{"id":157750,"date":"2026-09-04T22:17:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157750"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:41:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:41:25","slug":"proserpina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/proserpina\/","title":{"rendered":"Proserpina"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157750\" class=\"elementor elementor-157750 elementor-1979 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, bohy\u0148a r\u00edmskej trad\u00edcie<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je bohy\u0148a podsvetia a znovuzrodenia v r\u00edmskej trad\u00edcii. Je man\u017eelkou Pluta a vl\u00e1dky\u0148ou r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych, no svoj\u00edm ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1vratom na povrch zost\u00e1va viazan\u00e1 na cykly pr\u00edrody. Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je Proserpina zosobnen\u00edm prechodu medzi \u017eivotom a smr\u0165ou, medzi hornou a dolnou r\u00ed\u0161ou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Boh \/ bohy\u0148a: Personifikovan\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v pante\u00f3ne danej kult\u00fary, s jasn\u00fdmi kompetenciami, sily pr\u00edrody, osud, vojna, plodnos\u0165. Uctievan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom kultov, obet\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.\">Bohy\u0148a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157587\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"R\u00edmske n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo od kr\u00e1\u013eovstva a\u017e po neskor\u00fa antiku, synkretick\u00e9 s gr\u00e9ckymi a etrusk\u00fdmi vrstvami.\">R\u00edm<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157701\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bo\u017estv\u00e1 podsvetia a smrti, vl\u00e1dcovia z\u00e1hrobia, s\u00fadcovia mrtvych, sprievodcovia du\u0161\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo mrtvych<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159956\" alt=\"Proserpina - Bohovia z trad\u00edcie star\u00e9ho R\u00edma, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina steles\u0148uje dualitu panenstva a man\u017eelstva, nevinnosti a kr\u00e1\u013eovskej autority. Je dc\u00e9rou Cerery (obilie), man\u017eelkou Pluta a vl\u00e1dky\u0148ou mrtvych.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o jej \u00fanose Plutom vysvet\u013euje sez\u00f3nne zmeny rastlinstva a \u0161trukt\u00faru roka. Jej hlavn\u00fdmi aspektmi s\u00fa plodnos\u0165, zrelos\u0165, prechod a udelenie nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota z r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych. Eleus\u00ednske myst\u00e9ri\u00e1 oslavovali jej \u00falohu v kozmickej obnove.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00e1tky profil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pramene: Ovidiove Metamorf\u00f3zy 5, Verg\u00edliove Georgiky, Cicerove De Natura Deorum, Apuleiove Metamorf\u00f3zy, hymny na Proserpinu, latinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy a n\u00e1hrobn\u00e9 epitafy. Sekund\u00e1rna literat\u00fara: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte, Walter Burkert (o splynut\u00ed s Persefonou), Hubert Cancik. Kult Proserpiny bol siln\u00fd v eleus\u00ednskych kultoch, ale roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd aj v s\u00fakromn\u00fdch domoch It\u00e1lie, Galie a Afriky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina zostala \u017eiv\u00e1 aj po z\u00e1niku antick\u00e9ho kultu. Ovidiov opis \u00fanosu v Metamorf\u00f3zach a neskoroantick\u00e1 epika Claudiana De raptu Proserpinae udr\u017eali l\u00e1tku pri \u017eivote, maliari a soch\u00e1ri od renesancie a\u017e po Berniniho a Rossettiho na \u0148u nadv\u00e4zovali. Goethe o nej nap\u00edsal monodr\u00e1mu. Jadro m\u00fdtu, rok rozdelen\u00fd medzi horn\u00fd a doln\u00fd svet, je dodnes najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm antick\u00fdm v\u00fdkladom ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed.<\/p><h3>Mytologick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/h3><p>Proserpina je r\u00edmska bohy\u0148a jari a podsvetia, dc\u00e9ra Cerery. Jej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>, \u00fanos Plutom, n\u00e1vrat, je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd pre ch\u00e1panie ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed. Nie je bezmocn\u00e1, ale vl\u00e1dne podsvetiu spolu s Plutom. Je ambivalentnou postavou premeny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina bola v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1ma a uctievan\u00e1, \u010di s re\u0161pektom ob\u00e1van\u00e1, v celom r\u00edmskom svete, bez obmedzenia na konkr\u00e9tne regi\u00f3ny alebo miesta. \u010ci vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mestsk\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch alebo na perif\u00e9rii vidieka, \u010di medzi spolo\u010denskou elitou alebo jednoduch\u00fdm \u013eudom, duchovn\u00fd a kult\u00farny v\u00fdznam tejto entity bol uzn\u00e1van\u00fd a