{"id":106370,"date":"2026-08-04T17:37:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yanluo-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T17:37:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:37:23","slug":"yanluo-wang","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/","title":{"rendered":"Yanluo"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"106370\" class=\"elementor elementor-106370 elementor-2005\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yanluo, zeu al tradi\u021biei chineze<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Regele iadului, st\u0103p\u00e2nul lui Diyu, judec\u0103tor f\u0103r\u0103 mil\u0103.<\/strong> Yanluo Wang este judec\u0103torul suprem al lumii subterane chineze *Diyu*, un iad cu zece niveluri, fiecare cu propriile sale chinuri. Spre deosebire de Yama indian (str\u0103mo\u0219ul s\u0103u originar), Yanluo Wang nu este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd un zeu al mor\u021bii, ci un judec\u0103tor-administrator, precis, lipsit de emo\u021bii, care aplic\u0103 listele karmei f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendurare.<\/p><p>Numele \u00eenseamn\u0103 Regele Yanluo; Yanluo \u00eensu\u0219i este o transliterare sanscrit\u0103 a lui Yama. \u00cembr\u0103cat \u00een robe \u00eentunecate, cu mandat imperial \u0219i documente administrative, st\u0103 pe tronul s\u0103u \u00een primul salon al iadului \u0219i judec\u0103 fiecare suflet care i se \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103. Yanluo judec\u0103, \u00een calitate de zeu al lumii subterane chineze, fiecare suflet care se prezint\u0103 \u00eenaintea tronului s\u0103u.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-chineze\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religia chinez\u0103 a zeilor, spiritelor \u0219i credin\u021bei populare, daoist\u0103, budist\u0103, confucianist\u0103.\">China<\/a><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-ale-mortii\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zei ai lumii subterane \u0219i ai mor\u021bii, st\u0103p\u00e2ni ai lumii de dincolo, judec\u0103tori ai mor\u021bilor, \u00eenso\u021bitori ai sufletelor.\">Divinitate a mor\u021bilor<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1742\" alt=\"Yanluo - G\u00f6tter aus der China-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yanluo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sintez\u0103: Yanluo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Divinitate principal\u0103 chinez\u0103, judec\u0103tor al mor\u021bilor \u0219i cel mai \u00eenalt dintre cei zece regi ai Infernului (Diyu)<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradi\u021bie religios-filozofic\u0103 chinez\u0103 orientat\u0103 dup\u0103 Dao, Calea.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoism<\/span>, budism chinez, religie popular\u0103 chinez\u0103<br>Func\u021bie: Judec\u0103tor suprem al mor\u021bilor, conduc\u0103tor al regatului infernal Diyu, administrator al re\u00eencarn\u0103rii<br>Atribute principale: Rob\u0103 de judec\u0103tor, pensul\u0103 \u0219i cartea mor\u021bilor, t\u0103bli\u021b\u0103 cu stilet de scris<br>Principale centre de cult: Templul Dongyue (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templu<\/span> Muntele Tai), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temple<\/span> ale mor\u021bilor \u00een fiecare ora\u0219 chinezesc mai mare<br>Identificare budist\u0103: Yamaraja (sanscrit\u0103), Y\u0101ma (budism)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yanluo (chin. <em>Y\u00e1n Lu\u00f3 W\u00e1ng<\/em>) este o sintez\u0103 \u00eentre <em>Yamaraja<\/em> indo-budist \u0219i conceptul popular chinez al judec\u0103torului mor\u021bilor. Sincretizarea \u00eencepe odat\u0103 cu p\u0103trunderea budismului \u00een China (sec. I-II d.Hr.) \u0219i se canonizeaz\u0103 \u00een dinastia Tang (sec. VII-X).<\/p><p>\u00cen sistemul chinez, Yanluo nu este singurul rege al mor\u021bilor, ci primul dintre <em>Cei Zece Regi ai Iadului<\/em> (<em>Sh\u00ed Di\u00e0n Y\u00e1nlu\u00f3<\/em>), fiecare conduc\u00e2nd una dintre cele zece camere ale iadului. Perioada de \u00eenflorire principal\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> yanluo: de la dinastia Tang p\u00e2n\u0103 la dinastia Ming. Ast\u0103zi r\u0103m\u00e2ne central \u00een orice <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> funerar chinez.