{"id":106373,"date":"2026-08-04T17:37:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:37:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/perun-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T17:38:20","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:38:20","slug":"perun","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/perun\/","title":{"rendered":"Perun"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"106373\" class=\"elementor elementor-106373 elementor-1987\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perun, zeul tradi\u021biei slave<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun este zeul suprem al tunetului \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> slav\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 fulgerul, tunetul \u0219i for\u021ba cerului. Central din punct de vedere religios p\u00e2n\u0103 la cre\u0219tinarea din secolele X-XI, ulterior cu influen\u021b\u0103 cultural\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cultura popular\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie, cu obiceiuri, nara\u021biuni \u0219i c\u00e2ntece.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclor<\/span> \u0219i \u00een practici regionale p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. Profilul \u00eel \u00eencadreaz\u0103 pe Perun, zeul tradi\u021biei slave, \u00een relat\u0103rile despre tunet, stejar \u0219i puterea asupra vremii. Zeul suprem al slavilor este numit aici pe nume, iar al\u0103turi sunt puse rolurile \u0219i leg\u0103turile rituale care i se atribuie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-slavi\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologie slav\u0103 \u0219i religie popular\u0103, suprapuse de cre\u0219tinism \u00eencep\u00e2nd din secolul al X-lea.\">Slav<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_perun-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123519\" alt=\"Perun - zei din tradi\u021bia slav\u0103, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_perun-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_perun-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_perun-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_perun.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun st\u0103p\u00e2ne\u0219te vremea, dreptatea \u0219i vitejia r\u0103zboinic\u0103. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Simbolul<\/span> s\u0103u este toporul sau roata. \u00cen practica de cult, asociat cu jertfe, jur\u0103minte \u0219i protec\u021bia grani\u021belor. Urme ale vener\u0103rii sale persist\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een toponimele europene \u0219i \u00een riturile populare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prezentare succint\u0103: Perun<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Divinitate principal\u0103 slav\u0103, zeu al tunetului \u0219i furtunii, zeul suprem al panteonului slav<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeit\u0103\u021bilor dintr-o religie sau cultur\u0103.\">Panteon<\/span>: Slav\u0103 (slav\u0103 de est, de vest \u0219i de sud)<br>Func\u021bie: Tunet, fulger, r\u0103zboi, regalitate, ordine cosmic\u0103, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea \u0219arpelui haotic Veles<br>Atribute principale: Toporul tunetului (sau ciocanul), stejarul (arbore sacru), vulturul, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are amenin\u021b\u0103toare cu barb\u0103<br>Principale locuri de cult: <strong>Kiev<\/strong> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeit\u0103\u021bilor dintr-o religie sau cultur\u0103.\">Panteon<\/span> lui Vladimir \u00eenainte de 988), Novgorod (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\">Sanctuar<\/span> de la Peryn), Pomerania (Szczecin)<br>\u00cenrudire indo-european\u0103: Donar\/Thor (germ.), Indra (hindus), Zeus (grec.), Tarchunna (hitit)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare istoric\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun este cea mai important\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> slav\u0103, atestat\u0103 \u00een toate cele trei grupuri lingvistice slave (de est, de vest, de sud). Perioada de apogeu: epoca precre\u0219tin\u0103 (p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een jurul anului 988, cre\u0219tinarea Rusiei Kievene de c\u0103tre Vladimir cel Mare). \u00cen jurul anului 980, Vladimir a ridicat la Kiev renumitul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> cu Perun \u00een frunte (Cronica lui Nestor).