{"id":157661,"date":"2026-09-04T22:16:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157661"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:39:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:39:00","slug":"gwishin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/","title":{"rendered":"Gwishin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157661\" class=\"elementor elementor-157661 elementor-1331\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, duch k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcie<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcie.<\/p><p>Duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii, n\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Netelesn\u00e1 alebo poltelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, zosnul\u00ed, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 bytosti, dom\u00e1ci duchovia alebo str\u00e1\u017ecovia prahov. P\u00f4sob\u00ed v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote, \u010dasto viazan\u00fd na miesta alebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157651\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd svet bohov, \u0161amanov a \u013eudov\u00fdch duchov.\">K\u00f3rea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159989\" alt=\"Gwishin \u2013 duchovia z k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwishin (\uadc0\uc2e0, \u9b3c\u795e) je k\u00f3rejsk\u00fd s\u00fahrnn\u00fd pojem pre duchov zosnul\u00fdch. Doslova znamen\u00e1 \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>\u201c, v dne\u0161nom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed v\u0161ak do popredia vystupuj\u00fa duchovia zosnul\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Gwishin s\u00fa \u013eudia, ktor\u00fdch du\u0161e po smrti nena\u0161li riadnu cestu na druh\u00fd svet, bu\u010f pre nevyrie\u0161en\u00fa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165, nepotrestan\u00fa krivdu, ch\u00fdbaj\u00faci pohreb, alebo pre neuskuto\u010dnen\u00e9 obrady k predkom (<em>jesa<\/em>).<\/p><p>Klasick\u00fdm zjaven\u00edm je \u017eena v bielom sm\u00fato\u010dnom odeve (<em>sobok<\/em>) s dlh\u00fdmi \u010diernymi vlasmi zakr\u00fdvaj\u00facimi tv\u00e1r. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> je ikonograficky bl\u00edzko pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd japonskej Y\u016brei, m\u00e1 v\u0161ak vlastn\u00fd, konfuci\u00e1nsky ovplyvnen\u00fd p\u00f4vod.<\/p><div><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed cez gener\u00e1cie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tradovanie<\/span> z \u010dias Joseon<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>P\u00edsomn\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia pr\u00edpadov Gwishin sa hromadila po\u010das dynastie Joseon (1392 \u2013 1897). Zbierky <em>yadam<\/em> (\u00fastne podania) a <em>paesol<\/em> (anekdoty) boli systematicky zaznamen\u00e1van\u00e9 od 15. storo\u010dia. Tieto texty rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa o Gwishin, ktor\u00fdch vn\u00edmali svedkovia.<\/span><\/p><p>Od eur\u00f3pskych spr\u00e1v o duchoch sa l\u00ed\u0161ia t\u00fdm, \u017ee Gwishin nezobrazuj\u00fa ako auton\u00f3mnu zl\u00fa silu, ale ako z\u00fafal\u00fa osobu, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduje pozornos\u0165. Konfucianiz\u00e1cia spolo\u010dnosti od 16. storo\u010dia tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> e\u0161te zosilnila: zosnul\u00fd bez riadnych obradov k predkom bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za mor\u00e1lne straten\u00fd a nemohol odpo\u010d\u00edva\u0165 v pokoji.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00fdchly preh\u013ead: Gwishin<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> duch zosnul\u00e9ho<br>P\u00f4vod: m\u0155tvi \u013eudia s nevyrie\u0161enou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou<br>Texty: Samguk Yusa, zbierky yadam z \u010dias Joseon, \u0161amansk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1lne texty<br>Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010d: nepotrestan\u00e1 krivda, neuskuto\u010dnen\u00e9 obrady k predkom, n\u00e1siln\u00e1 smr\u0165<br>Ochrana: jesa, \u0161amansk\u00fd obrad gut, budhistick\u00e9 obrady za zosnul\u00fdch<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontext<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Predstava nepokojn\u00fdch duchov zosnul\u00fdch je v K\u00f3rei pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 od najstar\u0161\u00edch p\u00edsomn\u00fdch prame\u0148ov. V diele Samguk Yusa (okolo 1281) sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa epiz\u00f3dy o vracaj\u00facich sa mrtvych. S upev\u0148ovan\u00edm konfucianizmu v obdob\u00ed Joseon (1392 \u2013 1910) sa do popredia dost\u00e1va <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> zosnul\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd je nepokojn\u00fd pre neuskuto\u010dnen\u00e9 obrady k predkom.