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalele locuri de cult: <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\">Templu<\/span>-ul Dongyue<\/strong> de pe muntele Tai din Shandong (unul dintre cele mai importante sanctuare chineze\u0219ti ale mor\u021bilor), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\">Templu<\/span>-ul Yanluo \u00een multe ora\u0219e chineze\u0219ti (tipic \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\">Templu<\/span>-ul local al zeului ora\u0219ului). Prezent \u00een Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia \u0219i Taiwan \u00een orice complex <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\">Templu<\/span> chinezesc mai mare din diaspor\u0103. \u00cen credin\u021ba popular\u0103 taiwanez\u0103, este invocat \u00een mod central mai ales \u00een cadrul Festivalului Yulan-Pen (Luna Fantomelor).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surse centrale: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen hinduism \u0219i budism, un text doctrinar \u00een form\u0103 concis\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> celor Zece Regi<\/em> (text chino-budist, sec. IX\/X), <em>Yulan Pen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen hinduism \u0219i budism, un text doctrinar \u00een form\u0103 concis\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, liturgii funerare daoiste \u0219i budiste. Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103: Teiser, <em>The Scripture on the Ten Kings and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism<\/em>; Werner, <em>Myths and Legends of China<\/em>; Kohn, <em>Daoism Handbook<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante ortografice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yanluo Wang este reprezentat ca o figur\u0103 masculin\u0103 sumbr\u0103 \u0219i impun\u0103toare, \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een robe imperiale \u00eentunecate, adesea verzi sau negre. Tr\u0103s\u0103turile fe\u021bei sunt severe, inflexibile, nicidecum malefice. Poart\u0103 coroan\u0103 \u0219i insigne ale puterii, autoritatea judec\u0103\u021bii \u00een locul aurului.<\/p><p>Masa sa este acoperit\u0103 cu registre \u0219i documente care consemneaz\u0103 karma fiec\u0103rui suflet. Regi sau magistra\u021bi subalterni stau al\u0103turi sau sub el. Simbolurile includ cele zece camere ale iadului, fiecare cu chinuri specifice (lacuri de s\u00e2nge, fier\u0103straie, cazane clocotitoare, p\u0103duri de spini). R\u00e2ul Sanzu (sau <em>Naihe<\/em>, r\u00e2ul uit\u0103rii) desparte via\u021ba de moarte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracteristici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yanluo Wang este un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> pur func\u021bional: respect din team\u0103, nu venerare individual\u0103. Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 subliniaz\u0103: el nu are putere discre\u021bionar\u0103. Fiecare fapt\u0103 din via\u021b\u0103 este evaluat\u0103, iar pedeapsa urmeaz\u0103 automat. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradi\u021bie religios-filozofic\u0103 chinez\u0103 orientat\u0103 dup\u0103 Dao, Calea.\" tabindex=\"0\">daoism<\/span>, practican\u021bii medita\u021biei \u00eel pot \u00eenfrunta pentru a avansa pe calea spiritual\u0103. \u00cen budism, judecata sa este aplicarea karmei, de \u00een\u021beles descriptiv, nu moral-absolut.<\/p><p>Altarele dedicate direct lui Yanluo Wang sunt rare; \u00een schimb, el este men\u021bionat \u00een temple, reprezentat \u00een opere de art\u0103 care descriu iadul \u0219i invocat \u00een ritualurile credin\u021bei populare pentru protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva damn\u0103rii. Preo\u021bii pot negocia cu Yanluo Wang prin ritualuri pentru a salva rude vii sau decedate, \u00eens\u0103 decizia sa r\u0103m\u00e2ne func\u021bional\u0103: karma nu este negociabil\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Yanluo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cele mai importante aspecte ale lui Yanluo dintr-o privire. C\u00e2mpurile urm\u0103toare rezum\u0103 originea, func\u021bia, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area, venerarea, simbolurile \u0219i paralelele culturale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Originea lui Yanluo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yanluo se dezvolt\u0103 din Yamaraja indian, care ajunge \u00een China odat\u0103 cu budismul. \u00cen sistemul chinez, s-a contopit cu conceptul popular autohton al judec\u0103torului mor\u021bilor.