{"id":157657,"date":"2026-09-04T22:15:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157657"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:38:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:38:55","slug":"yurei","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/yurei\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u016brei"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157657\" class=\"elementor elementor-157657 elementor-1328\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuurei, duch z japonskej trad\u00edcie<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yuurei je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> japonskej trad\u00edcie.<\/p><p>Y\u016brei s\u00fa nepokojn\u00ed duchovia mrtvych, ktor\u00ed sa vracaj\u00fa k \u017eiv\u00fdm pre nedokon\u010den\u00fa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duch: Beztelesn\u00e1 alebo polote\u013eesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, zosnul\u00ed, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 bytosti, dom\u00e1ci duchovia alebo str\u00e1\u017ecovia prahov. P\u00f4sob\u00ed v be\u017enom \u017eivote, \u010dasto viazan\u00ed na miesta alebo rodiny.\">Duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157653\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Japonsk\u00ed \u0161intoistick\u00ed kami a budhisticko-yokai svety.\">Japonsko<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157691\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zosnul\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch duchovia \u010falej p\u00f4sobia v tomto svete, dom\u00e1ci duchovia, predkovia, nepokojn\u00ed mrtvi.\">Duch mrtveho<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-160006\" alt=\"Yuurei - duchovia z japonskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1zornenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_yuurei-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u016brei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y\u016brei (\u5e7d\u970a, \u201ezam\u00faten\u00e1 du\u0161a\u201c) s\u00fa klasick\u00ed duchovia mrtvych v Japonsku. Od y\u014dkai sa odli\u0161uj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z r\u00ed\u0161e mrtvych a vracaj\u00fa sa do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho svet, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pre nedokon\u010den\u00fa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165: nepotrestan\u00fa vra\u017edu, opusten\u00e9 die\u0165a, neop\u00e4tovan\u00fa l\u00e1sku alebo spronevernen\u00fd majetok.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ikonograficky ust\u00e1len\u00e1 podoba poch\u00e1dza z obdobia Edo: biele smrte\u013en\u00e9 kimono, dlh\u00e9 \u010dierne vlasy padaj\u00face do tv\u00e1re, ch\u00fdbaj\u00face chodidl\u00e1, m\u00e4kko visiace ruky. Tento obraz vych\u00e1dza najm\u00e4 z diela maliara Maruyama \u014ckyo (1733, 1795).<\/span><\/p><div><h3>Podtrieda onry\u014d a archetyp duchov pomsty<\/h3><p>Postavy <em>yuurei<\/em> sa rozli\u0161uj\u00fa do viacer\u00fdch podtried, z ktor\u00fdch <em>onry\u014d<\/em> (duchovia pomsty) predstavuj\u00fa dramaturgicky najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed typ. Onry\u014d s\u00fa yuurei s v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdmi afektmi, ktor\u00fdch neupokojenos\u0165 nevych\u00e1dza z v\u00e1gneho sm\u00fatku, ale z utrpen\u00e9ho bezpr\u00e1via. K\u00e1nonick\u00e1 literat\u00fara o onry\u014d dokumentuje pr\u00edpady vra\u017edy, podvodu v man\u017eelsk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zkach alebo politick\u00e9ho prenasledovania ako sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010de nadprirodzen\u00e9ho stra\u0161enia.<\/p><p>Rozdiel oproti be\u017en\u00e9mu yuurei spo\u010d\u00edva v intenzite fenomen\u00e1lnych prejavov: onry\u014d sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 katastrofy, v\u00fdbuchy po\u017eiarov alebo rodinn\u00fd rozklad trvaj\u00faci viac gener\u00e1ci\u00ed. Klasifika\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v budhistick\u00fdch textoch rozli\u0161uj\u00fa medzi <em>shiry\u014d<\/em> (duchmi mrtvych) a <em>akuryo<\/em> (zl\u00fdmi duchmi), pri\u010dom onry\u014d s\u00fa bli\u017e\u0161ie druhej kateg\u00f3rii. V modern\u00fdch klasifik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa onry\u014d definuje ako yuurei s manifesta\u010dn\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lom.