<\/p><p>Zbierky <em>yadam<\/em> a <em>paesol<\/em> z \u010dias Joseon obsahuj\u00fa nespo\u010detn\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy o Gwishin, ktor\u00e9 boli zap\u00edsan\u00e9 v p\u00edsomnej forme v 19. \u2013 20. storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pr\u00edbehy o Gwishin s\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch K\u00f3rey. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 bohat\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1va\u010dsk\u00e9 trad\u00edcie sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s b\u00fdval\u00fdmi s\u00fadnymi miestami, star\u00fdmi \u0161kolami a konfuci\u00e1nskymi akad\u00e9miami (<em>seowon<\/em>), vojensk\u00fdmi stanovi\u0161\u0165ami a hrobmi obet\u00ed epid\u00e9mi\u00ed. Modern\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 literat\u00fara a K-dr\u00e1my \u010dasto ako dejisko pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa nemocnice, \u0161koly a stanice metra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pramene: Iry\u014fn, Samguk Yusa (okolo 1281); zbierky yadam z \u010dias Joseon; \u0161amansk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1lne texty zaznamenan\u00e9 v 19. \u2013 20. storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Modern\u00e9 referen\u010dn\u00e9 diela: Kim Tae-gon (1981), Kendall (1985, 2009 \u201eShamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF\u201c), Walraven (1994). Pre film a literat\u00faru: mnoh\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce o \u017e\u00e1nri \u201eK-horor\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010denie a sp\u00f4soby z\u00e1pisu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doslova \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>\u201c z \u9b3c (\u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, du\u0161a zosnul\u00e9ho\u201c) a \u795e (\u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>\u201c).<\/p><ul><li><strong>Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/strong> (\ucc98\ub140\uadc0\uc2e0), duch panny; \u017eena, ktor\u00e1 zomrela nevdat\u00e1.<\/li><li>Mongdal-gwishin (\ubabd\ub2ec\uadc0\uc2e0), mu\u017esk\u00fd protip\u00f3l; nezosob\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd zosnul\u00fd mu\u017e.<\/li><li>Son-gaksi, v \u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vaniach pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd s Cheonyeo.<\/li><li>Mul-gwishin, vodn\u00ed duchovia; v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou utopen\u00ed.<\/li><li>Dalgyal-gwishin, \u201evaje\u010dn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>\u201c; tv\u00e1rou zbaven\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, miestna varianta.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charakteristiky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Zjav.<\/strong> Klasick\u00e9 zobrazenie: mlad\u00e1 \u017eena v bielom sm\u00fato\u010dnom kimone (<em>sobok<\/em>), dlh\u00e9 \u010dierne vlasy zakr\u00fdvaj\u00face tv\u00e1r, bled\u00e1 poko\u017eka, m\u0155tvo visiace ruky. Niektor\u00e9 varianty nemaj\u00fa \u00fasta alebo o\u010di.<\/p><p>Chovanie. Gwishin sa zjavuje na miestach svojej smrti alebo nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Prehovor\u00ed len zriedka, \u017ealost\u00ed, ukazuje pr\u00edtomn\u00fdm svoj z\u00e1mer v snoch alebo nem\u00fdch gest\u00e1ch. P\u00f4sob\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom poruch vn\u00edmania, no\u010dn\u00fdch m\u00f4r, chorobn\u00fdch stavov.<\/p><p>\u010cas. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v noci, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 medzi polnocou a tretou hodinou; v da\u017e\u010fov\u00e9 dni a po\u010das siedmej mesa\u010dnej noci (<em>chilseok<\/em>).