{"id":157721,"date":"2026-09-04T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157721"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:40:39","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:40:39","slug":"glosar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/","title":{"rendered":"Glos\u00e1r"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157721\" class=\"elementor elementor-157721 elementor-1922 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroff44d80 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"heroff44d80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimgea37f28 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimgea37f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159617\" alt=\"Glos\u00e1r \u2013 ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-h1-1922 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-h1-1922\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-h1w-1922 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-h1w-1922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Glos\u00e1r, vysvetlenie pojmov z tried bytost\u00ed<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-restoreh-glossar e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"restoreh-glossar\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-restorei-glossar elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"restorei-glossar\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Goetter-1200x661-Hintergrund-sym-1024x566.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159902\" alt=\"Podkladov\u00e1 dla\u017edica pre str\u00e1nky Bohovia, 1200\u00d7661 ako dla\u017edica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Goetter-1200x661-Hintergrund-sym-1024x566.webp 1024w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Goetter-1200x661-Hintergrund-sym-300x166.webp 300w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Goetter-1200x661-Hintergrund-sym-768x424.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Goetter-1200x661-Hintergrund-sym.webp 1196w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x404b-s0 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x404b-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x404b-h0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x404b-h0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Glos\u00e1r<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x404b-s0-bw e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x404b-s0-bw\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x404b-t0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x404b-t0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glos\u00e1r zhroma\u017e\u010fuje k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na iWell Guard, triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie, metodick\u00e9 koncepty a najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie praktick\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy z trad\u00edcie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia zvl\u00e1\u0161tnymi \u00fakonmi alebo formulami zasiahnu\u0165 do chodu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> a ochrany. Je koncipovan\u00fd ako referen\u010dn\u00e1 pom\u00f4cka, nie ako historick\u00fd v\u00fdklad v\u00fdvoja pojmov; kde maj\u00fa pojmy v r\u00f4znych trad\u00edci\u00e1ch odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdznam, je ozna\u010den\u00fd v\u00fdznam z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fd pre iWell Guard.<\/p><p>Kto v konkr\u00e9tnom \u010dl\u00e1nku naraz\u00ed na pojem a nevie, \u010do znamen\u00e1, n\u00e1jde tu stru\u010dn\u00fa defin\u00edciu s odkazom na podrobn\u00e9 spracovanie. Pojmy s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 do troch oblast\u00ed: <strong>triedy bytost\u00ed<\/strong>, <strong>podkateg\u00f3rie<\/strong> a <strong>praktiky<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Glos\u00e1r vysvet\u013euje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy tried bytost\u00ed.<\/p><div><h3>Metodick\u00e9 postavenie glos\u00e1ra<\/h3><p>Glos\u00e1r na iWell Guard nie je len zoznamom pojmov, ale metodick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje religionistick\u00e9 triedenie zdokumentovan\u00fdch bytost\u00ed a prakt\u00edk. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pojem m\u00e1 jasne vymedzen\u00fa defini\u010dn\u00fa funkciu: ud\u00e1va r\u00e1mec zaradenia, do ktor\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zaraden\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 podrobn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky.<\/p><p>Tvorba pojmov sa riadi dvoma princ\u00edpmi: po prv\u00e9 religionistickou trad\u00edciou (Burkert pre gr\u00e9cke n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo, Bott\u00e9ro pre mezopot\u00e1mske, Schimmel pre islamsk\u00e9, Eliade pre porovn\u00e1vacie koncepty), po druh\u00e9 klasifika\u010dnou logikou \u0161pecifickou pre iWell Guard (triedy bytost\u00ed, tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pil\u00edre, vrstvy ochrann\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sv\u00e4t\u00e1 slabika alebo formula, ktor\u00e1 sa v hinduizme a budhizme opakovane recituje.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantier<\/span>).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-s0 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"add-glossar-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-h0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"add-glossar-h0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Triedy bytost\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-s0-bw e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"add-glossar-s0-bw\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-t0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"add-glossar-t0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Boh \/ bohy\u0148a:<\/strong> Zosobnen\u00e1 najvy\u0161\u0161ia moc v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor v\u0161etk\u00fdch bohov n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3ne<\/span> danej kult\u00fary. Bohovia maj\u00fa vlastn\u00e9 meno, definovan\u00e9 kompetencie (nebo, vojna, smr\u0165, l\u00e1ska, stvorenie), pevn\u00e9 atrib\u00faty (zvierat\u00e1, rastliny, n\u00e1stroje) a stoja v hierarchickom usporiadan\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor v\u0161etk\u00fdch bohov n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00f3nu<\/span>.<\/p><p>Na iWell Guard je pojem boh vyhraden\u00fd pre vrchol danej n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie; ni\u017e\u0161ie postaven\u00e9 nadprirodzen\u00e9 bytosti s\u00fa klasifikovan\u00e9 ako d\u00e9moni, duchovia alebo sveteln\u00e9 bytosti. Pozri preh\u013ead <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157671\">Bohovia<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">D\u00e9mon<\/span>:<\/strong> Nadprirodzen\u00e1 bytos\u0165 postaven\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161ie ako bohovia, v \u00fa\u017e\u0161om religionistickom zmysle orientovan\u00e1 na \u0161kodu. Pojem pre\u0161iel v\u00fdznamov\u00fdm posunom: v gr\u00e9ckom <em>daimonion<\/em> bol p\u00f4vodne ambivalentn\u00fd alebo neutr\u00e1lny (takto sa naz\u00fdval aj Sokratov vn\u00fatorn\u00fd hlas), v kres\u0165anskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e1 n\u00e1uka o Bohu a viere n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gii<\/span> a jej prevzatej forme sa nabil v\u00fdlu\u010dne negat\u00edvne.