{"id":106204,"date":"2026-08-04T17:11:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/umai-zeita-mamelor-si-copiilor-la-turci\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T17:11:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:11:45","slug":"umai","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/umai\/","title":{"rendered":"Umai &#8211; Zei\u021ba mamelor \u0219i copiilor la turci"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"106204\" class=\"elementor elementor-106204 elementor-2635\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai, zei\u021ba protectoare turco-siberian\u0103 a mamelor \u0219i nou-n\u0103scu\u021bilor<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai este zei\u021ba mamelor \u0219i copiilor din cercul religios turco-siberian. Numele s\u0103u desemneaz\u0103 totodat\u0103 placenta; ea \u00eei ocrote\u0219te pe gravide, nou-n\u0103scu\u021bi \u0219i copiii mici \u0219i st\u0103 al\u0103turi de \u0219amane \u0219i moa\u0219e ca divinitate auxiliar\u0103 personal\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zei\u021b\u0103 a tradi\u021biei Siberia \/ Tengrism.\">Zei\u021b\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/samanismul-siberian\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei Siberia \/ Tengrism.\">Siberia \/ Tengrism<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zei\u021b\u0103 protectoare.\">Zei\u021b\u0103 protectoare<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123660\" alt=\"Umai - zei din tradi\u021bia siberiano-tengrist\u0103, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai este considerat\u0103 zei\u021ba protectoare <strong>turco-siberian\u0103<\/strong> a copiilor \u0219i ajut\u0103toare la na\u0219tere. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cultul<\/span> s\u0103u este atestat \u00een surse mongolo-turcice \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al VIII-lea. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cultul<\/span> s\u0103u este atestat \u00een surse mongolo-turcice \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al VIII-lea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u0219i profil succint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai (cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i ca Omai, Omoj, Umaj, May-Ene) este una dintre pu\u021binele zei\u021be supreme feminine ale tengrismului istoric, clar documentate \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada preislamic\u0103. \u00cen timp ce <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a> garanteaz\u0103, \u00een calitate de zeu ceresc transcendent, ordinea de fond a universului, Umai reprezint\u0103 o putere protectoare concret orientat\u0103 spre spa\u021biul familial: ea vegheaz\u0103 asupra na\u0219terii, somnului sugarului \u0219i primului an de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>Atest\u0103rile se \u00eentind de la inscrip\u021biile orhonice vechi-turce\u0219ti din secolul al VIII-lea (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text gravat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport solid.\" tabindex=\"0\">Inscrip\u021bia<\/span> Tonyukuk) p\u00e2n\u0103 la etnografiile iacute, altaice \u0219i hakase din secolele al XIX-lea \u0219i al XX-lea, ajung\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 la revitaliz\u0103rile moderne din Tuva \u0219i Kazahstan. \u00cen cadrul ariei culturale a <a href=\"\/ro\/samanismul-siberian\/\">Tradi\u021biei Tengriste Siberiene<\/a>, ea reprezint\u0103 figura central\u0103 a Mamei \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o tensiune func\u021bional\u0103 cu <a href=\"\/ro\/ajisit\/\">Ajisit<\/a>, zei\u021ba iaut\u0103 a na\u0219terii.