<\/p><div><h3>Han ako psychologick\u00e1 a kult\u00farna hlbok\u00e1 vrstva<\/h3><p>Modern\u00e1 literat\u00fara a filmov\u00e9 umenie \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> gwishin \u010dasto psychologicky. Zjavenie duchov mo\u017eno ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako prejav <em>Han<\/em>, k\u00f3rejsk\u00e9ho pocitu potla\u010den\u00e9ho, nahromaden\u00e9ho sm\u00fatku. Gwishin nezosob\u0148uje len jednotliv\u00e9ho zosnul\u00e9ho, ale nazhroma\u017eden\u00e9 utrpenie rodiny alebo historick\u00e9ho obdobia.<\/p><p>V tomto zmysle je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> gwishin zrkadlom soci\u00e1lnej nespravodlivosti: ke\u010f je niekto pochovan\u00fd bez oh\u013eadu na konfuci\u00e1nske povinnosti, modern\u00e9 publikum to m\u00f4\u017ee vn\u00edma\u0165 aj ako kritiku spolo\u010densk\u00fdch nedostatkov. K-hororov\u00e9 filmy tento aspekt rozvinuli a robia z pr\u00edbehov o gwishin metafory nevyrie\u0161en\u00fdch traum a in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnych zlyhan\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Gwishin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie aspekty gwishin na jeden poh\u013ead.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00f4vod gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u013dudsk\u00ed zosnul\u00ed s nevyrie\u0161enou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou alebo neuskuto\u010dnen\u00fdmi predkov\u00fdmi obradmi; menej \u010dasto d\u00f4sledok n\u00e1silnej smrti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Adres\u00e1ti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pozostal\u00ed, dedi\u010dia, osoby zodpovedn\u00e9 za smr\u0165; n\u00e1hodn\u00ed svedkovia na danom mieste; \u010dast\u00e9 v \u0161kol\u00e1ch a nemocniciach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bielo odet\u00e1, dlhovlas\u00e1, bled\u00e1 postava; \u010dasto so zahalenou tv\u00e1rou a m\u0155tvo visiacimi rukami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00f4sobenie gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Choroba, hr\u00f4za, no\u010dn\u00e9 mory, \u0161ialenstvo, nehody; v z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch smr\u0165 zodpovedn\u00fdch os\u00f4b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Riadne vykonan\u00e9 obrady jesa; \u0161amansk\u00fd <em>gut<\/em> vykonan\u00fd <em>mudang<\/em>; buddhistick\u00e9 obrady za zosnul\u00fdch; vyrie\u0161enie nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely gwishin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japonsk\u00e9 <strong>y\u016brei<\/strong> a <em>onry\u014d<\/em>; \u010d\u00ednske <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (pozri Gui); eur\u00f3pske biele \u017eeny; indick\u00e1 <em>preta<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jesa.<\/strong> Konfuci\u00e1nsky pozna\u010den\u00e9 predkov\u00e9 obrady sa konaj\u00fa ka\u017edoro\u010dne v de\u0148 smrti a po\u010das ve\u013ek\u00fdch sviatkov Seollal a Chuseok. Presn\u00e9 usporiadanie jed\u00e1l, misiek a ritu\u00e1lnych \u00fakonov m\u00e1 upokoji\u0165 du\u0161u a pripomen\u00fa\u0165 jej miesto v kruhu predkov.<\/p><p>Ssitgim-gut. \u0160amansk\u00e9 \u201eo\u010distn\u00e9 gut\u201c v regi\u00f3ne Jeolla a na ostrove Jindo uvo\u013e\u0148uje put\u00e1 zosnul\u00fdch; mudang privol\u00e1va <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, prihov\u00e1ra sa mu, o\u010dis\u0165uje ho a odprev\u00e1dza.<\/p><p>Buddhistick\u00e9 obrady za zosnul\u00fdch. 49-d\u0148ov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Regulovan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> (<em>sasiban<\/em>) po smrti s recitovan\u00edm s\u00fatr; v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie obrady (<em>cheondo-jae<\/em>) pre obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nepokojn\u00e9 du\u0161e.<\/p><p>Bujok. Posv\u00e4ten\u00e9 papierov\u00e9 amulety s \u010derven\u00fdmi znakmi umiestnen\u00e9 na dverovom r\u00e1me alebo v dome na odohnanie gwishin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin, paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Japonsko.<\/strong> Y\u016brei a <em>onry\u014d<\/em> zdie\u013eaj\u00fa klasick\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1uka o obrazovom obsahu a jeho v\u00fdzname.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografiu<\/span> bielej, dlhovlasej m\u0155tvej \u017eeny; japonsk\u00e1 postava je viac buddhisticky pozna\u010den\u00e1, k\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 viac konfuci\u00e1nsky.