<\/p><p>Pou\u017e\u00edvame pojem v modernom, vedecky be\u017enom zmysle, teda bytos\u0165 orientovan\u00fa na \u0161kodu, a v\u00fdznamov\u00e9 posuny v\u00fdslovne uv\u00e1dzame v jednotliv\u00fdch spracovaniach. Pozri preh\u013ead <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157573\">D\u00e9moni<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">Duch<\/span>:<\/strong> Bytos\u0165 sp\u00e4t\u00e1 so zosnul\u00fdmi, s pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi miestami alebo so sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami prechodu. Duchovia s\u00fa \u010dasto viazan\u00ed na miesto (prame\u0148, les, cintor\u00edn) alebo na \u010das (hodinov\u00ed duchovia). T\u00e1to trieda zah\u0155\u0148a jednak zjavenia zosnul\u00fdch (Yuurei, Edimmu, Preta), jednak pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 a element\u00e1rne bytosti (Rusalka, Kappa, Kobold). Pozri preh\u013ead <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157669\">Duchovia<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>Sveteln\u00e9 bytosti:<\/strong> Duchovn\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 postava z\u00e1padnej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00faborn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre u\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00fa skryt\u00e9 poznanie pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 len zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdm.\" tabindex=\"0\">ezoteriky<\/span>, teozofick\u00e9ho a new-age korpusu, archanjeli, vzost\u00fapen\u00ed majstri, vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00e9 bytosti. T\u00e1to trieda je z h\u013eadiska dej\u00edn n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva mlad\u00e1; star\u0161ie zlo\u017eky (\u017eidovsko-kres\u0165ansko-islamsk\u00e1 hierarchia archanjelov) s\u00fa spracovan\u00e9 s pln\u00fdm preh\u013eadom prame\u0148ov, nov\u0161ie zlo\u017eky (vzost\u00fapen\u00ed majstri) s v\u00fdslovn\u00fdm upozornen\u00edm na teozoficko-modern\u00fd p\u00f4vod. Pozri preh\u013ead <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157670\">Sveteln\u00e9 bytosti<\/a>.<\/p><div><h3>Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 defin\u00edcie tried bytost\u00ed<\/h3><p><strong>Vzost\u00fapen\u00ed majstri<\/strong>. S\u00faborn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie teozoficko-americkej trad\u00edcie pracovn\u00edkov svetla pre transcendentn\u00e9 u\u010dite\u013esk\u00e9 postavy, ktor\u00e9 boli v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed vypracovan\u00e9 ako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 trieda prostredn\u00edctvom Heleny Petrovny Blavatskej, Charlesa Webstera Leadbeatera, Guya Ballarda a Elizabeth Clare Prophet.<\/p><p>Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edmi predstavite\u013emi s\u00fa Saint Germain, El Morya, Kuthumi, Sananda, Maitreya. Historicky je t\u00e1to trieda modern\u00e1; sp\u00e1ja v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 predstavy o b\u00f3dhisattvoch so z\u00e1padnou n\u00e1ukou o anjeloch a hermetickou alch\u00fdmiou do vlastnej synt\u00e9zy.<\/p><p><strong>Archanjeli<\/strong>. V \u017eidovsko-kres\u0165ansko-islamskej trad\u00edcii najvy\u0161\u0161ia trieda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00e1 posolsk\u00e1 bytos\u0165 Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">anjelov<\/span> s vlastn\u00fdm menom. Kanonick\u00ed \u0161tyria s\u00fa Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel; vo v\u00fdchodnej ortodoxnej a koptskej trad\u00edcii sa po\u010d\u00edta so siedmimi archanjelmi (navy\u0161e Selaphiel, Jegudiel, Barachiel).<\/p><p>V \u017eidovskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd smer zameran\u00fd na bezprostredn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystike<\/span> vystupuje Metatron ako osobitn\u00e1 postava nad triedou archanjelov. V ritu\u00e1lno-magickej trad\u00edcii s\u00fa archanjeli prira\u010fovan\u00ed k \u0161tyrom svetov\u00fdm stran\u00e1m, pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie Zlat\u00e9ho \u00fasvitu Michael juh, Gabriel sever, Raphael v\u00fdchod, Uriel z\u00e1pad.<\/p><p><strong>Lwa a Orisha<\/strong>. Lwa s\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00e9<\/span> bytosti haitskej vod\u00fa trad\u00edcie, rozdelen\u00e9 do pante\u00f3nov Rada (chladn\u00ed, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci zo z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9ho kme\u0148a Fon) a Petro (hor\u00faci, kreolsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu). \u0160truktur\u00e1lne pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 s\u00fa Orisha z jorubskej trad\u00edcie z\u00e1padnej Afriky a ich afrobraz\u00edlska adapt\u00e1cia ako Orix\u00e1 v trad\u00edcii candombl\u00e9.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-s1 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"add-glossar-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"add-glossar-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podkateg\u00f3rie (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-s1-bw e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"add-glossar-s1-bw\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-t1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"add-glossar-t1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vysok\u00e9 bo\u017estva: najvy\u0161\u0161ie bohovia dan\u00e9ho pante\u00f3nu, Zeus v olympskom, Odin v germ\u00e1nskom, An v sumerskom, Re alebo Amun v egyptskom syst\u00e9me. Vysok\u00e9 bo\u017estva s\u00fa spravidla patriline\u00e1rne, sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 s nebesk\u00fdmi a hromov\u00fdmi atrib\u00fatmi, \u010dasto so stvorite\u013eskou alebo poriadkotvornou funkciou.<\/p><p>Bo\u017estva m\u0155tvych: vl\u00e1dcovia podsvetia, H\u00e1des, Osiris, Hel, Jama. Bo\u017estva m\u0155tvych s\u00fa z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska mimoriadne stabilnou kateg\u00f3riou; mnoh\u00e9 kult\u00fary rozli\u0161uj\u00fa medzi bo\u017estvom m\u0155tvych (s vlastnou vl\u00e1dou v podsvet\u00ed) a duchmi zosnul\u00fdch (samotn\u00fdmi zosnul\u00fdmi).<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estv\u00e1: str\u00e1\u017ecovia a ochrancovia os\u00f4b, miest, povolan\u00ed, Bes ako ochranca tehotn\u00fdch \u017eien v Egypte, Tych\u00e9\/Fortuna ako ochrann\u00e1 bohy\u0148a mesta v helenistickom a r\u00edmskom priestore, Inari ako ochrana pestovate\u013eov ry\u017ee v Japonsku.<\/p><p>Antibohovia: sily chaosu a protivn\u00edci, \u010dasto ako protip\u00f3l vo\u010di vysok\u00fdm bo\u017estv\u00e1m, Tiamat v babylonskom m\u00fdte o stvoren\u00ed, Apophis ako had\u00ed protivn\u00edk Reho, Loki v germ\u00e1nskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor tradovan\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3gii<\/span>, M\u00e1ra v buddhistickom korpuse.<\/p><p>Duchovia m\u0155tvych: duchovia zosnul\u00fdch, Edimmu (mezopot\u00e1mski), Y\u016brei (japonsk\u00ed), Preta (buddhistick\u00ed), Bans\u00ed (\u00edrski). T\u00e1to kateg\u00f3ria je medzikult\u00farne obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rozsiahlo zdokumentovan\u00e1.<\/p><p>Vodn\u00ed duchovia, lesn\u00ed duchovia, tvarovky: miestne viazan\u00ed pr\u00edrodn\u00ed duchovia. Vodn\u00ed duchovia s\u00fa \u010dasto \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu (Rusalka, morsk\u00e1 panna, Mami Wata), viazan\u00ed na prame\u0148, rieku alebo jazero. Lesn\u00ed duchovia s\u00fa z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v slovansk\u00fdch a germ\u00e1nskych trad\u00edci\u00e1ch (Leshy, lesn\u00e1 \u017eienka); tvarovky s\u00fa ako samostatn\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rozvinut\u00e9 v keltskej, japonskej a \u010d\u00ednskej trad\u00edcii.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00fd posol Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anjeli<\/span> a archanjeli: poslovia a hierarchick\u00e9 postavy judaisticko-kres\u0165ansko-islamskej trad\u00edcie; na iWell Guard s\u00fa uveden\u00ed pod sveteln\u00fdmi bytos\u0165ami, so \u0161tyrmi archanjelmi Michael, Gabriel, Rafael, Uriel a Metatronom ako centr\u00e1lnymi postavami.