v\u0161eobecn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Prijatie Proserpiny do R\u00edma bolo \u0161t\u00e1tnym rozhodnut\u00edm: na pr\u00edkaz Sibyl\u00ednskych kn\u00edh bol jej kult zaveden\u00fd v roku 249 pred Kr. spolu s kultom Dis Patera, aby odvr\u00e1til ne\u0161\u0165astie od spolo\u010denstva. Jej gr\u00e9cky vzor Persefona sa dostal do R\u00edma prostredn\u00edctvom kol\u00f3ni\u00ed v ju\u017enej It\u00e1lii a na Sic\u00edlii; sv\u00e4ty\u0148a v Locri a sic\u00edlske kultov\u00e9 miesta ukazuj\u00fa, ako obchod a koloniz\u00e1cia roz\u0161\u00edrili a zjednotili jej uctievanie v Stredomor\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prim\u00e1rne pramene: Ovidiove Metamorf\u00f3zy 5 (\u00danos Proserpiny), Verg\u00edliove Georgiky a Aeneida, Hom\u00e9rov Hymnus na Demeter (gr\u00e9cky protiklad), Cicerove De Natura Deorum, Senekove trag\u00e9die.<\/p><p>\u010casov\u00e9 rozp\u00e4tie: 5. storo\u010die pred Kr. a\u017e 6. storo\u010die po Kr. B\u00e1datelia: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (Dejiny r\u00edmskeho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva), Walter Burkert (Gr\u00e9cke n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo), Manfred Clauss (Kulty). Archeologick\u00e9 doklady: eleus\u00ednske sv\u00e4tyne, n\u00e1hrobn\u00e9 pam\u00e4tn\u00edky z r\u00edmskeho obdobia, prekliatia s menom Proserpiny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010denie a sp\u00f4soby z\u00e1pisu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je v r\u00f4znych prame\u0148och a umeleck\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00e1ch zobrazovan\u00e1 s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi opakuj\u00facimi sa ikonografick\u00fdmi prvkami, ktor\u00e9 zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa relat\u00edvne kon\u0161tantn\u00e9 po\u010das desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed a v r\u00f4znych geografick\u00fdch oblastiach. Tieto prvky s\u00fa hlboko symbolicky k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 a nes\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdznam; nemo\u017eno ich vysvetli\u0165 ako \u010dist\u00fa dekor\u00e1ciu alebo n\u00e1hodn\u00fd v\u00fdber.<\/p><p>Na obrazoch Proserpiny sa d\u00e1 vy\u010d\u00edta\u0165 jej dvojak\u00e1 povaha. Klasy, kvety a gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko odkazuj\u00fa na plodnos\u0165 a veget\u00e1ciu, z\u00e1rove\u0148 na plod, ktor\u00e9ho po\u017eitie ju viazalo k podsvetiu. Fak\u013ea patr\u00ed k h\u013eadaniu jej matkou Cererou, tr\u00f3n ved\u013ea Pluta ju ukazuje ako kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00fa r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych. Kto poznal m\u00fdtus, rozpoznal v ka\u017edom z t\u00fdchto znakov jednu etapu jej pr\u00edbehu: \u00fanos, h\u013eadanie, gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko, rozdelen\u00fd rok. Atrib\u00faty rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdobiach v zhustenej forme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina bola centr\u00e1lna v n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej praxi, ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1loch a be\u017enom ch\u00e1pan\u00ed obyvate\u013eov R\u00edma. \u013dudia sa na t\u00fato bytos\u0165 obracali v kritick\u00fdch alebo osobitn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, pr\u00edpadne v ur\u010den\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lnych ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdobiach, pomocou \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdch, \u010dasto n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov, modlitieb alebo obetn\u00fdch darov.<\/p><p>Kult Proserpiny bol v R\u00edme pevne stanoven\u00fd. V roku 249 pred Kr. bola jej \u00facta spolu s Dis Pater zaveden\u00e1 \u00faradne, obete na podzemnom olt\u00e1ri Tarentum na Marsovom poli sa riadili presn\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1lnymi predpismi. V gr\u00e9ckym vplyvom formovan\u00fdch myst\u00e9ri\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa viazali na jej vzor Persefonu, viedli zasv\u00e4tenia osobitne ur\u010den\u00ed kultov\u00ed \u00faradn\u00edci; \u00fa\u010das\u0165 a priebeh podliehali strog\u00fdm pravidl\u00e1m.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ly pre Proserpinu plnili po st\u00e1ro\u010dia konkr\u00e9tne \u00falohy. Ako bohy\u0148a veget\u00e1cie bola vz\u00fdvan\u00e1 spolu s Cereou za prosperitu \u00farody, teda za ob\u017eivu obce. Ako kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 podsvetia prij\u00edmala dary, ktor\u00e9 mali zomret\u00fdm zabezpe\u010di\u0165 milostiv\u00e9 prijatie. Jej m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dnom v\u00fdstupe a zostupe navy\u0161e vysvet\u013eoval striedanie ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed a d\u00e1val prechodu medzi \u017eivotom a smr\u0165ou hmatate\u013en\u00fa podobu.