<\/p><p>Umai prezint\u0103 un interes deosebit din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, \u00eentruc\u00e2t stabile\u0219te o leg\u0103tur\u0103 rar\u0103 \u00eentre o func\u021bie matern\u0103 cosmic\u0103 abstract\u0103 \u0219i un substrat anatomic concret: termenul <em>umai<\/em> \u00eenseamn\u0103 la propriu \u201eplacent\u0103&#8221;. Astfel, o parte a corpului devine ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i locuin\u021ba <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">zeit\u0103\u021bii<\/span>, ceea ce aminte\u0219te de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura religioas\u0103 a realiilor anatomice \u00een numeroase alte culturi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i etimologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cuv\u00e2ntul <em>umai<\/em> desemneaz\u0103 \u00een turca veche at\u00e2t \u201eplacent\u0103&#8221;, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u201ezei\u021b\u0103 protectoare a copiilor&#8221;. Aceast\u0103 dubl\u0103 semnifica\u021bie este decisiv\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor: placenta era considerat\u0103 corespondentul material al protec\u021biei divine \u0219i, dup\u0103 na\u0219tere, nu era aruncat\u0103, ci depus\u0103 \u00eentr-un loc sacru (\u00een copac, sub un prag, l\u00e2ng\u0103 vatr\u0103).<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere etimologic, cuv\u00e2ntul este clasificat de Gerard Clauson \u0219i al\u021bi turcologi ca apar\u021bin\u00e2nd turcei vechi, f\u0103r\u0103 un \u00eemprumut iranian sau paleosibirian clar. La iaku\u021bi \u0219i buria\u021bi, ea se nume\u0219te <em>Ymaj<\/em>, respectiv <em>Manzan Gormo<\/em>, cu un rol func\u021bional similar.<\/p><p>Sursele mongole o cunosc sub numele de <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em>, \u201eMama P\u0103m\u00e2nt&#8221;, ceea ce indic\u0103 o contopire par\u021bial\u0103 cu zei\u021ba p\u0103m\u00e2ntului; prin aceast\u0103 contopire, Umai se apropie de <a href=\"\/ro\/yer-sub\/\">Yer-Sub<\/a>.<\/p><p>Inscrip\u021bia<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text incizat sau sculptat \u00eentr-un suport fix.\" tabindex=\"0\"> <\/span>Tonyukuk a g\u00f6kt\u00fcrcilor (aproximativ 720 d.Hr.) o men\u021bioneaz\u0103 al\u0103turi de Tengri \u0219i Yer-Sub, atest\u00e2nd astfel rolul ei central \u00een statul din religia turc\u0103 timpurie. Cercetarea a interpretat aceast\u0103 formul\u0103 de invocare tripartit\u0103 ca o triad\u0103 cosmologic\u0103: cer, mam\u0103, p\u0103m\u00e2nt-ap\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai este descris\u0103 \u00een mod tradi\u021bional ca o femeie t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 cu o cosi\u021b\u0103 lung\u0103 \u0219i podoabe de argint. Ea c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te pe o pas\u0103re alb\u0103 (adesea leb\u0103d\u0103), poart\u0103 o manta brodat\u0103 cu soare \u0219i lun\u0103 \u0219i \u021bine un mic arc de aur cu care alung\u0103 spiritele d\u0103un\u0103toare de la leag\u0103nele copiilor.<\/p><p>Pe tobele \u0219amanice din sudul Siberiei, ea apare de obicei \u00een jum\u0103tatea superioar\u0103, aproape dar sub <a href=\"\/ro\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>.<\/p><p>\u00cen sistemul simbolic al gospod\u0103riei, semnul ei este lemnul leag\u0103nului: mici pandantive sculptate \u00een form\u0103 de pas\u0103re sau arc, ag\u0103\u021bate la leag\u0103n. De asemenea, prima c\u0103m\u0103\u0219u\u021b\u0103 a nou-n\u0103scutului, confec\u021bionat\u0103 adesea din c\u0103ma\u0219a tat\u0103lui, este considerat\u0103 \u201eve\u0219m\u00e2ntul Umai&#8221;. Colec\u021biile etnografice ale Muzeului Rus (Sankt Petersburg) \u0219i ale Muzeului Etnografic din Ulan-Ude cuprind numeroase astfel de obiecte.<\/p><p>\u00cen mi\u0219carea modern\u0103 de re-tengrism tuvinean \u0219i kazah, Umai a devenit o icoan\u0103 cultural\u0103; \u00een Astana, figura ei \u00eempodobe\u0219te o f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103. Aceast\u0103 iconografie modern\u0103 se \u00eentemeiaz\u0103 pe descrierile tradi\u021bionale, dar creeaz\u0103, a\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 adesea \u00een renai\u0219terile religioase, o form\u0103 imagistic\u0103 consolidat\u0103 care nu exista ca atare \u00een materialul istoric.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biuni mitologice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Inscrip\u021bia Tonyukuk<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text gravat sau sculptat \u00eentr-un suport fix.\" tabindex=\"0\"> <\/span>(aprox. 720 d.Hr.) o men\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe Umai pentru prima dat\u0103 al\u0103turi de Tengri: \u201eTengri, Umai \u0219i sf\u00e2nta P\u0103m\u00e2nt-\u0219i-Ap\u0103 ne-au dat victoria.