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preh\u013ead: Yuurei<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet><strong>Typ:<\/strong> duch mrtveho, duch pomsty (onry\u014d)<br>P\u00f4vod: \u0161intoistick\u00e9 predstavy o smrti, budhistick\u00e1 kozmol\u00f3gia znovuzrodenia<br>Texty: Konjaku Monogatarish\u016b, Ugetsu Monogatari (1776), Yotsuya Kaidan (1825)<br>Doba: \u013eudovo od stredoveku; klasick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1uka o obsahu obrazov a ich v\u00fdzname.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografia<\/span> v obdob\u00ed Edo<br>Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010d: nevyrie\u0161en\u00e1 viazanos\u0165, nepotrestan\u00e9 bezpr\u00e1vie, nedokon\u010den\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 obrady<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Predstava putuj\u00facich duchov mrtvych je v Japonsku hlboko zakorenen\u00e1. U\u017e v zbierkach setsuwa z 12. a\u017e 14. storo\u010dia sa mrtv\u00ed vracaj\u00fa, aby vyrie\u0161ili nevybaven\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Konkr\u00e9tny pojem y\u016brei sa usta\u013euje v obdob\u00ed Edo.<\/p><p>Ikonografick\u00e9 ust\u00e1lenie prin\u00e1\u0161a Maruyama \u014ckyo na konci 18. storo\u010dia, ako aj divadeln\u00e9 hry o duchoch a drevorezov\u00e9 tla\u010de z obdobia Edo. Kabuki dr\u00e1ma \u201eT\u014dkaid\u014d Yotsuya Kaidan\u201c (Tsuruya Nanboku IV, 1825) s postavou ducha pomsty Oiwy dodnes formuje obraz onry\u014d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trad\u00edcie o y\u016brei s\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 po celom Japonsku. Dejisk\u00e1 v literat\u00fare a divadle s\u00fa \u010dasto konkr\u00e9tne miesta: Yotsuya (Tokio) s pr\u00edbehom Oiwy, Banch\u014d pre rozpr\u00e1va\u010dku o taniery Okiku, kl\u00e1\u0161tor Tenmang\u016b pre Sugawaru no Michizane. Najm\u00e4 v auguste po\u010das obonu, sviatku, ke\u010f sa du\u0161e zosnul\u00fdch vracaj\u00fa, s\u00fa y\u016brei v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00ed v divadle a popul\u00e1rnych pr\u00edbehoch o duchoch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zdroje: Ueda Akinari, Ugetsu Monogatari (1776); Tsuruya Nanboku IV, T\u014dkaid\u014d Yotsuya Kaidan (1825); <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cdrsko-americk\u00fd spisovate\u013e (1850 \u2013 1904); zberate\u013e japonsk\u00fdch duch\u00e1rskych pr\u00edbehov v Kwaidan (1904).\">Lafcadio Hearn<\/span>, In Ghostly Japan a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zbierka japonsk\u00fdch duch\u00e1rskych pr\u00edbehov Lafcadia Hearna z roku 1904; formovala z\u00e1padn\u00e9 videnie Yuki-Onny a Yuurei.\">Kwaidan<\/span> (1899\/1904).<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Modern\u00fd v\u00fdskum: Michael Dylan Foster (2015); Iwasaka, Michiko &#038; Toelken, Barre (1994) Ghosts and the Japanese; Komatsu Kazuhiko (2017). T\u00e1to l\u00e1tka p\u00f4sob\u00ed a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti, vidite\u013en\u00e9 je to napr\u00edklad v filmoch \u201eRingu\u201c (1998) a \u201eJu-On\u201c (2002).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doslova \u201etemn\u00e1\/zam\u00faten\u00e1 du\u0161a\u201c zo znakov \u5e7d (temn\u00fd, zam\u00faten\u00fd) a \u970a (du\u0161a, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>).<\/p><ul><li><strong>Onry\u014d<\/strong> (\u6028\u970a), duch pomsty; podskupina y\u016brei s agres\u00edvnym profilom.<\/li><li>Ubume (\u7523\u5973), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> \u017eeny zomrelej pri porode.<\/li><li>Funay\u016brei (\u8239\u5e7d\u970a), duchovia utopencov, ktor\u00ed \u00fato\u010dia na lode.<\/li><li>Zashiki-warashi, detsk\u00ed dom\u00e1ci duchovia, medzi y\u014dkai a y\u016brei; sk\u00f4r prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci \u0161\u0165astie.<\/li><li>Gory\u014d (\u5fa1\u970a), zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 mocn\u00ed duchovia pomsty vysoko postaven\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed; m\u00e1 vlastn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Zjav.<\/strong> Biele smrte\u013en\u00e9 kimono (shinish\u014dzoku, so strihom prehoden\u00fdm cez telo v opa\u010dnom smere), dlh\u00e9, rozstrapaten\u00e9 \u010dierne vlasy, bled\u00e1, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou mlad\u00e1 tv\u00e1r, ochabnuto visiace ruky, ch\u00fdbaj\u00face alebo rozmazan\u00e9 nohy. \u010casto ju sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa dva blikaj\u00face plamene hitodama.