{"id":106049,"date":"2026-08-04T16:57:16","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/nabu-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:57:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:57:42","slug":"nabu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/nabu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nabu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"106049\" class=\"elementor elementor-106049 elementor-2080\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu, zeu al tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu este zeu al tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene.<\/p><p><strong>Zeul scrierii, scribul zeilor, fiul lui Marduk.<\/strong> Nabu (cunoscut \u0219i ca Nebo) nu este cel mai puternic, dar este unul dintre cei mai \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi zei ai Mesopotamiei. St\u0103 cu stiloul \u0219i t\u0103bli\u021ba de scris la Borsippa, not\u00e2nd destinul fiec\u0103rui om pe t\u0103bli\u021bele de piatr\u0103 ale legii universale. Acolo unde al\u021bi zei domnesc prin fulger \u0219i r\u0103zboi, Nabu domne\u0219te prin cuv\u00e2nt, scrierile \u0219i invoca\u021biile sale constituind fundamentul oric\u0103rei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magii<\/span> \u0219i ordini.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Verehrat prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-mesopotamiene\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Leag\u0103nul religiei documentate, Sumer, Akkad, Babilon, Asiria (cca. 3500 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 330 \u00ee.Hr.).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123393\" alt=\"Nabu - zei din tradi\u021bia mesopotamian\u0103, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil succint: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Divinitate principal\u0103 mesopotamian\u0103, zeu al scrierii \u0219i al \u00een\u021belepciunii<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Totalitatea zeit\u0103\u021bilor dintr-o religie sau cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Babilon, Assur (fiu al lui Marduk)<br>Func\u021bie: Arta scrierii, t\u0103bli\u021bele destinului, astronomie, \u00een\u021belepciune<br>Atribute principale: Stilul de scris, t\u0103bli\u021ba de lut, diadema \u00eenalt\u0103 \u00een form\u0103 de p\u0103l\u0103rie, dragonul (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u)<br>Centre de cult principale: Borsippa (centru principal de cult, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templul<\/span> E-zida), Babilon, Ninive<br>Identificare astronomic\u0103: Mercur<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu este atestat \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada babilonian\u0103 veche (\u00eenceputul mileniului II \u00ee.Hr.). Perioada de maxim\u0103 \u00eenflorire se situeaz\u0103 \u00een epoca neobabilonian\u0103 (sec. VII-VI \u00ee.Hr.), c\u00e2nd sub Nabopolassar \u0219i Nebucadne\u021bar al II-lea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un Bauwerk, das der Verehrung einer oder mehrerer Gottheiten dient.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> E-zida din Borsippa este extins devenind unul dintre cele mai importante complexe ale Babilonului.<\/p><p>R\u0103m\u00e2ne central \u00een perioadele tardar-ahemenid\u0103 \u0219i seleucid\u0103; odat\u0103 cu declinul Imperiului Babilonian (sec. I d.Hr.), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> se stinge.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalul loc de cult era <strong>Borsippa<\/strong> (ast\u0103zi Birs Nimrud, la aproximativ 17 km sud de Babylon), cu renumitul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templu<\/span> <em>E-zida<\/em>. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acesta, Babylon (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templu<\/span> \u00een complexul Esagila), Ninive (principal loc de cult \u00een Asiria), Kalhu (Nimrud, ni\u0219\u0103 de cult \u00een Ezida din Kalhu).<\/p><p>\u00cen Imperiul neobabilonian, procesiunea anual\u0103 Akitu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O procesiune religioas\u0103 solemn\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Procesiune<\/span> reprezenta ocazia central\u0103: Nabu c\u0103l\u0103torea cu o corabie de la Borsippa la Babylon, la Marduk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surse centrale: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (fiul lui Marduk), inscrip\u021biile regilor neobabilonieni (Nebucadne\u021bar, Nabonidus), epopeea <em>Erra<\/em> (men\u021biune), inscrip\u021biile Ezida din Borsippa, <em>Imnul lui Nabu<\/em>. Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103: Pomponio, <em>Nab\u00fb. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>; Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante ortografice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu este reprezentat ca un b\u0103rbat t\u00e2n\u0103r, cu barb\u0103, purt\u00e2nd o p\u0103l\u0103rie ascu\u021bit\u0103 sau o coroan\u0103, adesea a\u0219ezat la o mas\u0103 de scris sau aplecat asupra t\u0103bli\u021belor de lut. Atributul s\u0103u este stiloul scriitoricesc (<em>kalam<\/em>) \u0219i t\u0103bli\u021ba de scris.<\/p><p>\u021aine uneori un sul de scriere sau poart\u0103 legendara t\u0103bli\u021b\u0103 a destinului (<em>Tuppi \u0160\u012bm\u0101ti<\/em>). Uneori este reprezentat al\u0103turi de o pas\u0103re-scrib sau de un dragon (animalul s\u0103u heraldic). Culoarea sa este albastrul sau purpuriul, nobile \u0219i pline de \u00een\u021belepciune.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracteristici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu este zeul scriitorilor, c\u0103rturarilor \u0219i astronomilor. Cine dorea s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 scrie se ruga lui Nabu. Preo\u021bii \u00eel consultau la interpretarea semnelor sacre \u0219i a omenelor. \u00cen ritualurile magice numele s\u0103u era invocat, o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un ritual lingvistic care urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 invoce sau s\u0103 lege o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">incanta\u021bie<\/span> scris\u0103 a unui scriitor era puternic\u0103, deoarece Nabu \u00eensu\u0219i binecuv\u00e2nta scrierea.<\/p><p>S\u0103rb\u0103toarea sa (<em>Nabu-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un cortegiu religios solemn.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiune<\/span><\/em>) era o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un cortegiu religios solemn.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiune<\/span> de la Borsippa la Babilon, unde \u00eel vizita pe tat\u0103l s\u0103u Marduk. Scriitorii \u0219i c\u0103rturarii \u00eel venerau ca patron al lor. Biblioteca din Ninive era <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">consacrat\u0103<\/span> lui Nabu, toate colec\u021biile de cunoa\u0219tere se aflau sub protec\u021bia sa.<\/p><h3>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are \u0219i simbolic\u0103<\/h3><p><em>Nabu<\/em> este reprezentat ca un t\u00e2n\u0103r purt\u00e2nd o coroan\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103, un stil de scris \u0219i t\u0103bli\u021be. El este adesea \u00eenconjurat de suluri de manuscrise sau c\u0103r\u021bi. Animalul s\u0103u sacru este dragonul \u00eenaripat <em>Mushussu<\/em> sau uneori o pas\u0103re care transmite mesaje.<\/p><p><em>Nabu<\/em> poart\u0103 frecvent un ve\u0219m\u00e2nt albastru sau verde, culorile scrierii \u0219i ale cunoa\u0219terii. Un condei sau o pan\u0103 este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbolul<\/span> s\u0103u principal. Ochii s\u0103i sunt intensi \u0219i p\u0103trunz\u0103tori, deoarece v\u0103d toate adev\u0103rurile ascunse. Prezen\u021ba sa este \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de lumin\u0103, care reprezint\u0103 inteligen\u021ba \u0219i iluminarea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cele mai importante aspecte ale lui Nabu dintr-o privire. C\u00e2mpurile de mai jos rezum\u0103 originea, func\u021bia, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area, venerarea, simbolurile \u0219i paralelele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Originea lui Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu este fiul lui Marduk \u0219i al Sarpanitu. So\u021b al <em>Tashmetu<\/em> (zei\u021ba mijlocirii). Face parte din a doua genera\u021bie a panteonului babilonian, \u00een ordinea teogonic\u0103. \u00cen tradi\u021bia asirian\u0103 este pre\u021buit \u00een paralel cu Marduk; regii asirieni poart\u0103 adesea elementul <em>Nabu-&#8230;<\/em> \u00een nume.