{"id":106093,"date":"2026-08-04T17:01:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/parvati-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T17:01:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T17:01:57","slug":"parvati","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/parvati\/","title":{"rendered":"Parvati"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"106093\" class=\"elementor elementor-106093 elementor-3006\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5cfa43 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a5cfa43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-657c224 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"657c224\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a93d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8a93d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df46c12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"df46c12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parvati, zei\u021b\u0103 hinduist\u0103 \u0219i so\u021bie a lui Shiva<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fe701a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fe701a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parvati este mama divin\u0103 \u0219i so\u021bia lui Shiva, \u00een care se \u00eembin\u0103 bl\u00e2nde\u021bea \u0219i for\u021ba creatoare a feminit\u0103\u021bii. Parvati este \u00een hinduism zei\u021ba iubirii, a fidelit\u0103\u021bii conjugale, a fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a for\u021bei materne binevoitoare. Ea este so\u021bia lui Shiva \u0219i mama lui Ganesha \u0219i Kartikeya.<\/p><p>Numele ei \u00eenseamn\u0103 &#8222;cea din munte&#8221;, ca fiic\u0103 a zeului mun\u021bilor Himavat (personificarea Himalayei). Parvati este considerat\u0103 forma bl\u00e2nd\u0103 a Marii Zei\u021be (Mahadevi), ale c\u0103rei manifest\u0103ri m\u00e2nioase sunt Durga \u0219i Kali. Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, ea este socotit\u0103 una dintre cele mai importante \u00eentrup\u0103ri ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> hinduse a zei\u021belor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-121c1e5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"121c1e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f5ae06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8f5ae06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/hinduism\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lumile zeilor, asurelor \u0219i protec\u021biei \u00een hinduism, de la tradi\u021bia vedic\u0103 la cea tantric\u0103.\">Hinduism<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c86184e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c86184e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5790c46 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"5790c46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5790c46\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5790c46\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__5790c46\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-597e257 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"597e257\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-397c07c iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"397c07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_parvati-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3228\" alt=\"Parvati - G\u00f6tter aus der Hinduismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_parvati-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_parvati-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_parvati-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_parvati.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce355d4 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ce355d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e942207 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e942207\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e96bb52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e96bb52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mit \u0219i origine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13e21c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13e21c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parvati este, conform tradi\u021biei hinduse, re\u00eencarnarea lui Sati, prima so\u021bie a lui Shiva. Sati se aruncase \u00een focul sacrificial al tat\u0103lui s\u0103u Daksha, deoarece acesta nu \u00eel invitase pe Shiva la marele s\u0103u <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrificiu<\/span>.