<\/p><p>Dup\u0103 cre\u0219tinare, chipul lui Perun a fost aruncat \u00een Nipru. Obiceiurile populare au supravie\u021buit \u00een multe regiuni slave p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea (ritualuri ale tunetului, venerarea stejarului). \u00cen secolul al XX-lea, mi\u0219carea <em>rodnoveriei<\/em> a readus cultul s\u0103u la via\u021b\u0103 \u00een Rusia, Polonia, Cehia, Slovacia \u0219i Ucraina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalele centre de cult: <em>Kiev<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteonul<\/span> lui Vladimir cu statuia lui Perun cu cap de argint \u0219i must\u0103\u021bi de aur, 980&ndash;988), <strong>Novgorod<\/strong> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuarul<\/span> Peryn de pe r\u00e2ul Volhov), <strong>Szczecin<\/strong> (Pomerania), <strong>Muntele Triglav<\/strong> (\u00een unele tradi\u021bii slave sudice). Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acestea, mii de sanctuare de stejar \u00een regiunile muntoase slave. \u00cen cadrul modernei <em>Mi\u0219c\u0103ri Slave P\u0103g\u00e2ne<\/em> (rodnoverie, din anii 1990 \u00een Rusia, Polonia, Ucraina) este din nou venerat \u00een mod central.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surse centrale: <em>Cronica lui Nestor<\/em> (Cronica primar\u0103 rus\u0103, secolul al XII-lea, cu descrierea panteonului lui Vladimir), Helmold von Bosau <em>Chronica Slavorum<\/em> (secolul al XII-lea, slav de vest), Saxo Grammaticus <em>Gesta Danorum<\/em>, nara\u021biuni \u0219i c\u00e2ntece populare. Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103: V\u00e1\u0148a, <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span> und G\u00f6tterwelt der slawischen V\u00f6lker<\/em>; Gimbutas, <em>The Slavs<\/em>; Iv\u00e1nov\/Toporov, <em>Issledovanija v oblasti slavjanskich drevnostej<\/em> (studiu clasic); Pittner, <em>Slawische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span><\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante ortografice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun este descris \u00een sursele disponibile \u00een mod constant ca un b\u0103rbat mare \u0219i puternic, cu p\u0103r ro\u0219u sau blond-fl\u0103c\u0103rat \u0219i barb\u0103 deas\u0103, tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 tipic\u0103 a zeilor tunetului indo-europeni.<\/p><p>Arma sa sacr\u0103 este toporul (sau uneori securea), cu care arunc\u0103 fulgerul; tunetul este zgomotul toporului, fulgerul este lumina sa. Ciocanul tunetului sau Peruna este un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> geometric cu \u0219ase p\u0103r\u021bi sau \u00een form\u0103 de cruce, purtat frecvent ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un obiect purtat c\u0103ruia i se atribuie o func\u021bie protectoare \u0219i de respingere a r\u0103ului.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet\u0103<\/span>.<\/p><p>Stejarul este arborele s\u0103u sacru: sub stejari se aduceau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">jertfe<\/span>, iar sanctuarele sale se aflau adesea \u00een cr\u00e2nguri de stejari, al c\u0103ror lemn era venerat ca apar\u021bin\u00e2nd zeului.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templul<\/span> s\u0103u din Kiev era \u00eencununat de o statuie de aur cu ochi din cornalin\u0103 (piatr\u0103 ro\u0219ie) \u0219i argint, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> deliberat al st\u0103p\u00e2nirii asupra focurilor cere\u0219ti \u0219i puterii p\u0103m\u00e2nte\u0219ti deopotriv\u0103. \u00cen dansurile rituale \u0219i procesiuni erau aduse frecvent jertfe de carne crud\u0103 ca tribut \u0219i venera\u021bie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun nu era doar o for\u021b\u0103 a naturii personificat\u0103, ci \u0219i p\u0103zitorul ordinii sociale, al drept\u0103\u021bii \u0219i al contractului.<\/p><p>R\u0103zboinicii \u00ee\u0219i jurau jur\u0103mintele \u00een fa\u021ba <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Loc \u00een\u0103l\u021bat sau mas\u0103 destinat\u0103 jertfelor \u0219i actelor religioase.\" tabindex=\"0\">altarului<\/span> s\u0103u, iar jur\u0103m\u00e2ntul era pecetluit cu numele s\u0103u; \u00eenc\u0103lcarea jur\u0103m\u00e2ntului era considerat\u0103 nu doar o ru\u0219ine personal\u0103, ci un sacrilegiu pe care Perun \u00eensu\u0219i l-ar fi r\u0103zbunat. \u00cen momente de criz\u0103, ru\u0219ii \u00eel implorau pentru victorie, iar dup\u0103 r\u0103zboaie victorioase erau aduse <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">jertfe<\/span> ample.<\/p><p>S\u0103rb\u0103torile sale aveau loc \u00een perioadele de furtuni puternice cu tunete, \u00eendeosebi la trecerile dintre anotimpuri (prim\u0103vara \u0219i vara), c\u00e2nd furtunile erau frecvente. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cultul<\/span> era organizat ierarhic: doar preo\u021bii instrui\u021bi puteau atinge focul s\u0103u sacru, iar marele cneaz \u00eensu\u0219i era principalul oficiant al jertfelor, func\u021bie care justifica \u0219i legitima aceast\u0103 pozi\u021bie \u00eenalt\u0103.<\/p><p>Dup\u0103 cre\u0219tinare, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> deschis a disp\u0103rut rapid, \u00eens\u0103 tradi\u021biile populare \u0219i practicile rurale au p\u0103strat amintiri, adesea ascunse sub forma unor supersti\u021bii legate de fulgere, tunete \u0219i stejari.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Perun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cele mai importante aspecte ale lui Perun privite de ansamblu. C\u00e2mpurile de mai jos rezum\u0103 originea, func\u021bia, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area, venerarea, simbolurile \u0219i paralelele culturale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context cultural<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun este zeul principal al panteonului slav, cu r\u0103d\u0103cini indo-europene \u00een tradi\u021bia comun\u0103 a zeului tunetului (comparabil cu germanicul Donar\/Thor, vedic Indra, grecescul Zeus).<\/p><p>\u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> central slav: lupta etern\u0103 dintre Perun (ordinea cereasc\u0103, tunetul) \u0219i Veles (puterea htonic\u0103, zeul-\u0219arpe al lumii de jos), un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> clasic al luptei cu dragonul.<\/p><p>Perun \u00eel combate pe Veles deoarece acesta i-a furat vitele, so\u021bia sau fiul (\u00een func\u021bie de versiune), \u00eel alung\u0103 pe Veles \u00een lumea subp\u0103m\u00e2ntean\u0103, din aceasta rezult\u00e2nd loviturile de tunet, ploaia \u0219i fertilitatea. Tat\u0103 al lui Yarilo (\u00een unele tradi\u021bii).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domeniu de ac\u021biune<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zeu al tunetului \u0219i al fulgerului. Zeu regal (venerat la Kiev ca zeul principal al cnejilor). Patron al r\u0103zboiului (invocat \u00eenaintea b\u0103t\u0103liilor). Patron al stejarilor (arbore sacru lovit de fulger).<\/p><p>\u00cen cultul domestic personal, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocarea<\/span> sa pentru protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva tr\u0103znetului \u0219i a nenorocului. \u00cen credin\u021ba popular\u0103 identificat cu cre\u0219tinul <em>Sf. Ilie (Ilya)<\/em>: Ilie parcurge cerul cu carul s\u0103u de foc \u0219i love\u0219te cu fulgere, ceea ce corespunde func\u021biei lui Perun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reprezentat caracteristic conform Cronicii lui Nestor: statuie cu cap de argint \u0219i must\u0103\u021bi de aur, \u00een ve\u0219m\u00e2nt de r\u0103zboinic slav timpuriu. Reprezent\u0103ri iconografice ulterioare (\u00een special \u00een mi\u0219carea modern\u0103 rodnoverist\u0103): b\u0103rbat v\u00e2njos, b\u0103rbos, cu barb\u0103 lung\u0103 ro\u0219ie sau blond\u0103, \u00een ve\u0219minte de r\u0103zboinic slav cu manta de blan\u0103.<\/p><p><em>Toporul tunetului<\/em> (sau ciocanul) \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103, atributul principal. Uneori cu un <em>vultur<\/em> pe um\u0103r (pas\u0103re sacr\u0103). C\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te pe un car de foc sau pe un cal. Teint \u00eenro\u0219it (de m\u00e2nie \u0219i energia tunetului).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activitate<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong> Perun era invocat \u00een lumea slav\u0103 precre\u0219tin\u0103 ca zeu suprem \u00eenaintea b\u0103t\u0103liilor, \u00een formulele de jur\u0103m\u00e2nt (formulele de jur\u0103m\u00e2nt slave \u00eel invocau pe Perun), \u00een preocup\u0103rile legate de vreme. Sanctuarele de stejar constituiau principalele sale locuri de cult. S\u0103rb\u0103toarea sa anual\u0103 principal\u0103 c\u0103dea pe 20 iulie (p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia cre\u0219tin\u0103 ca s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Sf. Ilie). \u00cen tradi\u021bia modern\u0103 <em>rodnoverist\u0103<\/em>, din nou venerat cu adun\u0103ri similare bl\u00f3tului, cu comunit\u0103\u021bi active \u00een Rusia, Polonia, Ucraina, Cehia \u0219i Slovacia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forme de ap\u0103rare<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Toporul tunetului (sau ciocanul), stejarul (arbore sacru), vulturul, carul de foc, s\u0103ge\u021bile (s\u0103ge\u021bile tunetului), securea. Plant\u0103 sacr\u0103: stejarul (to\u021bi stejarii lovi\u021bi de fulger erau considera\u021bi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacri<\/span>), st\u00e2njenelul. Animale sacre: vulturul, taurul (animal de jertf\u0103), coco\u0219ul. Num\u0103r sacru: 4 (cele patru puncte cardinale, patru lovituri de topor al tunetului). Zi sacr\u0103 a s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii: joia (\u00een unele tradi\u021bii).