&#8221;, Umai apare aici \u00eentr-o treime al\u0103turi de zeul cerului \u0219i de puterea local\u0103 a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului-apei (cf. <a href=\"\/ro\/yer-sub\/\">Yer-Sub<\/a>). Talat Tekin a analizat \u00een detaliu acest pasaj din punct de vedere gramatical \u0219i semantic \u00een 1968.<\/p><p>O nara\u021biune altaic\u0103, consemnat\u0103 de Wilhelm Radloff, descrie cum Umai coboar\u0103 sufletul unui nou-n\u0103scut din cer \u00eentr-un leag\u0103n de aur \u0219i \u00eel a\u0219ez\u0103 respir\u00e2nd \u00een bra\u021bele mamei. C\u00e2nd moare un copil, \u201eUmai \u00ee\u0219i ia \u00eenapoi c\u0103ma\u0219a&#8221;, o expresie care red\u0103 reversibilitatea darului divin f\u0103r\u0103 a atribui vreo vin\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen epopeile iakute Olonkho, ea se contope\u0219te par\u021bial cu <a href=\"\/ro\/ajisit\/\">Ajisit<\/a> \u0219i apare ca aduc\u0103toare a sufletului vie\u021bii. Aceast\u0103 contopire este revelatoare din perspectiva istoriei religiilor: ea arat\u0103 cum o func\u021bie pan-siberian\u0103 este personalizat\u0103 \u00een mod diferit \u00een panteonurile regionale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cultul<\/span> Umai era str\u00e2ns legat de gospod\u0103rie. Principalele ritualuri erau: s\u0103rb\u0103toarea de purificare <em>nayan-ot<\/em>, la trei zile dup\u0103 na\u0219tere, \u00een care moa\u0219a \u0219i mama trec prin fumul de ienup\u0103r \u0219i r\u0103\u0219in\u0103 de larice; \u201eat\u00e2rnarea arcului&#8221; deasupra leag\u0103nului; jertfa anual\u0103 de alimente (br\u00e2nz\u0103, lapte de iap\u0103, cozonac cu unt) la s\u0103rb\u0103toarea de prim\u0103var\u0103.<\/p><p>\u0218amanii o invocau pe Umai mai ales \u00een \u0219edin\u021bele de vindecare pentru copii. Ea era considerat\u0103 o putere accesibil\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 aur\u0103 misterioas\u0103, o \u201ezei\u021b\u0103 apropiat\u0103&#8221; c\u0103reia i se putea vorbi cu voce tare \u0219i \u00een via\u021ba de zi cu zi. Ast\u0103zi joac\u0103 un rol \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cultura popular\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie, cu obiceiuri, nara\u021biuni \u0219i c\u00e2ntece.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclorul<\/span> tuvinean \u0219i hakass ca figur\u0103 de referin\u021b\u0103 pentru obstetric\u0103\u0219i doliul dup\u0103 sugarii deceda\u021bi.<\/p><p>Observa\u021bia religioso-sociologic\u0103 a lui Vladimir Basilov este esen\u021bial\u0103 aici: Umai umple un gol emo\u021bional \u0219i practic pe care \u00eendep\u0103rtatul Tengri nu \u00eel poate umple. Aceast\u0103 complementaritate apar\u021bine tr\u0103s\u0103turilor structurale ale panteonurilor cu mai multe niveluri, cu un <em>deus otiosus<\/em> \u00een v\u00e2rf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie \u0219i apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Descris \u0219tiin\u021bific (f\u0103r\u0103 promisiuni de eficacitate), complexul apotropaic din jurul Umai cuprindea: at\u00e2rnarea de mici arcuri de lemn sau figuri de p\u0103s\u0103ri deasupra leag\u0103nului; ascunderea placentei \u00eentr-un loc curat; evitarea zgomotelor puternice \u0219i a uneltelor ascu\u021bite \u00een primele 40 de zile; \u00eembr\u0103carea unui \u201eve\u0219m\u00e2nt Umai&#8221; din \u021bes\u0103tura unui frate sau sor\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tos(oas\u0103).<\/p><p>Aceste practici adresau, din perspectiv\u0103 intern\u0103, teama c\u0103 un sugar ar putea fi tras \u00eenapoi de spiritele d\u0103un\u0103toare precum <a href=\"\/ro\/buga\/\">spiritele Khargi<\/a> sau de trimi\u0219ii lui <a href=\"\/ro\/erlik-khan\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a>. Din perspectiv\u0103 extern\u0103 a etnografiei, sunt ritualuri structuratoare ale vie\u021bii cotidiene care confer\u0103 o form\u0103 cultural\u0103 mortalit\u0103\u021bii infantile ridicate.