{"id":106317,"date":"2026-08-04T17:29:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:29:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/jibril-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T17:29:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:29:35","slug":"jibril","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/jibril\/","title":{"rendered":"Jibril"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"106317\" class=\"elementor elementor-106317 elementor-2141\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jibril, \u00eenger al tradi\u021biei islamice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril este figura arhanghelic\u0103 a tradi\u021biei islamice, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerul<\/span> revela\u021biei Coranului \u0219i mijlocitor \u00eentre Allah \u0219i profe\u021bi. Semnifica\u021bia sa din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor const\u0103 \u00een \u00eentruparea mesajului divin (Wahy), \u00een leg\u0103tura direct\u0103 dintre transcenden\u021b\u0103 \u0219i istorie \u0219i \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> coranic\u0103 drept cel mai de \u00eencredere sol ceresc al lui Allah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fiin\u021be de lumin\u0103: fiin\u021be iluminate, protectoare sau \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103toare, arhangheli, mae\u0219tri ai ascensiunii, fiin\u021be luminoase ale naturii. Descrise \u00een tradi\u021biile spirituale vechi \u0219i moderne ca ajutoare \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tori.\">Fiin\u021be de lumin\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/islam\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Universul credin\u021bei islamice cu arhangheli, djini \u0219i fiin\u021be religioase.\">Islam<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Arhanghel, cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103 clas\u0103 \u00eengereasc\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia iudaic\u0103, cre\u0219tin\u0103 \u0219i islamic\u0103.\">Arhanghel<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_jibril-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1597\" alt=\"Jibril - G\u00f6tter aus der Islam-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_jibril-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_jibril-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_jibril-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_jibril.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jibril<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril (cunoscut \u0219i ca Jabrail) \u00eendepline\u0219te func\u021bia de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span> al revela\u021biei \u0219i \u00eenso\u021bitor al profe\u021bilor. Tr\u0103s\u0103turile sale cuprind credin\u021b\u0103, demnitate, proximitate nemijlocit\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de tronul lui Allah \u0219i puritate incorporal\u0103.<\/p><p>Miturile centrale sunt: transmiterea Coranului lui Muhammad de c\u0103tre Jibril (Sura 26:193, 194), apari\u021bia lui Jibril \u00een fa\u021ba Profetului (17:85 Ruh = Jibril), asisten\u021ba lui Jibril la \u00een\u0103l\u021barea Profetului (Isra \u0219i Mi&#8217;raj, Hadith) \u0219i vestirea na\u0219terii lui Isus de c\u0103tre Jibril (Sura 19:16, 21).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Privire de ansamblu: Jibril<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril este men\u021bionat de mai multe ori \u00een Coran (2:97, 98, 16:102, 26:193, 194) \u0219i tratat cu proemine\u021b\u0103 \u00een colec\u021biile de Hadith (Bukhari, Muslim, \u00een arab\u0103, sec. VIII-IX). \u00cencadrarea principal\u0103 se plaseaz\u0103 \u00een perioada islamic\u0103 timpurie (sec. VII). Starea cercet\u0103rii (Schimmel, Hughes, Wild, McLeod) documenteaz\u0103 Jibril ca arhanghel central al revela\u021biei coranice \u0219i al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> mistice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Transmiterea scris\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021biei<\/span> referitoare la Jibril se \u00eentinde pe mai multe secole \u00een trecut, cu mare probabilitate exist\u00e2nd tradi\u021bii orale \u0219i mai vechi, anterioare acesteia. Islamul a p\u0103strat aceast\u0103 entitate sau acest concept de-a lungul unor perioade extraordinar de \u00eendelungate \u0219i l-a transmis cu grij\u0103 din genera\u021bie \u00een genera\u021bie, ceea ce indic\u0103 o semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 \u0219i cultural\u0103 central\u0103.