{"id":157600,"date":"2026-09-04T22:15:06","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=157600"},"modified":"2026-09-04T22:37:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:37:22","slug":"shedim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/shedim\/","title":{"rendered":"Shedim"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"157600\" class=\"elementor elementor-157600 elementor-850\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shedim, d\u00e9mon \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcie<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shedim je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span> \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcie.<\/p><p>Klasick\u00fd pojem d\u00e9mona v judaizme, medzi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudom<\/span> a k\u00fazelnou miskou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e9mon \/ demonica: Nadprirodzen\u00e1 bytos\u0165 s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u0161kodliv\u00fdm alebo ambivalentn\u00fdm p\u00f4soben\u00edm. Stoj\u00ed medzi bohmi a \u013eu\u010fmi, sp\u00f4sobuje choroby, poku\u0161enie alebo ne\u0161\u0165astie a odh\u00e1\u0148a sa zakl\u00ednan\u00edm, apotropaikami a ritu\u00e1lmi.\">D\u00e9mon<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157588\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u017didovsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia od Tanachu po kabalu a novodob\u00fa mystiku.\">Judaizmus<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na tejto str\\u00e1nke sa nena\\u0161li \\u017eiadne nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-160004\" alt=\"Shedim - d\u00e9moni z trad\u00edcie judaizmus, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00e9\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Shedim<\/em> je naj\u0161ir\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd s\u00fahrnn\u00fd pojem pre d\u00e9monov v \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcii. Na rozdiel od Lilith, A\u0161modaja alebo Azazela toto slovo neozna\u010duje jedin\u00fa postavu, ale cel\u00fa triedu nevidite\u013en\u00fdch, \u010dasto nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 stoja medzi anjelmi a \u013eu\u010fmi.<\/p><p>V biblickej hebrej\u010dine sa vyskytuje len dvakr\u00e1t (Dt 32,17; \u017d 106,37), v rab\u00ednskej literat\u00fare sa v\u0161ak <em>shedim<\/em> st\u00e1va be\u017en\u00fdm term\u00ednom pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch d\u00e9monov v\u00f4bec.<\/p><p>Mno\u017estvo dokladov je enormn\u00e9. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> obsahuje mnoh\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy a pr\u00e1vne rozhodnutia, ktor\u00e9 s existenciou shedim po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa; aramejsk\u00e9 k\u00fazeln\u00e9 misky ich menovite zakl\u00ednaj\u00fa; stredovek\u00ed kabalisti ich zara\u010fuj\u00fa do hierarchi\u00ed \u201edruhej strany&#8220;.<\/p><p>Pojem sa pou\u017e\u00edva a\u017e do modernej chasidskej \u013eudovej religiozity. Jeho etymol\u00f3gia ho sp\u00e1ja s mezopot\u00e1mskym <em>shedu<\/em> (ochrann\u00fd duch, \u010diasto\u010dne aj hroziv\u00fd), \u010do je jeden z najhustej\u0161\u00edch jazykovo-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch mostov medzi Mezopot\u00e1miou a judaizmom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00fdchly preh\u013ead: Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Typ:<\/strong> s\u00fahrnn\u00fd pojem pre d\u00e9monov a nevidite\u013en\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 bytosti<br>P\u00f4vod: pravdepodobne mezopot\u00e1msky (<em>shedu<\/em>), prevzat\u00fd do biblickej hebrej\u010diny<br>Texty: Dt 32,17; \u017d 106,37; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> (mimo in\u00e9 Pesachim 110, 112); aramejsk\u00e9 k\u00fazeln\u00e9 misky; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabala<\/span><br>\u010casov\u00fd r\u00e1mec: predexiln\u00e9 obdobie a\u017e s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165<br>Roz\u0161\u00edrenie: Babylonia, Palest\u00edna, celosvetov\u00e1 diaspora<br>Ochrana: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1tenie sa \u010dloveka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitba<\/span>, magia mien, amulety, mezuza, rab\u00ednsky upraven\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 \u00fakony<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaradenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeitraum der Texte<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obe biblick\u00e9 miesta s\u00fa v kontexte polemiky proti modl\u00e1rskym obet\u00e1m; shedim s\u00fa tu \u201ecudzie mocnosti&#8220;, ktor\u00fdm Izrael neopr\u00e1vnene prin\u00e1\u0161a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyjadrenie v\u010faky, prosby alebo \u00facty.