<\/p><p>Perioada de 40 de zile de cru\u021bare dup\u0103 na\u0219tere se reg\u0103se\u0219te \u00een multe religii eurasiatice (cre\u0219tinism ortodox, iudaism, islam), indic\u00e2nd c\u0103 practicile centrate pe Umai fac parte dintr-un complex mai larg de ritualuri de na\u0219tere eurasiatice, f\u0103r\u0103 ca o derivare istoric\u0103 direct\u0103 s\u0103 fie posibil\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comparabile din punct de vedere func\u021bional sunt: Eileithyia \u0219i Hera Argeia grece\u0219ti; Juno Lucina roman\u0103; Moko\u0219 slav\u0103; Frigg nordic\u0103 \u00een rolul ei de ajut\u0103toare la na\u0219tere; \u00een Siberia \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, <a href=\"\/ro\/ajisit\/\">Ajisit<\/a> (iacutii). \u00cen China \u00eei corespunde tipologic Bixia Yuanjun, zei\u021ba na\u0219terii de la Tai-Shan, iar \u00een India, Shashthi.<\/p><p>Punctul istoric relevant: \u00een aproape toate panteonurile care posed\u0103 un zeu ceresc distant, exist\u0103 o figur\u0103 feminin\u0103 protectoare compensatoare pentru drama primului an de via\u021b\u0103. Umai \u00eendepline\u0219te acest rol \u00een tengrism \u00eentr-un mod deosebit de concis. Din punct de vedere religiosfenomenologic, ea este un exemplu de manual pentru corela\u021bia dintre <em>deus otiosus<\/em> sus \u0219i figura feminin\u0103 protectoare concret orientat\u0103 \u201ededesubt&#8221;.<\/p><p>O particularitate semantic\u0103 o leag\u0103 pe Umai de zei\u021ba etrusco-roman\u0103 Mater Matuta, al c\u0103rei nume trimite de asemenea la o func\u021bie corporal\u0103 (lapte matern \/ aurora ca \u201elumin\u0103 matern\u0103&#8221;). Astfel de paralele apar fenomenologic, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar un contact istoric.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare actual\u0103 \u0219i cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen versiunile moderne ale tengrismului din republici (Tuva, Hakasia, Kazahstan), Umai a devenit o figur\u0103 de identificare cultural\u0103; \u00een Astana, o statuie a sa \u00eempodobe\u0219te o f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103 urban\u0103. Din punct de vedere academic, ea face obiectul cercet\u0103rilor lui Vladimir Basilov, Igor Stebleva \u0219i ale turcologei finlandeze Marja-Liisa Sergejeva.<\/p><p>Un important curent de cercetare examineaz\u0103 puntea lingvistic\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bional\u0103 dintre <em>umai<\/em> = placent\u0103 \u0219i <em>umai<\/em> = divinitate protectoare ca exemplu al modului \u00een care religiozitatea se cristalizeaz\u0103 \u00een jurul experien\u021belor corporale materiale. Aceast\u0103 cercetare se afl\u0103 \u00een dialog cu studiile comparative despre na\u0219tere \u0219i moarte ale lui Robert Hertz \u0219i Arnold van Gennep.<\/p><p>Marja-Liisa Sergejeva a ar\u0103tat \u00een lucrarea sa Studies in Turkic Folk Religion (Helsinki, 2006) c\u0103 practicile Umai vii ast\u0103zi \u00een Tuva prezint\u0103 o continuitate remarcabil\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de \u00eenregistr\u0103rile etnografice ale lui Radloff din 1860, un rezultat rar pentru o religie siberian\u0103 dup\u0103 faza de represiune sovietic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dezbateri de cercetare \u0219i \u00eentreb\u0103ri deschise<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dou\u0103 dezbateri metodice marcheaz\u0103 cercetarea despre Umai. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd: \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 str\u00e2nsa cuplare dintre placent\u0103 \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> este un fenomen originar turco-altaic sau reflect\u0103 o sacralizare anatomic\u0103 universal\u0103, pe care o g\u0103sim \u0219i la aymara, \u00een sudul Indiei \u0219i \u00een complexul Yoruba din Africa de Vest?<\/p><p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd: este posibil\u0103 identificarea Umai altt\u00fcrcice din inscrip\u021biile Orkhon cu Umai altaic\u0103 din secolul al XIX-lea, sau cuv\u00e2ntul desemneaz\u0103 \u00een epoci diferite figuri func\u021bionale diferite? Sergei Neklyudov a argumentat \u00een <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em> (Moscova 1992) \u00een favoarea unei identific\u0103ri continue; cercet\u0103ri mai recente cer mai mult\u0103 pruden\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>Peisajul deschis al cercet\u0103rii face din Umai un obiect de studiu fructuos pentru o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 a religiilor<\/span> comparativ\u0103 care ia \u00een serios, al\u0103turi de zei, \u0219i ancor\u0103rile lor corporale \u0219i materiale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Raportul fa\u021b\u0103 de Umai \u00een cercetarea modern\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cercetarea despre Umai s-a diferen\u021biat metodic puternic \u00een ultimele dou\u0103 decenii. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0218tiin\u021ba religiilor<\/span> orientat\u0103 gender (de exemplu la Karen Pechilis Prentiss sau la turcologul finlandez Hilkka Bergroth) o cite\u0219te pe Umai tot mai mult dincolo de rolul de \u201ezei\u021b\u0103 a na\u0219terii&#8221;, ca figur\u0103 feminin\u0103 suprem\u0103 central\u0103, al c\u0103rei statut a fost adesea eclipsat de cercetarea dominant\u0103 despre Tengri.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 re-lectur\u0103 face parte dintr-un trend mai larg de revalorizare a divinit\u0103\u021bilor feminine din religiile altaice \u0219i uralice.<\/p><p>O a doua direc\u021bie de cercetare leag\u0103 Umai de studiul religiei materiale: practicile legate de placent\u0103 (depunere, \u00eenhumare, at\u00e2rnare) sunt citite ca interfa\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre anatomie \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span>. Cercetarea se \u00eenscrie astfel \u00een tradi\u021bia lui Mary Douglas din <em>Puritate \u0219i pericol<\/em> (1966) \u0219i a studiilor lui Robert Hertz despre m\u00e2na \u201edreapt\u0103&#8221; \u0219i \u201est\u00e2ng\u0103&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, cercetarea despre diaspora din Kazahstan \u0219i Turcia a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 practicile legate de Umai sunt transmise \u0219i \u00een medii urbane de clas\u0103 mijlocie, adesea ca \u201etradi\u021bie cultural\u0103&#8221; f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 explicit religioas\u0103. Aceast\u0103 secularizare-cu-persisten\u021b\u0103 este un tipar clasic de sociologie a religiei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i leg\u0103tura cu centrul cultural<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cine dore\u0219te s\u0103 studieze complexul Umai \u00een toat\u0103 amploarea sa g\u0103se\u0219te pe pagina de ansamblu <a href=\"\/ro\/samanismul-siberian\/\">Tradi\u021bia siberian\u0103 tengrist\u0103<\/a> cele mai importante trimiteri \u00eencruci\u0219ate c\u0103tre figuri de protec\u021bie \u00eenrudite precum <a href=\"\/ro\/ajisit\/\">Ajisit<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a> \u0219i puterea terestr\u0103 <a href=\"\/ro\/yer-sub\/\">Yer-Sub<\/a>. Lectura <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text gravat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport fix.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscrip\u021biei<\/span> Tonyukuk \u00een edi\u021bia standard a lui Talat Tekin (1968) r\u0103m\u00e2ne punctul de intrare natural pentru stratul vechi-turcic.<\/p><p>Pentru stratul etnografic al secolului al XIX-lea \u0219i al XX-lea, <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme<\/em> (\u00eencep\u00e2nd din 1866) ale lui Wilhelm Radloff \u0219i <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984) ale lui Vladimir Basilov constituie lucr\u0103rile de referin\u021b\u0103 standard. Studii mai recente sunt, spre exemplu, <em>Studies in Turkic Folk Religion<\/em> (Helsinki 2006) ale Marjei-Liisa Sergejeva \u0219i \u00eenregistr\u0103rile etnografice ale Academiei de \u0218tiin\u021be a Republicii Tuva.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei, cartea lui Mircea Eliade despre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistem religios \u00een care speciali\u0219ti comunic\u0103 cu lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanism<\/span> (1951) r\u0103m\u00e2ne un punct de plecare fructuos, chiar dac\u0103 interpretarea sa nu mai este preluat\u0103 ast\u0103zi f\u0103r\u0103 spirit critic. Critica ulterioar\u0103 a lui Roberte Hamayon (1990) completeaz\u0103 imaginea \u0219i ar trebui citit\u0103 \u00een paralel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profunzime religiosfenomenologic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiilor, Umai reprezint\u0103 un exemplu ilustrativ pentru ceea ce Mircea Eliade nume\u0219te \u201ehierofania \u00eenceputurilor&#8221;: na\u0219terea unui om devine un eveniment cosmic, \u00een care grani\u021bele dintre sus \u0219i jos, dintre vizibil \u0219i invizibil, devin permeabile. \u00cen aceast\u0103 faz\u0103, Umai este prezent\u0103 \u00een mod constitutiv.