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aria de protec\u021bie a lui Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patron al scrierii \u0219i al savan\u021bilor; breasla scriberilor se afla direct sub protec\u021bia sa. P\u0103zitor al <em>t\u0103bli\u021belor destinului<\/em> (\u00een akkadian\u0103 <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em>): pe acestea sunt \u00eenscrise destinele tuturor oamenilor \u0219i ale tuturor lucrurilor. Patron al astronomiei \u0219i al practicii \u0219tiin\u021bifice; preo\u021bii-astronomi (<em>tup\u0161arr\u00fb<\/em>) erau considera\u021bi slujitorii s\u0103i. De asemenea patron al oric\u0103rei activit\u0103\u021bi \u0219colare \u0219i de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> personal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Form\u0103<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorf, ca figur\u0103 masculin\u0103 b\u0103rbos\u0103 cu tiar\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 \u0219i ve\u0219m\u00e2nt lung, multistratificat. Atribute caracteristice: <em>stiloul scriitoricesc<\/em> (\u00een sumerian\u0103n <em>gi-dub-ba<\/em>) \u0219i <em>t\u0103bli\u021ba de lut<\/em>, adesea pe un soclu sau \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103. \u00censo\u021bit de fiin\u021ba <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 care reune\u0219te \u00een sine tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale diferitelor vie\u021buitoare.\" tabindex=\"0\">hibrid\u0103<\/span> dragon <em>Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u<\/em> (preluat de la Marduk). \u00cen gliptic\u0103, adesea a\u0219ezat cu t\u0103bli\u021ba de lut pe genunchi. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Simbol<\/span> stilizat: stiloul scriitoricesc (comparabil cu Caduceul).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Influen\u021ba lui Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong> Nabu era invocat de to\u021bi scriitorii \u0219i c\u0103rturarii. \u0218colile de scribi \u00eencepeau ziua cu o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea lingvistic\u0103 a omului c\u0103tre o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">rug\u0103ciune<\/span> adresat\u0103 lui Nabu. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venera\u021bie religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> personal, el era rugat pentru \u00eenscrierea unui destin favorabil, iar <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em> erau considerate determinante.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O procesiune religioas\u0103 solemn\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Procesiunea<\/span> Akitu a lui Nabu de la Borsippa la Babylon (\u00een luna Nisan) era una dintre cele mai mari s\u0103rb\u0103tori populare ale Mesopotamiei. Regii \u00ee\u0219i demonstrau evlavia particip\u00e2nd la aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O procesiune religioas\u0103 solemn\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiune<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forme de protec\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stiloul scriitoricesc (gi-dub-ba), t\u0103bli\u021ba de lut, tiara \u00eenalt\u0103, dragonul (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u), stelele astronomice (Mercur), stiva de t\u0103bli\u021be \u0219colare. Plante: tamarisc (t\u0103bli\u021bele de scris erau fixate pe lemn de tamarisc), lemn de cedru. Num\u0103r sacru: 14.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fiin\u021be \u00eenrudite<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Thoth<\/em> (Egipt, zeu al scrierii \u0219i al \u00een\u021belepciunii, aproape identic func\u021bional), <em>Hermes<\/em> (Grecia, patron al scriberilor, mesager), <em>Mercurius<\/em> (Roma, identic astronomic prin Mercur), <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (hinduism, zei\u021ba cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i a scrierii), <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012b<\/em> (budism, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen budismul Mahayana, un iluminat care am\u00e2n\u0103 propria eliberare \u00een favoarea pred\u0103rii pentru celelalte fiin\u021be.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> al \u00een\u021belepciunii), <em>Mimir<\/em> (germanic, f\u00e2nt\u00e2na \u00een\u021belepciunii), <em>Ogma<\/em> (celtic, inventatorul scrierii Ogham).