\" tabindex=\"0\">obete<\/span>. Ich rozpracovanie prebieha v rab\u00ednskej literat\u00fare 3. \u2013 6. storo\u010dia po Kr., najm\u00e4 v babylonskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmude<\/span>. Aramejsk\u00e9 k\u00fazeln\u00e9 misky (4. \u2013 7. storo\u010die) poskytuj\u00fa bohat\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 poznatky. Stredovek\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabala<\/span> a \u013eudov\u00e1 magia t\u00fato trad\u00edciu \u010falej rozv\u00edjaj\u00fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verbreitungsraum<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Centrom je Babylonia (S\u00e1s\u00e1novsk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a), kde vznikaj\u00fa k\u00fazeln\u00e9 misky. \u010ealej Palest\u00edna a cel\u00e1 neskor\u0161ia diaspora. V modern\u00fdch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch po celom svete je tento pojem st\u00e1le pr\u00edtomn\u00fd, najm\u00e4 v ortodoxnom a chasidskom prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jednotliv\u00e9 biblick\u00e9 miesta, rab\u00ednska literat\u00fara (Mi\u0161na, Tosefta, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>), midra\u0161sk\u00e9 texty, aramejsk\u00e9 k\u00fazeln\u00e9 misky v stovk\u00e1ch exempl\u00e1rov, stredovek\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabala<\/span> (Sefer Raziel, Zohar), amulety, modern\u00e9 \u013eudovon\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00edru\u010dky. Ide o jednu z najlep\u0161ie dokumentovan\u00fdch tried d\u00e9monov v celom stredomorskom priestore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010denie a sp\u00f4soby z\u00e1pisu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebrejsky:<\/strong> <em>shed<\/em> (\u05e9\u05b5\u05c1\u05d3, singul\u00e1r), <em>shedim<\/em> (\u05e9\u05b5\u05c1\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd, plur\u00e1l).<br>Aramejsky: <em>sh\u012bd\u0101<\/em>, plur\u00e1l <em>sh\u012bd\u0113<\/em>.<br>Pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 pojmy: <em>mazzikim<\/em> (\u0161kodcovia), <em>ruchot ra&#8217;ot<\/em> (zl\u00ed duchovia), <em>lilin<\/em> (no\u010dn\u00e9 bytosti). V\u0161etky ozna\u010duj\u00fa prekr\u00fdvaj\u00face sa, nie v\u0161ak toto\u017en\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie.<\/p><p>Pravdepodobn\u00fd p\u00f4vod z mezopot\u00e1mskeho <em>shedu<\/em> (ochrann\u00fd duch v podobe b\u00fdka pri br\u00e1nach <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na uctievanie jedn\u00e9ho alebo viacer\u00fdch bo\u017estiev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mov<\/span> a pal\u00e1cov) je jazykovo zauj\u00edmav\u00fd: to, \u010do bolo v Mezopot\u00e1mii ochrannou silou, sa v Izraeli st\u00e1va hrozbou. To odzrkad\u013euje religionisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 postavenie biblick\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Viera v jedin\u00e9ho boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteizmu<\/span> \u2013 to, \u010do in\u00ed uctievali ako ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estv\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v izraelskom syst\u00e9me len <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monom<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Zjav<\/strong><\/p><p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nevidite\u013en\u00ed. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> ich opisuje s humorom: \u201eKto chce vidie\u0165 ich stopy, nech si posype popelom okolie svojej postele, r\u00e1no uvid\u00ed kuracie stopy.&#8220; Niektor\u00e9 texty im pripisuj\u00fa kr\u00eddla, \u013eudsk\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fa podobu a nie-\u013eudsk\u00e9 nohy. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1uka o obrazov\u00fdch mot\u00edvoch a ich v\u00fdzname.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikonografia<\/span> na magick\u00fdch misk\u00e1ch ich zobrazuje sp\u00fatan\u00fdch, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v \u013eudskej podobe.<\/p><p><strong>Spr\u00e1vanie<\/strong><\/p><p>Shedim ob\u00fdvaj\u00fa ne\u010dist\u00e9 miesta (ruiny, latr\u00edny, cintor\u00edny), hranice a prechodov\u00e9 miesta. Sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa choroby, ru\u0161ia sp\u00e1nok, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa spory, zv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. Na rozdiel od Lilith nemaj\u00fa konkr\u00e9tnu oblas\u0165 p\u00f4sobenia, s\u00fa \u201ev\u0161eobecnou&#8220; demonickou hrozbou ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p><p><strong>Oblas\u0165 p\u00f4sobenia<\/strong><\/p><p>Ne\u010dist\u00e9 miesta, prechody, no\u010dn\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie, cesty. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> uv\u00e1dza konkr\u00e9tne rizikov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny: hrany, prahy dver\u00ed, studne, latr\u00edny, cesty za s\u00famraku.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologick\u00fd p\u00f4vod<\/strong><\/p><p>Midra\u0161sk\u00e9 trad\u00edcie poznaj\u00fa viacero p\u00f4vodov: ako posledn\u00e9 bytosti stvoren\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a, ako potomkovia Adama a Lilith, ako bytosti stvoren\u00e9 z prachu, ktor\u00e9 zostali nedokon\u010den\u00e9 pred ukon\u010den\u00edm stvorenia. Rozmanitos\u0165 t\u00fdchto rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed je sama osebe v\u00fdrazom otvorenosti tejto kateg\u00f3rie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie aspekty Shedim na jeden poh\u013ead. Podrobnosti o mene, opise, ochrane a paralel\u00e1ch n\u00e1jdete v nasleduj\u00facich \u010dastiach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00f4vod<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zbierny pojem, nie jedin\u00e1 bytos\u0165. Etymologicky pravdepodobne prevzat\u00e9 z mezopot\u00e1mskeho v\u00fdrazu <em>shedu<\/em>, v biblickej a rab\u00ednskej hebrej\u010dine obr\u00e1ten\u00e9 do negat\u00edvneho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cie\u013eov\u00e1 skupina Shedim<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 hrozba. \u013dudia, ktor\u00ed sa zdr\u017eiavaj\u00fa na ne\u010dist\u00fdch miestach alebo na prahoch; cestuj\u00faci za s\u00famraku; spiaci bez ochrannej formuly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zjav<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nevidite\u013en\u00ed. Pr\u00edle\u017eitostne opisovan\u00ed s kurac\u00edmi nohami, kr\u00eddlami a \u013eudskou hornou \u010das\u0165ou tela. Na magick\u00fdch misk\u00e1ch zobrazovan\u00ed v \u013eudskej podobe a sp\u00fatan\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkcia<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Choroby, no\u010dn\u00e9 ru\u0161enie, spory, n\u00e1hly strach. \u0160kodliv\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie bez konkr\u00e9tnej tematickej \u0161pecializ\u00e1cie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1tenie \u010dloveka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Modlitba<\/span>, m\u00e1gia mien, amulety, mezuza na dver\u00e1ch, ochrann\u00e9 formuly pri vstupe na ne\u010dist\u00e9 miesta. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> uv\u00e1dza podrobn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 spr\u00e1vania (napr\u00edklad pri ceste na latr\u00ednu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00favisiace bytosti<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mezopot\u00e1mske <em>shedu<\/em>\/<em>lamassu<\/em> (etymologicky pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9), gr\u00e9cke <em>daimones<\/em> (podobn\u00e1 zbierna kateg\u00f3ria), kres\u0165ansk\u00ed d\u00e9moni v\u0161eobecne, arabsk\u00e9 <em>jinn<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktick\u00e1 obrana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritu\u00e1ly na odvr\u00e1tenie<\/strong><\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> uv\u00e1dza podrobn\u00e9 pokyny: ochrann\u00e9 formuly pri vstupe do latr\u00edny, trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 odp\u013eutie pri ur\u010dit\u00fdch stretnutiach, um\u00fdvanie r\u00fak po zobuden\u00ed. Tieto mal\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly udr\u017euj\u00fa Shedim v odstupe bez toho, aby sa s nimi priamo rokovalo.<\/p><p><strong>Zakl\u00ednania<\/strong><\/p><p>Aramejsk\u00e9 magick\u00e9 misky s\u00fa najbohat\u0161\u00edm prame\u0148om. Ich texty zakl\u00ednaj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 Shedim menovite, via\u017eu ich Bo\u017e\u00edmi menami a menami anjelov a odkazuj\u00fa ich sp\u00e4\u0165 na ne\u010dist\u00e9 miesta. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 logika: kto pozn\u00e1 meno Sheda, m\u00e1 nad n\u00edm moc.<\/p><p><strong>Amulety a ochrann\u00e9 symboly<\/strong><\/p><p>Mezuza na ka\u017edom dverovom rohu, Bo\u017eie meno <em>\u0160addaj<\/em> na nej plat\u00ed za str\u00e1\u017ecu. Kimpetzettel pre \u0161estonedie\u013eku a novorodenca. Amulety s ver\u0161mi \u017ealmov a menami anjelov. Ruka Chamsa proti zl\u00e9mu poh\u013eadu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mezopot\u00e1mia<\/strong><\/p><p>Meno pravdepodobne poch\u00e1dza z v\u00fdrazu <em>shedu<\/em>, tam ochrann\u00fd b\u00fdk, tu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo protire\u010div\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9mon<\/span>. T\u00e1to zmena v\u00fdznamu je vzorov\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorickej premeny.