<\/p><p>De asemenea, leg\u0103tura cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span> leg\u0103natului (c\u00e2ntatul nocturn, leg\u0103narea, ata\u0219area firelor de protec\u021bie) face parte dintr-o larg\u0103 clas\u0103 religios-antropologic\u0103 de \u201erituri de primire&#8221;, pe care folcloristul francez Arnold van Gennep le-a descris sistematic \u00een <em>Les rites de passage<\/em> (1909).<\/p><p>\u00cen compara\u021bie cu alte divinit\u0103\u021bi-mam\u0103 siberiene, Umai se distinge printr-o leg\u0103tur\u0103 special\u0103 cu sfera politic\u0103: \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text gravat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport solid.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscrip\u021bia<\/span> lui Tonyukuk, ea se situeaz\u0103 \u00eentre Tengri \u0219i Yer-Sub, adic\u0103 la nivelul puterii care sus\u021bine statul. Aceast\u0103 \u00een\u0103l\u021bime politic\u0103 nu este de la sine \u00een\u021beleas\u0103, din punct de vedere al istoriei religiilor, pentru o zei\u021b\u0103-mam\u0103 protectoare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reflec\u021bie metodic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lucrul cu sursele despre Umai ridic\u0103 mai multe probleme metodice. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd: cele mai vechi surse sunt scurte formule de invocare din inscrip\u021biile k\u00f6kt\u00fcrcice; descrierile etnografice detaliate provin abia din secolele XIX-XX. O identificare direct\u0103 a celor dou\u0103 straturi nu este \u00een mod necesar garantat\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd: etnografia rus\u0103 \u0219i sovietic\u0103 a identificat adesea Umai cu \u201ezei\u021ba-mam\u0103&#8221; a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021bei comparative a religiilor<\/span>, suger\u00e2nd o lectur\u0103 universalist\u0103 care nu este \u00eentotdeauna sus\u021binut\u0103 de material. Pruden\u021ba religiosfenomenologic\u0103 este necesar\u0103 aici.<\/p><p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd: mi\u0219carea Umai contemporan\u0103 din Tuva \u0219i Kazahstan reprezint\u0103 o auto-reprezentare care se \u00eentemeiaz\u0103 pe surse tradi\u021bionale, dar este ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i un construct modern. Aici este necesar\u0103 o etnologie a religiei reflexiv\u0103, cum a cerut Andrei Znamenski \u00een <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai \u0219i perspectiva comparativ\u0103 circumpolar\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O perspectiv\u0103 comparativ\u0103 circumpolar\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103 Umai apar\u021bine unei largi familii de zei\u021be feminine protectoare ale na\u0219terii, care se \u00eentinde din Scandinavia prin Siberia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een America de Nord. Akka finlandez\u0103, Maderakka din tradi\u021bia sami, Umai altt\u00fcrcic\u0103, <a href=\"\/ro\/ajisit\/\">Ajisit<\/a> iacutic\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een final, \u201ezei\u021bele-mam\u0103-P\u0103dure&#8221; nord-americane la athapasci sunt \u00eenrudite func\u021bional.<\/p><p>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen a descris sistematic aceast\u0103 ramifica\u021bie circumpolar\u0103 \u00een <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998). Dac\u0103 este vorba despre o rudenie genetic\u0103 sau despre o convergen\u021b\u0103 tipologic\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne controversat; ambele ipoteze au argumente solide.