<\/p><p>\u00cen nara\u021biunile populare t\u00e2rzii, este adesea identificat cu o persoan\u0103 istoric\u0103 (diferi\u021bi candida\u021bi \u00een func\u021bie de regiune: un func\u021bionar just din dinastia Sui, un ministru din dinastia Tang). Este primul dintre Cei Zece Regi ai Iadului, ceilal\u021bi nou\u0103 fiindu-i subordona\u021bi, fiecare administr\u00e2nd o camer\u0103 specific\u0103 a iadului (c\u00e2te una pentru fiecare categorie de p\u0103cate).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domeniu de ac\u021biune<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Judec\u0103tor suprem al mor\u021bilor. C\u00e2nd un om moare, sufletul s\u0103u se \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i \u00eenaintea lui Yanluo. Acesta cite\u0219te din <em>Cartea Mor\u021bilor<\/em>, \u00een care sunt consemnate toate faptele, \u0219i decide: (1) re\u00eencarnare bun\u0103 imediat\u0103 (rar\u0103), (2) perioad\u0103 de pedeaps\u0103 \u00een unul dintre cele zece iaduri \u00eenainte de re\u00eencarnare, (3) pedeaps\u0103 etern\u0103 (foarte rar\u0103).<\/p><p>Cele zece iaduri sunt organizate dup\u0103 categorii de p\u0103cate (iadul de ghea\u021b\u0103 pentru cei lipsi\u021bi de dragoste, iadul de foc pentru cei m\u00e2nio\u0219i, etc.). \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> personal, Yanluo este temut, invocarea direct\u0103 este evitat\u0103. \u00cen ritualurile funerare pentru cei deceda\u021bi, i se cere totu\u0219i un tratament bl\u00e2nd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reprezentare iconografic\u0103<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Func\u021bionar masculin sever \u00een rob\u0103 de judec\u0103tor chinez (albastru imperial sau negru, cu broderie de dragon), barb\u0103 neagr\u0103, c\u0103ciul\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 de func\u021bionar (Mian sau p\u0103l\u0103ria cu \u0219apte stele), pensul\u0103 \u0219i t\u0103bli\u021b\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103, Cartea Mor\u021bilor pe birou.<\/p><p>Troneaz\u0103 pe un scaun \u00eenalt de judecat\u0103 \u00een prima sal\u0103 a iadului. Este \u00eenso\u021bit de doi demoni paznici: <em>Niu Tou<\/em> (cap de bou) \u0219i <em>Ma Mian<\/em> (fa\u021b\u0103 de cal), care trag mor\u021bii la judecat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Influen\u021ba lui Yanluo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong> Yanluo este invocat \u00een orice <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> funerar chinez, cu peti\u021bii de cerere pentru o judecat\u0103 bl\u00e2nd\u0103. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> personal este cu greu venerat direct, el este temut, nu iubit. \u00cen cadrul Festivalului Yulan-Pen (Luna Fantomelor, iulie\/august \u00een calendarul lunar chinezesc), alimente \u0219i ofrande de h\u00e2rtie-bani pentru cei deceda\u021bi sunt aduse \u00eenaintea cur\u021bii lui Yanluo. \u00cen teatrul popular (Opera de Pekin), scena la curtea lui Yanluo este un subiect clasic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protec\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de Yanluo<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rob\u0103 de judec\u0103tor, pensul\u0103, t\u0103bli\u021b\u0103, Cartea Mor\u021bilor, coroana Mian sau p\u0103l\u0103ria de func\u021bionar, barb\u0103 neagr\u0103, scaun de judecat\u0103, sigiliul autorit\u0103\u021bii divine. \u00censo\u021bitori: Niu Tou (demonul cu cap de bou) \u0219i Ma Mian (demonul cu fa\u021b\u0103 de cal). Plante sacre: niciuna specific\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coresponden\u021be \u00een alte culturi<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Yamaraja \/ Yama-Dharmaraja<\/em> (hinduism \/ Tibet, precursor direct), <em>Yama<\/em> (budism, r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 indian\u0103 comun\u0103), <em>Enma-O<\/em> (Japonia, adaptare de influen\u021b\u0103 chinez\u0103), <em>Yeomra<\/em> (Coreea, de influen\u021b\u0103 chinez\u0103), <em>Hades<\/em> (Grecia, st\u0103p\u00e2nul lumii subterane), <em>Pluto<\/em> (Roma), <em>Anubis\/Osiris<\/em> (Egipt, \u00eenso\u021bitor al mor\u021bilor \u0219i judec\u0103tor al mor\u021bilor), <em>Hel<\/em> (germanic), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (aztec). Yanluo este versiunea est-asiatic\u0103 \u0219i chinez\u0103 a lui Yamaraja indian, cu caracteristica ierarhie birocratic\u0103 a celor zece regi ai iadului.