{"id":157618,"date":"2026-09-04T22:15:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157618"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:37:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:37:51","slug":"ghul","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/ghul\/","title":{"rendered":"Gh\u00fal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157618\" class=\"elementor elementor-157618 elementor-1027\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gh\u00fal, d\u00e9mon islamskej trad\u00edcie<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gh\u00fal je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> islamskej trad\u00edcie.<\/p><p><strong>Cintor\u00ednsky a p\u00fa\u0161tny d\u00e9mon, p\u00f4vod modernej postavy gh\u00fala.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9mon \/ D\u00e9monica: Nadprirodzen\u00e1 bytos\u0165 s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u0161kodliv\u00fdm alebo ambivalentn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom. Stoj\u00ed medzi bohmi a \u013eu\u010fmi, sp\u00f4sobuje choroby, poku\u0161enie alebo ne\u0161\u0165astie a odh\u00e1\u0148a sa vz\u00fdvan\u00edm, apotropaick\u00fdmi prostriedkami a ritu\u00e1lmi.\">D\u00e9mon<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157605\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Islamsk\u00fd svet viery s archanjelmi, d\u017einmi a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi bytos\u0165ami.\">Islam<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_islam_ghul-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-160009\" alt=\"Gh\u00fal \u2013 d\u00e9mon z islamskej trad\u00edcie, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_islam_ghul-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_islam_ghul-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_islam_ghul-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_islam_ghul.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gh\u00fal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gh\u00fal je v arabsko-islamskej trad\u00edcii no\u010dn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> p\u00fa\u0161t\u00ed a cintor\u00ednov. Jeho \u0161pecialitou je premena podoby.<\/p><p>V jednom zn\u00e1mom had\u00edte Muhammad rozpr\u00e1va, \u017ee sa mu zjavil gh\u00fal v podobe kr\u00e1snej \u017eeny; vyslovenie \u0161ah\u00e1dy (vyznania viery) ho prin\u00fatilo zmizn\u00fa\u0165. Gh\u00fali zv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa cestuj\u00facich z cesty, \u017eer\u00fa mrtvoly a v neskor\u0161om \u013eudovom podan\u00ed aj \u017eiv\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p><p>Prostredn\u00edctvom Tis\u00edcu a jednej noci sa t\u00e1to postava dostala do eur\u00f3pskeho povedomia. Anglick\u00fd v\u00fdraz \u201eghoul&#8220; v hororovej literat\u00fare a filme priamo vych\u00e1dza z arabsk\u00e9ho <em>gh\u016bl<\/em>, pri tom v\u0161ak str\u00e1ca \u0161pecifick\u00e9 p\u00fa\u0161tno-cintor\u00ednske aspekty. V modernom v\u00fdzname ozna\u010duje ghoul v\u0161eobecnej\u0161ie mrtvoly \u017eer\u00faceho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mona<\/span>, k\u00fdm arabsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia je presnej\u0161ia: p\u00fa\u0161\u0165, cintor\u00edn, premena na \u017eensk\u00fa podobu, \u00fastup pred vyznan\u00edm viery.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preh\u013ead: Gh\u00fal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> p\u00fa\u0161tny a cintor\u00ednsky <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo rozporn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span>, \u017eer\u00faci mrtvoly<br>P\u00f4vod: trieda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V Kor\u00e1ne bytosti z bezdymov\u00e9ho oh\u0148a so slobodnou v\u00f4\u013eou, ani anjeli, ani d\u00e9moni, ale samostatn\u00e9 stvorenie s vlastnou mor\u00e1lkou.