<\/p><div><h3>Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 podkateg\u00f3rie<\/h3><p><strong>Goetia<\/strong>. Trad\u00edcia ritu\u00e1lno-magick\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo vz\u00fdvacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvania<\/span> 72 d\u00e9monov z Lemegetonu (Mal\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010d Salomonov). Historicky ide o ranonovovek\u00fd eur\u00f3psky fenom\u00e9n so \u017eidovsko-apokryfn\u00fdmi, helenistick\u00fdmi a arabsk\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie ed\u00edcie s\u00fa Pseudomonarchia Daemonum (Weyer 1577), Discoverie of Witchcraft (Scot 1584), The Goetia (Mathers\/Crowley 1904) a The Lesser Key of Solomon (Peterson 2001). Podrobn\u00e9 spracovanie pon\u00faka str\u00e1nka <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157860\">\/goetia\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Vodou<\/strong>. Haitsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 synt\u00e9za zo z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed Fon a Yoruba s kreolsko-karibsk\u00fdmi prvkami, vzniknut\u00e1 v ranonovovekej diasp\u00f3re otroctva. \u0160truktur\u00e1lne pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 s\u00fa Santer\u00eda (Kuba), Candombl\u00e9 (Braz\u00edlia) a Lukum\u00ed (diasp\u00f3ra).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm akademick\u00fdm spracovan\u00edm je Maya Deren, <em>Divine Horsemen<\/em> (1953), Karen McCarthy Brown, <em>Mama Lola<\/em> (1991), Patrick Bellegarde-Smith, <em>Haiti and the Truth of Vodou<\/em> (2006). Podrobn\u00e9 spracovanie pon\u00faka str\u00e1nka <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157857\">\/vodou\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Goetia \/ Lemegeton<\/strong>. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9: Lemegeton ozna\u010duje cel\u00e9 zbierkov\u00e9 dielo piatich kn\u00edh (Goetia, Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, Ars Notoria); Goetia v u\u017e\u0161om zmysle ozna\u010duje len prv\u00fa \u010das\u0165. V popul\u00e1rnej recepcii sa oba pojmy \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa synonymne, \u010do je z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska nepresn\u00e9.<\/p><p><strong>Schemhamphorasch<\/strong>. V \u017eidovskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd smer zameran\u00fd na bezprostredn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s Bohom.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystike<\/span> 72-miestne meno Bo\u017eie, odvoden\u00e9 z troch ver\u0161ov Exodus 14,19 a 21 (ka\u017ed\u00fd ver\u0161 m\u00e1 72 p\u00edsmen). V stredovekej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Smer \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span> (Sefer Raziel HaMalach, Zohar) sa k 72 ver\u0161om prira\u010fuje 72 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00fd posol Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">anjelov<\/span>, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa v ritu\u00e1lno-magickej trad\u00edcii (Athanasius Kircher, Eliphas Levi, Golden Dawn) postaven\u00ed ako ochrann\u00e1 vrstva proti 72 goetick\u00fdm d\u00e9monom.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-s2 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"add-glossar-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-h2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"add-glossar-h2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktiky (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-s2-bw e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"add-glossar-s2-bw\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add-glossar-t2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"add-glossar-t2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Goetia: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Vz\u00fdvanie<\/span> 72 \u0160alam\u00fanov\u00fdch d\u00e9monov pod\u013ea ran\u00e9ho novovek\u00e9ho grimo\u00e1ra <em>Lemegeton<\/em>. Goetia je ritu\u00e1lno-magick\u00e1 prax, ktor\u00e1 z\u00edskala svoju dne\u0161n\u00fa podobu v 16.\/17. storo\u010d\u00ed; nadv\u00e4zuje na star\u0161ie \u017eidovsk\u00e9 a arabsk\u00e9 vzory. Podrobnej\u0161ie pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157860\">Goetia<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>Nekromancia:<\/strong> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Vz\u00fdvanie<\/span> m\u0155tvych na \u00fa\u010dely ve\u0161tenia alebo vy\u017eiadania si rady. T\u00e1to prax je dolo\u017een\u00e1 takmer vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch starovek\u00fdch stredomorsk\u00fdch kult\u00farach (\u0160aul a \u017eena z Endoru v 1. knihe Samuelovej, Odyseova nekromantick\u00e1 sc\u00e9na v Odysei), prech\u00e1dza stredovek\u00fdmi premenami a v ranom novoveku sa vedie v m\u00e1gii ako samostatn\u00e9 umenie.<\/p><p><strong>\u0160kodliv\u00e1 m\u00e1gia:<\/strong> \u013dudov\u00e1 magick\u00e1 prax s cie\u013eom u\u0161kodi\u0165 inej osobe. Predstavy s\u00fa takmer vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch kult\u00farach podobn\u00e9 (prekliatie, viazanie, prianie \u0161kody prostredn\u00edctvom sympatetickej praxe); pr\u00e1vno-historick\u00fd a soci\u00e1lno-historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 hustotne zdokumentovan\u00fd v eur\u00f3pskom komplexe procesov s \u010darodejnicami.<\/p><p><strong>Milostn\u00e1 m\u00e1gia:<\/strong> \u013dudov\u00e1 magick\u00e1 prax s cie\u013eom privies\u0165 in\u00fa osobu k l\u00e1ske alebo k pohlavn\u00e9mu styku. Aj tu s\u00fa praktiky naprie\u010d kult\u00farami podobn\u00e9 (n\u00e1poj, viazan\u00fd predmet, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvanie<\/span>). Pozri preh\u013ead <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157726\">Milostn\u00e1 m\u00e1gia<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157880\">Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza<\/a>:<\/strong> Kult\u00farne univerz\u00e1lny fyziologick\u00fd fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd sa v medi\u00e1lnom a \u013eudovom v\u00fdklade sp\u00e1ja so zjaveniami sukuba, inkuba alebo mory. Fenomenol\u00f3giu sprac\u00favame v jednotliv\u00fdch hesl\u00e1ch s v\u00fdslovn\u00fdm odkazom na sp\u00e1nkovo-medic\u00ednske vysvetlenie i na historick\u00fa v\u00fdkladov\u00fa trad\u00edciu. Pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157863\">Sukub<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157862\">Inkub<\/a>, Mora (v hesle <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157606\">Germ\u00e1nska trad\u00edcia<\/a>).<\/p><p><strong>Medi\u00e1lna inform\u00e1cia:<\/strong> Na iWell Guard ozna\u010denie pre obsahy vn\u00edmania, ktor\u00e9 nepoch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z historick\u00fdch prame\u0148ov, ale boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 medi\u00e1lne pracuj\u00facimi prakti\u010dkami. T\u00e1to inform\u00e1cia je v\u017edy transparentne ozna\u010den\u00e1 ako tak\u00e1 a nikdy sa nemie\u0161a s v\u00fdrokmi z prame\u0148ov. Pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157717\">Medi\u00e1lna inform\u00e1cia<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>Energetick\u00e1 diagnostika:<\/strong> Metodick\u00fd postup medi\u00e1lneho sk\u00famania osoby, miesta alebo predmetu. Met\u00f3du opisujeme v hesle <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157718\">Preverenie<\/a>; nie je pr\u00edrodovedecky overen\u00e1, ale v r\u00e1mci medi\u00e1lnej praxe ide o zaveden\u00fd n\u00e1stroj.