<\/p><p>Shiva, cople\u0219it de durere, s-a retras \u00een singur\u0103tate. Pentru ca echilibrul cosmic s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi restabilit, Sati s-a ren\u0103scut ca Parvati, fiic\u0103 a lui Himavat \u0219i a lui Mena.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 re\u00eencarnare este relatat\u0103 pe larg \u00een Shiva Purana, \u00een Skanda Purana \u0219i \u00een Mahakavya-ul lui Kalidasa &#8222;Kumarasambhava&#8221; (aproximativ secolul al V-lea). Opera lui Kalidasa se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai mari crea\u021bii ale poeziei \u00een sanscrit\u0103 \u0219i trateaz\u0103, \u00een \u0219apte c\u00e2nturi, na\u0219terea lui Parvati, asceza sa pentru a-l cuceri pe Shiva, c\u0103s\u0103toria lor \u0219i z\u0103mislirea zeului r\u0103zboiului Kartikeya pentru eliberarea zeilor de demonul Taraka.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, Parvati este una dintre zei\u021bele al c\u0103rei profil se contureaz\u0103 abia \u00een hinduismul post-vedic. \u00cen Rig Veda ea nu apare. Primele urme se g\u0103sesc \u00een Mahabharata \u0219i \u00een cele mai timpurii Purane.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Teologia pe deplin elaborat\u0103 a lui Parvati ca Shakti a lui Shiva se dezvolt\u0103 \u00eentre secolele V \u0219i X, odat\u0103 cu ascensiunea shaivismului. Wendy Doniger a analizat pe larg, \u00een &#8222;Siva, the Erotic Ascetic&#8221; (1973), leg\u0103tura plin\u0103 de tensiune dintre ascez\u0103 \u0219i eros dintre Shiva \u0219i Parvati. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologia<\/span> lui Parvati ca Shakti a lui Shiva se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een secolele V-X odat\u0103 cu ascensiunea shaivismului.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Rena\u0219terea lui Parvati ca fiic\u0103 a lui Himavat este una dintre nara\u021biunile teologic cele mai dense ale hinduismului. Sati, prima so\u021bie a lui Shiva, se aruncase din indignare fa\u021b\u0103 de insulta adus\u0103 so\u021bului ei \u00een focul sacrificial al tat\u0103lui s\u0103u Daksha.<\/p><p>Shiva, cuprins de profund\u0103 durere, purta trupul ei prin lumi \u0219i dansa dansul distrugerii Tandava. Pentru a salva lumea, Vishnu a sf\u00e2\u0219iat trupul lui Sati cu discul s\u0103u. P\u0103r\u021bile c\u0103zute au devenit Shakti-Pitha, cele 51 de locuri de putere ale Indiei, care sunt \u0219i ast\u0103zi locuri de pelerinaj.<\/p>\n<p>Rena\u0219terea lui Sati ca Parvati nu este, prin urmare, o simpl\u0103 variant\u0103, ci este necesar\u0103 din punct de vedere teologic: f\u0103r\u0103 Shakti, Shiva nu este func\u021bional; f\u0103r\u0103 Parvati, Kartikeya nu poate fi z\u0103mislit; f\u0103r\u0103 Kartikeya, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Entitate spiritual\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte d\u0103un\u0103toare sau ambivalente.\" tabindex=\"0\">demonul<\/span> Taraka nu poate fi \u00eenfr\u00e2nt; f\u0103r\u0103 aceast\u0103 victorie, lumea este pierdut\u0103.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Wendy Doniger a analizat \u00een &#8222;Siva, the Erotic Ascetic&#8221; (1973) acest lan\u021b cosmologic drept structur\u0103 narativ\u0103 central\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> lui Shiva. Parvati nu este o alegere, ci o necesitate.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdcc005 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fdcc005\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dd6cb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4dd6cb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simboluri \u0219i atribute<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d03363a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d03363a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parvati este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 de regul\u0103 cu dou\u0103 sau patru bra\u021be. \u00cen m\u00e2ini \u021bine flori de lotus, o oglind\u0103, un disc sau gesturi de binecuv\u00e2ntare. Ve\u0219m\u00e2ntul ei este de obicei ro\u0219u sau auriu, poart\u0103 podoabe bogate \u0219i o semilun\u0103 \u00een p\u0103r (\u00eempreun\u0103 cu Shiva).