\">d\u017einov<\/span>, so \u0161pecifickou funkciou<br>Texty: had\u00edty, al-Dam\u00edr\u00ed, Tis\u00edc a jedna noc, \u013eudov\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vania<br>\u010casov\u00e9 zaradenie: predislamsk\u00e1 doba a\u017e s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165<br>Pohlavie: mu\u017esk\u00e9 (gh\u00fal), \u017eensk\u00e9 (gh\u00fala, si&#8217;la), pri\u010dom druh\u00e9 je v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie zast\u00fapen\u00e9<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Predislamsky dolo\u017een\u00fd v arabskej po\u00e9zii doby D\u017e\u00e1hil\u00edja, prevzat\u00fd do islamskej trad\u00edcie. \u010ealej rozv\u00edjan\u00fd v had\u00edtoch, klasickej zool\u00f3gii (al-Dam\u00edr\u00ed, <em>Hayat al-Hayawan<\/em>), v Tis\u00edcu a jednej noci. Modern\u00e1 recepcia v literat\u00fare a filme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arabsk\u00fd polostrov ako oblas\u0165 p\u00f4vodu, roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd s arabsko-islamskou kult\u00farou. Modern\u00e1 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom hororov\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1nrov\u00e9ho pojmu \u201eghoul&#8220;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Predislamsk\u00e1 po\u00e9zia, had\u00edty (najm\u00e4 pri stretnut\u00ed s Muhammadom), al-Dam\u00edr\u00ed, al-Qazw\u00edn\u00ed, Tis\u00edc a jedna noc, etnografick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce o arabsko-severoafrickom \u013eudovom n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meno a varianty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Arabsky:<\/strong> <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> (singul\u00e1r), <em>gh\u012bl\u0101n<\/em> (plur\u00e1l); \u017eensk\u00e1 forma: <em>gh\u016bla<\/em>, \u010dastej\u0161ie <em>si&#8217;l\u0101(h)<\/em>.<br>Etymol\u00f3gia: kore\u0148 gh-w-l (\u201enie\u010do pohlti\u0165, zahubi\u0165&#8220;).<br>Angli\u010dtina\/franc\u00faz\u0161tina: ghoul \/ goule, priame prevzatia.<br>Pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9: Si&#8217;la (\u017eensk\u00fd variant gh\u00faly, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd).<\/p><p>\u017densk\u00e1 forma je v arabskej literat\u00fare obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdrazn\u00e1. Si&#8217;la sa premie\u0148a na kr\u00e1sne \u017eeny, l\u00e1ka mu\u017eov na osamel\u00e9 miesta a pohlcuje ich. Mu\u017esk\u00e1 forma sa \u010dastej\u0161ie zjavuje v podobe zviera\u0165a (osol, podobn\u00fd \u0161akalovi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vzh\u013ead<\/strong><\/p><p>Hybridn\u00fd a premenliv\u00fd. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 podoba: oslie kopyt\u00e1, strapat\u00e9 srsti, rohy. V \u013eudskej podobe: kr\u00e1sna \u017eena (Si&#8217;la) alebo l\u00e1kav\u00fd cudzinec. V zvieracej podobe: \u0161akal, hyena, osol.<\/p><p><strong>Chovanie<\/strong><\/p><p>L\u00e1ka cestuj\u00facich z cesty, najm\u00e4 v noci. Premie\u0148a sa na d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fa alebo pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00fa podobu. Na cintor\u00edne vykop\u00e1va hroby a \u017eerie mrtvoly. V najhor\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch zab\u00edja a \u017eerie \u017eiv\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong>Oblas\u0165 p\u00f4sobenia<\/strong><\/p><p>P\u00fa\u0161\u0165, karav\u00e1nov\u00e9 cesty, cintor\u00edny, osamel\u00e9 miesta. Akt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed v noci a v prechodn\u00fdch d\u0148och (koniec ramad\u00e1nu, ur\u010dit\u00e9 sviato\u010dn\u00e9 noci). Miestne trad\u00edcie pripisuj\u00fa gh\u00falov konkr\u00e9tnym miestam.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00e9 zaradenie<\/strong><\/p><p>Pod\u013ea klasickej trad\u00edcie poddruh d\u017einov. Predislamsky mo\u017eno samostatn\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria, nesk\u00f4r integrovan\u00e1 do hierarchie d\u017einov. \u017densk\u00ed gh\u00fali s\u00fa sp\u00e1jan\u00ed s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi cintor\u00ednskymi ritu\u00e1lmi.<\/p><h3>Vzh\u013ead a symbolika<\/h3><p>Gh\u00fali s\u00fa popisovan\u00ed ako podobn\u00ed siv\u00fdm mrtvol\u00e1m s pokr\u00faten\u00fdm telom a \u017eerav\u00fdmi o\u010dami. M\u00f4\u017eu na seba vzia\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00fa podobu. Niekedy p\u00f4sobia \u017eensk\u00ed gh\u00fali zvodne. Gh\u00fal p\u00e1chne rozkladom. Temnota a z\u00e1huba s\u00fa jeho znameniami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Gh\u00fal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie aspekty gh\u00fala na jeden poh\u013ead.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trad\u00edcia<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poddruh d\u017einov; predislamsky mo\u017eno samostatn\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria. Klasick\u00e1 postava arabskej p\u00fa\u0161tno-cintor\u00ednskej trad\u00edcie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vz\u0165ahuje sa na<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cestuj\u00faci samotn\u00ed v p\u00fa\u0161ti, karav\u00e1ny v noci, osamel\u00ed mu\u017ei. Na cintor\u00edne: sm\u00fatiaci a str\u00e1\u017ecovia hrobov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zobrazenie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meniaci podobu: oslie kopyt\u00e1 v z\u00e1kladnej podobe, kr\u00e1sna \u017eena (Si&#8217;la) alebo cudzinec ako l\u00e1kadlo, \u0161akal\/hyena\/osol ako zvieracia podoba.