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 \u00eencadrare comparativ\u0103 face din Umai un subiect relevant din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific dincolo de materialul altt\u00fcrcic-siberian. Ea se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul unei tradi\u021bii de cercetare preocupate de \u00eentrebarea cum apar func\u021bii religioase similare \u00een condi\u021bii ecologice \u0219i economice similare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d4e6282 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d4e6282\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ba9a041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ba9a041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai \u00een tradi\u021bia inscrip\u021biilor altt\u00fcrcice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21759807 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp21759807\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d0f456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26d0f456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numele <em>Umai<\/em> este cunoscut \u00eenc\u0103 din cele mai vechi texte databile \u00eentr-o limb\u0103 turcic\u0103: inscrip\u021biile runice orkhon-turcice din secolul al VIII-lea, provenite din Mongolia, cu mult \u00eenainte de orice etnografie modern\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text incizat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport fix.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscrip\u021bia<\/span> Tonjukuk \u0219i \u00een contextul monumentelor celui de-al doilea Kaganat Turcic, <em>Umai<\/em> apare \u00eentr-o asociere fix\u0103, \u00een care succesul \u0219i protec\u021bia unei persoane, adesea o femeie de rang \u00eenalt sau un copil, sunt atribuite ac\u021biunii cerului (<em>Tengri<\/em>) \u0219i ale lui Umai.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 atestare timpurie are o pondere istoric\u0103 semnificativ\u0103. Ea demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 reprezentarea unei puteri feminine protectoare, asociat\u0103 cu na\u0219terea, urma\u0219ii \u0219i prosperitatea copiilor, nu este un construct folcloristic modern, ci se \u00eentoarce cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Evul Mediu timpuriu.<\/p><p>Totodat\u0103, ea arat\u0103 c\u0103 Umai era g\u00e2ndit \u00eenc\u0103 de atunci \u00een str\u00e2ns\u0103 pereche cu zeul cerului, \u00eentr-un fel de raport de supraordonare \u0219i subordonare, \u00een care Tengri \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 \u00eenaltul larg, iar Umai \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 apropiatul, ocrotitorul.<\/p><p>Inscrip\u021biile runic-turcice au fost descifrate \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea, \u00een mod determinant de c\u0103tre Vilhelm Thomsen, care a descifrat scrierea \u00een 1893, \u0219i de c\u0103tre Wilhelm Radloff. S\u0103r\u0103cia izvoarelor \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 despre detaliile unui cult al lui Umai \u00een Kaganat nu se cunoa\u0219te aproape nimic. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text incizat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport fix.\" tabindex=\"0\">Inscrip\u021bia<\/span> ofer\u0103 un nume \u0219i o func\u021bie, nu un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> \u0219i nici un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b28eec4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b28eec4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26c2cb55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26c2cb55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoria cuv\u00e2ntului: Umai \u00eentre placent\u0103 \u0219i putere protectoare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20c542e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp20c542e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21bb0935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21bb0935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O particularitate lingvistic\u0103 a Umai este c\u0103 acela\u0219i corp fonic sau unul \u00eenrudit desemneaz\u0103 \u00een mai multe limbi turcice simultan un cuv\u00e2nt concret \u0219i un nume de divinitate. \u00cen diverse limbi turcice, <em>umai<\/em> sau o form\u0103 fonetic apropiat\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 placenta, afterbirth, uneori \u0219i uterul sau amniosul.