<\/p><p>De la primele versete coranice \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, Jibril este de neconceput \u00een absen\u021ba sa din practica credin\u021bei islamice: credin\u021ba \u00een \u00eengeri se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele \u0219ase articole de credin\u021b\u0103, iar Jibril este men\u021bionat nominal pe primul loc \u00een cadrul acestora. \u0218i prezentul \u00eel cunoa\u0219te ca o realitate vie, de exemplu \u00een a\u0219a-numitul Hadith al lui Gabriel, care este utilizat \u0219i ast\u0103zi ca text didactic despre Islam, Iman \u0219i Ihsan \u00een instruc\u021bia religioas\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril nu a fost limitat la o anumit\u0103 regiune sau localitate, ci era cunoscut \u0219i venerat sau respectuos temut \u00een \u00eentreaga lume islamic\u0103. Fie \u00een mari centre urbane, fie \u00een regiuni rurale periferice, fie \u00een r\u00e2ndul elitei sociale sau al oamenilor de r\u00e2nd, semnifica\u021bia spiritual\u0103 sau cultural\u0103 a acestei entit\u0103\u021bi era recunoscut\u0103 \u00een mod constant \u0219i universal.<\/p><p>Faptul c\u0103 Jibril este men\u021bionat nominal \u00een Coran \u0219i c\u0103 t\u0103g\u0103duirea sa este considerat\u0103, potrivit Surei 2:97-98, du\u0219m\u0103nie fa\u021b\u0103 de Dumnezeu, arat\u0103 locul s\u0103u \u00een con\u0219tiin\u021ba de sine islamic\u0103. Odat\u0103 cu r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea islamului prin comer\u021b, cucerire \u0219i misiune, de la Andaluzia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Asia de Sud-Est, cunoa\u0219terea \u00eengerului revela\u021biei a circulat \u0219i ea, \u00eentr-o form\u0103 remarcabil de unitar\u0103, deoarece Coranul \u0219i Hadith-ul, ca baz\u0103 textual\u0103 fix\u0103, transportau pretutindeni acelea\u0219i afirma\u021bii despre el.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sursele primare sunt Coranul (2:97 Jibril\u2026cu permisiunea lui Allah, 16:102 Sf\u00e2ntul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate incorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie capacitatea de a ac\u021biona \u00een lume.\">Spirit<\/span>, 26:193, 194 versetul revela\u021biei coranice, \u00een arab\u0103, secolul al VII-lea), colec\u021biile de hadith (Sahih al-Bukhari 1:1, Sahih Muslim, \u00een arab\u0103) \u0219i lucr\u0103rile de tafsir (Tabari, Ibn Kathir).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>\u00cen plan secundar, Schimmel (Mystical Dimensions of Islam, 1975), Hughes (Dictionary of Islam), Wild (Islamic Angelology) \u0219i McLeod (Judeo-Islamic Angelology) au analizat rolul central al lui Jibril \u00een teologia islamic\u0103 a revela\u021biei \u0219i a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Curent religios axat pe experien\u021ba direct\u0103 a divinit\u0103\u021bii; central \u00een tradi\u021biile iudaic\u0103, cre\u0219tin\u0103 \u0219i islamic\u0103.\">Mistic\u0103<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 care studiaz\u0103 divinitatea \u0219i doctrina de credin\u021b\u0103 a unei religii.\">Teologie<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril este reprezentat \u00een diverse surse \u0219i tradi\u021bii artistice prin anumite elemente iconografice recurente, care r\u0103m\u00e2n relativ constante de-a lungul deceniilor \u0219i al diferitelor spa\u021bii geografice. Aceste elemente nu sunt pur decorative sau alese \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, ci sunt codificate profund simbolic \u0219i poart\u0103 o mare semnifica\u021bie.