko-etnologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska toto\u017en\u00e9, s\u00fa v\u0161ak \u0161truktur\u00e1lne pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9; Navahovia zrejme prevzali svoju yei trad\u00edciu z pueblo kontaktov 16. a 17. storo\u010dia a \u010falej ju rozvinuli.<\/p><p>\u010eal\u0161iu relevantn\u00fa paralelu ukazuje starogr\u00e9cka trad\u00edcia eleuz\u00ednskych myst\u00e9ri\u00ed, v ktorej boli tie\u017e centr\u00e1lnym teologick\u00fdm prvkom maskov\u00e9 vyst\u00fapenia a stelesnenie bohyne Demeter\/Perzefony zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdmi mystami.<\/p><p>\u0160truktur\u00e1lne konvergencie medzi hopijsk\u00fdmi ka\u010dinov\u00fdmi obradmi a eleuz\u00ednskymi myst\u00e9riami boli v porovn\u00e1vacej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez vyzn\u00e1vania viery.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistike<\/span> opakovane pozorovan\u00e9 u\u017e od \u010dias Waltera Burkerta, av\u0161ak bez nazna\u010dovania historickej s\u00favislosti, ide o konvergentn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj za podobn\u00fdch sociokult\u00farnych podmienok agr\u00e1rno-kalend\u00e1rne zalo\u017eenej religiozity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 recepcia a v\u00fdskum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kachinsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia je dnes jednou z naj\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch a najnepretr\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed americk\u00fdch Indi\u00e1nov. Hopijsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo na hopijsk\u00fdch mes\u00e1ch a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo Zuniov v pueble Zuni sa praktikuj\u00fa vo forme, ktor\u00fa \u0161panielska misia (16. a 17. storo\u010die) a neskor\u0161ia americk\u00e1 koloniz\u00e1cia ovplyvnili len okrajovo.<\/p><p>V akademickom v\u00fdskume kachinsk\u00fa trad\u00edciu systematicky pop\u00edsali Jesse Walter Fewkes, Frank Cushing, Elsie Clews Parsons, Alfonso Ortiz, hopijsk\u00fd teol\u00f3g Emory Sekaquaptewa a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 hopijsk\u00e1 b\u00e1date\u013eka Wendy Rose. Klasick\u00fd zoznam kachina od Harolda Coltona (<em>Hopi Kachina Dolls<\/em>, 1959) zost\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm identifika\u010dn\u00fdm zdrojom, hoci hopijsk\u00e1 strana ho kritizovala ako nie celkom presn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je kachinsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia paradigmatick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom vysoko komplexn\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva s diferencovan\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn bohov n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3nom<\/span>, sofistikovanou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a o viere n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3giou<\/span> a nepretr\u017eitou ritu\u00e1lno-praktickou pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou.<\/p><p>Skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee trad\u00edcia s pribli\u017ene 400 r\u00f4znymi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00fdmi<\/span> bytos\u0165ami sa mohla po st\u00e1ro\u010dia bez p\u00edsomnej kult\u00fary odovzd\u00e1va\u0165 v\u00fdlu\u010dne \u00fastnou trad\u00edciou a ritu\u00e1lno-praktickou pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou, patr\u00ed medzi najp\u00f4sobivej\u0161ie religionisticko-etnologick\u00e9 zistenia. Odkaz iWell Guard na pueblosk\u00fa trad\u00edciu tieto zistenia popisuje z religionisticko-historick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska, bez pr\u00eds\u013eubu \u00fa\u010dinku alebo duchovn\u00fdch odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed.<\/p><p>D\u00f4le\u017eitou nov\u0161ou oblas\u0165ou v\u00fdskumu je ot\u00e1zka autenticity b\u00e1bik tihu. Odkedy sa b\u00e1biky tihu od konca 19. storo\u010dia stali cenn\u00fdm zberate\u013esk\u00fdm artiklom, existuje rast\u00faci priemysel imit\u00e1ci\u00ed tihu vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdch mimo Hopiov, ktor\u00e9 sa pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa v turistick\u00fdch obchodoch v Arizone a Novom Mexiku.<\/p><p>Hopijsk\u00e1 kme\u0148ov\u00e1 rada zriadila v roku 1992 <em>Hopi Cultural Preservation Office<\/em>, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 okrem in\u00e9ho za \u00falohu bojova\u0165 proti nevhodnej reprodukcii b\u00e1bik tihu a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 kult\u00farnu autenticitu hopijsk\u00e9ho umenia. Toto \u00fasilie je zasaden\u00e9 do \u0161ir\u0161ej diskusie o p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch kult\u00farnych pr\u00e1vach a du\u0161evnom vlastn\u00edctve p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch spolo\u010denstiev.