<\/p>\n<p>Animalul ei de c\u0103l\u0103rie este leul sau tigrul, \u00een special \u00een forma sa r\u0103zboinic\u0103 de Durga. \u00cen forma mai bl\u00e2nd\u0103, st\u0103 adesea l\u00e2ng\u0103 Shiva pe taurul Nandi. Leg\u0103tura Parvati-leu \u0219i Durga-leu arat\u0103 grani\u021bele fluide dintre diferitele manifest\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p>Este adesea \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Shiva, ca Ardhanarishvara (pe jum\u0103tate masculin, pe jum\u0103tate feminin, reunite \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103). Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 iconografic\u0103 reprezint\u0103 una dintre cele mai puternice afirma\u021bii ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> hinduse despre inseparabilitatea lui Shiva \u0219i a Shakti sale.<\/p><p>Jum\u0103tatea dreapt\u0103 este Shiva, jum\u0103tatea st\u00e2ng\u0103 este Parvati. Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 este deosebit de bine atestat\u0103 \u00een arta bronzurilor Pallava \u0219i Chola din sudul Indiei.<\/p>\n<p>Simbolurile sale de recunoa\u0219tere \u00een context familial sunt copiii: Ganesha cu capul de elefant \u0219i Kartikeya cu p\u0103unul. Imaginile de familie cu Shiva, Parvati \u0219i am\u00e2ndoi copiii sunt iconografic foarte \u00eendr\u0103gite din Evul Mediu \u00eencoace \u0219i sunt considerate <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O imagine concret\u0103 care reprezint\u0103 un g\u00e2nd abstract.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al vie\u021bii de familie hinduse.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd18d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3dd18d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8b215c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8b215c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a3b15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2a3b15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parvati nu are un singur templu principal, deoarece este venerat\u0103 \u00een nenum\u0103rate manifest\u0103ri locale \u0219i forme de nume. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temple<\/span> importante sunt templul Meenakshi din Madurai (Tamil Nadu), unde Parvati este venerat\u0103 ca Meenakshi al\u0103turi de Shiva (Sundareshwara), \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> Annapurna din Varanasi, unde apare ca d\u0103ruitoare a hranei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Cea mai important\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare a Parvati este Teej, celebrat\u0103 mai ales \u00een nordul Indiei (Bihar, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh) \u0219i \u00een Nepal. Femeile postesc, c\u00e2nt\u0103 c\u00e2ntece dedicate Parvati \u0219i se roag\u0103 pentru fericire conjugal\u0103. Zilele de s\u0103rb\u0103toare celebreaz\u0103 asceza Parvati, nunta ei cu Shiva \u0219i fericirea matrimonial\u0103. \u00cen sudul Indiei, s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Karthikai Deepam (noiembrie-decembrie) este celebrat\u0103 \u00een cinstea Parvati \u0219i a lui Kartikeya.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen \u0219aktism, unul dintre cele trei curente principale ale hinduismului al\u0103turi de vi\u0219nuism \u0219i \u0219aivism, zei\u021ba se afl\u0103 \u00een centru. Tradi\u021biile shakta o venereaz\u0103 pe Parvati \u00een numeroase forme: ca Kali, ca Durga, ca Lalita, ca Tripurasundari.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Devi Bhagavata Purana \u0219i Devi Mahatmya (parte a Markandeya Purana, sec. V-VI) sunt cele mai importante texte ale acestei tradi\u021bii. Klaus Klostermaier a descris \u0219aktismul ca direc\u021bie principal\u0103 distinct\u0103 a hinduismului \u00een lucrarea &#8222;A Survey of Hinduism&#8221; (ed. a 3-a, 2007).