<\/p><p>Tr\u0103s\u0103turile cu care tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103 \u00eel descrie pe Jibril \u00eei desemneaz\u0103 func\u021bia: el este considerat Ruh al-Qudus, Duhul Sfin\u021beniei, \u0219i solul care transmite cuv\u00e2ntul lui Dumnezeu profe\u021bilor, nealterat. Relat\u0103rile despre adev\u0103rata sa \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are cu \u0219ase sute de aripi, despre apari\u021bia sa \u00een chip omenesc \u00een fa\u021ba lui Muhammad \u0219i despre rolul s\u0103u la prima revela\u021bie \u00een pe\u0219tera Hira nu sunt ornamente. Cel familiarizat cu Coranul \u0219i cu Hadith-ul \u00eei cite\u0219te din acestea rangul: el st\u0103 \u00eentre Dumnezeu \u0219i trimi\u0219i, nu porunce\u0219te el \u00eensu\u0219i, ci transmite. Fiecare detaliu al tradi\u021biei \u00eel situeaz\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 func\u021bie de mijlocitor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracteristici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril era central \u00een practica religioas\u0103, \u00een ritualurile cotidiene \u0219i \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea de zi cu zi a credincio\u0219ilor islamici. Oamenii se adresau acestei entit\u0103\u021bi \u00een situa\u021bii critice sau \u00een momente de via\u021b\u0103 specifice, ori \u00een anumite perioade rituale ale anului, prin ritualuri structurate, adesea elaborate, rug\u0103ciuni sau ofrande.<\/p><p>Transmiterea revela\u021biei c\u0103tre Muhammad urma, potrivit tradi\u021biei islamice, un tipar ordonat: Jibril a ap\u0103rut pe parcursul a aproximativ 23 de ani \u00een succesiune regulat\u0103, a recitat versetele cuv\u00e2nt cu cuv\u00e2nt \u0219i l-a f\u0103cut pe Profet s\u0103 le repete p\u00e2n\u0103 erau sigure. Literatura hadithic\u0103 descrie acest proces ca un act de predare reglementat, nu ca o experien\u021b\u0103 spontan\u0103.<\/p><p>Faptul c\u0103 musulmanii se raporteaz\u0103 ne\u00eentrerupt, din secolul al VII-lea, la Jibril ca transmi\u021b\u0103tor al Coranului face parte din fundamentul \u00een\u021belegerii islamice a revela\u021biei. Sarcinile sale \u00een tradi\u021bie sunt diverse: el protejeaz\u0103 mesajul de denaturare pe drumul de la cer la profet, \u00eel \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te pe Muhammad \u00een momente de criz\u0103, precum dup\u0103 prima revela\u021bie, \u0219i \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te trecerile, de pild\u0103 \u00een c\u0103l\u0103toria cereasc\u0103, \u00een care \u00eel conduce pe Profet prin ceruri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Jibril<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fi\u0219a de identificare surprinde Jibril prin \u0219ase dimensiuni: originea sa \u00een narativele coranice ale revela\u021biei, publicul-\u021bint\u0103 format din musulmani credincio\u0219i \u0219i mistici, tr\u0103s\u0103turile iconografice ca fiin\u021b\u0103 de lumin\u0103, rolul s\u0103u func\u021bional de mijlocitor al revela\u021biei, paralele cu Gabriel din tradi\u021bia cre\u0219tin\u0103 \u0219i iudaic\u0103 \u0219i rolul s\u0103u mistic \u00een contempla\u021bia sufit\u0103 asupra Wahy (revela\u021biei).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origine<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril este men\u021bionat \u00een textele coranice din secolul al VII-lea, cu r\u0103d\u0103cini \u00een tradi\u021bia iudeo-cre\u0219tin\u0103 a lui Gabriel (identic etimologic: Jibril = Gabriel). Originea geografic\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een Peninsula Arabic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Orientul Mijlociu.<\/p><p>Datarea primei men\u021biuni este Sura 2:97 (perioada medianez\u0103, 623-632 d.Hr.). \u00cencadrarea teologic\u0103 drept <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span> principal al revela\u021biei a avut loc imediat dup\u0103 misiunea profetic\u0103 a lui Muhammad (610-632 d.Hr.).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publicul lui Jibril<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril se adresa \u00een primul r\u00e2nd Profetului Muhammad \u0219i comunit\u0103\u021bii credincio\u0219ilor (Umma). Publicul cuprinde to\u021bi musulmanii ca receptori ai mesajului coranic, misticii interesa\u021bi de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Curent religios axat pe experien\u021ba nemijlocit\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">mistica<\/span> revela\u021biei (cunoa\u0219terea Wahy) \u0219i teologii.