<\/p><p>Spr\u00e1vanie. Y\u016brei sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zjavuj\u00fa tam, kde zomreli alebo kde bola sp\u00e1chan\u00e1 krivda. M\u00e1lokedy hovoria, \u017ealuj\u00fa, ukazuj\u00fa, stra\u0161ia. Onry\u014d \u00fato\u010dia akt\u00edvne, sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa nehody a \u017een\u00fa vinn\u00edkov do \u0161ialenstva alebo smrti.<\/p><p>\u010cas. Vidite\u013en\u00e9 za s\u00famraku, v noci a najm\u00e4 okolo druhej hodiny r\u00e1no (ushimitsu-doki, \u201etretia hodina byka\u201c).<\/p><div><h3>Kanoniz\u00e1cia v kabuki a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> Botansk\u00e9ho lamp\u00e1\u0161a<\/h3><p>Kabuki javisko premenilo rozpr\u00e1vania o y\u016brei na ikonick\u00fa divadeln\u00fa formu. Hry ako <em>Kaidan Botan Doro<\/em> (Pr\u00edbeh pivonky a lamp\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e9ho ducha, zalo\u017een\u00fd na sangokuskom pr\u00edbehu zo 17. storo\u010dia) po prv\u00fd raz systematicky stv\u00e1rnili y\u016brei ako dramatick\u00fa protagonistku, ktorej st\u00edhanie zla bolo psychologicky pochopite\u013en\u00e9 a s\u00fa\u010dasne esteticky povznesen\u00e9.<\/p><p>Tento \u017e\u00e1ner <em>kaidan-mono<\/em> ust\u00e1lil v neskorom Edo a ranom kabuki obdobia Meid\u017ei archetyp: trpiacu \u017eenu, ktorej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> sa zjavuje v hodv\u00e1be a modrom svetle, aby vyniesol pravdu na svetlo.<\/p><p>Choreografia sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho vstupu y\u016brei pou\u017e\u00edvala pozp\u00e4tn\u00e9 sledy krokov a spomalen\u00e9 pohyby, aby telesne stv\u00e1rnila nadprirodzenos\u0165. Tieto kabuki inov\u00e1cie ovplyvnili nasleduj\u00facich autorov a ust\u00e1lili y\u016brei ako \u00fastredn\u00fa postavu japonskej hororovej estetiky.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Yuurei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie aspekty y\u016brei na jeden poh\u013ead.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult\u00farny kontext<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u013dudsk\u00ed mrtvi s nevyrie\u0161enou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou, ktor\u00fdm je odopret\u00e9 riadne vyk\u00fapenie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cie\u013eov\u00e1 skupina yuurei<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00e1chatelia bezpr\u00e1via, ich rodiny, dedi\u010dia; n\u00e1hodn\u00ed svedkovia dan\u00e9ho miesta; lek\u00e1ri, pohrebn\u00ed \u00faradn\u00edci, \u0165a\u017eko tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny v nestabiln\u00fdch f\u00e1zach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forma<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Oble\u010den\u00e1 v bielom, dlhovlas\u00e1, bled\u00e1, bez n\u00f4h; sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 plamienkami hitodama.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcia<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Strach, choroba, \u0161ialenstvo, nehody, pri onry\u014d smr\u0165 prenasledovan\u00fdch; pri ubume no\u010dn\u00fd krik doj\u010da\u0165a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 prostriedky<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dapln\u00e9 budhistick\u00e9 posmrtn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly, recit\u00e1cia s\u00fatier (S\u00fatra srdca, nenbutsu), n\u00e1v\u0161teva k\u0148aza, zriadenie malej sv\u00e4tyne (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fabor n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uctievac\u00edch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> gory\u014d), vyjasnenie nevyrie\u0161enej z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00favisiace bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00f3rejsk\u00fd <strong>Gwishin<\/strong>, \u010d\u00ednsky <em>gu\u01d0<\/em>; eur\u00f3pski nemrtv\u00ed a klasick\u00ed <em>lemures<\/em>; <em>duchovia poru\u0161en\u00e9ho s\u013eubu<\/em> po celom svete.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 prax<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00dapln\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 obrady.<\/strong> Buddhistick\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 cerem\u00f3nie s recit\u00e1ciou s\u00fatier, posmrtn\u00fdm menom (kaimy\u014d) a v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00fdmi spomienkov\u00fdmi obradmi maj\u00fa zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tomu, aby sa zosnul\u00fd stal y\u016brei.