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelele lui Perun<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Donar \/ Thor<\/em> (germanic, zeu al tunetului cu ciocan, r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 indo-european\u0103 comun\u0103), <em>Indra<\/em> (hinduism, vajra-fulgerul, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> luptelor cu Vritra), <em>Zeus<\/em> (Grecia, regele zeilor cu fulgerul), <em>Iuppiter<\/em> (Roma), <em>Tarhunna\/Teshub<\/em> (hiti\u021bi), <em>Marduk<\/em> (Mesopotamia, eroul furtunii), <em>Adad<\/em> (Mesopotamia), <em>Baal<\/em> (Levant), <em>Raijin<\/em> (Japonia), <em>Lei Gong<\/em> (China). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span> b\u0103t\u0103liei Perun-Veles corespunde structural \u00eentocmai miturilor luptei cu dragonul ale celorlal\u021bi zei ai tunetului indo-europeni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perun, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun corespunde structural \u0219i func\u021bional balticului Perkunas, lituanianului Perk\u016bnas \u0219i, mai \u00eendep\u0103rtat, germanicului Donar\/Thor \u0219i romanului Iuppiter Tonans (Zeus Keraunios).<\/p><p>To\u021bi ace\u0219ti zei guverneaz\u0103 vremea \u0219i r\u0103zboiul, to\u021bi sunt b\u0103rba\u021bi puternici cu topoare, ciocane sau fulgere \u0219i to\u021bi sunt zei supremi sau aproape supremi ai panteonurilor respective. Consensul larg indo-european relev\u0103 un tipar fundamental, arhetipal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tradi\u021bia iudaic\u0103:<\/strong> Zeul Hadad sau Baal \u00een culturile semitice \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cu Perun st\u0103p\u00e2nirea asupra fenomenelor meteorologice \u0219i a fertilit\u0103\u021bii. Ambii sunt reprezenta\u021bi cu arme ale tunetului (fulger, secure) \u0219i venera\u021bi \u00een locuri de cult \u00een\u0103l\u021bate.<\/p><p><strong>Lumea greco-roman\u0103:<\/strong> Zeus \u0219i corespondentul s\u0103u roman Iuppiter seam\u0103n\u0103 structural cu Perun: divinit\u0103\u021bi supreme cu arma tunetului (fulgerul), autoritate cosmic\u0103 \u0219i leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu depunerea jur\u0103mintelor \u0219i cu r\u0103zboiul. R\u0103d\u0103cina indo-european\u0103 *Per-\u01f5unos este atestat\u0103 lingvistic.<\/p><p><strong>Tradi\u021bia germanic\u0103:<\/strong> Donar\/Thor din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> nordic\u0103, paralel cu Perun: zeu al tunetului cu ciocan (Mj\u00f6lnir) \u00een loc de topor, func\u021bie similar\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103rarea grani\u021belor \u0219i depunerea jur\u0103mintelor, prelu\u0103ri populare comparabile dup\u0103 cre\u0219tinare (denumiri legate de joi, formule de protec\u021bie).<\/p><p><strong>Hinduismul:<\/strong> Indra, zeul cerului vedic \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nul tunetului, prezint\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103turi structurale precum st\u0103p\u00e2nirea vremii, func\u021bia de r\u0103zboinic \u0219i reciprocitatea jertfei. Continuitate lingvistic\u0103 \u0219i mitologic\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de zeul proto-indo-european.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcd43fe9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcd43fe9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa02230a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa02230a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perun \u0219i situa\u021bia surselor mitologiei slave<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdc09b51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpdc09b51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp61467f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp61467f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cine se ocup\u0103 de Perun trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i dificila situa\u021bie a surselor <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> slave. Spre deosebire de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> greac\u0103, roman\u0103 sau nordic\u0103, religia slav\u0103 precre\u0219tin\u0103 nu a l\u0103sat o tradi\u021bie literar\u0103 proprie. Nu exist\u0103 o <em>Edda<\/em> slav\u0103, nici o <em>Teogonie<\/em> slav\u0103. Tot ceea ce \u0219tim provine din m\u0103rturii indirecte \u0219i, de regul\u0103, t\u00e2rzii.