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oblas\u0165 p\u00f4sobenia<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u00e1ka z cesty, \u017eerie mrtvoly, zab\u00edja \u017eiv\u00fdch. Pomal\u00e9 pribl\u00ed\u017eenie prostredn\u00edctvom podvodu, nie n\u00e1hly \u00fatok.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formy ochrany<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vyslovenie \u0161ah\u00e1dy (vyznania viery), pod\u013ea had\u00edtu spo\u013eahliv\u00e1 ochrana. Necestova\u0165 s\u00e1m v noci, nevstupova\u0165 s\u00e1m na cintor\u00edny. Bismillah pred neist\u00fdmi krokmi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pendants<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157589\">Emp\u00fasa<\/a> (\u0161truktur\u00e1lne bl\u00edzka), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157596\">Striga<\/a>, Lamia, modern\u00e9 up\u00edrske a vlkola\u010die postavy, hororov\u00fd \u017e\u00e1nrov\u00fd ghoul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktick\u00e1 obrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h3>Prax vyznania viery (\u0161ah\u00e1dy)<\/h3><p>Sl\u00e1vny had\u00eds rozpr\u00e1va, ako Muhammad narazil na gh\u00fala a zahnal ho vysloven\u00edm \u0161ah\u00e1dy (\u201eNie je bo\u017estva okrem Alaha a Muhammad je jeho posol&#8220;). T\u00e1to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ako bo\u017estvo uctievan\u00e1 bytos\u0165 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">Gottheit<\/span> se objevuje v textu, prax dodnes plat\u00ed za klasick\u00fa obranu proti gh\u00falom.<\/p><p><strong>Pravidl\u00e1 spr\u00e1vania<\/strong><\/p><p>Necestova\u0165 v noci osamote; na cintor\u00edny vstupova\u0165 s \u00factou a s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slovn\u00e9 obr\u00e1tenie sa \u010dloveka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitbou<\/span>; pri vstupe do nezn\u00e1meho bydliska prednies\u0165 bazmalu; v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch taaw\u00fadh. V klasickej po\u00e9zii sa hrdina s gh\u00falom stret\u00e1va odv\u00e1\u017ene, neustupovanie sa pova\u017euje za \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob obrany.<\/p><h3>Amulety<\/h3><p>Kor\u00e1nov\u00e9 ver\u0161e v amuletoch hirz, najm\u00e4 ochrann\u00e9 s\u00fary a Ajat al-Kurs\u00ed. Salam\u00fanova pe\u010da\u0165 ako ochrann\u00e9 znamenie. V severnej Afrike ruka Hamsa a talizmany s kor\u00e1nov\u00fdmi ver\u0161ami.<\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakonov vo\u010di bo\u017estvu alebo sv\u00e4tej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> a uctievanie<\/h3><p>Gh\u00falovia sa neuctievaj\u00fa, ale sa ich boja a zah\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa. Kor\u00e1nov\u00e9 ver\u0161e sl\u00fa\u017eia ako ochrana. Cestuj\u00faci robili hluk, aby ich odpla\u0161ili. Be\u017en\u00e9 bolo aj kadidlo a modlitby. Mudrci a \u010darodejn\u00edci ich vedeli sp\u00fata\u0165, ale bolo to nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha gr\u00e9ckej a r\u00edmskej kult\u00fary, pribli\u017ene od 800 pred Kr. do 600 po Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiky<\/span> stredomorsk\u00fd svet:<\/strong> Emp\u00fasa a Lamia v gr\u00e9ckej trad\u00edcii, striga v r\u00edmskej, v\u0161etky ukazuj\u00fa vzor tvarmeniacej, zv\u00e1dzaj\u00facej no\u010dnej bytosti \u00fato\u010diacej na p\u00fatnikov. Priama z\u00e1vislos\u0165 nie je preuk\u00e1zan\u00e1, \u0161truktur\u00e1lne paralely s\u00fa v\u0161ak jednozna\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p><h3>Perzsk\u00e9 a stredo\u00e1zijsk\u00e9 trad\u00edcie<\/h3><p>Perzsk\u00fd <em>gh\u0101l<\/em> (v\u00fdznamovo miernej\u0161\u00ed), tureck\u00e9 varianty prevzali arabsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo v rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> a spojili ho s miestnymi duchmi.<\/p><p><strong>Recepcia na Z\u00e1pade:<\/strong> Ghoul anglickej hororovej literat\u00fary (Lovecraft a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed) a filmu priamo vych\u00e1dza z gh\u00fala. V z\u00e1padnom rolovom hran\u00ed a v popkult\u00fare sa ghoul stal v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm pojmom pre po\u017eiera\u010da mrtvol, konkr\u00e9tne atrib\u00faty gh\u00fala (p\u00fa\u0161\u0165, premena, obrana vyznan\u00edm viery) sa vytratili.