<\/p><p>Ocaziile sunt lectura Coranului, medita\u021biile asupra revela\u021biei, rug\u0103ciunile mistice de noapte (Tahajjud) \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103toarea revela\u021biei Coranului (Laylat al-Qadr). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">Invocarea<\/span> se face cu evlavie fa\u021b\u0103 de Wahy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area lui Jibril<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril iconografic: chip masculin cu aripi mari, albe sau argintii, str\u0103lucitor ca lumina, fizionomie demn\u0103. Atributele sunt sulul de scris sau cartea (textul coranic), aura de lumin\u0103 (Nur), uneori crinul sau salutul p\u0103cii. \u00cen miniaturile islamice \u0219i persane: \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rat, aproape orbitor la privire. Leg\u0103tura iconografic\u0103 cu substan\u021ba pur\u0103 a luminii \u00eel distinge pe Jibril \u00een arta sufit\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ac\u021biunea lui Jibril<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong><p>Jibril (Gabriel, \u01e7ibr\u012bl) este \u00een islam unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi arhangheli \u0219i transmi\u021b\u0103torul revela\u021biei c\u0103tre Profetul Muhammad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protec\u021bia oferit\u0103 de Jibril<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril era considerat demn de \u00eencredere, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">sf\u00e2nt<\/span> \u0219i de cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103 integritate. Practicile de invocare cuprindeau rug\u0103ciuni pentru \u00een\u021belegerea revela\u021biei (Fahm al-Wahy), pentru apropierea de mesajul divin \u0219i pentru purificarea inimii (Tazkiyah).<\/p><p>\u00cen tradi\u021biile sufite se practicau medita\u021bii asupra lui Jibril (Muraqaba ala-Jibril) pentru a dob\u00e2ndi cunoa\u0219terea mistic\u0103 (Ma&#8217;rifah) a Cuv\u00e2ntului lui Allah. Respectul fa\u021b\u0103 de Jibril se manifesta ca supunere evlavioas\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de mesajul coranic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figuri comparabile<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figuri comparabile \u00een islam: Mikail (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span> protector, dar mai pu\u021bin central), Israfil (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerul<\/span> \u00eenvierii), Azrael (\u00eengerul mor\u021bii). \u00cen afara islamului: Gavriil cre\u0219tin (vestire, identic cu Jibril), Gavriil iudaic (revelator, identic cu Jibril). Identitatea sa dincolo de grani\u021bele religioase face din Jibril\/Gavriil un caz unic printre arhangeli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protec\u021bie \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Invoca\u021bii \u0219i contempla\u021bie profetic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>Jibril nu este \u00een niciun sens obiect al invoca\u021biei directe precum un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Entitate spiritual\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte d\u0103un\u0103toare sau ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Tradi\u021bii textuale \u0219i nume<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00cen Coran, Jibril este men\u021bionat nominal de \u0219aisprezece ori.<\/p><p><strong>Manifest\u0103ri de respect \u0219i comemorare ritual\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>Nu exist\u0103 o practic\u0103 de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un obiect purtat c\u0103ruia i se atribuie o func\u021bie protectoare \u0219i de respingere a r\u0103ului.