<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00fd pr\u00edvesok: Prenosn\u00fd predmet na odvr\u00e1tenie \u0161kodliv\u00fdch vplyvov. Do tejto kateg\u00f3rie patr\u00ed aj iWell Guard; podobn\u00e9 predmety existuj\u00fa v mnoh\u00fdch kult\u00farach (pr\u00edvesok s Pazuzuom proti Lama\u0161tu v Mezopot\u00e1mii, amulety s okom proti urieknutiu v stredomorskom priestore, mezuza v \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcii). Pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157673\">O iWell Guard<\/a>.<\/p><p>Kozmick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00e9 pole: Na iWell Guard ozna\u010denie pre s\u00fahrn medi\u00e1lne vn\u00edmate\u013en\u00fdch s\u00favislost\u00ed medzi osobami, miestami a bytos\u0165ami. Pojem nem\u00e1 by\u0165 ch\u00e1pan\u00fd pr\u00edrodovedne-fyzik\u00e1lne, ale ako metodick\u00fd r\u00e1mec na zaradenie medi\u00e1lnych vnemov. Pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157716\">Kozmick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00e9 pole<\/a>.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax: S\u00fahrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre v\u0161etky \u010dinnosti, ktor\u00fdmi sa osoba chr\u00e1ni pred \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi vplyvmi, od nosenia pr\u00edvesku cez stanovovanie energetick\u00fdch hran\u00edc a\u017e po cielen\u00e9 vz\u00fdvanie ochrann\u00fdch bytost\u00ed. Ochrann\u00fa prax opisujeme metodicky a bez pr\u00eds\u013eubu lie\u010dby; sk\u00fasenosti uveden\u00e9 v sekcii <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157674\">Sk\u00fasenosti<\/a> dokumentuj\u00fa rozmanitos\u0165 jej pou\u017e\u00edvania.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">Vz\u00fdvanie<\/span>: Ritu\u00e1lna alebo meditat\u00edvna prax priameho oslovenia bytosti, \u010di u\u017e ide o boha, archanjela, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo rozporupln\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mona<\/span> alebo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span>. Vz\u00fdvania s\u00fa \u00fastredn\u00fdm prvkom takmer v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed i ritu\u00e1lno-magickej praxe. Opisujeme ich fenomenologicky, bez odpor\u00fa\u010dania \u010di hodnotenia, ich prax je vecou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho praktizuj\u00faceho.<\/p><p>Afirm\u00e1cia: Na iWell Guard ozna\u010denie pre jazykov\u00e9 sebapotvrdenie v r\u00e1mci ochrannej praxe (napr\u00edklad \u201eSom chr\u00e1nen\u00fd\/\u00e1&#8220;, \u201eSom nesen\u00fd\/\u00e1&#8220;). Pojem poch\u00e1dza z modernej psychol\u00f3gie a v medi\u00e1lnej praxi sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako n\u00e1stroj vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho zamerania. Pozri <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157866\">Afirm\u00e1cie<\/a>.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>V\u00fdberov\u00e1 bibliografia k Glos\u00e1ru:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Eliade, Mircea (Ed.)<\/strong>: <em>The Encyclopedia of Religion. Macmillan, New York 1987 (16 vols.).<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-size:0.9em;opacity:0.85\"><em>Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/em> Tento v\u00fdber sl\u00fa\u017ei na orient\u00e1ciu; podrobn\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky sa riadia vlastn\u00fdm, kur\u00e1torsky zostaven\u00fdm zoznamom prame\u0148ov.<\/p><\/div><\/footer>\n<h2 id=\"fachbegriffe-und-methoden\">Odborn\u00e9 pojmy a met\u00f3dy<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00e1to sekcia dop\u013a\u0148a glos\u00e1r tried bytost\u00ed o metodick\u00fd, n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fd a odborn\u00fd apar\u00e1t, s ktor\u00fdm pracuj\u00fa podrobn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky tejto webovej lokality. Hesl\u00e1 s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 pod\u013ea tematick\u00fdch okruhov. Kto si na podrobnej str\u00e1nke zobraz\u00ed niektor\u00fd pojem ako tooltip a chce si o \u0148om pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 viac, n\u00e1jde tu podrobn\u00e9 heslo s odkazmi na diela a kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"quellen-korpus\">Korpus prame\u0148ov<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Lemegeton<\/strong>. Lemegeton, tie\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00fd <em>Mal\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010d \u0160alam\u00fanov<\/em>, je zbierkov\u00fd rukopis ran\u00e9ho novovekej ritu\u00e1lno-magickej trad\u00edcie zo 17. storo\u010dia.<\/p><p>Obsahuje p\u00e4\u0165 kn\u00edh: <em>Goetia<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvanie<\/span> 72 d\u00e9monov), <em>Theurgia-Goetia<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvanie<\/span> sprostredkuj\u00facich duchov svetov\u00fdch str\u00e1n), <em>Ars Paulina<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00e1 posl\u00ed\u010dka Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">anjelsk\u00e1<\/span> m\u00e1gia pod\u013ea planet\u00e1rnych hod\u00edn), <em>Ars Almadel<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 alebo zakl\u00ednacie oslovenie bo\u017estva alebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdvanie<\/span> pri voskovej tabu\u013eke) a <em>Ars Notoria<\/em> (memorovacia prax, najstar\u0161ia vrstva z 13. storo\u010dia).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u0160tandardn\u00fdmi vydaniami s\u00fa Joseph Peterson, <em>The Lesser Key of Solomon<\/em> (Weiser, 2001), a Stephen Skinner \/ David Rankine, <em>The Goetia of Dr Rudd<\/em> (Golden Hoard Press, 2007). Podrobn\u00e9 spracovanie \u010dasti o Goetii n\u00e1jdete na <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157860\">\/goetia\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Pseudomonarchia Daemonum<\/strong>. Pr\u00edloha k hlavn\u00e9mu dielu Johanna Weyera <em>De praestigiis daemonum<\/em> (Bazilej, 1577). Najstar\u0161\u00ed systematick\u00fd zoznam 72 duchov, ktor\u00fd nesk\u00f4r pre\u0161iel do Lemegetonu.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Reginald Scot ho prelo\u017eil v roku 1584 do angli\u010dtiny vo svojom diele <em>Discoverie of Witchcraft<\/em>. Historick\u00fd v\u00fdskum (Owen Davies, <em>Grimoires<\/em>, Oxford 2009) vid\u00ed v Weyerovom zozname spojnicu medzi stredovekou klerik\u00e1lnou a ranou novovekou me\u0161tianskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00fdch \u00fakonov alebo form\u00fal sna\u017eia zasiahnu\u0165 do chodu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1giou<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157881\">Malleus Maleficarum<\/a> (<a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157881\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Malleus Maleficarum (1486\/87) od Heinricha Kramera; pr\u00edru\u010dka \u010darodejn\u00edckych procesov s pribli\u017ene 28 vydaniami do roku 1669.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">Kladivo na \u010darodejnice<\/a>)<\/strong>. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ia pr\u00edru\u010dka ran\u00e9ho novovek\u00e9ho prenasledovania \u010darodejn\u00edc, nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v roku 1487 Heinrichom Kramerom (Institorisom) a Jakobom Sprengerom. M\u00e1 tri \u010dasti: teoretick\u00e9 zd\u00f4vodnenie \u010darodejn\u00edctva, praktick\u00e9 inkvizi\u010dn\u00e9 pokyny a syst\u00e9m trestov.<\/p><p>Historick\u00fd v\u00fdskum (Wolfgang Behringer, Brian Levack) podrobne zmapoval vplyv tohto diela na stredov\u00fdchodoeur\u00f3pske prenasledovania. Pre teol\u00f3giu sukuba a inkuba ide o k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd prame\u0148ov\u00fd text.