<\/p><p>Cele mai importante surse pentru Perun sunt texte cronic\u0103re\u0219ti \u0219i ecleziastice.<\/p><p>Cronica veche rus\u0103 a lui Nestor, numit\u0103 \u0219i <em>Povestea anilor trecu\u021bi<\/em>, dat\u00e2nd din \u00eenceputul secolului al XII-lea, relateaz\u0103 c\u0103 Cneazul Vladimir al Kievului, \u00eenainte de cre\u0219tinarea sa din anul 980, a ridicat o serie de statui ale zeilor, \u00een fruntea c\u0103rora se afla Perun, a c\u0103rui statuie este descris\u0103 ca fiind din lemn cu cap de argint \u0219i must\u0103\u021bi de aur.<\/p><p>Aceea\u0219i cronic\u0103 relateaz\u0103 c\u0103 statuia lui Perun a fost r\u0103sturnat\u0103, b\u0103tut\u0103 \u0219i aruncat\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2u \u00een timpul cre\u0219tin\u0103rii din 988.<\/p><p>Indicii suplimentare ofer\u0103 tratatele dintre Rusia Kievean\u0103 \u0219i Bizan\u021b, \u00een care ru\u0219ii p\u0103g\u00e2ni jur\u0103 pe Perun \u0219i pe zeul vitelor Volos. Se adaug\u0103 predici \u00eempotriva obiceiurilor p\u0103g\u00e2ne, descoperiri arheologice \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cultura popular\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie, cu obiceiuri, nara\u021biuni \u0219i c\u00e2ntece.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclor<\/span> consemnat mult mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/p><p>Cercetarea, de exemplu la Roman Jakobson, Henryk \u0141owmia\u0144ski sau \u00een lucr\u0103rile ulterioare ale lui Boris Uspenski, subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 din aceste fragmente disparate se poate ob\u021bine doar o imagine lacunar\u0103. Mult din ceea ce apare \u00een prezent\u0103rile populare ca \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 sigur\u0103 este, de fapt, reconstruc\u021bie sau ipotez\u0103. Aceast\u0103 pruden\u021b\u0103 constituie baza oric\u0103rei abord\u0103ri serioase a lui Perun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb9bea2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb9bea2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc48585b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc48585b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perun ca zeu al tunetului \u0219i compara\u021bia indo-european\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4c61b0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4c61b0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcea625f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcea625f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Perun este, potrivit consensului cercet\u0103rii, zeul slav al tunetului \u0219i al furtunii. \u00censu\u0219i numele s\u0103u indic\u0103 aceast\u0103 direc\u021bie. \u00cen mai multe limbi slave, un cuv\u00e2nt \u00eenrudit \u00eenseamn\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu tunet sau tr\u0103snet, iar numele poate fi legat de o r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 indo-european\u0103 care are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu lovirea.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 constatare lingvistic\u0103 a atras de timpuriu aten\u021bia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> comparate. Perun face parte dintr-un \u0219ir de divinit\u0103\u021bi indo-europene ale furtunii, din care fac parte, printre al\u021bii, balticul Perk\u016bnas, nordicul <a href=\"\/ro\/thor\/\">Thor<\/a>, vedic Indra \u0219i, \u00een unele privin\u021be, grecescul Zeus.<\/p><p>\u00cendeosebi apropierea de balticul Perk\u016bnas este izbitoare \u0219i bine fundamentat\u0103 lingvistic, \u00eentruc\u00e2t slavii \u0219i balticii au format timp \u00eendelungat o comunitate lingvistic\u0103 \u0219i cultural\u0103 str\u00e2ns\u0103.<\/p><p>Caracteristic pentru aceste divinit\u0103\u021bi ale furtunii este ideea unui combat \u00eempotriva unui adversar de tip \u0219arpe sau dragon. \u00cen cercetarea slav\u0103, aceast\u0103 idee a fost elaborat\u0103 ca a\u0219a-numitul model al mitului fundamental de c\u0103tre Viaceslav Ivanov \u0219i Vladimir Toporov.<\/p><p>Conform acestei ipoteze, Perun, care locuie\u0219te sus, \u00een cer \u0219i pe mun\u021bi, se lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva lui Volos sau Veles, care se afl\u0103 jos, legat de vite, ap\u0103 \u0219i lumea subp\u0103m\u00e2ntean\u0103.