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Ritualuri de venerare<\/h3><p>Nabu, zeu al scriberilor \u0219i al \u00een\u021belepciunii, avea centrul s\u0103u principal de cult E-zida la Borsippa (8 km la sud de Babilon). Tat\u0103l s\u0103u Marduk \u0219i el formau o diad\u0103 divin\u0103 central\u0103 de tip tat\u0103-fiu.<\/p><p>La s\u0103rb\u0103toarea de Anul Nou <em>ak\u012btu<\/em>, statuia lui Nabu era purtat\u0103 \u00een procesiune de la Borsippa la Babilon, un festival de opt zile cu umilin\u021ba ritualic\u0103 a regelui \u00eenaintea lui Marduk. Ucenicii scriberi \u00eel cinsteau pe Nabu cu dedica\u021bii de t\u0103bli\u021be (conuri de lut cu fraze standard din via\u021ba \u0219colii <em>Edubba<\/em>, cf. Bott\u00e9ro).<\/p><h3>Invoca\u021bii<\/h3><p>\u201eImnul lui Nabu din Eridu&#8221; (BWL 113-115) \u00eel c\u00e2nt\u0103 ca \u201er\u0113\u02bei m\u0101ti&#8221; (p\u0103storul \u021b\u0103rii). La \u00eencheierea contractelor, stiloul \u0219i t\u0103bli\u021ba lui Nabu erau invocate drept garan\u021bi. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea lingvistic\u0103 a omului c\u0103tre o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">Rug\u0103ciunea<\/span> zilnic\u0103 a scriberilor la stilou \u00eencepea cu \u201eNab\u00fb \u0161\u016bp\u016b q\u0101t\u012bya&#8221; (Nabu, des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219e\u0219te m\u00e2inile mele).<\/p><h3>Amulete \u0219i simboluri de protec\u021bie<\/h3><p>Stiloul (qan-\u1e6duppi) cu t\u0103bli\u021ba, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbolul<\/span> iconografic al lui Nabu, apare pe pietrele de hotar babiloniene \u0219i asiriene (Kudurru, cf. Slanski). Cilindrii de lut apotropaici cu texte imprimate, plasa\u021bi sub intr\u0103rile caselor, trebuiau s\u0103 protejeze cunoa\u0219terea, scrierea \u0219i contractele. Animalul s\u0103u sacru este mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u (dragonul-\u0219arpe), vizibil la Poarta Ishtarului din Babilon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu seam\u0103n\u0103 cu Thoth egiptean; am\u00e2ndoi sunt zei ai scrierii, \u00een\u021belepciunii \u0219i cuvintelor magice. Cu Hermes grec \u00eemparte rolul de mediator \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nirea limbajului. Tradi\u021bia ebraic\u0103 nu are o paralel\u0103 direct\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 figura poart\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103turile conceptului <em>Dabar Adonai<\/em> (Cuv\u00e2ntul lui Dumnezeu).<\/p><p>\u00cen culturile indiene el poate fi comparat cu Saraswati, zei\u021ba limbajului, artelor \u0219i cunoa\u0219terii. Nabu este singurul zeu care nu se pierde prin t\u0103cere, ci subzist\u0103 prin t\u0103bli\u021bele \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templele<\/span> care \u00eei poart\u0103 numele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp755c94f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp755c94f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9781a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9781a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu \u0219i scrierea: zeul t\u0103bli\u021bei \u0219i al stiloului<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3dd17cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3dd17cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp36a4fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp36a4fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu era considerat \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> babilonian \u0219i asirian drept zeul scrierii, al erudi\u021biei \u0219i al \u00een\u021belepciunii. Cel mai important atribut al s\u0103u este stiloul scriitoricesc, cu care se scria pe t\u0103bli\u021bele de lut.<\/p><p>\u00cen texte \u0219i reprezent\u0103ri el apare ca cel care m\u00e2nuie\u0219te stiloul, iar lui i se atribuia supravegherea t\u0103bli\u021belor destinului, pe care era \u00eenscris\u0103 soarta omului \u0219i a lumii.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 atribu\u021bie \u00eei conferea lui Nabu o pozi\u021bie aparte fa\u021b\u0103 de scriberi \u0219i savan\u021bi, care \u00een Mesopotamia formau o categorie proprie, cu un \u00eenalt prestigiu social. Scribirii se defineau uneori explicit ca slujitori ai lui Nabu, iar bibliotecile \u0219i arhivele se aflau sub protec\u021bia sa.