<\/p><p>Obon. V lete (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v polovici augusta) sa du\u0161e zosnul\u00fdch v\u00edtaj\u00fa lamp\u00e1\u0161mi, \u010distia sa hroby, tradi\u010dne sa predv\u00e1dza tanec Bon-Odori a napokon sa du\u0161e l\u00fa\u010dia s pozemsk\u00fdm svetom pomocou pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich lamp\u00e1\u0161ov na riekach.<\/p><p>Gory\u014d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypodobn\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo posv\u00e4tnej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 mocn\u00ed pomstychtiv\u00ed duchovia historick\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed (Sugawara no Michizane, Taira no Masakado) s\u00fa uctievan\u00ed ako bo\u017estv\u00e1 vlastn\u00fdch sv\u00e4t\u00fd\u0148, aby ich upokojili a premenili na ochrann\u00e9 sily.<\/p><p>Vyrie\u0161enie z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edbehoch y\u016brei zmizne, len \u010do sa vyrie\u0161i nevyrie\u0161en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, vr\u00e1ti sa straten\u00fd majetok, postar\u00e1 sa o die\u0165a alebo sa dolap\u00ed vrah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuurei, paralely v in\u00fdch kult\u00farach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>K\u00f3rea.<\/strong> Gwishin a najm\u00e4 duch panenskej zosnulej Cheonyeo-gwishin vykazuj\u00fa siln\u00fa \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu podobnos\u0165: biele sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161aty, dlh\u00e9 \u010dierne vlasy, n\u00e1vrat kv\u00f4li sp\u00e1chanej krivde.<\/p><p>\u010c\u00edna. \u010c\u00ednsky <em>gu\u01d0<\/em> (pozri Gui) tvor\u00ed historick\u00fd jazykov\u00fd predobraz a zdie\u013ea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> n\u00e1vratu nezmieren\u00fdch m\u0155tvych.<\/p><p>Eur\u00f3pa. Biela pani a vracaj\u00face sa vra\u017eden\u00e9 obete eur\u00f3pskych poves\u0165ov\u00fdch okruhov s\u00fa typologicky pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9, historick\u00e1 l\u00ednia v\u0161ak neexistuje.<\/p><p>Buddhizmus v\u0161eobecne. V preta <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o usporiadan\u00ed a poriadku sveta v r\u00e1mci istej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3gii<\/span> tvoria hladn\u00ed duchovia bl\u00edzko pr\u00edbuzn\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu nepokojn\u00fdch zosnul\u00fdch (pozri Preta).<\/p><div><h3>Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo Japonska, formovan\u00e9 \u00factou ku kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161intoisticko<\/span>-buddhistick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Splynutie predst\u00e1v alebo bo\u017estiev z r\u00f4znych n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">synkretizmus<\/span><\/h3><p><em>Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai<\/em> (Zhroma\u017edenie sto nadprirodzen\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov), ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd spolo\u010densk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Usporiadan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakonov s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> obdobia Edo, kanalizoval rozpr\u00e1vania o y\u016brei do \u0161trukt\u00farovanej spolo\u010denskej podoby.<\/p><p>\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci zap\u00e1lili sto sviec a striedavo rozpr\u00e1vali nadprirodzen\u00e9 pr\u00edhody; s ka\u017ed\u00fdm pr\u00edbehom sa jedna svie\u010dka zhasla a pod\u013ea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 predstavy a zvyky roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u013eudovej viery<\/span> silnel nadprirodzen\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Y\u016brei zauj\u00edmali v tomto re\u010dn\u00edckom priestore \u00fastredn\u00e9 postavenie, nie ako abstraktn\u00e9 koncepty, ale ako miestni, menovite ozna\u010den\u00ed zosnul\u00ed.<\/p><p>To doklad\u00e1 ka\u017edodenn\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa prax stojacu za liter\u00e1rnym archetypom. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Splynutie prvkov r\u00f4znych n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev alebo kultov do nov\u00fdch zmie\u0161an\u00fdch foriem, napr\u00edklad v haitskom vod\u00fa (lwa a katol\u00edcki sv\u00e4t\u00ed).\">Synkretizmus<\/span> medzi \u0161intoistickou \u00factou k predkom a buddhistick\u00fdmi koncepciami karmickej viazanosti \u0161trukt\u00faroval teologick\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie y\u016brei: neboli \u010disto \u0161intoistick\u00fdmi <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V japonskom \u0161intoizme uctievan\u00e9 duchovn\u00e9 bytosti a bo\u017esk\u00e9 sily.