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet\u0103<\/span> pentru Jibril \u00een sensul unui obiect de protec\u021bie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jibril, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><p><strong>Tradi\u021bia iudaic\u0103:<\/strong> Jibril este identic cu Gabriel din tradi\u021bia iudaic\u0103 (ebraic\u0103, greac\u0103, arab\u0103: toate \u00eenseamn\u0103 Dumnezeu este puterea mea). Func\u021bia este paralel\u0103: revelator al voin\u021bei divine. Diferen\u021ba: Gabriel \u00een iudaism este \u0219i vestitor al judec\u0103\u021bii; Jibril este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd sol al revela\u021biei. Ambii sunt arhangheli centrali ai tradi\u021biilor lor.<\/p><p><strong>Lumea greco-roman\u0103:<\/strong> Nicio paralel\u0103 direct\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> clasic\u0103. \u00cenrudire \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103: Hermes (sol al zeilor, dar nu mijlocitor al revela\u021biei), Iris (mesaj ceresc). Func\u021bia specific\u0103 a revela\u021biei religioase (Wahy) nu exist\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitate<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> Corespondent mesopotamian: Nabu (scriitor \u0219i revelator al voin\u021bei lui Marduk). Diferen\u021ba: Nabu scrie destine p\u0103m\u00e2nte\u0219ti; Jibril transmite un mesaj cosmic \u0219i etern. Func\u021bia de mijlocitor-scriitor le este comun\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>India\/Asia:<\/strong> Corespondent indian: Saraswati (zei\u021ba \u00een\u021belepciunii \u0219i a cuv\u00e2ntului, hinduism). Paralel\u0103 budist\u0103: Manjushri (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen budismul Mahayana, o fiin\u021b\u0103 iluminat\u0103 care am\u00e2n\u0103 propria eliberare \u00een favoarea pred\u0103rii celorlalte fiin\u021be.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> al \u00een\u021belepciunii \u0219i al puterii cuv\u00e2ntului). Ambele \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc func\u021bia de mijlocitor al \u00een\u021belepciunii divine \u0219i al cuv\u00e2ntului cunoa\u0219terii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9292859 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9292859\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2eedde7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2eedde7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jibril \u0219i pogor\u00e2rea Coranului<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5da021c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5da021c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2992fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa2992fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Func\u021bia central\u0103 a lui Jibril (<em>Jibr\u012bl<\/em>, \u00een Occident cunoscut mai ales ca Gabriel) \u00een islam este transmiterea revela\u021biei. Coranul \u00eel desemneaz\u0103 explicit \u00een Sura 2:97 drept cel care a trimis Scriptura &#8222;cu \u00eeng\u0103duin\u021ba lui Dumnezeu&#8221; \u00een inima Profetului Muhammad.<\/p><p>El este numit totodat\u0103 <em>ar-r\u016b\u1e25 al-am\u012bn<\/em>, &#8222;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate incorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte \u00een lume.\" tabindex=\"0\">Duhul<\/span> cel vrednic de \u00eencredere&#8221; (Sura 26:193), \u0219i interpretat ca <em>r\u016b\u1e25 al-qudus<\/em>, &#8222;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate incorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte \u00een lume.\" tabindex=\"0\">Duhul<\/span> Sf\u00e2nt&#8221;.<\/p><p>Tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">plaseaz\u0103<\/span> \u00eenceputul acestei transmiterii \u00een pe\u0219tera Hira de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Mecca, unde Jibril i s-ar fi ar\u0103tat Profetului pentru prima dat\u0103, cu porunca <em>iqra\u02be<\/em>, &#8222;cite\u0219te&#8221; sau &#8222;recit\u0103&#8221;.<\/p><p>Hadith-ul descrie \u00eent\u00e2lnirea ca cople\u0219itoare fizic: Jibril l-ar fi cuprins pe Muhammad de trei ori, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd acesta a putut recita primele versete ale viitoarei Sure 96. \u00cen restul biografiei profetice, Jibril revine mereu ca mijlocitor, aduc\u00e2nd sure individuale, transmi\u021b\u00e2nd instruc\u021biuni \u0219i oferind sprijin \u00een momente dificile.