<\/p><p>\u010c\u00edna. <em>Gu\u01d0<\/em> (pozri Gui) tvor\u00ed spolo\u010dn\u00e9 sinografick\u00e9 slovn\u00e9 pole; kontext \u010d\u00ednskeho festivalu duchov zdie\u013ea mot\u00edvy.<\/p><p>Eur\u00f3pa. Biele \u017eeny nemecky hovoriacej a slovanskej trad\u00edcie s\u00fa funk\u010dne pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9; historick\u00e1 s\u00favislos\u0165 neexistuje.<\/p><p>Buddhizmus. Hladn\u00ed duchovia preta zdie\u013eaj\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> nepokojn\u00fdch, nevyrie\u0161en\u00fdch zosnul\u00fdch.<\/p><div><h3>Modern\u00e1 recepcia a adapt\u00e1cie<\/h3><p>Postava gwishin je v s\u00fa\u010dasnej k\u00f3rejskej kult\u00fare v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e1. Seri\u00e1ly ako <em>Tale of the Nine-Tailed<\/em>, <em>Alchemy of Souls<\/em> a filmy ako <em>A Tale of Two Sisters<\/em> vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span>. Tvorcovia klasick\u00fa formu \u010dasto upravuj\u00fa: gwishin s\u00fa mocnej\u0161\u00ed, inteligentnej\u0161\u00ed a mstia sa cielenej\u0161ie ne\u017e v star\u00fdch podaniach.<\/p><p>Toto sa odr\u00e1\u017ea aj v liter\u00e1rnych adapt\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, napr\u00edklad v pr\u00f3ze Han Kang alebo Kim Ae-ran. Tradi\u010dn\u00fd gwishin je nem\u00e1, trpiaca postava; modern\u00fd gwishin je akt\u00e9rom, ktor\u00fd si svoj pr\u00edbeh rozpr\u00e1va s\u00e1m. Tento posun od pas\u00edvnej k akt\u00edvnej bytosti ukazuje nov\u00fa interpret\u00e1ciu konceptu han ako mocnej, nielen tragickej em\u00f3cie.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d7e612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7d7e612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp026e302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp026e302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Postavenie v k\u00f3rejskom obraze posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c80f6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c80f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd89af0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpbd89af0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Pojem <em>gwishin<\/em> (\uadc0\uc2e0) neozna\u010duje v k\u00f3rej\u010dine jeden konkr\u00e9tny druh bytosti, ale cel\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu: duchov zosnul\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed nedokon\u010dili usporiadan\u00fd prechod na druh\u00fd svet. Tradi\u010dn\u00e1 k\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 predstava o mrtvych je silne ovplyvnen\u00e1 konfucianizmom, ktor\u00fd bol od \u010dias dynastie Joseon (1392 a\u017e 1897) ofici\u00e1lnou \u0161t\u00e1tnou ideol\u00f3giou.<\/span><\/p><p>Pod\u013ea tejto predstavy sa zosnul\u00fd st\u00e1va spr\u00e1vne vykonan\u00fdmi sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00fdmi a predkovsk\u00fdmi obradmi <em>josang<\/em>, teda dobrotiv\u00fdm predkom, ktor\u00fd chr\u00e1ni potomkov. Ak tieto obrady ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa, alebo bola smr\u0165 n\u00e1siln\u00e1, pred\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010di pochovanie neuskuto\u010dnen\u00e9, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> zost\u00e1va vo svete \u017eiv\u00fdch ako <em>gwishin<\/em>.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to logika priamo sp\u00e1ja svet duchov so spolo\u010densk\u00fdm poriadkom. <em>Gwishin<\/em> je menej d\u00e9monick\u00e1 bytos\u0165 a viac sympt\u00f3m naru\u0161en\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu medzi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a mrtvymi.<\/p><p>Osobitne postihnut\u00ed s\u00fa \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed zomreli bez potomkov, preto\u017ee bez mu\u017esk\u00fdch dedi\u010dov ch\u00fdbal v konfuci\u00e1nskom syst\u00e9me ritu\u00e1lny adres\u00e1t. \u0160amansk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia <em>musok<\/em> pon\u00fakala v tomto smere doplnok: <em>mudang<\/em>, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u017eensk\u00e9 \u0161amanky, mohli v obradoch ako <em>ssitgim-gut<\/em> nepokojn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> o\u010disti\u0165 a upokoji\u0165.