<\/p><p>Celebra bibliotec\u0103 a regelui asirian Assurbanipal din Ninive, din care provine o mare parte a literaturii mesopotamiene p\u0103strate, era legat\u0103 de Nabu, iar colofoanele t\u0103bli\u021belor de lut \u00eel men\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe zeu \u00een formule de binecuv\u00e2ntare.<\/p><p>Leg\u0103tura dintre scriptur\u0103, cunoa\u0219tere \u0219i destin nu este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103toare. \u00cen concep\u021bia mesopotamian\u0103, scrierea era o activitate de rang \u00eenalt, deoarece cuv\u00e2ntul scris fixa \u0219i determina \u00een mod durabil.<\/p><p>Un zeu care st\u0103p\u00e2nea scriptura st\u0103p\u00e2nea astfel \u0219i ceea ce era fixat \u00een scris \u0219i devenea astfel obligatoriu. Nabu nu era, prin urmare, doar ocrotitorul unui me\u0219te\u0219ug, ci o putere legat\u0103 de ordine, determinare \u0219i durabilitatea a ceea ce fusese odat\u0103 consemnat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd3da6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbd3da6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7fa5a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7fa5a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Borsippa \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Anului Nou: procesiunea lui Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp312f496 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp312f496\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8278646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8278646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalul centru de cult al lui Nabu era ora\u0219ul Borsippa, \u00een apropierea Babilonului. Acolo se afla <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> s\u0103u cu numele <em>E-zida<\/em>, \u201ecasa dreapt\u0103 sau durabil\u0103&#8221;, care cuprindea \u0219i un turn-templu.<\/p><p>Borsippa \u0219i Babilonul erau str\u00e2ns legate, iar aceast\u0103 apropiere se reflecta \u0219i \u00een rela\u021bia dintre cei doi zei principali, deoarece Nabu era considerat fiul lui Marduk, zeul Babilonului.<\/p><p>La marea s\u0103rb\u0103toare babilonian\u0103 a Anului Nou, festivitatea Akitu de la \u00eenceputul anului, Nabu juca un rol vizibil. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea iconic\u0103 a unei divinit\u0103\u021bi venerat\u0103 \u00een templu sau sanctuar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Imaginea de cult<\/span> a lui Nabu era adus\u0103 de la Borsippa la Babilon pentru a participa la festivit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiune<\/span> a fiului la tat\u0103l era o component\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 a s\u0103rb\u0103torii. Textele care descriu desf\u0103\u0219urarea festivit\u0103\u021bii Akitu men\u021bioneaz\u0103 sosirea \u0219i participarea lui Nabu, iar leg\u0103tura dintre cele dou\u0103 ora\u0219e era astfel \u00eennoit\u0103 \u00een fiecare an pe cale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui ritual religios fixat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual\u0103<\/span>.<\/p><p>S\u0103rb\u0103toarea Anului Nou avea \u00een sine o dimensiune cosmologic\u0103. Era vorba de re\u00eennoirea ordinii lumii, de confirmarea regalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i de stabilirea destinelor pentru anul care urma.<\/p><p>Tocmai la acest din urm\u0103 aspect s\u0103rb\u0103toarea atingea propria sfer\u0103 de competen\u021b\u0103 a lui Nabu, deoarece fixarea destinelor era str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de scriere \u0219i de t\u0103bli\u021bele destinului. Participarea lui Nabu la festivitatea Akitu nu era, prin urmare, doar un gest de apropiere familial\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de Marduk, ci se integra organic \u00een ceea ce reprezenta acest zeu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp73f9482 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp73f9482\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfea1510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfea1510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ascensiunea lui Nabu \u00een primul mileniu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc85c710 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc85c710\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92e095d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92e095d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pozi\u021bia lui Nabu \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> mesopotamian nu a fost dintotdeauna at\u00e2t de proeminent\u0103 pe c\u00e2t a devenit ulterior. Cercetarea constat\u0103 c\u0103 Nabu a c\u00e2\u0219tigat importan\u021b\u0103 \u00een cursul mileniului al doilea \u0219i a ajuns \u00een primul mileniu \u00ee.Hr., \u00een epoca asirian\u0103 \u0219i neobabilonian\u0103, la rangul uneia dintre cele mai importante divinit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p><p>Ascensiunea sa s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een paralel cu cea a tat\u0103lui s\u0103u Marduk, a c\u0103rui ridicare la rangul de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> suprem\u0103 a Babilonului reprezint\u0103 un proces central al istoriei religioase babiloniene.<\/p><p>Cre\u0219terea importan\u021bei lui Nabu devine vizibil\u0103 prin mai multe indicii. Numele regale care con\u021bin numele zeului Nabu devin frecvente \u00een primul mileniu; cel mai cunoscut este Nebucadne\u021bar, al c\u0103rui nume \u00eel include pe zeul Nabu.<\/p><p>Regii asirieni au promovat cultul lui Nabu, i-au ridicat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> \u0219i l-au men\u021bionat \u00een inscrip\u021bii. Leg\u0103tura str\u00e2ns\u0103 a lui Nabu cu breasla scriberilor \u0219i cu bibliotecile a contribuit la faptul c\u0103 zeul era profund \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat \u00een p\u0103turile cultivate.<\/p><p>\u00cen perioada t\u00e2rzie, c\u00e2nd cultura babilonian\u0103 a continuat sub domina\u021bie persan\u0103 \u0219i ulterior elenistic\u0103, Nabu a r\u0103mas o figur\u0103 important\u0103. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templul<\/span> din Borsippa a fost \u00eengrijit vreme \u00eendelungat\u0103.<\/p><p>Odat\u0103 cu stingerea treptat\u0103 a culturii cuneiforme \u00een primele secole ale erei noastre, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> s-a pierdut \u0219i el. Pentru cercetarea modern\u0103, Nabu este accesibil mai ales prin textele scrise sub protec\u021bia sa, o \u00eemprejurare care se potrive\u0219te bine unui zeu al scrierii.<\/p><p>Tat\u0103l s\u0103u <a href=\"\/ro\/marduk\/\">Marduk<\/a> constituie urm\u0103torul punct de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/marduk\/\">Marduk, tat\u0103l<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/thoth\/\">Thoth, corespondentul egiptean<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/hermes\/\">Hermes, paralela greac\u0103 (dac\u0103 exist\u0103 pagina)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-mesopotamiene\/\">Mesopotamia, prezentare general\u0103 a panteonului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-supreme\/\">Divinit\u0103\u021bi supreme, subcategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati\/\">Zei, prezentare general\u0103 a categoriei<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 de specialitate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Pomponio, Francesco: <em>Nab\u00fb. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>. Rom 1978.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Oxford 1960.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma \u201eNabu&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatura\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nabu, zeu al tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene Nabu este zeu al tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene. Zeul scrierii, scribul zeilor, fiul lui Marduk. Nabu (cunoscut \u0219i ca Nebo) nu este cel mai puternic, dar este unul dintre cei mai \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi zei ai Mesopotamiei. St\u0103 cu stiloul \u0219i t\u0103bli\u021ba de scris la Borsippa, not\u00e2nd destinul fiec\u0103rui om pe t\u0103bli\u021bele de piatr\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1636,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nabu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nabu - Zeul scrierii \u0219i scribul zeilor","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Zeul scrierii, scribul destinului, templul s\u0103u din Borsippa \u0219i cunoa\u0219terea tainic\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului \u00een Mesopotamia.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-106049","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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