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Sefer Jecira<\/strong>. Kr\u00e1tke mystick\u00e9 dielo \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcie, vzniknut\u00e9 pravdepodobne medzi 2. a 6. storo\u010d\u00edm n. l. Pova\u017euje sa za z\u00e1kladn\u00fd text <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabaly<\/span> a zav\u00e1dza u\u010denie o 22 hebrejsk\u00fdch p\u00edsmen\u00e1ch a 10 sefirotoch. Ariel Bension, Aryeh Kaplan a Gershom Scholem ho prelo\u017eili a okomentovali do modern\u00fdch jazykov.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>J\u00e1nov apokryf<\/strong>. Gnostick\u00fd text z kni\u017enice v Nag Hammad\u00ed (K\u00f3dex II,1, K\u00f3dex III,1, K\u00f3dex IV,1, Berl\u00ednsky k\u00f3dex 8502). Vznikol pravdepodobne v 2. storo\u010d\u00ed n. l. Najpodrobnej\u0161ie zobrazenie gnostickej archontskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vedeck\u00e9 u\u010denie o Bohu a o viere n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">teol\u00f3gie<\/span> a postavy Jaldaba\u00f3ta.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Vydanie: <em>Nag Hammadi Deutsch<\/em> (Schenke \/ Bethge \/ Kaiser, 2 zv\u00e4zky, de Gruyter, 2001, 2003). Spracovanie n\u00e1uky o archontoch na z\u00e1klade tohto textu n\u00e1jdete na <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157688\">\/archonten\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Garuda Pur\u00e1na<\/strong>. Hinduistick\u00e1 pur\u00e1na z 8. 10. storo\u010dia. Pova\u017euje sa za \u00fastredn\u00fd text pre topografiu z\u00e1hrobia, jamad\u00fatov a karmick\u00fd syst\u00e9m pekiel. Recituje sa v hinduistickej ritu\u00e1lnej praxi po\u010das umierania. \u0160tandardn\u00fd preklad: Ernest Wood \/ S. V. Subrahmanyam, <em>Garuda Purana<\/em> (Sacred Books of the Hindus, 1911).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Atharvav\u00e9da<\/strong>. \u0160tvrt\u00e1 v\u00e9da, cca 1000 pred n. l. Najstar\u0161ia systematick\u00e1 zbierka ochrann\u00fdch a zakl\u00ednac\u00edch textov indickej trad\u00edcie. Obsahuje ochrann\u00e9 mantry, lie\u010div\u00e9 formuly a ritu\u00e1ly proti chorobn\u00fdm d\u00e9monom. Maurice Bloomfield (<em>Hymns of the Atharva Veda<\/em>, 1897) a Klaus Mylius (<em>Geschichte der Literatur im alten Indien<\/em>, 1983) s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi referenciami.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>S\u00e1ga o \u013eu\u010foch z Eyru (Eyrbyggja saga)<\/strong>. Islandsk\u00e1 s\u00e1ga z 13. storo\u010dia. Jeden z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch prame\u0148ov k trad\u00edcii draugrov s podrobn\u00fdmi epiz\u00f3dami o vracaj\u00facich sa m\u0155tvych. S\u00e1ga rozpr\u00e1va o rodinn\u00fdch konfliktoch na polostrove Sn\u00e6fellsnes v 10. storo\u010d\u00ed a opisuje viacero pr\u00edpadov vracaj\u00facich sa m\u0155tvych, ktor\u00e9 bolo potrebn\u00e9 ukon\u010di\u0165 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriaci k stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu obradn\u00e9mu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lne<\/span> alebo s\u00fadne.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Konjaku Monogatari<\/strong>. Japonsk\u00e1 zbierka pr\u00edbehov z 12. storo\u010dia (1120, 1140). Vy\u0161e 1000 rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed z indicko-budhistickej, \u010d\u00ednskej a japonskej trad\u00edcie. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd ran\u00fd prame\u0148 pre klasifik\u00e1ciu tengu, jurei a jokai. \u0160tandardn\u00fd preklad do nem\u010diny vyhotovil Klaus M\u00fcller (Iudicium, 2001).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, Mi\u0161na, Zohar<\/strong>. Tri vrstvy \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcie. <em>Mi\u0161na<\/em> (redigovan\u00e1 okolo roku 200 n. l. Jehudom ha-Nasim) je najstar\u0161ou kodifik\u00e1ciou \u00fastnej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u00e4\u0165 kn\u00edh Moj\u017ei\u0161ov\u00fdch, z\u00e1kladn\u00fd s\u00fabor spisov judaizmu.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f3ry<\/span>. <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span><\/em> v babylonskej a jeruzalemskej verzii ju dop\u013a\u0148a o v\u00fdklady gemara (4. 6. storo\u010die).<\/p><p><em>Zohar<\/em> (13. storo\u010die, \u0160panielsko, pripisovan\u00fd Moj\u017ei\u0161ovi de Le\u00f3novi) je hlavn\u00fdm dielom stredovekej \u017eidovskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd pr\u00fad zameran\u00fd na bezprostredn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s Bohom.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystiky<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"schluesselbegriffe-fachsprache\">K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy odbornej terminol\u00f3gie<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157879\">Teurgia<\/a><\/strong>. Vy\u0161\u0161ia ritu\u00e1lno-magick\u00e1 prax spojenia s bohmi alebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi duchmi. Iamblichos ju vo svojom diele <em>De mysteriis<\/em> (okolo 300 n. l.) postavil do protikladu vo\u010di ni\u017e\u0161ej <em>Goetii<\/em>. <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157879\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Vy\u0161\u0161ia ritu\u00e1lno-magick\u00e1 prax spojenia s bohmi alebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi duchmi; v novoplatonizme (Iamblichos) protipojem k ni\u017e\u0161ej goetii.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">Teurgia<\/a> pracuje s vz\u00fdvacimi formulami, ritu\u00e1lnou \u010distotou a u\u010den\u00edm o stup\u0148och vzostupu. V renesancii ju znovu prijal Marsilio Ficino a v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed R\u00e1d Zlat\u00e9ho \u00fasvitu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157870\">Sigila<\/a><\/strong>. Magick\u00fd znak, ktor\u00fd graficky zhus\u0165uje ducha, z\u00e1mer alebo energiu.<\/p><p>Najstar\u0161\u00ed doklad: \u017eidovsk\u00e1 hekhalotsk\u00e1 literat\u00fara, nesk\u00f4r rozpracovan\u00e1 v stredovekej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00e1 posl\u00ed\u010dka Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">anjelskej<\/span> m\u00e1gii. V lemegetonskej trad\u00edcii m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd zo 72 duchov vlastn\u00fa <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157870\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Magick\u00fd znak, ktor\u00fd graficky zhus\u0165uje ducha alebo z\u00e1mer; \u00fastredn\u00fd v Goetii, Spareovej trad\u00edcii a chaos-m\u00e1gii.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">sigilu<\/a>; v chaos-m\u00e1gii pod\u013ea Sparea a Carrolla sa met\u00f3da sig\u00edl pou\u017e\u00edva ako vedom\u00e9 kanalizovanie prian\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>\u0160em ha-Mefora\u0161<\/em>. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabale<\/span> 72-miestne Bo\u017eie meno, z\u00edskan\u00e9 z troch ver\u0161ov Exodus 14,19, 21 (ka\u017ed\u00fd ver\u0161 m\u00e1 72 p\u00edsmen).<\/p><p>V stredovekej \u017eidovskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd pr\u00fad zameran\u00fd na bezprostredn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s Bohom.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystike<\/span> sa 72 ver\u0161om prira\u010fuje 72 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00e1 posl\u00ed\u010dka Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">anjelov<\/span> (Sefer Raziel HaMalach), ktor\u00ed s\u00fa n\u00e1sledne postaven\u00ed ako ochrann\u00e1 vrstva proti 72 goetick\u00fdm d\u00e9monom. T\u00e1to kon\u0161tel\u00e1cia je historicky sekund\u00e1rnou synt\u00e9zou, no v trad\u00edcii sveteln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov je zaveden\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Tetragrammaton, sefiroty, klipoty<\/strong>. Tri k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy \u017eidovskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd pr\u00fad zameran\u00fd na bezprostredn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s Bohom.