<\/p><p><strong>Islamsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia<\/strong><\/p><p>Arabsk\u00e9 <em>jinn<\/em> prevzali \u0161truktur\u00e1lne mnoh\u00e9 znaky Shedim: triedu nevidite\u013en\u00fdch medzibytost\u00ed, ambivalentn\u00fdch, medzi \u010dlovekom a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00fd posol Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">anjelom<\/span>. Paralely s\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, aj ke\u010f priamu z\u00e1vislos\u0165 nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 dok\u00e1za\u0165.<\/p><p><strong>Modern\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 kult\u00fara so zvykmi, rozpr\u00e1vaniami a pies\u0148ami.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3r<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Vo v\u00fdchodoeur\u00f3psko-chasidsk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00e1ch zost\u00e1va predstava Shedim \u017eiv\u00e1. Modern\u00e1 literat\u00fara (I. B. Singer, pr\u00edbehy o dybukoch) na \u0148u nav\u00e4zuje. V s\u00fa\u010dasnej izraelskej hebrej\u010dine sa slovo <em>shed<\/em> \u013eudovo pou\u017e\u00edva vo v\u00fdzname \u201e\u0161ibal&#8220; alebo \u201e\u0161kriatok&#8220;, \u010do je ambivalentn\u00e9 a zjemnen\u00e9 pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0ac5bb5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0ac5bb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp56528b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp56528b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zop\u00e1r biblick\u00fdch zmienok a probl\u00e9m prekladu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc36c61c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc36c61c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2c0977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc2c0977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hebrejsk\u00e9 slovo <em>schedim<\/em> sa v celom Tanachu vyskytuje iba na dvoch miestach, obidva razy v plur\u00e1li. V knihe Deuteron\u00f3mium sa Izraelu vy\u010d\u00edta, \u017ee obetoval <em>schedim<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa \u017eiadnym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytos\u0165 uctievan\u00e1 ako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvom<\/span>, ale nov\u00fdmi bohmi, ktor\u00fdch otcovia nepoznali.<\/p><p>V jednom \u017ealme sa hovor\u00ed, \u017ee \u013eud obetoval synov a dc\u00e9ry <em>schedim<\/em>, \u010d\u00edm preliali nevinn\u00fa krv. Obe miesta \u00fazko sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa toto slovo so zak\u00e1zan\u00fdm obetn\u00fdm kultom, najm\u00e4 s detsk\u00fdmi obe\u0165ami prin\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdmi cudz\u00edm mocnostiam.<\/p><p>U\u017e t\u00e1to skromn\u00e1 dokladov\u00e1 z\u00e1klad\u0148a jasne ukazuje, \u017ee biblick\u00fd n\u00e1lez hovor\u00ed len m\u00e1lo o povahe t\u00fdchto bytost\u00ed. Texty s\u00fa polemick\u00e9, chc\u00fa znev\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 cudzie kulty, nie rozvin\u00fa\u0165 d\u00e9monol\u00f3giu. <em>Schedim<\/em> tu vystupuje ako s\u00fahrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre pr\u00edjemcov kultu, ktor\u00fd biblick\u00ed autori ozna\u010duj\u00fa za modloslu\u017eobn\u00edcky a krvav\u00fd.<\/p><p>B\u00e1danie s ve\u013ekou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou sp\u00e1ja toto slovo s akkadsk\u00fdm <em>schedu<\/em>. To v mezopot\u00e1mskej oblasti ozna\u010dovalo ochrann\u00e9ho ducha, \u010dasto v podobe okr\u00eddlen\u00e9ho b\u00fd\u010dieho mu\u017ea, ktor\u00fd str\u00e1\u017eil br\u00e1ny pal\u00e1cov a chr\u00e1mov.<\/p><p>To, \u010do bolo v Mezopot\u00e1mii dobroprajn\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm g\u00e9niom, sa v hebrejskej Biblii premenilo na cudziu, nelegit\u00edmnu moc, ktorej sa obetova\u0165 nesmie.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to reinterpret\u00e1cia je dobr\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9ho vzoru. Bohovia a duchovia susedn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov nie s\u00fa v biblickom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Viera v jedin\u00e9ho boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteizme<\/span> popieran\u00ed, ale zneva\u017eovan\u00ed, nie s\u00fa to skuto\u010dn\u00e9 bo\u017estv\u00e1, ale iba <em>schedim<\/em>, ktor\u00fdm sa nesmie venova\u0165 \u017eiadny legit\u00edmny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"S\u00fahrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakonov uctievania venovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu alebo posv\u00e4tnej postave.