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em> ani \u010disto buddhistick\u00fdmi <em>preta<\/em>, ale hybridn\u00fdmi \u00fatvarmi na sty\u010dn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch oboch trad\u00edci\u00ed.<\/p><p>Miestni \u0161intoistick\u00ed k\u0148azi (miko) a buddhistick\u00ed mn\u00edsi vykon\u00e1vali oslobodzuj\u00face ritu\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 integrovali obe trad\u00edcie.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28c7ad6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp28c7ad6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpafd90af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpafd90af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yuurei v kabuki a n\u00f3 divadle<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp04f8b3b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp04f8b3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp66d892f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp66d892f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japonsk\u00e9 divadlo formovalo obraz <em>yuurei<\/em> po st\u00e1ro\u010dia. V divadle <em>n\u00f3<\/em> tvor\u00ed skupina duchovn\u00fdch hier, <em>mugen-n\u014d<\/em>, samostatn\u00fd \u0161trukt\u00farny typ: putuj\u00faci mn\u00edch sa stretne s na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nev\u00fdraznou osobou, ktor\u00e1 sa v priebehu hry odhal\u00ed ako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa prizn\u00e1va p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> zosnul\u00e9ho.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa prizn\u00e1va p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">Duch<\/span> vypr\u00e1va o svojom nevyrie\u0161enom utrpen\u00ed, \u010dasto o neop\u00e4tovanej l\u00e1ske, n\u00e1silnej smrti alebo vine, a nakoniec nach\u00e1dza pokoj v\u010faka <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1tenie sa \u010dloveka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitbe<\/span> mn\u00edcha. T\u00e1to dramaturgia prin\u00e1\u0161a na javisko z\u00e1kladn\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa predstavu: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa prizn\u00e1va p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> zost\u00e1va viazan\u00fd k svetu, dok\u00fdm ho zviera lipnutie, a vyslobodenie m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 len prostredn\u00edctvom ritu\u00e1lneho sprostredkovania.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Divadlo <em>kabuki<\/em> obdobia Edo z toho vyvinulo popul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed a drastickej\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ner, hru typu <em>kaidan<\/em>. Sl\u00e1vnym sa stal Tsuruya Nanboku IV. s hrou <em>T\u014dkaid\u014d Yotsuya Kaidan<\/em> z roku 1825, pr\u00edbehom Oiwy, ktor\u00fa otr\u00e1vi jej man\u017eel a ktor\u00e1 sa vracia ako zohaven\u00fd duch pomsty. Tak\u00e9to hry vyu\u017e\u00edvali prepracovan\u00fa javiskov\u00fa techniku pre n\u00e1hle zjavenia a premeny.<\/span><\/p><p>Ikonografick\u00e9 konvencie, ktor\u00e9 dnes charakterizuj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00e9ho yuurei, sa vo ve\u013ekej miere odvodzuj\u00fa z divadla a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho umenia: biele posmrtn\u00e9 r\u00facho, dlh\u00e9 rozstrapaten\u00e9 \u010dierne vlasy, ch\u00fdbaj\u00face alebo vo\u013ene visiace nohy, bezvl\u00e1dne visiace ruky pred telom.<\/p><p>Maliar Maruyama \u014ckyo je v umeleckohistorickej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a pr\u00edbehov cez gener\u00e1cie.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcii<\/span> sp\u00e1jan\u00fd s roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm obrazu duch bez n\u00f4h na konci 18. storo\u010dia. V\u00fdskum zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee tento dnes za typicky japonsk\u00fd pova\u017eovan\u00fd obraz ducha nie je prastarou kon\u0161tantou, ale relat\u00edvne mladou obrazovou formulou, \u0161tandardizovanou divadlom a grafickou tla\u010dou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22ceda3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22ceda3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d01a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3d01a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Onry\u014d: duch pomsty a jeho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pozadie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8e79821 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8e79821\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0bd063e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0bd063e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Medzi rozli\u010dn\u00fdmi podobami y\u016brei zauj\u00edma osobit\u00e9 miesto <em>onry\u014d<\/em>, hnevliv\u00fd duch pomsty. Vznik\u00e1 z \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd zomrel v d\u00f4sledku ve\u013ekej krivdy, s nenaplnen\u00fdm hnevom alebo n\u00e1silnou smr\u0165ou.