<\/p><p>Acest model este influent, dar controversat. Criticii \u00eel acuz\u0103 c\u0103 edific\u0103 un sistem prea \u00eenchegat pe baza unor surse firave. Evaluarea din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor este c\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103tura lui Perun de zeu al tunetului este bine atestat\u0103, \u00een timp ce configurarea exact\u0103 a conflictului s\u0103u mitic r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een domeniul presupunerii motivate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3902956 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3902956\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfedd386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfedd386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult, locuri sacre \u0219i sanctuarul din Novgorod<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7e4fc3a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7e4fc3a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb17f095 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb17f095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Despre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> concret al lui Perun pot fi formulate c\u00e2teva afirma\u021bii pe baza surselor. <em>Cronica lui Nestor<\/em> men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 Vladimir a poruncit ridicarea unui chip al lui Perun nu doar la Kiev, ci \u0219i la Novgorod, unde acesta a fost ulterior de asemenea r\u0103sturnat \u0219i aruncat \u00een r\u00e2ul Volhov.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere arheologic, \u00een apropierea Novgorodului, la un loc numit Peryn, a fost descoperit un ansamblu pe care unii cercet\u0103tori \u00eel interpreteaz\u0103 ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> al lui Perun.<\/p><p>Este vorba de o structur\u0103 circular\u0103 cu o groap\u0103 central\u0103, posibil pentru o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentare plastic\u0103 a unei divinit\u0103\u021bi venerat\u0103 \u00een templu sau sanctuar.\" tabindex=\"0\">statuie de cult<\/span>, \u0219i urme de vetre de foc la margine. Interpretarea este totu\u0219i disputat\u0103, iar cercetarea avertizeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva gr\u0103birii de a citi orice ansamblu circular ca sanctuar al unui zeu.<\/p><p>Din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cultura popular\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie, cu obiceiuri, nara\u021biuni \u0219i c\u00e2ntece.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclorul<\/span> ulterior \u0219i din toponime se poate deduce c\u0103 Perun a r\u0103mas asociat cu \u00een\u0103l\u021bimile, cu stejarii \u0219i cu tunetul. Stejarul era considerat \u00een multe zone slave arborele lui Perun, ceea ce corespunde din nou paralelei indo-europene, deoarece \u0219i al\u021bi zei ai furtunii sunt lega\u021bi de stejar.<\/p><p>Arborii \u0219i pietrele cu form\u0103 neobi\u0219nuit\u0103 lovite de fulger, considerate \u00een cultura popular\u0103 drept cuie ale tunetului, erau uneori puse \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Perun.<\/p><p>Dup\u0103 cre\u0219tinare, func\u021biile lui Perun au fost transferate unor figuri cre\u0219tine, \u00een special profetului Ilie, care \u00een cultura popular\u0103 ortodox\u0103 est-european\u0103 este considerat st\u0103p\u00e2nul tunetului \u0219i al furtunii, iar \u00een ziua sa de s\u0103rb\u0103toare erau practicate obiceiuri legate de furtun\u0103. \u0218i Sf\u00e2ntul Gheorghe a preluat tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale lupt\u0103torului cu dragonul. Aceast\u0103 tranzi\u021bie ilustreaz\u0103 modul \u00een care reprezent\u0103rile p\u0103g\u00e2ne puteau supravie\u021bui sub suprafa\u021ba cre\u0219tin\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/veles\/\">Veles, du\u0219manul de moarte, zeul-\u0219arpe htonic<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/svarog\/\">Svarog, zeul slav \u00eenrudit al fier\u0103riei \u0219i al soarelui<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/mokos\/\">Mokosch, zei\u021ba-mam\u0103 slav\u0103 feminin\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/thor\/\">Thor, paralela germanic\u0103 a tunetului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/indra\/\">Indra, paralela vedic\u0103 a tunetului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeus\/\">Zeus, paralela greceasc\u0103 a tunetului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-slavi\/\">Slav, prezentare de ansamblu a panteonului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-supreme\/\">Divinit\u0103\u021bi supreme, subcategorie<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>V\u00e1\u0148a, Zden\u011bk: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span> und G\u00f6tterwelt der slawischen V\u00f6lker<\/em>. Stuttgart 1992.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Iv\u00e1nov, Vja\u010deslav \/ Toporov, Vladimir: <em>Issledovanija v oblasti slavjanskich drevnostej<\/em>. Moskau 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gimbutas, Marija: <em>The Slavs<\/em>. London 1971.