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualuri apotropaice<\/strong><\/p><p>Yanluo Wang (chin. \u95bb\u7f85\u738b) este regele celor zece iaduri (<em>Shidian Yanjun<\/em>) \u00een credin\u021ba popular\u0103 chinez\u0103, o sintez\u0103 a lui Yama indian cu reprezent\u0103rile birocra\u021biei confucianiste de func\u021bionari. Stabilit din epoca Tang (sec. VII-IX).<\/p><p>Venerarea are loc mai ales \u00een cadrul Festivalului Zhongyuan (a 15-a zi a celei de-a 7-a luni lunare, \u201eFestivalul Fantomelor&#8221;), c\u00e2nd se ofer\u0103 bani pentru spirite (<em>j\u012bnzh\u01d0<\/em>) \u0219i alimente pentru cei deceda\u021bi. Imaginile templiere \u00eel \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 pe Yanluo la tribunal cu scribul Cui Jue \u0219i cu mesagerii (<em>Niu-Tou<\/em>, <em>Ma-Mian<\/em>), cf. Teiser, <em>The Ghost Festival in Medieval China<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong>Invoca\u021bii<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Yulan-pen-jing<\/em> (Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen hinduism \u0219i budism, un text doctrinar \u00een form\u0103 concis\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span>, cca. sec. VI) este textul liturgic central pentru eliberarea mor\u021bilor din cele zece iaduri ale lui Yanluo. Nara\u021biunile despre Mulian (Mulian \u00ee\u0219i salveaz\u0103 mama) sunt interpretate \u00een cadrul Festivalului Fantomelor. Liturghiile daoiste precum <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span> <em>Yujing<\/em> \u00eel integreaz\u0103 pe Yanluo \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> daoist.<\/p><p><strong>Amulete \u0219i simboluri de protec\u021bie<\/strong><\/p><p>Imagini de paznici ai por\u021bilor (<em>Mengshen<\/em>) la intr\u0103rile caselor chineze\u0219ti, Qin Shubao \u0219i Yuchi Gong, generali ai epocii Tang diviniza\u021bi, menite s\u0103 protejeze \u00eempotriva mesagerilor lui Yanluo. Talismanele de cerneal\u0103 neagr\u0103 cu sigiliul lui Yanluo sunt purtate la vizitele la cimitir. Inscrip\u021biile infernale de la intrarea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templelor<\/span> chineze\u0219ti enumer\u0103 cele zece iaduri ale lui Yanluo \u00een mod <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Simbol protector, amulet\u0103 sau obiect apotropaic.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yanluo, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Yanluo Wang deriv\u0103 din zeul mor\u021bilor indian Yama, al c\u0103rui nume a p\u0103truns \u00een chinez\u0103 prin intermediul scripturilor budiste sub forma Yanmo luoshe, fiind apoi prescurtat la Yanluo. Astfel, el se \u00eenscrie \u00een aceea\u0219i serie cu japonezul Enma-O \u0219i coreeanul Yeomra, care au aceea\u0219i origine. \u00cenrudit este \u0219i rolul judec\u0103torilor lumii de dincolo din Egipt \u0219i Grecia antic\u0103, precum Osiris \u00een judecata mor\u021bilor sau Minos, Rhadamanthys \u0219i Aiakos \u00een Hades, care, la fel ca Yanluo, se pronun\u021b\u0103 asupra faptelor celor deceda\u021bi.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp44940a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp44940a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp97eca96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp97eca96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cei zece regi ai iadului \u0219i locul lui Yanluo printre ei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa07e941 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa07e941\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6a98b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6a98b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen credin\u021ba popular\u0103 chinez\u0103, Yanluo, complet adesea numit <em>Yanluo Wang<\/em>, nu este un conduc\u0103tor absolut unic al t\u0103r\u00e2mului mor\u021bilor, ci parte a unui organism birocratic. Concep\u021bia pe deplin elaborat\u0103 cunoa\u0219te zece regi ai iadului, <em>Shi Dian Yanluo<\/em> sau cei zece regi ai lumii subterane, fiecare prezid\u00e2nd unul dintre cele zece tribunale infernale. Yanluo este considerat, \u00een ierarhia consacrat\u0103, al cincilea dintre ace\u0219ti regi.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 ordine este atestat\u0103 \u00eentr-un text concret, <em>Shiwang jing<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen hinduism \u0219i budism, un text doctrinar \u00een form\u0103 concis\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> celor zece regi, ap\u0103rut \u00een epoca Tang \u0219i bine documentat prin descoperirile din grotele de la Dunhuang.