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara a zdroje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nasleduj\u00faci v\u00fdber uv\u00e1dza \u00fastredn\u00e9 diela venovan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu Pueblov a v\u00fdskumu kachina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e01066a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2e01066a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d32287a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d32287a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyklus kachina v ro\u010dnom cykle Hopiov<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22046723 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp22046723\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a86932a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2a86932a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U Hopiov a Zuniov na juhoz\u00e1pade Severnej Ameriky s\u00fa bytosti ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako <em>katsina<\/em>, v anglof\u00f3nnej literat\u00fare v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou p\u00edsan\u00e9 ako Kachina, viazan\u00e9 na pevn\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00fd cyklus.<\/p><p>Pod\u013ea tradovanej predstavy sa <em>katsina<\/em> zdr\u017eiavaj\u00fa \u010das\u0165 roka medzi \u013eu\u010fmi a zvy\u0161n\u00fd \u010das tr\u00e1via na vzdialenom mieste, ktor\u00e9 Hopiovia sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s vrchmi San Francisco Peaks. Ich pr\u00edchod a odchod usporad\u00favaj\u00fa obradov\u00fd rok.<\/p><p>Po\u010das obdobia svojej pr\u00edtomnosti vystupuj\u00fa <em>katsina<\/em> pri verejn\u00fdch obradoch, stelesnen\u00ed mu\u017emi z komunity, ktor\u00ed sa objavuj\u00fa v pr\u00edslu\u0161nom odeve a maske.<\/p><p>Tieto vyst\u00fapenia nie s\u00fa ch\u00e1pan\u00e9 len ako predstavenie; pod\u013ea ch\u00e1pania Hopiov je nosite\u013e po\u010das <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">obradu<\/span> osobit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom spojen\u00fd s danou bytos\u0165ou. <em>Katsina<\/em> sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s da\u017e\u010fom, plodnos\u0165ou a blahom komunity, \u010do m\u00e1 na suchej vyso\u010dine juhoz\u00e1padu existen\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p><p>Etnografick\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia je rozsiahla, ale komunita Hopiov na \u0148u h\u013ead\u00ed kriticky. Jesse Walter Fewkes vytvoril okolo roku 1900 mnoh\u00e9 popisy a vyobrazenia a tento komplex zdokumentovali aj neskor\u0161\u00ed b\u00e1datelia.<\/p><p>Kme\u0148ov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da Hopiov sa opakovane postavila proti zverej\u0148ovaniu obrazov a podrobnost\u00ed obradov a ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tohto poznania pova\u017euje za neur\u010den\u00e9 pre verejnos\u0165. Seri\u00f3znemu zobrazeniu tento postoj re\u0161pektuje a obmedzuje sa na v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1my r\u00e1mec bez rozv\u00e1dzania ritu\u00e1lnych podrobnost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e72b70c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2e72b70c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22328f2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22328f2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tihu, fig\u00farky Kachina medzi u\u010debnou pom\u00f4ckou a umeleck\u00fdm trhom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b7d8f52 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2b7d8f52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ed1cf92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ed1cf92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S <em>katsina<\/em> s\u00fa \u00fazko spojen\u00e9 vyrez\u00e1van\u00e9 fig\u00farky, ktor\u00e9 sa u Hopiov ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako <em>tihu<\/em>. Zobrazuj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 <em>katsina<\/em> a tradi\u010dne sa odovzd\u00e1vali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm de\u0165om, najm\u00e4 diev\u010dat\u00e1m.<\/p><p>Ich funkciou bolo obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 s ve\u013ek\u00fdm po\u010dtom r\u00f4znych bytost\u00ed; s\u00fa teda menej hra\u010dkou a viac u\u010debnou pom\u00f4ckou v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej v\u00fdchovy.<\/p><p>V priebehu 20. storo\u010dia sa z t\u00fdchto fig\u00farok vyvinul v\u00fdznamn\u00fd umeleck\u00fd trh. U\u017e zberatelia za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia z\u00edskavali <em>tihu<\/em> a od strednej \u010dasti storo\u010dia vznikalo \u010doraz viac fig\u00farok, vyrez\u00e1van\u00fdch v\u00fdslovne na predaj.<\/p><p>Tieto trhov\u00e9 kusy sa \u010dasto l\u00ed\u0161ia materi\u00e1lom, mierou detailu a p\u00f3zou od star\u0161\u00edch fig\u00farok ur\u010den\u00fdch na pou\u017eitie v komunite. V\u00fdskum zaznamen\u00e1va nap\u00e4tie medzi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm p\u00f4vodom fig\u00farok a ich postaven\u00edm zberate\u013esk\u00e9ho predmetu.