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Pittner, Manfred: <em>Slawische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span><\/em>. K\u00f6ln 2009.<\/span><\/li><li>Cronica lui Nestor, Helmold von Bosau (numeroase traduceri).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma \u201ePerun&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-perun-faq-d264b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-perun-faq-d264b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-perun-faq-col-63e16c\" data-id=\"wv-perun-faq-col-63e16c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-perun-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-perun-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre Perun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-perun-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-perun-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Cine era Perun \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> slav\u0103?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Perun era zeul suprem al panteonului slav de est, zeu al tunetului, al fulgerului, al r\u0103zboiului \u0219i al puterii regale. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sanctuarul<\/span> s\u0103u se afla pe dealul Kievului, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd Vladimir cel Sf\u00e2nt l-a r\u0103sturnat \u00een 988, odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219tinarea. Perun este str\u00e2ns \u00eenrudit cu balticul Perkunas, germanicul Thor \u0219i indianul Indra.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Ce simboluri \u00eei apar\u021bin lui Perun?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Dintre simbolurile clasice ale lui Perun fac parte stejarul (arbore sacru), toporul sau ciocanul (arma tunetului), roata tunetului cu \u0219ase spi\u021be (semnul lui Perun), mistre\u021bul \u0219i taurul (animale de jertf\u0103), precum \u0219i fulgerul \u00eensu\u0219i. Semnul lui Perun a reap\u0103rut ulterior ca simbol de protec\u021bie pe frontoanele caselor slave.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-perun-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-perun-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cine era Perun \u00een mitologia slav\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Perun era zeul suprem al panteonului slav de est, zeu al tunetului, al fulgerului, al r\u0103zboiului \u0219i al puterii regale. Sanctuarul s\u0103u se afla pe dealul Kievului, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd Vladimir cel Sf\u00e2nt l-a r\u0103sturnat \u00een 988, odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219tinarea. Perun este str\u00e2ns \u00eenrudit cu balticul Perkunas, germanicul Thor \u0219i indianul Indra.\"}},\n    {\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ce simboluri \u00eei apar\u021bin lui Perun?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Dintre simbolurile clasice ale lui Perun fac parte stejarul (arbore sacru), toporul sau ciocanul (arma tunetului), roata tunetului cu \u0219ase spi\u021be (semnul lui Perun), mistre\u021bul \u0219i taurul (animale de jertf\u0103), precum \u0219i fulgerul \u00eensu\u0219i. Semnul lui Perun a reap\u0103rut ulterior ca simbol de protec\u021bie pe frontoanele caselor slave.\"}}\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perun, zeul tradi\u021biei slave Perun este zeul suprem al tunetului \u00een mitologia slav\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 fulgerul, tunetul \u0219i for\u021ba cerului. Central din punct de vedere religios p\u00e2n\u0103 la cre\u0219tinarea din secolele X-XI, ulterior cu influen\u021b\u0103 cultural\u0103 \u00een folclor \u0219i \u00een practici regionale p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. ZeuSlav Cuprins Perun Perun st\u0103p\u00e2ne\u0219te vremea, dreptatea \u0219i vitejia r\u0103zboinic\u0103. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1763,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Perun","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Perun - Zeul suprem al slavilor","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Perun, zeul suprem al slavilor. St\u0103p\u00e2nul fulgerului, protectorul r\u0103zboinicilor \u0219i p\u0103zitorul jur\u0103mintelor \u00een Rusia precre\u0219tin\u0103 - regele tunetului.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"slawisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-106373","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Perun - Zeul suprem al slavilor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Perun, zeul suprem al slavilor. 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