<\/p><p>Textul descrie c\u0103l\u0103toria sufletului prin cele zece tribunale, parcurse \u00eentr-un ritm temporal fix, la anumite zile dup\u0103 deces \u0219i la date aniversare. La fiecare tribunal este examinat\u0103 o parte a bilan\u021bului vie\u021bii.<\/p><p>Faptul c\u0103 Yanluo, \u00een ciuda acestei integr\u0103ri, desemneaz\u0103 adesea \u00een uz comun \u00eentreaga lume subteran\u0103, are cauze istorice. El este cel mai vechi \u0219i mai cunoscut dintre regi, derivat din Yama indian, iar numele s\u0103u era \u00een circula\u021bie \u00eenainte ca sistemul celor zece regi s\u0103 se cristalizeze.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0218tiin\u021ba religiilor<\/span>, \u00een special \u00een lucr\u0103rile lui Stephen Teiser despre <em>Shiwang jing<\/em>, vede \u00een structura de zece un aport specific chinezesc: transpunerea modelului ierarhiei birocratice terestre \u00een lumea de dincolo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp76453a1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp76453a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5dd5d73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp5dd5d73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">De la Yama indian la func\u021bionarul chinez<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9961e9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9961e9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee91746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpee91746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yanluo este rezultatul unui \u00eendelungat proces de traducere \u0219i adaptare. Numele \u00eensu\u0219i este o redare chinez\u0103 a sanscritului <em>Yama<\/em>, transcris \u00een primele traduceri budiste cel mai adesea ca <em>Yanmoluo<\/em> sau \u00een form\u0103 prescurtat\u0103 <em>Yanluo<\/em>. Odat\u0103 cu budismul, reprezentarea unui judec\u0103tor al mor\u021bilor \u0219i a unor iaduri diferen\u021biate a p\u0103truns \u00een China \u00eencep\u00e2nd din primele secole ale erei noastre (vezi <a href=\"\/ro\/yama\/\">Yama<\/a>).<\/p><p>Yama indian a fost profund transformat \u00een acest proces. Din st\u0103p\u00e2nul str\u0103mo\u0219ilor \u0219i administratorul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile indiene, doctrina \u0219i ordinea dreapt\u0103 a ac\u021biunii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Dharma<\/span> a devenit un func\u021bionar \u00eentr-o ierarhie administrativ\u0103, subordonat la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u unui cer superior \u0219i care poate fi chiar destituit sau transferat.<\/p><p>O poveste r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een nara\u021biunile populare relateaz\u0103 c\u0103 Yanluo a fost retrogradat de o instan\u021b\u0103 superioar\u0103 din pricina unei clemen\u021bi excesive. Aceste nara\u021biuni arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de complet a fost integrat\u0103 figura \u00een g\u00e2ndirea chinez\u0103 despre func\u021bie, avansare \u0219i disciplin\u0103.<\/p><p>Totodat\u0103, Yanluo s-a asociat cu reprezent\u0103rile daoiste \u0219i populare autohtone despre t\u0103r\u00e2mul mor\u021bilor, precum muntele <em>Taishan<\/em> ca loc de adunare a sufletelor \u0219i regatul subteran <em>Diyu<\/em>. Rezultatul este o form\u0103 mixt\u0103 \u00een care doctrina budist\u0103 a karmei, geografia daoist\u0103 a lumii de dincolo \u0219i etica administrativ\u0103 de factur\u0103 confucianist\u0103 se contopesc.<\/p><p>Yanluo este astfel un exemplu paradigmatic al modului \u00een care o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> este recompus\u0103 \u00een trecerea de la o cultur\u0103 la alta, \u00een loc s\u0103 fie pur \u0219i simplu preluat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1409509 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1409509\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fbb877 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2fbb877\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bao Zheng: judec\u0103torul drept ca rege al iadului<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaaf2f4e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpaaf2f4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpff9b133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpff9b133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O particularitate a credin\u021bei chineze \u00een Yanluo este c\u0103 func\u021bia nu era conceput\u0103 ca legat\u0103 pe vecie de o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103 mitic\u0103. \u00cen tradi\u021bia popular\u0103, oameni de o dreptate excep\u021bional\u0103 puteau deveni Yanluo dup\u0103 moartea lor.