<\/p><p>Pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faci hnev, po japonsky <em>urami<\/em>, via\u017ee du\u0161u a \u017eenie ju k pomste na t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa za utrpenie zodpovedn\u00ed, v najob\u00e1vanej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch a\u017e k bezcie\u013enej skaze.<\/p><p>Viera v tak\u00fdchto duchov je historicky dobre zdokumentovan\u00e1 a mala aj re\u00e1lne politick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edpadom je u\u010denec a politik Sugawara no Michizane, ktor\u00fd zomrel v exile v roku 903. Po jeho smrti sa s\u00e9ria ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00ed, \u00famrt\u00ed na dvore a \u00fadery blesku vysvet\u013eovali ako p\u00f4sobenie jeho rozhnevan\u00e9ho ducha.<\/p><p>Dvor sa ho sna\u017eil upokoji\u0165 tak, \u017ee ho rehabilitoval, udelil mu hodnosti a nakoniec ho za\u010dal uctieva\u0165 ako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> <em>Tenjin<\/em> vo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mal\u00e9 sv\u00e4t\u00e9 miesto ulo\u017eenia alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">sv\u00e4tyni<\/span>. Tento proces, premena nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho ducha na ochrann\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> prostredn\u00edctvom uctievania, je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm mechanizmom japonskej viery <em>gory\u014d<\/em>.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa tu ukazuje logika, ktor\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za celou predstavou y\u016brei: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> nie je od prirodzenosti zl\u00fd, ale je v\u00fdrazom nevyrie\u0161en\u00e9ho stavu.<\/p><p>Vhodnou reakciou nie je boj, ale upokojenie, \u010di u\u017e prostredn\u00edctvom buddhistick\u00fdch obradov za mrtvych, uctievania vo sv\u00e4tyni alebo dodato\u010dn\u00fdm napraven\u00edm krivdy. T\u00e1to predstava sp\u00e1ja y\u016brei \u00fazko s buddhistickou n\u00e1ukou o lipnut\u00ed a s dom\u00e1cim ch\u00e1pan\u00edm ritu\u00e1lnej \u010distoty a zne\u010distenia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a115ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8a115ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2dad95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa2dad95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y\u016brei v modernom hororovom filme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp046010a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp046010a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp722d670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp722d670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Predstava yuurei je jednou z m\u00e1la tradi\u010dn\u00fdch post\u00e1v duchov, ktor\u00e1 v 20. a 21. storo\u010d\u00ed nielen pre\u017eila, ale roz\u0161\u00edrila sa po celom svete. V\u00fdchodiskom bol japonsk\u00fd filmov\u00fd priemysel. U\u017e povojnov\u00e9 filmy siahali po klasick\u00fdch n\u00e1metoch <em>kaidan<\/em> a v roku 1964 nakr\u00fatil Kobayashi Masaki film <em>Kwaidan<\/em>, zbierku tak\u00fdchto duch\u00e1rskych pr\u00edbehov, ktor\u00e1 vych\u00e1dzala zo z\u00e1piskov Lafcadia Hearna.<\/p><p>Rozhoduj\u00faci medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd prielom priniesol horor konca 90. rokov. Filmy ako <em>Ringu<\/em> Nakatu Hidea z roku 1998 a s\u00e9ria <em>Ju-on<\/em> Shimizua Taka\u0161iho ust\u00e1lili typ ducha, ktor\u00fd prevzal klasick\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1uka o obsahu obrazov a ich v\u00fdzname.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografiu<\/span> yuurei a preniesol ju do modern\u00e9ho ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho kontextu.