<\/p><h3>Zjav a symbolika<\/h3><p>Proserpina je zobrazovan\u00e1 v prechodn\u00fdch f\u00e1zach, niekedy mlad\u00e1 a jarn\u00e1, inokedy tmav\u00e1 a ponur\u00e1. Nos\u00ed korunu a \u010dasto dr\u017e\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010d. Gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko je jej atrib\u00fatom (semienko n\u00e1vratu). Patria k nej aj ja\u010dmenn\u00e9 klasy a kvety. Jej ambivalencia je jej silou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Profil vysvet\u013euje povahu Proserpiny prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161iestich rozmerov: jej mytick\u00fd p\u00f4vod a roz\u0161\u00edrenie, formy jej uctievania v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 chc\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00fdch \u00fakonov alebo form\u00fal zasiahnu\u0165 do chodu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gii<\/span>, jej charakteristick\u00e9 zobrazenie v umen\u00ed a symboloch, v\u00fdznam <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvania<\/span> a re\u0161pektu, pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy v susedn\u00fdch kult\u00farach a z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fd preh\u013ead jej kozmickej funkcie ako bohyne prechodu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00f4vod Proserpiny<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je r\u00edmskou podobou gr\u00e9ckej Persefony a poch\u00e1dza z indoeur\u00f3pskych m\u00fdtov o bohyniach plodnosti. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prenesen\u00e1 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svetu.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> o \u00fanose (latinsky: raptus) bol p\u00f4vodne vysvetlen\u00edm sez\u00f3nnych vegeta\u010dn\u00fdch cyklov. V R\u00edme bola Proserpina uctievan\u00e1 ako man\u017eelka Pluta, samostatn\u00e1 a mocn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Najstar\u0161ie doklady sa datuj\u00fa do 5. storo\u010dia pred Kr., posilnili sa v\u0161ak pod gr\u00e9ckym vplyvom (2.-1. storo\u010die pred Kr.). Eleuz\u00ednske myst\u00e9riov\u00e9 kulty ju \u0161\u00edrili po celom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antickom<\/span> svete.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cie\u013eov\u00e1 skupina Proserpiny<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina bola vz\u00fdvan\u00e1 ro\u013en\u00edkmi pri sejbe a zbere \u00farody, tehotn\u00fdmi \u017eenami (ako z\u00e1ruka nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota) a sm\u00fatiacimi (na uzmierenie mrtvych).<\/p><p>Eleuz\u00ednske myst\u00e9ri\u00e1 boli striktne tajn\u00e9, ale ich \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci hovorili o \u00falohe Proserpiny ako nosite\u013eky n\u00e1deje po smrti. V s\u00fakromn\u00fdch domoch sa k nej modlili za plodnos\u0165 a ochranu det\u00ed. Anthesteria (kvetinov\u00fd sviatok) bol ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fdm sviatkom na jej po\u010des\u0165.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zobrazenie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina bola zobrazovan\u00e1 ako mlad\u00e1 \u017eena alebo zrel\u00e1 kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1, pod\u013ea f\u00e1zy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prenesen\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svetu.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>: mlad\u00e1 pri \u00fanose, zrel\u00e1 a korunovan\u00e1 ako vl\u00e1dky\u0148a podsvetia.<\/p><p>Jej atrib\u00fatmi s\u00fa makovica (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, ktor\u00fd zastupuje predstavu alebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> sp\u00e1nku a smrti), rohom hojnosti (bohatos\u0165), \u017eezlo a fak\u013ea (svieti v temnote podsvetia). Na minciach sed\u00ed ved\u013ea Pluta alebo nos\u00ed korunu. Na hroboch symbolizuje prechod a n\u00e1dej na pokra\u010dovanie \u017eivota.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00f4sobenie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oblas\u0165 p\u00f4sobenia:<\/strong> Proserpina (aj Persefona, po gr\u00e9cky) je r\u00edmska bohy\u0148a podsvetia, dc\u00e9ra Cerey (Demeter) a man\u017eelka Pluta (H\u00e1da).<\/p><p>Symbolizuje prechod medzi ro\u010dn\u00fdmi obdobiami, medzi \u017eivotom a smr\u0165ou. Jej \u00fanos do podsvetia a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat k matke vysvet\u013euj\u00fa striedanie leta a zimy. Nie je bezmocn\u00e1 ani pas\u00edvna, v mnoh\u00fdch textoch je vl\u00e1dky\u0148ou podsvetia, man\u017eelkou s vlastn\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eovstvom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prostriedky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina bola predmetom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvania<\/span> a ochrannej \u00facty ako sprostredkovate\u013eka medzi \u017eivotom a smr\u0165ou, nie ako \u0161kodliv\u00e1 bohy\u0148a. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">Obete<\/span> tvorili mak, med, ovocie a \u010dierne zvierat\u00e1.<\/p><p>Pri sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch obradoch sa k nej modlili, aby zosnul\u00fdch prijala do svojej vl\u00e1dy a dala im pokoj. Tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny nosili amulety s jej obrazom. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 chc\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00fdch \u00fakonov alebo form\u00fal zasiahnu\u0165 do chodu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00e1gia<\/span> \u010dasto zah\u0155\u0148ala jej meno pri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 privola\u0165 alebo sp\u00fata\u0165 nejak\u00fa moc.\" tabindex=\"0\">zakl\u00ednan\u00ed<\/span> alebo na ochranu pred zl\u00fdmi duchmi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Porovnate\u013en\u00e9 bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Persefona (gr\u00e9cky) je priamym vzorom a zost\u00e1va \u0161truktur\u00e1lne identick\u00e1. Inanna\/I\u0161tar v Mezopot\u00e1mii sa jej podob\u00e1 cestou do podsvetia, ale nie viazanos\u0165ou na ro\u010dn\u00e9 obdobia. V egyptskej oblasti vykazuje Osiris (mu\u017esk\u00fd) podobn\u00e9 funkcie ako s\u00fadca mrtvych a postava n\u00e1deje. Hel v germ\u00e1nskej trad\u00edcii je menej ambivalentnou vl\u00e1dky\u0148ou podsvetia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina je r\u00edmska adapt\u00e1cia gr\u00e9ckej Persefony; jej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a usporiadan\u00ed sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> bol prepojen\u00fd s r\u00edmskym po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskym kalend\u00e1rom a eleus\u00ednskymi myst\u00e9riami. Zatia\u013e \u010do Persefona zost\u00e1va v m\u00fdte o \u0161tyroch ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdobiach \u00fastrednou postavou sm\u00fatku, Proserpina v r\u00edmskej praxi preber\u00e1 aj ochrann\u00e9 \u00falohy spojen\u00e9 s man\u017eelstvom a dom\u00e1cnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u017didovsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia:<\/strong> V \u017eidovskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gii<\/span> neexistuje bohy\u0148a podsvetia. \u0160eol je pas\u00edvna r\u00ed\u0161a m\u0155tvych bez personifikovanej vl\u00e1dkyne. A\u017e v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Smer \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span> a apokalyptike sa spom\u00ednaj\u00fa anjelsk\u00e9 bytosti, no \u017eiadne obdoby Proserpiny.<\/p><p><strong>Gr\u00e9cko-r\u00edmsky svet:<\/strong> Persefona je gr\u00e9ckym p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm vzorom Proserpiny. V spolo\u010dn\u00fdch kultoch (najm\u00e4 po 3. storo\u010d\u00ed pred Kr.) sa men\u00e1 a funkcie prel\u00ednali, no \u0161truktur\u00e1lne zost\u00e1vali rovnak\u00e9. Pribudli aj \u010fal\u0161ie podsvetn\u00e9 bo\u017estv\u00e1 (Hekat\u00e9), bez toho, aby Persefonu vytla\u010dili.<\/p><p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mia:<\/strong> Inanna\/I\u0161tar podnikne cestu do podsvetia a je tam na kr\u00e1tky \u010das zajat\u00e1, no vracia sa sp\u00e4\u0165, \u010do je \u0161truktur\u00e1lne podobn\u00e9 Proserpinho ro\u010dn\u00e9mu cyklu, av\u0161ak dramatickej\u0161ie a menej regenera\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p><p><strong>India\/\u00c1zia:<\/strong> V hinduizme steles\u0148uje K\u00e1l\u00ed zni\u010denie aj obnovu, no nem\u00e1 Proserpinu konkr\u00e9tnu \u00falohu man\u017eelky boha smrti. V ranom buddhizme tak\u00e1to postava ch\u00fdba; podsvetie je tam menej personifikovan\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96567ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp96567ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39824e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp39824e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Unos Proserpiny do podrobnost\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp625c136 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp625c136\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp57771b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp57771b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dastredn\u00fdm pr\u00edbehom o Proserpine je jej unos Plutom, vl\u00e1dcom podsvetia. Ov\u00eddius ho podrobne opisuje v piatej knihe <em>Metamorf\u00f3z<\/em>, druh\u00fa, odli\u0161n\u00fa verziu pod\u00e1va vo <em>Fasti<\/em>. Pod\u013ea Ov\u00eddiovho podania trh\u00e1 Proserpina so svojimi spolo\u010dn\u00ed\u010dkami kvety v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Posv\u00e4tn\u00fd h\u00e1j, ktor\u00fd sl\u00fa\u017eil ako kultov\u00e9 miesto.\" tabindex=\"0\">h\u00e1ji<\/span> pri sic\u00edlskom jazere Pergus bl\u00edzko Henny.<\/p><p>Pluto, zasiahnut\u00fd \u0161\u00edpom Amora, ju uzrie, uchv\u00e1ti a odveze vozom do hlb\u00edn. Zem sa otv\u00e1ra pri jazere Cyane, ktor\u00e9ho nymfa m\u00e1rne vzdoruje.<\/p><p>Ceres, matka, h\u013ead\u00e1 svoju dc\u00e9ru po celej zemi. Pod\u013ea Ov\u00eddia vo svojom hneve sp\u00f4sob\u00ed, \u017ee Sic\u00edlia str\u00e1ca \u00farodnos\u0165. A\u017e nymfa Arethusa jej ozn\u00e1mi, \u017ee videla Proserpinu ako kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00fa podsvetia. Ceres sa obr\u00e1ti na Jupitera.<\/p><p>N\u00e1vrat v\u0161ak stroskot\u00e1va na podmienke Osudov: kto v podsvet\u00ed prijal potravu, nesmie sa vr\u00e1ti\u0165. Proserpina zjedla sedem semienok gran\u00e1tov\u00e9ho jablka, \u010do sledoval Askalafos, ktor\u00e9ho za to premenila na v\u00fdra.