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cultul casnic zilnic al multor familii hinduse, Parvati este venerat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Shiva \u0219i Ganesha. \u00cenainte de \u00eencheierea de afaceri, nun\u021bi \u0219i evenimente familiale importante sunt recitate mantre dedicate Parvati. Lalita Sahasranama (Cele o mie de nume ale Lalita-Parvati) este o lucrare liturgic\u0103 foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een sudul Indiei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acfeaf6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"acfeaf6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6b75c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6b75c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mituri importante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f89b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67f89b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mitul principal este asceza \u0219i c\u0103s\u0103toria lui Parvati cu Shiva. Dup\u0103 moartea lui Sati, Shiva se retr\u0103sese \u00een Himalaya \u0219i \u00eentrerupsese orice contact cu lumea. Parvati, n\u0103scut\u0103 fiic\u0103 a lui Himavat, dorea s\u0103 \u00eel cucereasc\u0103 pe Shiva ca so\u021b.<\/p><p>A plecat \u00een mun\u021bi \u0219i s-a supus celei mai aspre asceze. A postit, a suportat pozi\u021bii istovitoare, a \u00eendurat c\u0103ldura \u0219i frigul. Zeul iubirii Kama a fost trimis de zei s\u0103 \u00eei trezeasc\u0103 sim\u021burile lui Shiva, dar Shiva l-a ars cu focul ochiului s\u0103u al treilea.<\/p><p>Parvati \u0219i-a continuat asceza. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, Shiva i s-a ar\u0103tat \u00een chip de brahman, care \u00eel l\u0103uda pe Shiva \u0219i c\u0103uta s\u0103 \u00eei pun\u0103 la \u00eencercare alegerea lui Parvati. Parvati a r\u0103mas ferm\u0103.<\/p><p>Shiva s-a dezv\u0103luit, \u0219i cei doi s-au c\u0103s\u0103torit. Nunta pe muntele Kailash este una dintre cele mai str\u0103lucite nara\u021biuni ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> hinduse. &#8222;Kumarasambhava&#8221; al lui Kalidasa desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 aceast\u0103 scen\u0103 cu mare m\u0103iestrie poetic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Al doilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> central este crearea lui Ganesha. Conform Skanda Purana \u0219i Shiva Purana, Parvati a modelat din murd\u0103ria \u0219i unguentul de pe trupul ei un b\u0103iat \u0219i i-a dat via\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>L-a pus s\u0103 fac\u0103 de straj\u0103 la intrarea \u00een baia ei. Shiva, care nu \u0219tia de copilul nou-creat, s-a \u00eentors \u0219i a fost \u00eempiedicat de Ganesha s\u0103 intre.<\/p><p>Shiva i-a t\u0103iat b\u0103iatului capul din m\u00e2nie. Parvati era cuprins\u0103 de durere \u0219i furie, amenin\u021ba cu distrugerea lumii. Shiva, pentru a calma situa\u021bia, \u0219i-a trimis slujitorii s\u0103 aduc\u0103 capul primei fiin\u021be vii pe care o vor \u00eent\u00e2lni.<\/p><p>Ace\u0219tia au adus capul unui elefant. Astfel, Ganesha a fost readus la via\u021b\u0103 cu cap de elefant. Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune explic\u0103 forma iconografic\u0103 a lui Ganesha \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul multor s\u0103rb\u0103tori populare.<\/p>\n<p>Al treilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este crearea zeului r\u0103zboinic Kartikeya pentru nimicirea demonului Taraka. \u00cen Kumarasambhava \u0219i \u00een multe Purana se spune c\u0103 Taraka putea fi ucis numai de un fiu al lui Shiva \u0219i al lui Parvati.<\/p><p>De aceea, c\u0103s\u0103toria celor doi era o necesitate cosmic\u0103. Din s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba lui Shiva, c\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een Gange, s-a n\u0103scut Kartikeya, care mai t\u00e2rziu \u00eel \u00eenfr\u00e2nge pe demon. Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune mitic\u0103 leag\u0103 Erosul de Cosmos: unirea conjugal\u0103 a doi zei este condi\u021bia prealabil\u0103 a men\u021binerii lumii.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nunta lui Shiva \u0219i a lui Parvati este tratat\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia hinduist\u0103 cu mare aten\u021bie. Ea este considerat\u0103 modelul mitic al tuturor nun\u021bilor hinduse.<\/p><p>\u00cen &#8222;Kumarasambhava&#8221;, Kalidasa descrie preg\u0103tirile cu acurate\u021be poetic\u0103: \u00eempodobirea miresei, sosirea lui Shiva cu alaiul s\u0103u neobi\u0219nuit de Bhutas \u0219i Pretas (spirite \u0219i demoni), cununia la focul sacru, noaptea nun\u021bii. Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune a fost elaborat\u0103 de Kalidasa \u00een secolul al V-lea \u0219i a servit de atunci drept model pentru numeroase opere literare \u0219i iconografice.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span> cre\u0103rii lui Ganesha de c\u0103tre Parvati este deosebit de interesant din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, deoarece tematizeaz\u0103 tensiunea dintre dragostea matern\u0103 \u0219i loialitatea conjugal\u0103. Parvati \u00eel creeaz\u0103 pe Ganesha f\u0103r\u0103 \u0219tirea lui Shiva, Ganesha \u00ee\u0219i ap\u0103r\u0103 mama \u00eempotriva propriului tat\u0103, Shiva \u00eel ucide \u0219i \u00eei d\u0103 apoi capul de elefant.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune este citit\u0103 \u00een antropologia familiei ca ilustrare mitic\u0103 a conflictelor oedipale. Robert Goldberg, Stanley Kurtz \u0219i Wendy Doniger au analizat pe larg acest material \u00een anii 1980 \u0219i 1990. Familia hinduist\u0103 devine astfel o scen\u0103 teologic\u0103 pe care conflictele \u0219i reconcilierile sunt jucate mitic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5b705e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5b705e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b77658f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b77658f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rela\u021bii \u00een panteon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4279bd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4279bd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rela\u021bia principal\u0103 a lui Parvati este cea cu Shiva. Am\u00e2ndoi sunt concepu\u021bi ca un singur tot (Ardhanarishvara). \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> \u0219i \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, Shiva \u0219i Parvati sunt inseparabili. Shiva f\u0103r\u0103 Shakti este sava (cadavru), Shakti f\u0103r\u0103 Shiva este mi\u0219care f\u0103r\u0103 con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103. Aceast\u0103 doctrin\u0103 este elaborat\u0103 filozofic \u00een tantrism, mai ales \u00een \u0219coala Kashmir-Shaiva (sec. X-XI, Abhinavagupta).<\/p>\n<p>Copiii lor sunt Ganesha \u0219i Kartikeya. Am\u00e2ndoi se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cei mai venera\u021bi zei ai hinduismului, mai ales Ganesha. Familia Shiva-Parvati-Ganesha-Kartikeya este una dintre cele mai importante familii divine ale Indiei \u0219i este adesea \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O imagine concret\u0103 care reprezint\u0103 un g\u00e2nd abstract.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al vie\u021bii de familie ideale.<\/p>\n<p>Parvati este sora Gang\u0103i, zei\u021ba r\u00e2ului. Am\u00e2ndou\u0103 sunt fiice ale lui Himavat. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> cobor\u00e2rii Gang\u0103i exist\u0103 tensiuni \u00eentre surori, deoarece Shiva prime\u0219te Ganga \u00een p\u0103rul s\u0103u, ceea ce o st\u00e2rne\u0219te pe Parvati la gelozie.<\/p>\n<p>Manifest\u0103rile lui Parvati ca Durga \u0219i Kali (\u00een tradi\u021biile Shakta) relev\u0103 cealalt\u0103 latur\u0103 a ei. \u00cen Devi Mahatmya, Durga lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva demonului-bivol Mahishasura. \u00cen Mahabhagavata Purana, Parvati elibereaz\u0103 din fruntea ei pe Kali pentru a nimici demonii Shumbha \u0219i Nishumbha. Aceste manifest\u0103ri r\u0103zboinice sunt expresia aceleia\u0219i divinit\u0103\u021bi, \u00een form\u0103 mai \u00eentunecat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1c6f44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f1c6f44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-438ea17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"438ea17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare \u0219i influen\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae0509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ae0509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parvati este una dintre zei\u021bele centrale ale poeziei sanscrite clasice. &#8222;Kumarasambhava&#8221; al lui Kalidasa (sec. V) este opera remarcabil\u0103. \u0218i Banabhatta \u00een &#8222;Harshacharita&#8221; (sec. VII) \u00eei dedic\u0103 strofe. \u00cen literatura Tamil-Bhakti a Nayanarilor (sec. VI-IX), Parvati este inseparabil legat\u0103 de Shiva \u0219i este adesea c\u00e2ntat\u0103 ca Uma sau Ambika.