<\/p><p>Bled\u00fd \u017eensk\u00fd mstiaci duch s dlh\u00fdmi \u010diernymi vlasmi, ktor\u00fd sa pohybuje trhavo a neprirodzene, sa stal celosvetovo rozpoznate\u013en\u00fdm obrazom. Americk\u00e9 remake filmy z za\u010diatku 2000. rokov t\u00fato obrazov\u00fa re\u010d \u010falej roz\u0161\u00edrili.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je pozoruhodn\u00e9, ko\u013eko z tradi\u010dnej logiky sa v t\u00fdchto modern\u00fdch spracovaniach zachovalo. Aj filmov\u00fd duch spravidla vznik\u00e1 z n\u00e1silnej smrti a nevyrie\u0161enej krivdy, aj on je viazan\u00fd na miesto, predmet alebo m\u00e9dium, aj jeho p\u00f4sobenie sa riadi vzorom \u0161\u00edriaceho sa prekliatia.<\/p><p>Zmenil sa v\u0161ak kontext: miesto budhistick\u00e9ho mn\u00edcha, ktor\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> vyslobodzuje, \u010dasto nastupuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Netelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00f4bec nemo\u017eno vyslobodi\u0165.<\/p><p>Modern\u00fd horor v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vymazal ute\u0161uj\u00facu str\u00e1nku trad\u00edcie, ritu\u00e1lnu rie\u0161ite\u013enos\u0165 konfliktu, a ponechal iba hrozbu. Pr\u00e1ve toto porovnanie ukazuje, \u010do tradi\u010dn\u00e1 predstava vlastne dok\u00e1zala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00favisiace odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 intern\u00e9 odkazy:<\/p><ul><li>Str\u00e1nka kult\u00fary <strong>Japonsko<\/strong>.<\/li><li>\u010eal\u0161ie profily z Japonska: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157654\">Oni<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157655\">Tengu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157656\">Kappa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157658\">Yuki-onna<\/a>.<\/li><li>Paralely: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157661\">Gwishin<\/a> (K\u00f3rea), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157662\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157647\">Gui<\/a> (\u010c\u00edna), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157642\">Preta<\/a> (buddhizmus).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Stru\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdber k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch pr\u00e1c o Y\u016brei:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Iwasaka, Michiko \/ Toelken, Barre: <em>Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experience in Japanese Death Legends.<\/em> Utah State University Press, Logan 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hearn, Lafcadio: <em>Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things.<\/em> Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1904.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Addiss, Stephen (Hrsg.): <em>Japanese Ghosts and Demons: Art of the Supernatural.<\/em> George Braziller, New York 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/books\/the-book-of-yokai-expanded-second-edition\/paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Book of Y\u014dkai.<\/a><\/em> University of California Press, Berkeley 2015.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ueda Akinari: <em>Tales of Moonlight and Rain (Ugetsu Monogatari).<\/em> \u00dcbers. Anthony H. Chambers. Columbia University Press, New York 2007.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yuurei-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-yuurei-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-yuurei\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-yuurei-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-yuurei-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Tu pop\u00edsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 prax je vedeck\u00fdm zaraden\u00edm historick\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed. iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na t\u00fato kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa linku prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov a predstavuje jej s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Viac o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1688,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Y\u016brei","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yuurei - Y\u016brei s\u00fa nepokojn\u00ed duchovia mrtvych","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yuurei, nepokojn\u00ed duchovia mrtvych z japonskej trad\u00edcie, vracaj\u00faci sa pre nedokon\u010den\u00fa vec, s bielym r\u00fachom a rozpusten\u00fdmi 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