<\/p><p>Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdskum, napr\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce Laurel Kendallovej o k\u00f3rejskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v ktorom sa \u0161pecialisti st\u00fdkaj\u00fa so svetom duchov.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanizme<\/span>, zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee koncept <em>gwishin<\/em> sprostredk\u00fava medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami. Sp\u00e1ja konfuci\u00e1nsku povinnos\u0165 vo\u010di predkom, buddhistick\u00e9 predstavy o kolobehu znovuzrodenia a \u0161amansk\u00fa prax.<\/p><p><em>Gwishin<\/em> je tak kult\u00farne nadur\u010den\u00fd: ka\u017ed\u00e1 z troch trad\u00edci\u00ed pon\u00faka vlastn\u00e9 vysvetlenie, pre\u010do mrtvy nenach\u00e1dza pokoj, a ka\u017ed\u00e1 pon\u00faka vlastn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob rie\u0161enia. T\u00e1to viacvrstvovos\u0165 vysvet\u013euje, pre\u010do je t\u00e1to bytos\u0165 v k\u00f3rejskej literat\u00fare a \u013eudovom rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed st\u00e1le tak\u00e1 pr\u00edtomn\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8b36413 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8b36413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a80006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4a80006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwishin v modernej popkult\u00fare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpce3e698 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpce3e698\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3df2f7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3df2f7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Od 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia je <em>gwishin<\/em> centr\u00e1lnou postavou k\u00f3rejsk\u00e9ho hororov\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1nru. Film <em>Yeogo goedam<\/em> (Whispering Corridors, 1998) a jeho pokra\u010dovania preniesli nepokojn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> do diev\u010denskej \u0161koly a spojili ho s t\u00e9mami ako v\u00fdkonnostn\u00fd tlak, \u0161ikanovanie a in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne n\u00e1silie.<\/span><\/p><p>Typick\u00fd obrazov\u00fd mot\u00edv, mlad\u00e1 \u017eena v bielom sm\u00fato\u010dnom r\u00fachu s dlh\u00fdmi \u010diernymi vlasmi zakr\u00fdvaj\u00facimi tv\u00e1r, odtedy formuje vizu\u00e1lny jazyk \u017e\u00e1nru a prekr\u00fdva sa s japonskou <em>y\u016brei<\/em>, bez toho, aby s \u0148ou bol toto\u017en\u00fd.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Telev\u00edzia postavu v 2000. a 2010. rokoch \u010falej rozvinula. Seri\u00e1ly ako <em>Master&#8217;s Sun<\/em> (2013) alebo <em>Hotel del Luna<\/em> (2019) ukazuj\u00fa <em>gwishin<\/em> nielen ako stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 bytosti, ale ako bytosti s nedokon\u010den\u00fdmi z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ami, ktor\u00fdm \u017eiv\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu alebo musia pom\u00f4c\u0165.<\/span><\/p><p>T\u00fdm sa rozpr\u00e1vanie vracia k tradi\u010dnej logike: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> je vyk\u00fapen\u00fd, ke\u010f je jeho krivda rozpoznan\u00e1 a napraven\u00e1. Hororov\u00fd mot\u00edv a melodramatick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> nedokon\u010den\u00e9ho \u017eivota tu le\u017eia ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko seba.<\/p><p>Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee popkult\u00fara pri tom \u010dasto odha\u013euje konfuci\u00e1nsku hlbinn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, bez toho, aby ju priamo pomenovala. Pr\u00edbeh o <em>gwishin<\/em> takmer v\u017edy hovor\u00ed o naru\u0161enom poriadku: zaml\u010dan\u00e1 vra\u017eda, zapieran\u00e1 gravidita, sprenevera dedi\u010dstva. Modern\u00e1 z\u00e1bava tak vyu\u017e\u00edva star\u00fa bytos\u0165 ako n\u00e1stroj spolo\u010denskej kritiky.