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen arta plastic\u0103 a Indiei, Parvati este una dintre cele mai frecvente reprezent\u0103ri divine din perioada Gupta (sec. IV-VI). Bronzurile Chola din sudul Indiei (sec. X-XIII) produc figuri clasice de Parvati, printre care celebrul tip de bronz al lui Parvati ca zei\u021b\u0103 bl\u00e2nd\u0103 \u00een picioare. Aceste sculpturi sunt expuse \u00een multe muzee occidentale, ca de pild\u0103 \u00een British Museum din Londra \u0219i \u00een Metropolitan Museum din New York.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiv\u0103 popular\u0103, Parvati este omniprezent\u0103. \u00cen fiecare <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> al lui Shiva ea este prezent\u0103 ca so\u021bie. \u00cen multe sate ale Indiei exist\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> locale ale lui Parvati sub denumiri locale (Bhagavati \u00een Kerala, Amma \u00een Andhra Pradesh, Chandi \u00een Bengal).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Aceste manifest\u0103ri locale sunt descrise \u00een antropologia Indiei, mai ales \u00een lucr\u0103rile lui Lawrence Babb (&#8222;The Divine Hierarchy&#8221;, 1975) \u0219i Cynthia Talbot (&#8222;Precolonial India in Practice&#8221;, 2001).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Occident, Parvati a devenit cunoscut\u0103 prin indologia secolului al XIX-lea. Heinrich Zimmer, Stella Kramrisch \u0219i Wendy Doniger au adus-o \u00een lucr\u0103rile lor unui public interna\u021bional. \u00cen cultura mondial\u0103 modern\u0103 a yoga \u0219i spiritualit\u0103\u021bii, Parvati este adesea interpretat\u0103 ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al for\u021bei creatoare feminine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7fd3f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f7fd3f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5f2851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a5f2851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a33591e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a33591e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>David Kinsley a \u00eencadrat \u00een &#8222;Hindu Goddesses&#8221; (1986) Parvati ca \u00eentrupare central\u0103 a concep\u021biei hinduse despre zei\u021b\u0103 ca Shakti, adic\u0103 for\u021b\u0103 creatoare \u0219i sus\u021bin\u0103toare a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinit\u0103\u021bii<\/span> masculine. Aceast\u0103 clasificare este stabilit\u0103 \u00een cercetare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u00cen tantrism, mai ales \u00een \u0219coala Kashmir-Shaiva (Abhinavagupta, sec. X-XI), Parvati este conceput\u0103 ca Vimarsha (autocon\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, pulsa\u021bie) a lui Shiva. Shiva este Prakasha (lumina pur\u0103), Parvati este autoexperien\u021ba acestei lumini. Aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> \u00eenalt abstract\u0103 a fost prelucrat\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific de Klaus Klostermaier \u0219i Andre Padoux (&#8222;Vac: The Concept of the Word in Selected Hindu Tantras&#8221;, 1990).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Din perspectiv\u0103 religios-antropologic\u0103, Parvati este un exemplu de tensiune dintre aspectele bl\u00e2nde \u0219i r\u0103zboinice ale zei\u021belor \u00een hinduism. Wendy Doniger a citit \u00een &#8222;The Hindus: An Alternative History&#8221; (2009) aceast\u0103 dubl\u0103 natur\u0103 ca reflex al unei tensiuni complexe \u00eentre tradi\u021bia brahmanic\u0103 ortodox\u0103 \u0219i cea non-brahmanic\u0103 tantric\u0103. Parvati \u00eentrupeaz\u0103 ambele: zei\u021ba casnic\u0103 ortodox\u0103 \u0219i energia tantric\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen shaktism, cel de-al treilea mare curent al hinduismului clasic al\u0103turi de vi\u0219nuism \u0219i shaivism, zei\u021ba se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span>. Parvati nu este aici o figur\u0103 auxiliar\u0103 a unui zeu masculin, ci \u00eens\u0103\u0219i realitatea suprem\u0103 (Mahadevi).<\/p><p>Devi Mahatmya (Markandeya Purana 81-93, aproximativ sec. V-VI) este textul fondator al acestei tradi\u021bii. \u00cen cele 700 de strofe, Marea Zei\u021b\u0103 este celebrat\u0103 \u00een manifest\u0103rile sale (Durga, Mahalakshmi, Saraswati), \u00eenfr\u00e2ng\u00e2nd pe r\u00e2nd demonii Madhu-Kaitabha, Mahishasura \u0219i Shumbha-Nishumbha.