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystiky<\/span>. <em>Tetragrammaton<\/em> JHVH je posv\u00e4tn\u00e9 \u0161tvorp\u00edsmenov\u00e9 meno Boha. Desa\u0165 <em>sefirot<\/em> tvor\u00ed kabalistick\u00fd strom \u017eivota, od Keteru (koruny) po Malchut (kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo). <em>Klipoty<\/em> (\u0161upky) luri\u00e1nskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabaly<\/span> s\u00fa prejavmi zne\u010distenej energie, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 oslobodi\u0165 v praxi tikkun.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Apofatika<\/strong>. Teologick\u00fd sp\u00f4sob re\u010di, ktor\u00fd opisuje Boha alebo Absol\u00fatno len prostredn\u00edctvom neg\u00e1cie (\u201eBoh nie je Otec v \u013eudskom zmysle&#8220;). Klasicky u Pseudo-Dion\u00fdza Areopagitu (<em>De mystica theologia<\/em>), v nemeckej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd pr\u00fad zameran\u00fd na bezprostredn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s Bohom.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystike<\/span> Majstra Eckharta a v \u017eidovskej apofatike Maimonida. Pojem je n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofenomenologicky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, preto\u017ee pomen\u00fava cel\u00fa teologick\u00fa met\u00f3du.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Splynutie predst\u00e1v alebo bo\u017estiev z r\u00f4znych n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Synkretizmus<\/span><\/strong>. Splynutie prvkov r\u00f4znych n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev alebo kultov do nov\u00fdch zmie\u0161an\u00fdch foriem. Klasick\u00e9 pr\u00edklady: haitsk\u00fd vod\u00fa (loa a katol\u00edcki sv\u00e4t\u00ed), latinskoamerick\u00fd mari\u00e1nsky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakonov \u00facty vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> s azt\u00e9ckou vrstvou Tonantzin, japonsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia \u0161inbucu-\u0161ug\u00f3 s dvojitou budhistickou a \u0161intoistickou vrstvou. N\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistoricky neutr\u00e1lny pojem, netreba ho zamie\u0148a\u0165 s eklekticizmom.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157880\">Sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 paral\u00fdza<\/a><\/strong>. Stav vn\u00edmania, pri ktorom sa vedomie preb\u00fadza, no telo je pre REM-at\u00f3niu e\u0161te ochrnut\u00e9. Kult\u00farnohistoricky sa sp\u00e1ja so sukubom, inkubom, morou, alpom a fenom\u00e9nom \u201estarej bosorky&#8220; (Old Hag).<\/p><p>David Hufford v diele <em>The Terror that Comes in the Night<\/em> (1982) zdokumentoval fenomenologick\u00fa st\u00e1los\u0165 naprie\u010d kult\u00farami; Owen Davies (<em>Paranormal<\/em>, 2009) spracoval folkloristick\u00fd kontext pre anglicky hovoriaci priestor.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Aretal\u00f3gia<\/strong>. Antick\u00fd chv\u00e1lospevn\u00fd text, ktor\u00fd vymen\u00fava v\u00fdkony a z\u00e1zraky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>. Zaveden\u00e1 ako forma vz\u00fdvania v helenistick\u00fdch magick\u00fdch papyroch. \u0160truktur\u00e1lne ka\u017ed\u00e1 aretal\u00f3gia predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee hovoriaci presne pozn\u00e1 funkcie dan\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>; je teda v\u00fdu\u010dbov\u00fdm textom s ritu\u00e1lnou funkciou.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Liminalita, limin\u00e1lna f\u00e1za<\/strong>. Pojem antropol\u00f3gie (Arnold van Gennep, <em>Les rites de passage<\/em>, 1909; Victor Turner, <em>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lny<\/span> Process<\/em>, 1969). Ozna\u010duje prahov\u00fa f\u00e1zu prechodu medzi dvomi stavmi, napr\u00edklad medzi \u017eivotom a smr\u0165ou, bden\u00edm a snom, detstvom a dospelos\u0165ou. Historicky relevantn\u00fd pre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1lny prechod, ktor\u00fdm je niekto prijat\u00fd do nov\u00e9ho postavenia alebo spolo\u010denstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">inici\u00e1ciu<\/span>, pohreb, \u0161amansk\u00fd tanec.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Soteriol\u00f3gia<\/strong>. N\u00e1uka o sp\u00e1se alebo osloboden\u00ed du\u0161e. V kres\u0165anskej trad\u00edcii sp\u00e1sa skrze Kristovu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obe\u0165<\/span>; v budhistickej trad\u00edcii oslobodenie zo sams\u00e1ry osvieten\u00edm; v hinduistickej trad\u00edcii m\u00f3k\u0161a skrze poznanie (d\u017e\u0148\u00e1na), oddanos\u0165 (bhakti) alebo skutky (karma). Soteriologick\u00e9 v\u00fdroky obsahuj\u00fa tvrdenia o kone\u010dnom cieli existencie.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"personen-religionswissenschaft\">Osobnosti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Veda, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1vac\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom a bez vyznaniovej viazanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiky<\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Mircea Eliade (1907, 1986)<\/strong>. Rumunsko-americk\u00fd religionista. Hlavn\u00e9 diela: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v ktorom s\u00fa so svetom duchov v styku \u0161pecialisti.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0160amanizmus<\/span> a archaick\u00e9 techniky ext\u00e1zy<\/em> (1951), <em>Posv\u00e4tn\u00e9 a prof\u00e1nne<\/em> (1949), <em>Dejiny n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch predst\u00e1v<\/em> (4 zv\u00e4zky, 1976, 1991). Eliade formoval religionisticko-fenomenologick\u00fa met\u00f3du s k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi pojmami ako hierof\u00e1nia, axis mundi, illud tempus. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je kriticky prehodnocovan\u00fd pre svoje politicko-fa\u0161istick\u00e9 v\u00e4zby v 30. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Walter Burkert (1931, 2015)<\/strong>. Nemeck\u00fd religionista a klasick\u00fd filol\u00f3g. Hlavn\u00e9 diela: <em>Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche<\/em> (Kohlhammer, 1977), <em>Homo Necans<\/em> (1972), <em>Anthropologie des religi\u00f6sen Opfers<\/em> (1984). \u0160tandardn\u00e1 referencia pre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Obdobie gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene 800 pred n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antick\u00fa<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn tradovan\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed o bohoch danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytol\u00f3giu<\/span> a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo v nemeckom jazyku.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Carl Gustav Jung (1875, 1961)<\/strong>. \u0160vaj\u010diarsky h\u013abkov\u00fd psychol\u00f3g, zakladate\u013e analytickej psychol\u00f3gie. Hlavn\u00e9 diela k archetypom (<em>\u00dcber die Archetypen des kollektiven Unbewussten<\/em>, 1934), tie\u0148u (<em>Aion<\/em>, 1951), individu\u00e1cii a synchronicite. Na\u010falej smerodajn\u00e1 referencia pre religionisticko-fenomenologick\u00fd v\u00fdklad snov, v\u00edzi\u00ed a m\u00e9dijn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Wouter Hanegraaff (nar. 1961)<\/strong>. Holandsk\u00fd b\u00e1date\u013e v oblasti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre u\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00fa skryt\u00e9 poznanie pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 len zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdm.\" tabindex=\"0\">ezoteriky<\/span>, ved\u00faci katedry \u201eHistory of Hermetic Philosophy and Related Currents&#8220; na Amsterdamskej univerzite. Hlavn\u00e9 diela: <em>New Age Religion and Western Culture<\/em> (Brill, 1996), <em>Esotericism and the Academy<\/em> (Cambridge UP, 2012). Spoluzakladate\u013e ESSWE (European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Helena Petrovna Blavatsk\u00e1 (1831, 1891)<\/strong>. Rusko-americk\u00e1 ezoteri\u010dka, spoluzakladate\u013eka Teozofickej spolo\u010dnosti (New York, 1875). Hlavn\u00e9 diela: <em>Isis Unveiled<\/em> (1877), <em>The Secret Doctrine<\/em> (1888). Zakladate\u013eka modernej teozoficko-ezoterickej synt\u00e9zy z v\u00fdchodnej m\u00fadrosti, <a class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157884\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"U\u010denie a prax komunik\u00e1cie so zosnul\u00fdmi prostredn\u00edctvom m\u00e9di\u00ed; vzniklo v roku 1848 v Hydesville\/USA, kodifikoval ho Allan Kardec.\" style=\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none\">spiritizmu<\/a> a z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Zaoberanie sa skryt\u00fdmi silami a praktikami mimo uzn\u00e1vanej vedy.\" tabindex=\"0\">okultizmu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Aleister Crowley (1875, 1947)<\/strong>. Britsk\u00fd m\u00e1g, spisovate\u013e a horolezec. Zakladate\u013e thelemitskej trad\u00edcie (<em>Liber AL vel Legis<\/em>, 1904) a vydavate\u013e anglick\u00e9ho vydania Goetie (1904, spolu s Mathersom). Ve\u013emi kontroverzn\u00e1 postava z\u00e1padnej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre u\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00fa skryt\u00e9 poznanie pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 len zasv\u00e4ten\u00fdm.\" tabindex=\"0\">ezoteriky<\/span>, so spornou osobnos\u0165ou a ve\u013ek\u00fdm vplyvom na neskor\u0161iu ritu\u00e1lno-magick\u00fa trad\u00edciu.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Jeffrey Burton Russell (nar. 1934)<\/strong>. Americk\u00fd historik n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva. \u0160tvorzv\u00e4zkov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia o dejin\u00e1ch diabla: <em>The Devil. Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity<\/em> (1977), <em>Satan. The Early Christian Tradition<\/em> (1981), <em>Lucifer. The Devil in the Middle Ages<\/em> (1984), <em>Mephistopheles. The Devil in the Modern World<\/em> (1986). Smerodajn\u00e9 spracovanie kres\u0165anskej d\u00e9monol\u00f3gie.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Annemarie Schimmelov\u00e1 (1922, 2003)<\/strong>. Nemeck\u00e1 islamologi\u010dka. Hlavn\u00e9 dielo: <em>Mystick\u00e9 dimenzie islamu<\/em> (Diederichs, 1985, nemeck\u00fd preklad diela <em>Mystical Dimensions of Islam<\/em>, 1975). Popredn\u00e1 b\u00e1date\u013eka sufizmu v nemeckom jazykovom priestore, s dlhoro\u010dnou pedagogickou \u010dinnos\u0165ou v Bonne a na Harvarde.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Janagita Kunio (1875, 1962)<\/strong>. Japonsk\u00fd folklorista, zakladate\u013e modernej japonskej folkloristiky (<em>minzokugaku<\/em>). Hlavn\u00e9 dielo: <em>Tono Monogatari<\/em> (1910), zbierka \u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed z regi\u00f3nu Tono. Klasifik\u00e1tor jokai trad\u00edcie so \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi dielami o region\u00e1lnom v\u00fdskyte kappy, tengu, jurei a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch bytost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Lafcadio Hearn (1850, 1904)<\/strong>. \u00cdrsko-americk\u00fd spisovate\u013e, od roku 1890 usaden\u00fd v Japonsku. Zbieral a liter\u00e1rne spracoval japonsk\u00e9 stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy v diele <em>Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things<\/em> (1904). V\u00fdrazne formoval z\u00e1padn\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie jukionny, jurei a japonskej stra\u0161idelnej estetiky.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"esoterische-schulen\">Ezoterick\u00e9 \u0161koly a pr\u00fady<\/h3>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Teozofick\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165<\/strong>. Zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roku 1875 v New Yorku Helenou Petrovnou Blavatskou, Henrym Steelom Olcottom a Williamom Quanom Judgeom. Tri deklarovan\u00e9 ciele: vytvorenie jadra univerz\u00e1lneho bratstva, \u0161t\u00fadium porovn\u00e1vacieho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva a filozofie, sk\u00famanie nevysvetlen\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch z\u00e1konov a latentn\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch s\u00edl.<\/span><\/p><p>Akt\u00edvna dodnes, so sekciami po celom svete, najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie s\u00eddlo v Adyare (India). N\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistoricky rozhoduj\u00faca pre sprostredkovanie v\u00fdchodn\u00fdch m\u00fadrostn\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed na Z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Zlat\u00fd \u00fasvit (Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn)<\/strong>. Tajn\u00fd r\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd v roku 1887\/88 v Lond\u00fdne Samuelom Liddellom MacGregorom Mathersom, Williamom Wynnom Westcottom a Williamom Robertom Woodmanom. Integroval <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabalu<\/span>, enochi\u00e1nsku <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00fdch \u00fakonov alebo form\u00fal sna\u017eia zasiahnu\u0165 do chodu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1giu<\/span> Johna Deeho, tarot, egyptsk\u00e9 myst\u00e9ri\u00e1 a alch\u00fdmiu do komplexn\u00e9ho inicia\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>K \u010dlenom patrili okrem in\u00fdch William Butler Yeats, Arthur Machen, Aleister Crowley a Dion Fortune. Napriek skor\u00fdm rozkolom (1900) zost\u00e1va Zlat\u00fd \u00fasvit najvplyvnej\u0161ou ritu\u00e1lno-magickou \u0161kolou 20. storo\u010dia.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Chaos-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00fdch \u00fakonov alebo form\u00fal sna\u017eia zasiahnu\u0165 do chodu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gia<\/span><\/strong>. Britsk\u00fd pr\u00fad z konca 70. rokov 20. storo\u010dia, zalo\u017een\u00fd Peterom Carrollom a Rayom Sherwinom. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 texty: Carroll, <em>Liber Null<\/em> (1978) a <em>Psychonaut<\/em> (1982).<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Metodicky je radik\u00e1lne pluralistick\u00e1: praktizuj\u00faci vedome prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa medzi paradigmami a pracuj\u00fa so sigilami, serv\u00edtormi, invok\u00e1ciou a zmenou presved\u010denia (belief shifting). Predchodcom je sigilov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praktiky, ktor\u00e9 sa prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00fdch \u00fakonov alebo form\u00fal sna\u017eia zasiahnu\u0165 do chodu vec\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00e1gia<\/span> Austina Osmana Sparea (1886, 1956). Organiz\u00e1cia: <em>Illuminates of Thanateros<\/em> (IOT, 1978).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Vad\u017eraj\u00e1na a mah\u00e1j\u00e1na<\/strong>. Dva z troch hlavn\u00fdch pr\u00fadov budhizmu. <em>Mah\u00e1j\u00e1na<\/em> (Ve\u013ek\u00fd voz) vznikla od 1. storo\u010dia pred n. l. s ide\u00e1lom b\u00f3dhisattvu a rozpracovanou filozofickou reflexiou (madhjamaka, j\u00f3ga\u010d\u00e1ra).