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere teologic, acest rol de intermediar este decisiv, deoarece garanteaz\u0103 puritatea revela\u021biei. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00cengerul<\/span> nu este un vorbitor independent, ci transmite exclusiv Cuv\u00e2ntul lui Dumnezeu. Doctrina islamic\u0103 despre \u00eengeri subliniaz\u0103 de aceea c\u0103 Jibril nu este adorat, ci este considerat un slujitor.<\/p><p>Totodat\u0103, func\u021bia sa \u00eel plaseaz\u0103 \u00een fruntea ierarhiei \u00eengere\u0219ti. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bie<\/span> binecunoscut\u0103 \u00eel citeaz\u0103 pe Profet spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 Jibril i-ar fi adus Coranul \u00een mai multe &#8222;lecturi&#8221;, ceea ce a influen\u021bat discu\u021bia ulterioar\u0103 despre lecturile canonice ale Coranului.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9c15ba2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9c15ba2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc8bdd9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc8bdd9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hadith-ul lui Gabriel: un dialog didactic despre credin\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpad3bb99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpad3bb99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0831769 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0831769\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unul dintre episoadele cu cel mai mare impact din tradi\u021bia despre Jibril este a\u0219a-numitul <em>\u1e24ad\u012bth Jibr\u012bl<\/em>, transmis printre altele \u00een colec\u021bia lui Muslim.<\/p><p>Jibril apare \u00een chip de om \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00een haine remarcabil de albe \u0219i cu p\u0103r foarte negru, f\u0103r\u0103 nicio urm\u0103 de drum pe el, necunoscut niciunuia dintre cei de fa\u021b\u0103. Se a\u0219az\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba Profetului, \u00eei atinge cu genunchii genunchii \u0219i pune o serie de \u00eentreb\u0103ri.<\/p><p>\u00centreab\u0103 despre Islam, adic\u0103 despre \u00eendatoririle exterioare, despre <em>\u012bm\u0101n<\/em>, credin\u021ba, despre <em>i\u1e25s\u0101n<\/em>, des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219irea l\u0103untric\u0103, \u0219i despre ceasul Judec\u0103\u021bii de Apoi.<\/p><p>La fiecare r\u0103spuns al Profetului, str\u0103inul spune &#8222;ai spus adev\u0103rul&#8221;, ceea ce \u00eei uime\u0219te pe ascult\u0103tori, deoarece cel care \u00eentreab\u0103 nu posed\u0103 de obicei cunoa\u0219terea necesar\u0103 pentru a confirma r\u0103spunsul. Dup\u0103 ce omul a plecat, Profetul le explic\u0103 \u00eenso\u021bitorilor c\u0103 acesta a fost Jibril, venit s\u0103 \u00eei \u00eenve\u021be religia.<\/p><p>Acest Hadith a devenit un text fundamental al doctrinei islamice a credin\u021bei. Triparti\u021bia \u00een Islam, Iman \u0219i Ihsan structureaz\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi lucr\u0103rile de pedagogie religioas\u0103 \u0219i este punctul de plecare pentru distinc\u021bia dintre drept, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Curent religios axat pe experien\u021ba nemijlocit\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">mistic\u0103<\/span>. Remarcabil\u0103 este subtextul didactic al nara\u021biunii: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerul<\/span> cunoa\u0219te r\u0103spunsurile, dar \u00eentreab\u0103 totu\u0219i, pentru ca prin dialog comunitatea s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be.