<\/p><p>Cea mai celebr\u0103 astfel de identificare \u00eel prive\u0219te pe <em>Bao Zheng<\/em>, un func\u021bionar istoric din epoca Song, \u00een secolul al XI-lea, care a r\u0103mas \u00een memoria popular\u0103 ca \u00eentrupare a judec\u0103torului incorruptibil.<\/p><p>\u00cen nenum\u0103rate povestiri, piese de teatru \u0219i ulterior romane, Bao Zheng apare ziua ca judec\u0103tor p\u0103m\u00e2ntean \u0219i judec\u0103 noaptea \u00een lumea subteran\u0103 \u00een calitate de Yanluo. Aceast\u0103 reprezentare unific\u0103 lumea de aici \u0219i lumea de dincolo \u00eentr-un singur sistem juridic continuu.<\/p><p>Cine scap\u0103 pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt de pedeaps\u0103 va fi tras la r\u0103spundere \u00een t\u0103r\u00e2mul mor\u021bilor de acela\u0219i judec\u0103tor incorruptibil. Mesajul este v\u0103dit moral: nimeni nu poate sc\u0103pa pe termen lung de dreptate.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, acest lucru prezint\u0103 mai multe aspecte de interes. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, eviden\u021biaz\u0103 str\u00e2nsa leg\u0103tur\u0103 dintre religie \u0219i cultura juridic\u0103 \u00een China tradi\u021bional\u0103. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, face din Yanluo o func\u021bie, un post care poate avea diferi\u021bi titulari, similar unui post birocratic p\u0103m\u00e2ntean.<\/p><p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, tradi\u021bia Bao Zheng a servit drept corectiv popular \u00eempotriva corup\u021biei \u0219i arbitrariului, un fel de garan\u021bie din lumea de dincolo pentru vigoarea dreptului. Regele iadului \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 aici \u00een primul r\u00e2nd o speran\u021b\u0103 \u00een dreptatea compensatoare, mai pu\u021bin o imagine a terorii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a38b9c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2a38b9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a45e2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9a45e2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diyu \u00een temple \u0219i \u00een pietatea popular\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeb218c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpeb218c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc4275cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc4275cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reprezentarea lui Yanluo \u0219i a celor zece regi ai iadului este p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi prezent\u0103 \u00een mod material \u00een China \u0219i \u00een diaspora chinez\u0103. Numeroase <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> con\u021bin s\u0103li proprii sau capele laterale \u00een care cele zece tribunale ale lumii subterane sunt \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219ate ca scene plastice.<\/p><p>Deosebit de cunoscute sunt astfel de reprezent\u0103ri infernale \u00een ansambluri templare din Singapore, Taiwan \u0219i sudul Chinei, unde pedepsele individuale pentru anumite abateri sunt prezentate \u00een mod viu \u0219i drastic.<\/p><p>Aceste reprezent\u0103ri au avut \u0219i au o func\u021bie educativ\u0103. Ele \u00eei arat\u0103 vizitatorului ce consecin\u021be au minciuna, \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciunea, crima sau lipsa de evlavie fa\u021b\u0103 de p\u0103rin\u021bi. Sunt adesea \u00eenso\u021bite de texte \u0219i suluri ilustrate care explic\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103toria sufletului prin cele zece tribunale.<\/p><p>\u00cen ritualul funerar, bani de h\u00e2rtie, documente de h\u00e2rtie \u0219i a\u0219a-numitele bancnote ale iadului sunt arse, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t decedatul s\u0103 aib\u0103 mijloace la dispozi\u021bie pe drumul s\u0103u prin Diyu, ceea ce reflect\u0103 practic logica birocratic\u0103 a lumii de dincolo.<\/p><p>Important\u0103 este caracterul temporar limitat al acestor iaduri. Spre deosebire de unele concep\u021bii occidentale, pedepsele din Diyu nu sunt eterne. Ele sunt etape, la cap\u0103tul c\u0103rora se afl\u0103 re\u00eencarnarea.<\/p><p>La cel de-al zecelea tribunal se decide natura urm\u0103toarei existen\u021be, iar exist\u0103 reprezentarea unui leac al uit\u0103rii oferit de b\u0103tr\u00e2na <em>Meng Po<\/em>, care \u0219terge amintirea vie\u021bii anterioare. Yanluo \u0219i regii s\u0103i asocia\u021bi fac astfel parte dintr-un ciclu, nu sunt paznicii unei st\u0103ri finale definitive.