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>.<\/p><p>Neskor\u0161ia \u017eidovsk\u00e1 d\u00e9monol\u00f3gia tak nemala takmer \u017eiadny biblick\u00fd z\u00e1klad, na ktorom by mohla stava\u0165, a musela obraz t\u00fdchto bytost\u00ed do ve\u013ekej miery vytvori\u0165 nanovo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp01ffe67 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp01ffe67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4c67ed9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4c67ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utv\u00e1ranie \u0161edim v rab\u00ednskej literat\u00fare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeb7801e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpeb7801e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75df800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp75df800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A\u017e rab\u00ednska literat\u00fara, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm babylonsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> a s\u00favisiace v\u00fdkladov\u00e9 diela, urobila z hol\u00e9ho biblick\u00e9ho slova prepracovan\u00fa triedu d\u00e9monov. Tu sa Schedim javia ako po\u010detn\u00e1, v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e1 trieda bytost\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u010casto citovan\u00e1 pas\u00e1\u017e v talmudickom trakt\u00e1te Berachot opisuje, \u017ee Schedim obklopuj\u00fa \u013eud\u00ed v nesmiernom po\u010dte, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u00e1 tis\u00edce po \u013eavici a po pravici, a \u017ee tla\u010denica v u\u010dili\u0161ti alebo \u00fanava kolien poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z ich p\u00f4sobenia.<\/p><p>Rab\u00edni zaradili Schedim do medzipostavenia.<\/p><p>Zn\u00e1my text uv\u00e1dza tri vlastnosti, v ktor\u00fdch sa podobaj\u00fa slu\u017eobn\u00fdm anjelom, maj\u00fa kr\u00eddla, lietaj\u00fa z jedn\u00e9ho konca sveta na druh\u00fd a vedia, \u010do pr\u00edde, a tri, v ktor\u00fdch sa podobaj\u00fa \u013eu\u010fom, jedia a pij\u00fa, mno\u017eia sa a umieraj\u00fa.<\/p><p>Schedim tak stoja medzi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch nebesk\u00e1 poslov\u00e1 bytos\u0165 Boha.\" tabindex=\"0\">anjelom<\/span> a \u010dlovekom, s\u00fa dostato\u010dne telesn\u00ed na to, aby zomreli, a dostato\u010dne duchovn\u00ed na to, aby vlastnili skryt\u00e9 vedomosti.<\/p><p>O ich p\u00f4vode kolovali r\u00f4zne predstavy. Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed naprie\u010d gener\u00e1ciami.\" tabindex=\"0\">trad\u00edcia<\/span> ich sp\u00e1ja so s\u00famrakom \u0161iesteho d\u0148a stvorenia, kedy Boh stvoril ich du\u0161e, no pre nastupuj\u00faci \u0161abat u\u017e nedokon\u010dil ich tel\u00e1, tak\u017ee zostali nedokon\u010den\u00e9 medzi sf\u00e9rami. In\u00e9 texty odvodzuj\u00fa niektor\u00fdch d\u00e9monov od Adama.<\/p><p>Rab\u00ednska literat\u00fara tie\u017e vytvorila men\u00e1 jednotliv\u00fdch vodcov, poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o ich ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdch miestach pobytu, napr\u00edklad ruin\u00e1ch, latr\u00ednach, tieni stromov a osamel\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch v noci, a uv\u00e1dza \u010dasy zvl\u00e1\u0161tneho nebezpe\u010denstva. Tak sa z biblick\u00e9ho s\u00fahrnn\u00e9ho pojmu stal podrobn\u00fd syst\u00e9m u\u010denia, ktor\u00fd prenikal ka\u017edodenn\u00fdm \u017eivotom.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5910d47 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5910d47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf11b154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf11b154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrana a obrana v \u017eidovskom ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe1b0a3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe1b0a3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1bd9a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1bd9a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ak je svet pod\u013ea rab\u00ednskej predstavy hust\u043e ob\u00fdvan\u00fd <em>\u0161edim<\/em>, potom si ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot vy\u017eaduje ochrann\u00e9 opatrenia. \u017didovsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia po\u010das st\u00e1ro\u010d\u00ed vytvorila bohat\u00fd reperto\u00e1r obrann\u00fdch a prevent\u00edvnych prakt\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmudu<\/span>, z neskor\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vnych spisov a z \u013eudovej praxe.