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 dubl\u0103 semnifica\u021bie nu este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103toare, ci cheia \u00een\u021belegerii. Puterea protectoare care vegheaz\u0103 asupra nou-n\u0103scu\u021bilor \u0219i organul care \u00eenvele\u0219te \u0219i hr\u0103ne\u0219te nen\u0103scutul poart\u0103 acela\u0219i nume, deoarece erau g\u00e2ndite ca dou\u0103 fe\u021be ale aceluia\u0219i lucru.<\/p><p>\u00cen unele obiceiuri documentate etnografic, placenta era de aceea tratat\u0103 cu grij\u0103, p\u0103strat\u0103 sau \u00eengropat\u0103 \u00eentr-un loc protejat, \u00een loc s\u0103 fie \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103 neglijent, deoarece soarta ei era considerat\u0103 legat\u0103 de cea a copilului.<\/p><p>Exist\u0103 de asemenea o veche propunere de a pune numele \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu sanscrita <em>Um\u0101<\/em>, un epitet al zei\u021bei Parvati. Aceast\u0103 propunere este controversat\u0103 \u00een literatura de specialitate \u0219i este respins\u0103 de mul\u021bi turcologi ca insuficient sus\u021binut\u0103 fonetic \u0219i istoric; ea ar trebui men\u021bionat\u0103 doar ca ipotez\u0103 veche \u0219i nesigur\u0103. Linia mai solid\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne cea intraturcic\u0103: Umai ca personificare a unei for\u021be protectoare al c\u0103rei nume provine din sfera na\u0219terii \u0219i a placentei. Pentru conceptul ceresc \u00eenrudit, vezi <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme S\u00fcd-Sibiriens<\/em> (1866ff.)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai este considerat\u0103 \u00een istoria religioas\u0103 turco-siberian\u0103 zei\u021ba protectoare a <strong>mamelor<\/strong> \u0219i nou-n\u0103scu\u021bilor. La turcii altaici, hakasi \u0219i tuvineni, era invocat\u0103 mai ales \u00een perioada din jurul na\u0219terii \u0219i a l\u0103uziei; numele s\u0103u desemneaz\u0103 \u00een turca veche \u0219i placenta, trimi\u021b\u00e2nd astfel la str\u00e2nsa leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu pragul dintre via\u021ba prenatal\u0103 \u0219i noua via\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cenregistr\u0103rile etnografice din secolul al XIX-lea \u0219i \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea descriu ofrande, ritualuri ale leag\u0103nului \u0219i formule de protec\u021bie cu care mamele \u00ee\u0219i puneau copiii sub ocrotirea Umai.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Umai placent\u0103 Tonyukuk leag\u0103n protec\u021bia sugarilor Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-umai\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0219i tradi\u021biile de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/samanismul-siberian\/\">Siberiei \/ Tengrismului<\/a> \u0219i a multor alte culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te tratamentul medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din domeniul \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Umai, zei\u021ba protectoare turco-siberian\u0103 a mamelor \u0219i nou-n\u0103scu\u021bilor Umai este zei\u021ba mamelor \u0219i copiilor din cercul religios turco-siberian. Numele s\u0103u desemneaz\u0103 totodat\u0103 placenta; ea \u00eei ocrote\u0219te pe gravide, nou-n\u0103scu\u021bi \u0219i copiii mici \u0219i st\u0103 al\u0103turi de \u0219amane \u0219i moa\u0219e ca divinitate auxiliar\u0103 personal\u0103. Zei\u021b\u0103Siberia \/ TengrismZei\u021b\u0103 protectoare Cuprins Umai este considerat\u0103 zei\u021ba protectoare turco-siberian\u0103 a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2859,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Umai zei\u021ba-mam\u0103 tengrism","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Umai - Zei\u021ba-mam\u0103 siberian\u0103, cult \u0219i surse","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Umai este zei\u021ba protectoare turco-siberian\u0103 a mamelor \u0219i nou-n\u0103scu\u021bilor. \u00cencadrare cu mit, cult \u0219i surse.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-106204","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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