<\/p><p>Astfel s-a transmis forma pred\u0103rii, nu doar con\u021binutul ei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp017eb77 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp017eb77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf5c3843 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf5c3843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gabriel de-a lungul religiilor: compara\u021bie \u0219i delimitare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07fdaf0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp07fdaf0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3860a96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3860a96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jibril \u00ee\u0219i \u00eemparte numele \u0219i func\u021bia sa central\u0103 cu Gavriil din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> iudaic\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219tin\u0103, iar acest fapt este revelator pentru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021ba religiilor<\/span>.<\/p><p>\u00cen Cartea lui Daniel din Tanachul ebraic, Gavriil t\u00e2lcuie\u0219te viziuni, fiind astfel deja un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span> al explica\u021biei \u0219i al medierii. \u00cen Evanghelia dup\u0103 Luca, el veste\u0219te na\u0219terea lui Ioan Botez\u0103torul \u0219i a lui Iisus. \u00cen toate cele trei tradi\u021bii, Gavriil este asociat cu cuv\u00e2ntul divin rostit.<\/p><p>Islamul nu a preluat pur \u0219i simplu aceast\u0103 figur\u0103, ci a integrat-o \u00een propria concep\u021bie despre revela\u021bie. \u00cen timp ce Gavriil \u00een cre\u0219tinism \u00een primul r\u00e2nd veste\u0219te, Jibril \u00een islam transmite un text integral. Aceast\u0103 deplasare corespunde \u00een\u021belegerii diferite a Scripturii: Coranul se \u00een\u021belege ca o trimitere literal\u0103 de sus, iar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerul<\/span> este canalul acestei trimiteri.<\/p><p>Tradi\u021bia musulman\u0103 cunoa\u0219te totodat\u0103 o polemic\u0103 de delimitare. Versetele 97-98 din Sura 2 r\u0103spund, conform exegezei clasice, unui refuz iudaic fa\u021b\u0103 de Jibril \u0219i declar\u0103 c\u0103 celui care \u00eei este du\u0219man lui Dumnezeu, \u00eengerilor S\u0103i \u0219i \u00een mod expres lui Jibril, \u0219i lui Dumnezeu \u00eei este du\u0219man. Acest verset arat\u0103 c\u0103 figura \u00eengerului nu reprezenta doar un patrimoniu comun, ci \u0219i un subiect al disputelor religioase.<\/p><p>Pentru studiul comparativ, Jibril constituie astfel un caz exemplar: o figur\u0103 care revine \u00een mai multe tradi\u021bii religioase \u0219i tocmai prin aceasta face vizibile diferen\u021bele specifice ale acestor tradi\u021bii. Cel care dore\u0219te s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 doctrina \u00eengerilor din islam nu poate ocoli aceast\u0103 re\u021bea de preluare \u0219i reorientare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/gabriel\/\">Gabriel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/mikail\/\">Mikail<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet class=\"iwg-literatur-footer\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Timothy J. Burge: <em>Angels in Islam: Jalal Abualrub&#8217;s Annotated Translation of Muhammad&#8217;s Description of Divine Beings<\/em>. Lamppost Productions, 2011.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jibril, \u00eenger al tradi\u021biei islamice Jibril este figura arhanghelic\u0103 a tradi\u021biei islamice, \u00eengerul revela\u021biei Coranului \u0219i mijlocitor \u00eentre Allah \u0219i profe\u021bi. Semnifica\u021bia sa din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor const\u0103 \u00een \u00eentruparea mesajului divin (Wahy), \u00een leg\u0103tura direct\u0103 dintre transcenden\u021b\u0103 \u0219i istorie \u0219i \u00een teologia coranic\u0103 drept cel mai de \u00eencredere sol ceresc al lui Allah. Fiin\u021be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1597,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Jibril","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Jibril - \u00eenger al tradi\u021biei islamice","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tradi\u021bia scris\u0103 despre Jibril se \u00eentinde pe mai multe secole \u00een trecut","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"islam","wesen_klasse":"lichtwesen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-106317","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jibril - \u00eenger al tradi\u021biei islamice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tradi\u021bia 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