<\/p><p>V centre stoj\u00ed slovo. Vyslovovanie po\u017eehnan\u00ed, \u0161t\u00fadium <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u00e4\u0165 Moj\u017ei\u0161ov\u00fdch kn\u00edh, z\u00e1kladn\u00fd s\u00fabor spisov judaizmu.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f3ry<\/span> a najm\u00e4 predn\u00e1\u0161anie ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017ealmov, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm takzvan\u00e9ho \u017ealmu proti moru, sa pova\u017eovalo za \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa ochranu.<\/p><p>Aj \u0160ema, \u017eidovsk\u00e9 vyznanie viery, ktor\u00e9 sa hovor\u00ed pred span\u00edm, sa ch\u00e1palo ako obrana proti no\u010dn\u00fdm desom. Mezuza na dverovom r\u00e1mci, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje ver\u0161e z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u00e4\u0165 Moj\u017ei\u0161ov\u00fdch kn\u00edh, z\u00e1kladn\u00fd s\u00fabor spisov judaizmu.\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00f3ry<\/span>, pod\u013ea v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho presved\u010denia chr\u00e1ni aj samotn\u00fd dom pred \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi silami.<\/p><p>Ved\u013ea toho existovali konkr\u00e9tne pravidl\u00e1 spr\u00e1vania. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> odpor\u00fa\u010da vyh\u00fdba\u0165 sa ur\u010dit\u00fdm rizikov\u00fdm miestam, neprech\u00e1dza\u0165 s\u00e1m a v noci cez ruiny, nepi\u0165 vodu, ktor\u00e1 st\u00e1la otvoren\u00e1 cel\u00fa noc, a na nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch miestach neprech\u00e1dza\u0165 medzi dvoma \u013eu\u010fmi ani medzi dvoma stromami.<\/p><p>K t\u00fdmto predpisom patrilo aj vykon\u00e1vanie ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u00fakonov v p\u00e1roch a vyh\u00fdbanie sa p\u00e1rnym \u010d\u00edslam v ur\u010dit\u00fdch s\u00favislostiach.<\/p><p>V \u013eudovej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a prax \u010dloveka.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1bo\u017enosti<\/span>, najm\u00e4 v prostred\u00ed luri\u00e1nskej <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00fad \u017eidovskej mystiky s hlavn\u00fdmi dielami ako Sefer Jecira a Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabaly<\/span> a v\u00fdchodoeur\u00f3pskeho judaizmu, sa k tomu pridali amulety, pop\u00edsan\u00e9 pergameny s Bo\u017e\u00edmi menami, menami anjelov a biblick\u00fdmi ver\u0161ami, ktor\u00e9 sa nosili na tele alebo umiest\u0148ovali v dome.<\/p><p>Ich pou\u017e\u00edvanie bolo obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 pri ochrane rodi\u010diek a novorodencov, ktor\u00ed sa pova\u017eovali za zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ohrozen\u00fdch. Tieto praktiky ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u0161edim neboli iba teoretickou n\u00e1ukou, ale realitou, s ktorou \u017eit\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u017eivot denne po\u010d\u00edtal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp50c27ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp50c27ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3772d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3772d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Salamon, vl\u00e1da nad d\u00e9monmi a neskor\u0161ia tvorba legiend<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp466c7cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp466c7cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24567e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp24567e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osobitn\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00e1 l\u00ednia sp\u00e1ja <em>\u0161edim<\/em> s kr\u00e1\u013eom Salamonom. Vych\u00e1dza z biblick\u00e9ho zobrazenia, ktor\u00e9 Salamonovi pripisuje v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa m\u00fadros\u0165 a vl\u00e1du nad cel\u00fdm stvoren\u00edm, a z toho rozv\u00edja predstavu, \u017ee kr\u00e1\u013e ovl\u00e1dal aj duchov a d\u00e9monov.<\/p><p>V babylonskom <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmude<\/span> sa u\u017e nach\u00e1dza podrobn\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie, v ktorom Salamon zajme vl\u00e1dcu d\u00e9monov pomocou pe\u010datn\u00e9ho prste\u0148a s vyryt\u00fdm Bo\u017e\u00edm menom a don\u00fati ho sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 pri stavbe chr\u00e1mu. V priebehu pr\u00edbehu Salamon vlastnou p\u00fdchou do\u010dasne strat\u00ed moc nad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Duchovn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alebo protire\u010div\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e9monom<\/span>.