<\/p><p>Samotn\u00e1 komunita Hopiov rozli\u0161uje medzi fig\u00farkami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s obradmi, a t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00e9 sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa na predaj. Prv\u00e9 sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za neobchodovate\u013en\u00e9. V minulosti do\u0161lo k spornom pr\u00edpadom okolo aukci\u00ed, na ktor\u00fdch sa pon\u00fakali predmety, ktor\u00e9 Hopiovia pova\u017euj\u00fa za <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriaci bo\u017esk\u00e9mu a t\u00fdm vy\u0148at\u00fd z ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4t\u00fd<\/span> a nepredajn\u00fd, medzi nimi aj in\u00e9 ritu\u00e1lne predmety.<\/p><p>Tieto konflikty sa dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok ochrany kult\u00farneho dedi\u010dstva a zaobch\u00e1dzania s p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm majetkom. Pre zobrazenie <em>katsina<\/em> je tento bod d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, preto\u017ee ukazuje, \u017ee tieto bytosti s\u00fa hmatate\u013en\u00e9 nielen v rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fd \u00fakon prebiehaj\u00faci pod\u013ea pevn\u00fdch pravidiel.\" tabindex=\"0\">obrade<\/span>, ale aj v materi\u00e1lnom dedi\u010dstve, ktor\u00e9ho status je dodnes sporn\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Jesse Walter Fewkes: <em>Hopi Katcinas<\/em> (1903)<\/li><li>Harold Colton: <em>Hopi Kachina Dolls<\/em> (1959)<\/li><li>Elsie Clews Parsons: <em>Pueblo Indian Religion<\/em> (1939)<\/li><li>Frank Cushing: <em>Zuni Folk Tales<\/em> (1901)<\/li><li>Emory Sekaquaptewa: <em>Hopi Voices<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Barbara Tedlock: <em>The Beautiful and the Dangerous<\/em> (1992)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-kachina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-kachina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-kachina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-kachina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kachina pueblsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa osobit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sf\u00e9ry \u017eiv\u00fdch a <em>predkov<\/em>: pova\u017euj\u00fa sa za duchovn\u00e9 podoby zosnul\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa ako mraky, prin\u00e1\u0161atelia da\u017e\u010fa a pomocn\u00edci vracaj\u00fa do ded\u00edn. V obradoch Hopiov a Zuniov sa zjavuj\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom maskovan\u00fdch tane\u010dn\u00edkov, zatia\u013e \u010do vyrez\u00e1van\u00e9 fig\u00farky Tihu obrazne stv\u00e1r\u0148uj\u00fa ich povahu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>S\u00favisiace k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Kachina Katsina Koko Hopi Zuni Pueblo Soyalangwuul Niman Tihu Eototo.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-kachina\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa trad\u00edciu prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov, v trad\u00edcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157902\">Native American<\/a> a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kult\u00far po celom svete. 41 vrstiev, r\u00fddze zlato, platina, striebro, vyroben\u00e9 v Nemecku. 30-d\u0148ov\u00e1 lehota na vr\u00e1tenie.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Viac o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-ccb 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2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nie je to zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka. \u017diadny pr\u00eds\u013eub lie\u010denia.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kachina-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-kachina-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nie je zdravotn\u00edcka pom\u00f4cka<\/strong> a nenahr\u00e1dza lek\u00e1rske ani psychoterapeutick\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie. Religionistick\u00fd obsah predstavuje kult\u00farno-historick\u00e9 zaradenie, nie odpor\u00fa\u010danie duchovnej praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2700,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Kachina Hopi Pueblo","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Kachina \u2013 hopijsk\u00e9 duchovn\u00e9 bytosti a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo Pueblo","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kachina, duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci Hopiov a n\u00e1rodov Pueblo, tvoria vlastn\u00fd pante\u00f3n pribli\u017ene 400 rozli\u010dn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"native-american","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-157927","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kachina \u2013 hopijsk\u00e9 duchovn\u00e9 bytosti a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo Pueblo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kachina, duchovn\u00ed pomocn\u00edci Hopiov a n\u00e1rodov Pueblo, tvoria vlastn\u00fd pante\u00f3n pribli\u017ene 400 rozli\u010dn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed. 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