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/yama\/\">Yama, r\u0103d\u0103cina indian\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/yamaraja\/\">Yamaraja, forma budist\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/enma-o\/\">Enma-O, forma japonez\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/yeomra\/\">Yeomra, forma coreean\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zhong-kui\/\">Zhong Kui, v\u00e2n\u0103torul de demoni chinez \u00eenrudit<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/yuhuang-shangdi\/\">Yuhuang, st\u0103p\u00e2nul ceresc superior lui<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-chineze\/\">China, prezentare general\u0103 a panteonului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-ale-mortii\/\">Divinit\u0103\u021bi ale mor\u021bilor, subcategorie<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Teiser, Stephen F.: <em>The Scripture on the Ten Kings and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism<\/em>. Honolulu 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Kohn, Livia (Hg.): <em>Daoism Handbook<\/em>. Leiden 2000.<\/span><\/li><li>Yulan Pen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen hinduism \u0219i budism, un text doctrinar \u00een form\u0103 concis\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> (traduceri multiple).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma \u201eYanluo&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatura\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a83a8 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"30a83a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aed0907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aed0907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre Yanluo<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cine este Yanluo \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> chinez\u0103?<\/h3><p>Yanluo (cunoscut \u0219i ca Yanluo Wang, Regele Yanluo) este \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> chinez\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2nul \u0219i judec\u0103torul suprem al lumii subterane Diyu. Numele s\u0103u deriv\u0103 din zeul mor\u021bilor indian Yama, a c\u0103rui reprezentare a ajuns \u00een China odat\u0103 cu budismul \u0219i s-a contopit acolo cu concep\u021biile autohtone despre lumea de dincolo.<\/p><p>Yanluo decide asupra destinului celor deceda\u021bi: le examineaz\u0103 faptele bune \u0219i rele s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219ite \u00een via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i stabile\u0219te \u00een ce form\u0103 vor fi re\u00eencarna\u021bi.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cum este organizat\u0103 lumea subteran\u0103 chinez\u0103 sub conducerea lui Yanluo?<\/h3><p>\u00cen concep\u021bia chinez\u0103, lumea subteran\u0103 Diyu este organizat\u0103 ca o administra\u021bie cereasc\u0103, o oglind\u0103 a birocra\u021biei p\u0103m\u00e2ntene. Yanluo prezideaz\u0103 \u00een mod tradi\u021bional cele zece tribunale sau cur\u021bi ale lumii subterane, prin care fiecare suflet este condus pe r\u00e2nd.<\/p><p>Fiecare tribunal examineaz\u0103 anumite abateri \u0219i pronun\u021b\u0103 pedepsele corespunz\u0103toare. Aceast\u0103 concep\u021bie \u00eembin\u0103 doctrinele budiste ale karmei \u0219i re\u00eencarn\u0103rii cu g\u00e2ndirea confucianist\u0103 despre ordine \u0219i dreptate. Yanluo nu este un conduc\u0103tor arbitrar, ci un judec\u0103tor incorruptibil.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cine este Yanluo \u00een mitologia chinez\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yanluo (cunoscut \u0219i ca Yanluo Wang, Regele Yanluo) este \u00een mitologia chinez\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2nul \u0219i judec\u0103torul suprem al lumii subterane Diyu. Numele s\u0103u deriv\u0103 din zeul mor\u021bilor indian Yama, a c\u0103rui reprezentare a ajuns \u00een China odat\u0103 cu budismul \u0219i s-a contopit acolo cu concep\u021biile autohtone despre lumea de dincolo. Yanluo decide asupra destinului celor deceda\u021bi: le examineaz\u0103 faptele bune \u0219i rele s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219ite \u00een via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i stabile\u0219te \u00een ce form\u0103 vor fi re\u00eencarna\u021bi.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cum este organizat\u0103 lumea subteran\u0103 chinez\u0103 sub conducerea lui Yanluo?