<\/p><p>Toto talmudsk\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vanie sa stalo z\u00e1rodkom rozsiahlej pobiblickej legend\u00e1rnej trad\u00edcie. V neskor\u0161\u00edch textoch, vznikaj\u00facich \u010diasto\u010dne mimo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu, sa Salamon st\u00e1va ve\u013ek\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcom nad d\u00e9monmi, ktor\u00fd pozn\u00e1 ich men\u00e1, ich zodpovednosti a prostriedky na ich zdolanie.<\/p><p>Na tejto predstave stavia \u010das\u0165 \u017eidovskej a od nej ovplyvnenej magickej literat\u00fary stredoveku.<\/p><p>Vedecky je t\u00e1to l\u00ednia zauj\u00edmav\u00e1, preto\u017ee ukazuje, ako sa zo stru\u010dn\u00fdch biblick\u00fdch n\u00e1znakov a jednotliv\u00fdch talmudsk\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed rozvinie cel\u00fd \u017e\u00e1ner. Pe\u010datn\u00fd prste\u0148, zoznam d\u00e9monov s ich vlastnos\u0165ami, my\u0161lienka, \u017ee poznanie mena d\u00e1va moc nad bytos\u0165ou, to v\u0161etko sa stalo pevn\u00fdmi stavebn\u00fdmi kame\u0148mi.<\/p><p>S\u00fa\u010dasne zostal normat\u00edvny rab\u00ednsky judaizmus vo\u010di praktick\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 privies\u0165 alebo sp\u00fata\u0165 nejak\u00fa silu.\" tabindex=\"0\">zakl\u00ednaniu<\/span> d\u00e9monov zdr\u017eanliv\u00fd a\u017e odmietav\u00fd. Salamonovsk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia sa tak \u010dasto pohybovala na okraji ofici\u00e1lneho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo za jeho hranicami.<\/p><p>Dokazuje v\u0161ak, \u017ee <em>\u0161edim<\/em> sa nech\u00e1pali len ako hrozba, ale aj ako sily, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 a ktor\u00fdch moc mohol vyu\u017ei\u0165 dostato\u010dne m\u00fadry a n\u00e1bo\u017en\u00fd \u010dlovek. Toto nap\u00e4tie medzi obranou a ovl\u00e1dan\u00edm prenik\u00e1 cel\u00fdm \u017eidovsk\u00fdm vyrovn\u00e1van\u00edm sa so \u0161edim.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u00favisiace odkazy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 intern\u00e9 odkazy:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157588\">Judaizmus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157599\">Lilith<\/a> (konkr\u00e9tna z\u00e1stupky\u0148a tejto triedy)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157601\">Asmodaj<\/a> (kr\u00e1\u013e hierarchie Shedim)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157575\">Mezopot\u00e1mia<\/a> (etymol\u00f3gia shedu)<\/li><li>Aramejsk\u00e9 zakl\u00ednacie misky<\/li><li>Mezuza a \u017eidovsk\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 amulety<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odborn\u00e1 literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>V\u00fdber k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch pr\u00e1c o Shedim a \u017eidovskej d\u00e9monol\u00f3gii:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Naveh, Joseph \/ Shaked, Shaul: <em>Amulets and Magic Bowls<\/em>. Jerusalem 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Schrire, Theodore: <em>Hebrew Magic Amulets<\/em>. London 1966.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bar-Ilan, Meir: \u201eBetween Magic and Religion. Sympathetic Magic in the World of the Sages.&#8220; In: <em>Review of Rabbinic Judaism<\/em> 5 (2002).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Harari, Yuval: <em>Jewish Magic before the Rise of Kabbalah<\/em>. Detroit 2017.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Trachtenberg, Joshua: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/jewishmagicsuper0000josh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jewish Magic and Superstition<\/a><\/em>. New York 1939 (nov\u00e9 vydanie Philadelphia 2004).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 literat\u00fara (judaizmus):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Hutter, Manfred<\/strong>: <em>Lilith. In: Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. 2. vyd. Leiden 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>\u010eal\u0161ie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 diela v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/sk\/?page_id=157722\">zozname literat\u00fary<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-shedim-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-shedim-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-shedim\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-shedim-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-shedim-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Tu pop\u00edsan\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 prax je vedeck\u00fdm zaraden\u00edm historick\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed. iWell Guard nadv\u00e4zuje na t\u00fato kult\u00farno-historick\u00fa linku prenosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch predmetov a predstavuje jej s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa formu. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Viac o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69c47af e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69c47af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e92870b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e92870b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Shedim<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>\u010co s\u00fa Shedim v \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcii?<\/h3><p>Shedim (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od Shed, hebrejsky \u05e9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd) s\u00fa v \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcii triedou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Beztelesn\u00e1 bytos\u0165, ktorej sa pripisuje p\u00f4sobenie vo svete.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchovn\u00fdch<\/span> bytost\u00ed, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou charakterizovan\u00fdch ako de\u0161trukt\u00edvne alebo aspo\u0148 mor\u00e1lne ambivalentn\u00e9.<\/p><p>V Tanachu sa tento pojem vyskytuje len zriedka (5. Moj\u017ei\u0161ova 32,17; \u017dalm 106,37), kde ozna\u010duje pohansk\u00fdch bohov, ktor\u00fdm Izraeliti obetovali svojich synov. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmude<\/span> (najm\u00e4 Pesachim 110a-112b) s\u00fa Shedim opisovan\u00ed ako re\u00e1lne, nadprirodzen\u00e9 bytosti, ktor\u00e9 \u017eij\u00fa na z\u00e1chodoch, na kri\u017eovatk\u00e1ch ciest, vo dedin\u00e1ch a v t\u0155\u0148ov\u00fdch kr\u00edkoch.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Ako sa Shedim l\u00ed\u0161ia od Mazzikim a Lilin?<\/h3><p>\u017didovsk\u00e1 demonol\u00f3gia rozli\u0161uje viacero tried: Shedim s\u00fa najv\u0161eobecnej\u0161ou triedou, telu podobn\u00e9, inteligentn\u00e9 bytosti so slobodnou v\u00f4\u013eou. Mazzikim (\u0161kodcovia) s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 \u0161pecificky na sp\u00f4sobovanie \u0161kody. Lilin s\u00fa potomkovia Lilith, no\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00e9monky.<\/p><p>Ruchot s\u00fa \u010disto duchovn\u00e9 bytosti, niekedy zosnul\u00e9 du\u0161e. V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hlavn\u00e9 dielo rab\u00ednskeho judaizmu s v\u00fdkladom n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej trad\u00edcie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmude<\/span> (Chagiga 16a) sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Shedim maj\u00fa s \u013eu\u010fmi spolo\u010dn\u00e9 tri vlastnosti (jedenie, rozmno\u017eovanie, smrte\u013enos\u0165) a s anjelmi tri (kr\u00eddla, v\u0161evedomos\u0165, nevidite\u013enos\u0165) \u2014 s\u00fa to prechodn\u00e9 bytosti.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\u010co s\u00fa Shedim v \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcii?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Shedim (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od Shed, hebrejsky \u05e9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd) s\u00fa v \u017eidovskej trad\u00edcii triedou duchovn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou charakterizovan\u00fdch ako de\u0161trukt\u00edvne alebo aspo\u0148 mor\u00e1lne ambivalentn\u00e9.V Tanachu sa tento pojem vyskytuje len zriedka (5. 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V Talmude (Chagiga 16a) sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Shedim maj\u00fa s \u013eu\u010fmi spolo\u010dn\u00e9 tri vlastnosti (jedenie, rozmno\u017eovanie, smrte\u013enos\u0165) a s anjelmi tri (kr\u00eddla, v\u0161evedomos\u0165, nevidite\u013enos\u0165) \u2014 s\u00fa to prechodn\u00e9 bytosti.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1690,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Shedim","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Shedim - Klasick\u00fd pojem d\u00e9mona v judaizme","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem d\u00e9mona v judaizme: medzi Talmudom a k\u00fazelnou miskou, s mezopot\u00e1mskymi kore\u0148mi. Religionistick\u00e9 zaradenie.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"judentum","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-157600","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Shedim - Klasick\u00fd pojem d\u00e9mona v judaizme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shedim, klasick\u00fd pojem d\u00e9mona v judaizme: medzi Talmudom a k\u00fazelnou miskou, s mezopot\u00e1mskymi kore\u0148mi. 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