<\/p><p>Na rozdiel od z\u00e1padn\u00fdch stra\u0161ideln\u00fdch filmov, v ktor\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u010dasto zost\u00e1va iba holou hrozbou, si k\u00f3rejsk\u00fd <em>gwishin<\/em> zvy\u010dajne vy\u017eaduje mor\u00e1lnu odpove\u010f. To ho sp\u00e1ja s tradi\u010dn\u00fdm cie\u013eom \u0161amansk\u00e9ho obradu, ktor\u00fd nesmeruje k zni\u010deniu, ale k zmiereniu ducha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7595c4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7595c4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf354b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf354b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Han ako emocion\u00e1lne jadro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33b2cae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp33b2cae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa63ff4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa63ff4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S <em>gwishin<\/em> \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed \u0165a\u017eko prelo\u017eite\u013en\u00fd koncept <em>han<\/em> (\ud55c). Ozna\u010duje nahromaden\u00fd komplex z\u00e1\u0161ti, sm\u00fatku, horkosti a nenaplnenej t\u00fa\u017eby, ktor\u00fd sa hromad\u00ed po\u010das jedn\u00e9ho \u017eivota alebo naprie\u010d gener\u00e1ciami.<\/p><p>V \u013eudovej predstave je pr\u00e1ve tento <em>han<\/em> t\u00fdm, \u010do zosnul\u00e9ho dr\u017e\u00ed vo svete a rob\u00ed z neho <em>gwishin<\/em>. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">Duch<\/span> m\u00f4\u017ee od\u00eds\u0165 \u010falej a\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f sa <em>han<\/em> rozpust\u00ed, teda ke\u010f sa uzn\u00e1 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 bezpr\u00e1vie a pod\u013ea mo\u017enosti sa naprav\u00ed.<\/p><p>V\u00fdskum o <em>han<\/em> diskutuje kontroverzne. Niektor\u00ed k\u00f3rejsk\u00ed kult\u00farni teoretici 20. storo\u010dia z neho urobili n\u00e1rodn\u00fd charakterov\u00fd rys, ktor\u00fd mal vyrasta\u0165 z dej\u00edn inv\u00e1zi\u00ed, koloni\u00e1lnej vl\u00e1dy a rozdelenia krajiny.<\/p><p>In\u00ed, napr\u00edklad liter\u00e1rny vedec Michael Shin, varuj\u00fa pred t\u00fdm, aby sa <em>han<\/em> esencializoval ako nad\u010dasov\u00e1 k\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165, a upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 pov\u00fd\u0161enie tohto pojmu je relat\u00edvne mlad\u00fd kon\u0161trukt, sprostredkovan\u00fd do istej miery koloni\u00e1lnou dobou.<\/p><p>Pre pochopenie <em>gwishin<\/em> je t\u00e1to debata menej rozhoduj\u00faca ne\u017e pozorovanie, \u017ee \u013eudov\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie definuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> d\u00f4sledne cez jeho pocit a utrpen\u00e9 bezpr\u00e1vie, nie cez zl\u00fa povahu.<\/p><p>Z toho vypl\u00fdva charakteristick\u00e1 asymetria. <em>Gwishin<\/em> je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, ale jeho \u0161koda nikdy nie je bez\u00fa\u010deln\u00e1. H\u013ead\u00e1 pozornos\u0165, spravodlivos\u0165 alebo dov\u0155\u0161enie preru\u0161en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p><p>\u0160amansk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> <em>gut<\/em> nasadzuje presne tu: <em>mudang<\/em> d\u00e1va <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovi<\/span> hlas, umo\u017en\u00ed mu vyslovi\u0165 jeho utrpenie a potom ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Patriaci k pevne stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lne<\/span> vyvedie zo sveta \u017eiv\u00fdch. Kto sa zaober\u00e1 k\u00f3rejskou vierou v duchov, nemal by teda <em>gwishin<\/em> \u010d\u00edta\u0165 prim\u00e1rne ako hrozbu, ale ako zosobnen\u00fa po\u017eiadavku na n\u00e1pravu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00favisiace odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 intern\u00e9 odkazy:<\/p><ul><li>Str\u00e1nka o kult\u00fare <strong>K\u00f3rea<\/strong>.<\/li><li>\u010eal\u0161ie samostatn\u00e9 profily z K\u00f3rey: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157659\">Dokkaebi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157660\">Gumiho<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157662\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157664\">Jeoseung Saja<\/a>.<\/li><li>Paralely: Y\u016brei (Japonsko), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157647\">Gui<\/a> (\u010c\u00edna), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157642\">Preta<\/a> (buddhizmus).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zdroje a literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Kompaktn\u00fd v\u00fdber k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch pr\u00e1c o Gwishin:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel: <em>Shamans, Housewives, and Other Restless Spirits: Women in Korean <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> Life.