<\/p><p><em>Vad\u017eraj\u00e1na<\/em> (Diamantov\u00fd voz) je tantrick\u00e1 forma, prim\u00e1rne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 v Tibete, s praxou jidamov, technikou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Posv\u00e4tn\u00e1 slabika alebo formula, ktor\u00e1 sa v hinduizme a budhizme opakovane vyslovuje.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantry<\/span> a u\u010den\u00edm o \u0161tyroch triedach tantier. Padmasambhava (8. storo\u010die) sa pova\u017euje za sprostredkovate\u013ea vad\u017eraj\u00e1ny do Tibetu.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>B\u00f6n<\/strong>. Predbudhistick\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia Tibetu. Pracuje s klasifik\u00e1ciou tsen, njen, lu, d\u00fc ako hierarchiou bytost\u00ed ne\u010dloveck\u00e9ho sveta. V 7. 11. storo\u010d\u00ed bola \u010diasto\u010dne prekryt\u00e1 budhizmom, \u010diasto\u010dne v\u0161ak pokra\u010dovala ako samostatn\u00e1 trad\u00edcia. Dnes je in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 ako \u201ejungdrung b\u00f6n&#8220; a m\u00e1 vlastn\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Sufizmus<\/strong>. Mystick\u00fd pr\u00fad islamu. Pracuje s <em>zikrom<\/em> (spom\u00ednanie na Boha), <em>sama<\/em> (po\u010d\u00favanie hudby) a u\u010den\u00edm o ceste \u017eiaka pod veden\u00edm <em>\u0161ejcha<\/em>. Hlavn\u00e9 diela: R\u00fam\u00ed (<em>Mathnawi<\/em>, 13. storo\u010die), Ibn Arab\u00ed (<em>Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya<\/em>, 13. storo\u010die), al-Hall\u00e1d\u017e. Annemarie Schimmelov\u00e1 spr\u00edstupnila t\u00fato trad\u00edciu rozhoduj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom pre nemecky hovoriaci priestor.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157883\">Gn\u00f3za<\/a> a novoplatonizmus<\/strong>. Dva <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prechodn\u00e9 obdobie medzi antikou a stredovekom, pribli\u017ene 3. a\u017e 7. storo\u010die.\" tabindex=\"0\">neskoroantick\u00e9<\/span> filozoficko-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00fady, ktor\u00e9 existovali s\u00fabe\u017ene v 2. a 3. storo\u010d\u00ed n. l. a navz\u00e1jom sa ovplyv\u0148ovali.<\/p><p><em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Neskoroantick\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd pr\u00fad, ktor\u00fd u\u010dil o sp\u00e1se prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1sonosn\u00e9ho poznania.\" tabindex=\"0\">Gn\u00f3za<\/span><\/em> (najm\u00e4 v seti\u00e1nskej a valentini\u00e1nskej \u0161kole) u\u010d\u00ed dualistick\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o stavbe a usporiadan\u00ed sveta v r\u00e1mci danej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3giu<\/span> s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi archontmi a oslobodzuj\u00facim poznan\u00edm (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Neskoroantick\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd pr\u00fad, ktor\u00fd u\u010dil o sp\u00e1se prostredn\u00edctvom osobitn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1sonosn\u00e9ho poznania.\" tabindex=\"0\">gn\u00f3za<\/span>). <em>Novoplatonizmus<\/em> (Plotinos, Iamblichos, Proklos) u\u010d\u00ed odstup\u0148ovan\u00fa eman\u00e1ciu z Jedn\u00e9ho a integruje teurgick\u00fa prax ako met\u00f3du vzostupu.<\/p>\n\n<hr \/>\n\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u010eal\u0161ie \u0161tandardn\u00e9 diela v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157722\">Zozname literat\u00fary<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3414,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"glosar","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Glos\u00e1r \u2013 pojmy z tried bytost\u00ed a prakt\u00edk","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Glos\u00e1r k iWell Guard: triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie a magick\u00e9 praktiky preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9, od goetie po sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa paral\u00fdzu, s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-157721","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Glos\u00e1r \u2013 pojmy z tried bytost\u00ed a prakt\u00edk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Glos\u00e1r k iWell Guard: triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie a magick\u00e9 praktiky preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9, od goetie po sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa paral\u00fdzu, s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glos\u00e1r\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Glos\u00e1r k iWell Guard: triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie a magick\u00e9 praktiky preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9, od goetie po sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa paral\u00fdzu, s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-04T22:40:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/\",\"name\":\"Glos\u00e1r \u2013 pojmy z tried bytost\u00ed a prakt\u00edk\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/service_glossar.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-04T22:16:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T22:40:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"Glos\u00e1r k iWell Guard: triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie a magick\u00e9 praktiky preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9, od goetie po sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa paral\u00fdzu, s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/service_glossar.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/service_glossar.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/glosar\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/?page_id=157572\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Glos\u00e1r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Glos\u00e1r \u2013 pojmy z tried bytost\u00ed a prakt\u00edk","description":"Glos\u00e1r k iWell Guard: triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie a magick\u00e9 praktiky preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9, od goetie po sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa paral\u00fdzu, s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Glos\u00e1r","og_description":"Glos\u00e1r k iWell Guard: triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie a magick\u00e9 praktiky preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9, od goetie po sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa paral\u00fdzu, s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-04T22:40:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/","name":"Glos\u00e1r \u2013 pojmy z tried bytost\u00ed a prakt\u00edk","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-04T22:16:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T22:40:39+00:00","description":"Glos\u00e1r k iWell Guard: triedy bytost\u00ed, podkateg\u00f3rie a magick\u00e9 praktiky preh\u013eadne vysvetlen\u00e9, od goetie po sp\u00e1nkov\u00fa paral\u00fdzu, s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi odkazmi.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/service_glossar.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/glosar\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157572"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Glos\u00e1r"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157721"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157721\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}