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologia<\/span> Shakta o face pe Parvati prima cauz\u0103. Shiva este baza con\u0219tiin\u021bei (chit), Parvati este mi\u0219carea creatoare (kriya). F\u0103r\u0103 mi\u0219care, con\u0219tiin\u021ba este lipsit\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> a fost elaborat\u0103 filozofic \u00een Kashmir-Shaivism (Vasugupta, Abhinavagupta, sec. IX-XI) \u0219i face parte din cele mai exigente sisteme metafizice ale filozofiei indiene. Andre Padoux, Mark Dyczkowski \u0219i Paul Muller-Ortega au consacrat aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie \u00een cercetarea occidental\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiv\u0103 mitologic\u0103 comparativ\u0103, Parvati are paralele cu Hera greac\u0103 (so\u021bie a zeului suprem), Afrodita (zei\u021b\u0103 a iubirii conjugale), Demetra (zei\u021b\u0103-mam\u0103) \u0219i Atena (lupt\u0103toare \u00een forma Durga). Niciuna dintre aceste paralele nu surprinde \u00eens\u0103 specificul teologic al lui Parvati ca so\u021bie bl\u00e2nd\u0103 \u0219i totodat\u0103 energie cosmic\u0103. Aceast\u0103 natur\u0103 dual\u0103 este una dintre cele mai remarcabile tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> hinduse a zei\u021belor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3529712 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3529712\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5487e2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5487e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103 suplimentar\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74b12da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74b12da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surse primare: Shiva Purana, Skanda Purana, Devi Mahatmya (Markandeya Purana 81-93, aproximativ sec. V-VI), Devi Bhagavata Purana, Mahabharata \u0219i Ramayana (cu referin\u021be), Kalidasa &#8222;Kumarasambhava&#8221; (sec. V).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Texte tantrice: Lalita Sahasranama (\u00een Brahmanda Purana), Saundarya Lahari (atribuit lui Shankara, sec. VIII). Traduceri \u00een englez\u0103: Kumarasambhava de Hank Heifetz &#8222;The Origin of the Young God&#8221; (1985), Devi Mahatmya de Thomas Coburn &#8222;Encountering the Goddess&#8221; (1991).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>David Kinsley &#8222;Hindu Goddesses&#8221; (1986) \u0219i &#8222;Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine&#8221; (1997).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wendy Doniger &#8222;Siva, the Erotic Ascetic&#8221; (1973) \u0219i &#8222;The Hindus: An Alternative History&#8221; (2009).<\/span><\/li><li>Andre Padoux &#8222;Vac&#8221; (1990).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Madeleine Biardeau &#8222;Hinduism: The Anthropology of a Civilization&#8221; (1989).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Stella Kramrisch &#8222;The Presence of Siva&#8221; (1981).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatura\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parvati, zei\u021b\u0103 hinduist\u0103 \u0219i so\u021bie a lui Shiva Parvati este mama divin\u0103 \u0219i so\u021bia lui Shiva, \u00een care se \u00eembin\u0103 bl\u00e2nde\u021bea \u0219i for\u021ba creatoare a feminit\u0103\u021bii. Parvati este \u00een hinduism zei\u021ba iubirii, a fidelit\u0103\u021bii conjugale, a fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a for\u021bei materne binevoitoare. Ea este so\u021bia lui Shiva \u0219i mama lui Ganesha \u0219i Kartikeya. Numele ei [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3228,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Parvati","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Parvati - Mama Divin\u0103 \u0219i So\u021bie a lui Shiva | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Parvati este zei\u021ba hinduist\u0103 fiic\u0103 a muntelui, so\u021bie a lui Shiva, mam\u0103 a lui Ganesha \u0219i Kartikeya. \u00cencarnare a Devi, cu aspecte ca Durga \u0219i Kali.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-106093","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Parvati - Mama Divin\u0103 \u0219i 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