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5421677 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5421677\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp359d29e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp359d29e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gh\u00fal v predislamskej a ran\u011b islamskej trad\u00edcii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6353b10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6353b10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd7035cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd7035cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>gh\u016bl<\/em> patr\u00ed medzi najstar\u0161ie postavy arabskej \u013eudovej predstavivosti a je dolo\u017een\u00fd u\u017e v predislamskej po\u00e9zii. V starej arabskej po\u00e9zii sa <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> objavuje ako bytos\u0165 p\u00fa\u0161te a osamel\u00fdch ciest, ktor\u00e1 zv\u00e1dza cestuj\u00facich z cesty, \u010d\u00edha na nich a pohlcuje ich.<\/p><p>Zn\u00e1ma je epiz\u00f3da zachovan\u00e1 vo viacer\u00fdch podaniach, v ktorej predislamsk\u00fd b\u00e1snik Ta\u02beabbata \u0160arran stretne v noci <em>gh\u016bla<\/em>, z\u00e1pas\u00ed s n\u00edm a poraz\u00ed ho. B\u00e1se\u0148, v ktorej sa t\u00fdmto stretnut\u00edm chv\u00e1li, patr\u00ed medzi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie doklady existencie tejto postavy.<\/p><p>Pr\u00edchodom islamu nebol <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd, no bol nanovo zaraden\u00fd do celkov\u00e9ho obrazu sveta. V prorockej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a pr\u00edbehov naprie\u010d gener\u00e1ciami.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcii<\/span>, had\u00edthe, sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00fdroky, ktor\u00e9 existenciu <em>gh\u016bla<\/em> \u010diasto\u010dne popieraj\u00fa alebo relativizuj\u00fa, \u010diasto\u010dne ho vykladaj\u00fa ako prejav <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157615\">d\u017einov<\/a>.<\/p><p>Jedna zn\u00e1ma trad\u00edcia rad\u00ed pri stretnut\u00ed s takouto bytos\u0165ou prednies\u0165 volanie k modlitbe. Islamsk\u00e1 u\u010denos\u0165 tak zaradila <em>gh\u016bla<\/em> do syst\u00e9mu d\u017einov: nie je samostatn\u00fdm stvoren\u00edm, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zlomyse\u013en\u00fdm, tvar meniacim d\u017einom.<\/p><p>Toto zaradenie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre religionistick\u00e9 pochopenie javu. Islam prevzal existuj\u00face \u013eudov\u00e9 postavy, no podriadil ich vlastnej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Predstava o usporiadan\u00ed a poriadku sveta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010ditej kult\u00fary.\" tabindex=\"0\">kozmol\u00f3gii<\/span>. <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> stratil postavenie samostatnej p\u00fa\u0161tnej bytosti a stal sa typom v r\u00e1mci hierarchie d\u017einov.<\/p><p>\u013dudov\u00e1 trad\u00edcia si popri tom udr\u017eala star\u0161iu, konkr\u00e9tnej\u0161iu predstavu, tak\u017ee <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> existuje dodnes v dvoch rovin\u00e1ch: ako teologicky zaraden\u00fd d\u017ein a ako p\u00f4sobiv\u00e1 stra\u0161ideln\u00e1 postava pr\u00edbehov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb10abd9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb10abd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3318b10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3318b10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etymol\u00f3gia a slovn\u00e9 pole z\u00e1huby<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp84f0b60 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp84f0b60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe8d9817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe8d9817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jazykovo patr\u00ed <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> ku kore\u0148u, ktor\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladn\u00fd v\u00fdznam sa sp\u00e1ja s uchopen\u00edm, chyten\u00edm a n\u00e1hlou skazou. Pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 sloveso ozna\u010duje prekvapiv\u00e9 zmocnenie sa, uchv\u00e1tenie, neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 ne\u0161\u0165astie, ktor\u00e9 \u010dloveka postihne.