<\/p><p>Jupiter dojedn\u00e1va kompromis. Proserpina str\u00e1vi \u010das\u0165 roka vo vrchnom svete pri matke, \u010das\u0165 v podsvet\u00ed pri Plutovi. Ov\u00eddius uv\u00e1dza vo <em>Fasti<\/em> polovi\u010dn\u00e9 rozdelenie, v <em>Metamorf\u00f3zach<\/em> pomer dva k jednej v prospech vrchn\u00e9ho sveta.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to rozdielnos\u0165 u\u017e v antick\u00fdch prame\u0148och samotn\u00fdch ukazuje, \u017ee pr\u00edbeh nemal ust\u00e1len\u00fa kanonick\u00fa formu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, po\u010diatkoch a poriadku svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">M\u00fdtus<\/span> sa \u00fazko sp\u00e1ja s gr\u00e9ckym l\u00e1tkou Demeter-Persefona, ktorej najpodrobnej\u0161iu verziu pod\u00e1va hom\u00e9rsky <em>Hymnus na Demeter<\/em>. R\u00edmska literat\u00fara t\u00fato l\u00e1tku z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti prevzala, dejisko v\u0161ak presunula preva\u017ene na Sic\u00edliu, ktor\u00e1 platila za kultov\u00e9 centrum Ceres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c9ee0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c9ee0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4f63d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4f63d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina a m\u00fdtus ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39c0a19 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp39c0a19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45c5234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp45c5234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pr\u00edbeh o rozdelenom pobyte Proserpiny bol u\u017e v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> ch\u00e1pan\u00fd ako vysvetlenie striedania ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed. Pobyt v podsvet\u00ed zodpoved\u00e1 obdob\u00ed bez veget\u00e1cie, n\u00e1vrat k matke rastu.<\/p><p>Tento v\u00fdklad je zakotven\u00fd u\u017e v antick\u00fdch textoch, napr\u00edklad ke\u010f Ov\u00eddius sp\u00e1ja sm\u00fatok Ceres s ne\u00farodnos\u0165ou zeme. Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdskum 19. a za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia, najm\u00e4 v okol\u00ed Jamesa Frazera a takzvan\u00fdch Cambridge Ritualists, na tomto z\u00e1klade vybudoval komplexn\u00fa te\u00f3riu umieraj\u00facich a znovu sa vracaj\u00facich vegeta\u010dn\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.<\/p><p>Nov\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum je k tomuto v\u00fdkladu skeptickej\u0161\u00ed. Upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee Proserpina je unesen\u00e1 a vl\u00e1dne, nezomiera, a \u017ee stredomorsk\u00fd klimatick\u00fd cyklus so svoj\u00edm such\u00fdm letom a vlhkou zimou sa ned\u00e1 bez \u010fal\u0161ieho stoto\u017eni\u0165 s touto sch\u00e9mou.<\/p><p>Niektor\u00ed b\u00e1datelia ch\u00e1pu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, po\u010diatkoch a poriadku svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> sk\u00f4r ako inicia\u010dn\u00fd a svadobn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh: Proserpina uskuto\u010d\u0148uje prechod z diev\u010da\u0165a na \u017eenu, z domu matky do domu man\u017eela. Gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko, \u010dasto sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 s plodnos\u0165ou a man\u017eelstvom, t\u00fato interpret\u00e1ciu podporuje.<\/p><p>Oba v\u00fdklady sa nevylu\u010duj\u00fa. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antick\u00e9<\/span> kulty mohli ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ten ist\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie o bohoch, po\u010diatkoch a poriadku svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> na viacer\u00fdch \u00farovniach. Pre kult Ceres a Proserpiny v R\u00edme bol napokon \u00fastredn\u00fd po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky vz\u0165ah, ako to ukazuje sviatok <em>Cerialia<\/em> v apr\u00edli.<\/p><p>Ved\u013ea toho existovala i osobnej\u0161ia, na posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot zameran\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prakticky pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 praxa \u010dloveka.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1bo\u017enos\u0165<\/span>, ktor\u00e1 mala svoje miesto v myst\u00e9riov\u00fdch kultoch a smerovala k individu\u00e1lnej n\u00e1deji presahuj\u00facej smr\u0165. Do akej miery boli tieto l\u00ednie v r\u00edmskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kulte<\/span> prepleten\u00e9, sa d\u00e1 z medzerovit\u00fdch prame\u0148ov zrekon\u0161truova\u0165 len \u010diasto\u010dne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa45d7ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa45d7ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d5ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26d5ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a myst\u00e9ri\u00e1 Ceres a Proserpiny v R\u00edme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09178ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp09178ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp875fb57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp875fb57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V R\u00edme bola Proserpina len zriedka jedin\u00fdm predmetom kultu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa objavuje spolo\u010dne s Ceres. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> oboch boh\u00fd\u0148 st\u00e1l na Avent\u00edne, pod\u013ea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcie<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzdan\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm \u00fakonom sv\u00e4tosti a t\u00fdm povznesen\u00e9 nad be\u017en\u00fd svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">zasv\u00e4ten\u00fd<\/span> za\u010diatkom piateho storo\u010dia pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom, spolo\u010dne s Liberom.<\/p><p>Tento avent\u00ednsky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> sa pova\u017eoval za plebejsk\u00fd protip\u00f3l patricijskej tri\u00e1dy na Kapitole a mal tak aj soci\u00e1lny a politick\u00fd rozmer.<\/p><p>Osobitn\u00fa formu mali <em>sacra Cereris<\/em>, gr\u00e9ckym vplyvom formovan\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, o ktor\u00fd sa pod\u013ea Cicera starali gr\u00e9\u010dke k\u0148a\u017eky z ju\u017en\u00e9ho Talianska a ktor\u00fd bol pr\u00edstupn\u00fd v\u00fdlu\u010dne \u017een\u00e1m. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00e1 sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> s\u00favisel s eleuz\u00ednskymi predstavami, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak preniesol na r\u00edmsku p\u00f4du.<\/p><p>Okrem toho sa v republik\u00e1nskom R\u00edme po\u010das kr\u00edz konal sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00fd ritu\u00e1l za Ceres a Proserpinu, ktor\u00fd sa pod\u013ea L\u00edviusa mohol v pr\u00edpade z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch verejn\u00fdch n\u00fadzov\u00fdch stavov preru\u0161i\u0165, preto\u017ee sm\u00fatok sa v tak\u00fdch chv\u00ed\u013each pova\u017eoval za nevhodn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Z cis\u00e1rskej doby sa navy\u0161e zachovala zmienka o no\u010dnej sl\u00e1vnosti, v nepravideln\u00fdch intervaloch sl\u00e1venej <em>Saecularnej sl\u00e1vnosti<\/em>, pri ktorej okrem in\u00e9ho hrali \u00falohu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obete<\/span> pre Proserpinu ako podsvetn\u00fa bohy\u0148u. Prame\u0148ov\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia k jednotlivostiam t\u00fdchto obradov je obmedzen\u00e1, preto\u017ee myst\u00e9riov\u00e9 kulty svoj obsah vedome nezaznamen\u00e1vali p\u00edsomne.<\/p><p>\u010co o nich vieme, poch\u00e1dza v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z n\u00e1znakov u Cicera, z kres\u0165anskej polemiky a z n\u00e1pisov\u00fdch a archeologick\u00fdch svedectiev. Presn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stanoven\u00fd poriadok bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgia<\/span> zost\u00e1va do ve\u013ekej miery nezn\u00e1ma. Podobn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary sa vyskytuj\u00fa aj u gr\u00e9ckej <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157742\">Persefony<\/a> (Persephone), ktorej eleuz\u00ednsky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je zdokumentovan\u00fd o nie\u010do lep\u0161ie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f2b3a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3f2b3a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b5008f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b5008f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina vo v\u00fdtvarnom umen\u00ed a na sarkof\u00e1goch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9688396 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9688396\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c2e52e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c2e52e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00danos Proserpiny patr\u00ed medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zobrazovan\u00e9 m\u00fdty r\u00edmskeho umenia. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd je tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> na sarkof\u00e1goch strednej a neskorej cis\u00e1rskej doby. Sc\u00e9na typicky zobrazuje Pluta, ktor\u00fd strh\u00e1va Proserpinu na svoj ko\u0148mi \u0165ahan\u00fd voz, sprev\u00e1dzan\u00fd Minervou, Dianou a odporuj\u00facou Cyane.<\/p><p>Vo\u013eba pr\u00e1ve tohto mot\u00edvu pre hrobov\u00fd kontext je v\u00fdpovedn\u00e1: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzdan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o nedobrovo\u013enom prechode do podsvetia a \u010diasto\u010dnom n\u00e1vrate poskytoval obrazov\u00fa re\u010d pre smr\u0165, ktor\u00e1 ved\u013ea straty vyjadrovala aj n\u00e1dej.