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kendall, Laurel: <em>Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF: South Korean Popular Religion in Motion.<\/em> University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, Honolulu 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Iry\u014fn: <em>Samguk Yusa.<\/em> Prel. Ha Tae-Hung, Grafton K. Mintz. Yonsei University Press, Soul 1972.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u010eal\u0161ie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 diela v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157722\">zozname literat\u00fary<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-gwishin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-gwishin-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-gwishin-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Tu pop\u00edsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 prax je religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie historick\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed. iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na t\u00fato kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa linku nosen\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov a predstavuje jej s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Viac o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1705,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gwishin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gwishin - n\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"korea","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-157661","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gwishin - n\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gwishin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-04T22:39:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gwishin - n\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-04T22:16:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T22:39:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Duchovia z k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcie.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/?page_id=157572\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gwishin\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Gwishin\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-04T22:16:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T22:39:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/sk\\\/gwishin\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"description\":\"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gwishin - n\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti","description":"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gwishin","og_description":"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-04T22:39:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gwishin","datePublished":"2026-09-04T22:16:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T22:39:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp","inLanguage":"sk-SK","description":"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/","name":"Gwishin - n\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-04T22:16:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T22:39:00+00:00","description":"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Duchovia z k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcie."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157572"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gwishin"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Gwishin","datePublished":"2026-09-04T22:16:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-04T22:39:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/gwishin\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_korea_gwishin.webp","inLanguage":"sk-SK","description":"Gwishin, duchovia zosnul\u00fdch v k\u00f3rejskej trad\u00edcii. N\u00e1vrat z nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti: triedy, obrady a ich \u00faloha v k\u00f3rejskom folkl\u00f3re."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157661"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157661\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}