<\/p><p><em>gh\u016bl<\/em> je teda vo svojom p\u00f4vodnom zmysle \u201eten, kto uchvacuje&#8220;, bytos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 p\u00fatnika n\u00e1hle chyt\u00ed. T\u00e1to etymol\u00f3gia presne zodpoved\u00e1 jeho \u00falohe str\u00e1\u017ecu na osamel\u00fdch miestach.<\/p><p>Z toho ist\u00e9ho kore\u0148a je odvoden\u00fd aj pojem <em>gh\u012bla<\/em>, ozna\u010duj\u00faci zradn\u00fa, \u00fasko\u010dn\u00fa vra\u017edu. Jazykov\u00e1 bl\u00edzkos\u0165 medzi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo protire\u010div\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monom<\/span> a konceptom z\u00e1kern\u00e9ho prepadu nie je n\u00e1hoda: <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> steles\u0148uje presne tento druh hrozby, ktor\u00e1 neprich\u00e1dza v otvorenom boji, ale zo z\u00e1lohy.<\/p><p>Zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 je slovn\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria presahuj\u00faca arab\u010dinu. Prostredn\u00edctvom recepcie orient\u00e1lnej rozpr\u00e1va\u010dskej literat\u00fary, najm\u00e4 zbierky <em>Tis\u00edc a jedna noc<\/em>, sa slovo v osemn\u00e1stom a dev\u00e4tn\u00e1stom storo\u010d\u00ed dostalo do eur\u00f3pskych jazykov. Anglick\u00e9 <em>ghoul<\/em> a jeho ekvivalenty v in\u00fdch jazykoch s\u00fa priamymi v\u00fdpo\u017ei\u010dkami.<\/p><p>Pri tom sa posunul v\u00fdznam: zatia\u013e \u010do arabsk\u00fd <em>gh\u016bl<\/em> je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm bytos\u0165 p\u00fa\u0161te a ciest, ktor\u00e1 po\u017eiera \u017eiv\u00fdch p\u00fatnikov, eur\u00f3pske <em>ghoul<\/em> sa z\u00fa\u017eilo na hrob\u00e1ra a po\u017eiera\u010da mrtvol, bytos\u0165 cintor\u00ednov.<\/p><p>Toto z\u00fa\u017eenie v\u00fdznamu je n\u00e1zornou uk\u00e1\u017ekou toho, ako v\u00fdpo\u017ei\u010dka pretv\u00e1ra postavu: prevzat\u00e9 slovo si zachov\u00e1va zvuk, ale predstava sa prizsp\u00f4sobuje obav\u00e1m prij\u00edmaj\u00facej kult\u00fary.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2452c7b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2452c7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe0f82b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe0f82b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Si\u02bfl\u00e1t a \u017eensk\u00e1 varianta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp477b087 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp477b087\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdabba72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdabba72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arabsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a pr\u00edbehov naprie\u010d gener\u00e1ciami.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcia<\/span> pozn\u00e1 popri <em>gh\u016blovi<\/em> aj rad pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a \u010diasto\u010dne \u017eensk\u00fdch post\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 tento obraz dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa. Osobitne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je <em>si\u02bfl\u0101<\/em> (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo <em>si\u02bf\u0101l\u012b<\/em>), \u017eensk\u00e1 d\u00e9monka, ktor\u00e1 je v niektor\u00fdch prame\u0148och pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za man\u017eelku alebo poddruh <em>gh\u016bla<\/em>.<\/p><p><em>si\u02bfl\u0101<\/em> vystupuje v pr\u00edbehoch, v ktor\u00fdch sa premen\u00ed na kr\u00e1snu \u017eenu, vyd\u00e1 sa za mu\u017ea, porod\u00ed mu deti a \u017eije s n\u00edm, k\u00fdm sa neodhal\u00ed jej prav\u00e1 podstata a ona nezmizne alebo sa nestane nebezpe\u010dnou.<\/p><p>Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00faci sa obsahov\u00fd prvok v umen\u00ed alebo rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">mot\u00edv<\/span> nadprirodzenej man\u017eelky, ktorej p\u00f4vod zost\u00e1va utajen\u00fd, je v arabskej rozpr\u00e1va\u010dskej literat\u00fare bohato dolo\u017een\u00fd a sp\u00e1ja okruh <em>gh\u016bla<\/em> s medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdm rozpr\u00e1vkov\u00fdm typom. Niektor\u00e9 genealogick\u00e9 podania arabsk\u00fdch kme\u0148ov dokonca odvodzovali ur\u010dit\u00fdch predkov od spojenia so <em>si\u02bfl\u0101<\/em>, \u010do ukazuje, \u017ee t\u00e1to predstava nebola len stra\u0161ideln\u00fdm pr\u00edbehom, ale aj s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou rodov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u017densk\u00e1 varianta m\u00e1 in\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eisko ne\u017e mu\u017esk\u00fd p\u00fa\u0161tny <em>gh\u016bl<\/em>. Zatia\u013e \u010do ten ohrozuje surov\u00fdm n\u00e1sil\u00edm a pohlcovan\u00edm, <em>si\u02bfl\u0101<\/em> p\u00f4sob\u00ed klamom, zv\u00e1dzan\u00edm a prenikan\u00edm do dom\u00e1cej a rodinnej sf\u00e9ry. Nebezpe\u010denstvo sa tak pres\u00fava z osamelej cesty priamo do vlastn\u00e9ho domu.