<\/p><p>Okrem toho existuj\u00fa n\u00e1stenn\u00e9 ma\u013eby, napr\u00edklad z Pompej\u00ed, a mozaiky, ktor\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00fa \u00fanos alebo tr\u00f3nuj\u00facu Proserpinu ako vl\u00e1dky\u0148u podsvetia. Ako kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 podsvetia nos\u00ed \u010dasto diad\u00e9m alebo polos, pr\u00edle\u017eitostne klasy obilia alebo gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko ako atrib\u00fat.<\/p><p>Vo svojej funkcii vl\u00e1dkyne sed\u00ed na tr\u00f3ne po boku Pluta, \u010dasto s trojhlav\u00fdm psom Kerberom pri noh\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Recepcia pokra\u010duje \u010faleko za hranice <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene 800 pred Kr. a\u017e 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiky<\/span>. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm novodob\u00fdm spracovan\u00edm je mramorov\u00e1 skupina <em>Ratto di Proserpina<\/em> od Gianlorenza Berniniho z rokov okolo 1621 a\u017e 1622, ktor\u00e1 s ve\u013ekou dynamikou zachyt\u00e1va okamih uchv\u00e1tenia.<\/p><p>V maliarstve sa tejto t\u00e9me venovali okrem in\u00fdch Rembrandt a nesk\u00f4r prerafaeliti, napr\u00edklad Dante Gabriel Rossetti so svoj\u00edm dielom <em>Proserpine<\/em>. Aj v hudbe sa t\u00e1to l\u00e1tka vyu\u017e\u00edvala, napr\u00edklad v barokov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ch. Archeologick\u00e9 a umenovedn\u00e9 svedectv\u00e1 spolu robia z Proserpiny jednu z obrazovo najd\u00f4kladnej\u0161ie zdokumentovan\u00fdch post\u00e1v r\u00edmskeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzdan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku svet.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d56957 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1d56957\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp521bb21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp521bb21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etymol\u00f3gia a vz\u0165ah k Persefone<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp47a25ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp47a25ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88c9301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp88c9301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00f4vod mena Proserpina nie je z jazykovedn\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska \u00faplne objasnen\u00fd. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antick\u00e1<\/span> \u013eudov\u00e1 etymol\u00f3gia ho sp\u00e1jala s latinsk\u00fdm slovesom <em>proserpere<\/em>, \u010di\u017ee vyl\u00edna\u0165 sa, a vykladala ho ako vzch\u00e1dzanie osiva. Tento v\u00fdklad sa objavuje u Cicera aj u Varrona. Modern\u00e1 jazykoveda ho pova\u017euje za sekund\u00e1rny v\u00fdklad.<\/p><p>Pravdepodobnej\u0161ie je, \u017ee <em>Proserpina<\/em> vznikla hl\u00e1skovou premenou gr\u00e9ckeho mena <em>Persefona<\/em>, mo\u017eno prostredn\u00edctvom etrusk\u00e9ho medzi\u010dl\u00e1nku. Na etrusk\u00fdch zrkadl\u00e1ch sa t\u00e1to postava objavuje pod menom <em>Phersipnai<\/em> alebo v podobn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch, \u010do prenos cez etru\u0161tinu rob\u00ed pravdepodobn\u00fdm.<\/p><p>Aj samotn\u00e9 gr\u00e9cke meno <em>Persefona<\/em> sa pova\u017euje za nejasn\u00e9 a pravdepodobne poch\u00e1dza z predgr\u00e9ckeho obdobia. U\u017e Gr\u00e9ci poznali mnoh\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie formy ako <em>Persefatta<\/em> alebo <em>Ferefatta<\/em>, \u010do nazna\u010duje starobyl\u00e9 meno, ktor\u00e9 sa d\u00e1 len \u0165a\u017eko vysvetli\u0165. Mno\u017estvo variantov ukazuje, \u017ee t\u00e1to postava nebola v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcii<\/span> jazykovo nikdy \u00faplne ust\u00e1len\u00e1.<\/p><p>V r\u00edmskom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve sa Proserpina u\u017e skoro splynula s dom\u00e1cou predstavou podsvetia, s\u00fa\u010dasne sa v\u0161ak stoto\u017e\u0148ovala aj s italskou bohy\u0148ou Liberou, \u017eensk\u00fdm protip\u00f3lom Libera. T\u00e1to identifik\u00e1cia nie je jednotn\u00e1 a ukazuje, ako sa v tejto postave stret\u00e1vali r\u00f4zne tradi\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00ednie.<\/p><p>Z h\u013eadiska vedeck\u00e9ho sk\u00famania je Proserpina dobr\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom toho, ako sa gr\u00e9cky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o bohoch, p\u00f4vode a poriadku sveta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> cez sprostredkuj\u00face kult\u00fary za\u010dlenil do r\u00edmskeho syst\u00e9mu a pritom sa spojil s existuj\u00facimi dom\u00e1cimi prvkami. \u00dapln\u00e9 oddelenie r\u00edmskej postavy od gr\u00e9ckej je v zachovan\u00fdch prame\u0148och takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa0b2c61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa0b2c61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1225fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1225fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina ako vl\u00e1dky\u0148a podsvetia a v kliatobnej praxi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d58d11 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3d58d11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a4fb59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9a4fb59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Okrem svojej \u00falohy v m\u00fdte o ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdobiach mala Proserpina samostatn\u00fa funkciu vl\u00e1dkyne r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych.<\/p><p>V tejto \u00falohe sa objavuje v prame\u0148och, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre r\u00edmsky ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdpovedn\u00e9: v kliatobn\u00fdch tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch, latinsky <em>defixiones<\/em>. Tieto texty, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vyryt\u00e9 do oloven\u00fdch tabuliek, sa ukladali do hrobov, studn\u00ed alebo prame\u0148ov a privol\u00e1vali podsvetn\u00e9 mocnosti, aby ubl\u00ed\u017eili protivn\u00edkovi, ovplyvnili s\u00fadny spor alebo pomohli z\u00edska\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 ukradnut\u00fd majetok.<\/p><p>Na mnoh\u00fdch zachovan\u00fdch tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch sa Proserpina privol\u00e1va spolu s Plutom alebo Dis Paterom. Objavuje sa tam pod r\u00f4znymi pr\u00edvlastkami, ob\u010das aj v spojen\u00ed s in\u00fdmi podsvetn\u00fdmi postavami.<\/p><p>Jazyk t\u00fdchto textov je formul\u00e1rov\u00fd a riadi sa rozpoznate\u013en\u00fdmi vzormi, \u010do nazna\u010duje, \u017ee existovali predlohy alebo \u0161pecializovan\u00ed autori. Pre v\u00fdskum s\u00fa <em>defixiones<\/em> cenn\u00e9, preto\u017ee dokumentuj\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a prax jednotliv\u00e9ho \u010dloveka.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1bo\u017enos\u0165<\/span> mimo r\u00e1mca ofici\u00e1lnych \u0161t\u00e1tnych kultov a ukazuj\u00fa, ako sa \u013eudia konkr\u00e9tne obracali na bohov.<\/p><p>Proserpina bola tie\u017e sp\u00e1jan\u00e1 s posmrtnou odmenou a trestom. V myst\u00e9riov\u00fdch predstav\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zachyten\u00e9 okrem in\u00e9ho na takzvan\u00fdch orfick\u00fdch-bakchick\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch, hr\u00e1 podsvetn\u00e1 kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 \u00falohu in\u0161tancie, pred ktorou zosnul\u00e1 du\u0161a obstoj\u00ed alebo neuspeje.<\/p><p>\u010ci tieto tabu\u013eky myslia Proserpinu v \u00fazkom r\u00edmskom zmysle, alebo sk\u00f4r v\u0161eobecnej\u0161iu, gr\u00e9cky ovplyvnen\u00fa podsvetn\u00fa bohy\u0148u, sa v jednotliv\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch \u0165a\u017eko rozhoduje. Celkovo t\u00e1to skupina prame\u0148ov ukazuje, \u017ee Proserpina bola nad r\u00e1mec liter\u00e1rnej m\u00fdtickej postavy adres\u00e1tkou skuto\u010dnej ritu\u00e1lnej praxe, ktor\u00e1 sa rozprestierala od l\u00e1skovej magie a\u017e po n\u00e1dej na posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00favisiace odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157587\">R\u00edm, kult\u00fara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157745\">Pluto, man\u017eel a kr\u00e1\u013e podsvetia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157742\">Persefona, gr\u00e9cka p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 forma<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foley, Helene P. (ed.): <em>The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation and Commentary<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Caldwell, Richard S.: <em>The Psychology of Religion. A Jungian Perspective<\/em>. Routledge, 1991.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ako <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/em> r\u00edmskej trad\u00edcie zodpoved\u00e1 Proserpina gr\u00e9ckej Persefone a del\u00ed si rok medzi horn\u00fa a podsvetn\u00fa r\u00ed\u0161u; jej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch obradov venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo posv\u00e4tnej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> formoval sviatky osevu a <em>libri Sibyllini<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1738,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Proserpina","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Proserpina \u2013 r\u00edmska bohy\u0148a podsvetia","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Proserpina, r\u00edmska bohy\u0148a podsvetia: \u00fanos Plutom, gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko a m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdobiach, dejiny kultu od R\u00edma a\u017e po prekliatia na tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"rom","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-157750","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Proserpina \u2013 r\u00edmska bohy\u0148a podsvetia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Proserpina, r\u00edmska bohy\u0148a podsvetia: \u00fanos Plutom, gran\u00e1tov\u00e9 jablko a m\u00fdtus o ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdobiach, dejiny kultu od R\u00edma a\u017e po prekliatia na tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/proserpina\/\" \/>\n<meta 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