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u00cen concep\u021bia chinez\u0103, lumea subteran\u0103 Diyu este organizat\u0103 ca o administra\u021bie cereasc\u0103, o oglind\u0103 a birocra\u021biei p\u0103m\u00e2ntene. Yanluo prezideaz\u0103 \u00een mod tradi\u021bional cele zece tribunale sau cur\u021bi ale lumii subterane, prin care fiecare suflet este condus pe r\u00e2nd. Fiecare tribunal examineaz\u0103 anumite abateri \u0219i pronun\u021b\u0103 pedepsele corespunz\u0103toare. Aceast\u0103 concep\u021bie \u00eembin\u0103 doctrinele budiste ale karmei \u0219i re\u00eencarn\u0103rii cu g\u00e2ndirea confucianist\u0103 despre ordine \u0219i dreptate. Yanluo nu este un conduc\u0103tor arbitrar, ci un judec\u0103tor incorruptibil.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yanluo, zeu al tradi\u021biei chineze Regele iadului, st\u0103p\u00e2nul lui Diyu, judec\u0103tor f\u0103r\u0103 mil\u0103. Yanluo Wang este judec\u0103torul suprem al lumii subterane chineze *Diyu*, un iad cu zece niveluri, fiecare cu propriile sale chinuri. Spre deosebire de Yama indian (str\u0103mo\u0219ul s\u0103u originar), Yanluo Wang nu este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd un zeu al mor\u021bii, ci un judec\u0103tor-administrator, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1742,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yanluo Wang","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yanluo Wang - Regele lumii subterane Diyu","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"china","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-106370","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yanluo Wang - Regele lumii subterane Diyu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yanluo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T17:37:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/\",\"name\":\"Yanluo Wang - Regele lumii subterane Diyu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T17:37:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T17:37:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der China-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Yanluo\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Yanluo\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T17:37:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T17:37:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2890,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/yanluo-wang\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"description\":\"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Yanluo Wang - Regele lumii subterane Diyu","description":"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Yanluo","og_description":"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-08-04T17:37:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Timp estimat pentru citire":"14 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Yanluo","datePublished":"2026-08-04T17:37:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T17:37:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/"},"wordCount":2890,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/","name":"Yanluo Wang - Regele lumii subterane Diyu","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp","datePublished":"2026-08-04T17:37:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T17:37:23+00:00","description":"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der China-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/acasa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Yanluo"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Yanluo","datePublished":"2026-08-04T17:37:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T17:37:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/"},"wordCount":2890,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yanluo-wang\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_china_yanluo.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Judec\u0103torul celor zece niveluri ale iadului, administra\u021bia imperial\u0103 \u0219i transpunerea karmei \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 chinez\u0103."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/106370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106370"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/106370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":106372,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/106370\/revisions\/106372"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}