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa v tom odr\u00e1\u017ea rodovo podmienen\u00e9 rozdelenie strachu: na jednej strane obava z vonkaj\u0161ieho dravca, na druhej strane strach z nepreniknute\u013enej cudzinky vo vn\u00fatri rodiny. Obe postavy patria k sebe a a\u017e spolo\u010dne tvoria \u00fapln\u00fd obraz arabskej viery v <em>gh\u016bla<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00favisiace odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 intern\u00e9 odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157605\">Islam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157614\">Iblis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157615\">Jinn<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157616\">Shayatin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157617\">Ifrit<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157589\">Empusa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157596\">Striga<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157590\">Lamia<\/a> (paralely)<\/li><li>Tis\u00edc a jedna noc<\/li><li>Recepcia hororu na Z\u00e1pade<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara (v\u00fdber)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>V\u00fdber z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c o gh\u00falovi a pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch postav\u00e1ch:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Marzolph, Ulrich \/ van Leeuwen, Richard: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/arabiannightsenc0000unse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia<\/a><\/em>. Santa Barbara 2004.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>al-Rawi, Ahmed: \u201eThe Arabic Ghoul and its Western Transformation.&#8220; In: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 kult\u00fara so zvykmi, rozpr\u00e1vaniami a pies\u0148ami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Folkl\u00f3r<\/span><\/em> 120 (2009).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Henninger, Joseph: <em>Arabica Sacra<\/em>. Freiburg 1981.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Jayyusi, Salma K. (vyd.): <em>Modern Arabic Fiction<\/em>. New York 2005 (k liter\u00e1rnej recepcii).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u010eal\u0161ie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 diela v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157722\">zozname literat\u00fary<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-ghul-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-ghul-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-ghul\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-ghul-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-ghul-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Tu pop\u00edsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 prax je vedeck\u00fdm zaraden\u00edm historick\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed. iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na t\u00fato kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa linku prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov a predstavuje jej s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Viac o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1685,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Gh\u00fal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gh\u00fal - cintor\u00ednsky a p\u00fa\u0161tny d\u00e9mon","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gh\u00fal, cintor\u00ednsky a p\u00fa\u0161tny d\u00e9mon islamskej trad\u00edcie. P\u00f4vod modernej postavy gh\u00fala, so vz\u0165ahmi ku Kor\u00e1nu a Tis\u00edcu a jednej noci.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"islam","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-157618","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gh\u00fal - cintor\u00ednsky a p\u00fa\u0161tny d\u00e9mon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gh\u00fal, cintor\u00ednsky a p\u00fa\u0161tny d\u00e9mon islamskej trad\u00edcie. 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