{"id":106031,"date":"2026-08-04T16:55:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/melqart-zeul-cetatii-tir\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:55:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:55:52","slug":"melqart","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/melqart\/","title":{"rendered":"Melqart &#8211; Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii Tir"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"106031\" class=\"elementor elementor-106031 elementor-2626\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Melqart, zeul fenician al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir \u0219i \u201eHeracles\" al fenicienilor<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart (fenician <em>mlqrt<\/em>, literal \u201eRegele cet\u0103\u021bii&#8221;) este zeul suprem al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir \u0219i unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi zei fenicieni \u00een general. A fost identificat de greci cu Heracles (\u201eHeracles-Melqart&#8221;) \u0219i venerat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een lumea elenistic\u0103 \u0219i roman\u0103. Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii Tir este privit prin mit, prin cult \u0219i prin apropierea de Heracles, a\u0219a cum o transmit izvoarele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu al tradi\u021biei feniciene.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei feniciene.\">Fenician<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii.\">Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-melqart-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-melqart-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-melqart-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123651\" alt=\"Melqart - zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u0219i profil succint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart este zeul principal al ora\u0219ului-mam\u0103 fenician Tir \u0219i ocup\u0103 astfel o pozi\u021bie-cheie \u00een istoria religiilor mediteraneene.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet a prezentat \u00een monografia sa <em>Melqart<\/em> (1988) cel mai cuprinz\u0103tor studiu dedicat acestui zeu; ea arat\u0103 c\u0103 Melqart a fost \u00een acela\u0219i timp zeu al cet\u0103\u021bii, zeu protector al regalit\u0103\u021bii, erou \u0219i zeu htonic-\u00eenviitor. \u00cen cadrul <a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\">tradi\u021biei feniciene<\/a>, el este principalul zeu masculin al tradi\u021biei tiriene.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cultul<\/span> s\u0103u s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit odat\u0103 cu coloniile tiriene pe \u00eentreaga Mediteran\u0103. La Gades (ast\u0103zi C\u00e1diz, Spania) se afla cel mai important <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> al lui Melqart din afara Tirului \u00eensu\u0219i; la Cartagina el era de asemenea prezent. Maria Eugenia Aubet a documentat \u00een detaliu r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea mediteranean\u0103 \u00een <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001).<\/p><p>Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, Melqart reprezint\u0103 tipul zeului cet\u0103\u021bii \u0219i al regalit\u0103\u021bii, actualizat sezonier printr-o \u201etrezire&#8221; anual\u0103 (<em>egersis<\/em>) prim\u0103vara. Aceast\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare a trezirii este una dintre caracteristicile distinctive ale lui Melqart \u00een istoria religiilor \u0219i \u00eel deosebe\u0219te de alte zeit\u0103\u021bi ale cet\u0103\u021bilor. Leg\u0103tura cu Heracles grec a ap\u0103rut datorit\u0103 similitudinilor func\u021bionale \u0219i contactelor intense greco-feniciene \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al VIII-lea \u00ee.Hr.<\/p><p>O tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 remarcabil\u0103 a lui Melqart este leg\u0103tura sa str\u00e2ns\u0103 cu dinastia regal\u0103 a Tirului: regele Tirului era totodat\u0103 marele preot al lui Melqart; s\u0103rb\u0103toarea anual\u0103 a trezirii era celebrat\u0103 personal de rege. Aceast\u0103 identitate \u00eentre v\u00e2rful politic \u0219i cel ritual este comparabil\u0103, din punct de vedere al istoriei religiilor, cu faraonul egiptean sau cu <em>pontifex maximus<\/em> roman.<\/p><p>\u0218i <a href=\"\/ro\/zei-hititi\/\">tradi\u021bia hitit\u0103<\/a> cuno\u0219tea zei comparabili ai cet\u0103\u021bii \u0219i protectori ai regalit\u0103\u021bii; compara\u021bia str\u00e2ns\u0103 cu <a href=\"\/ro\/sarruma\/\">Sarruma<\/a> ofer\u0103 perspective importante pentru analiza structural\u0103 a teologiei regale a lumii est-mediteraneene din Epoca Bronzului t\u00e2rziu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i etimologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numele Melqart este o compozi\u021bie din <em>mlk<\/em> \u201erege&#8221; \u0219i <em>qrt<\/em> \u201eora\u0219&#8221;, deci literal \u201eregele ora\u0219ului&#8221;. Ora\u0219ul este Tyrul, iar Melqart este \u201eregele Tyrului&#8221; \u00een sens divin.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 etimologie este necontestat\u0103 \u0219i clar documentat\u0103 \u00een inscrip\u021bii. \u00cen textele cuneiforme apare ca <em>Milqartu<\/em>, \u00een sursele grece\u0219ti ca Melqart sau Melkart, \u00een sincretismele elenistice ca Heracles-Melqart.<\/p><p>O interpretare alternativ\u0103 vede \u00een <em>mlk<\/em> nu doar \u201erege&#8221; \u00een sens laic, ci \u0219i \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar oferit unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima recuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">jertf\u0103<\/span>&#8221; (jertf\u0103 de tip <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar oferit unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima recuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Molk<\/span>), o dubl\u0103 semnifica\u021bie a aceleia\u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cini \u00een fenician\u0103. Aceast\u0103 interpretare este \u00eens\u0103 mai pu\u021bin sus\u021binut\u0103 \u00een cercetare.<\/p><p>\u00cen sursele grece\u0219ti, numele s\u0103u apare ca \u201eHeracles-Tyrios&#8221;, \u201eHeracles&#8221; sau sub componenta onomastic\u0103 teoforic\u0103 \u201eMelikartos&#8221;. Identificarea cu Heracles este atestat\u0103 literar \u00eencep\u00e2nd din secolul al V-lea \u00ee.Hr. (Herodot 2.44). Figura mitologic\u0103 greceasc\u0103 a lui Heracles poart\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale lui Melqart fenician, mai ales \u00een miturile despre c\u0103l\u0103toria spre \u201eOccident&#8221; \u0219i uciderea lui Geryon.<\/p><p>Numele personal teofor Hamilcar era larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een Cartagina; mai mul\u021bi generali cartaginezi importan\u021bi \u00eel purtau, printre care Hamilcar Barca, tat\u0103l lui Hanibal. Aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie onomastic\u0103 atest\u0103 importan\u021ba durabil\u0103 a lui Melqart \u00een via\u021ba politic\u0103 a statului punic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart apare \u00een iconografia fenician\u0103 de obicei ca un b\u0103rbat b\u0103rbos \u00een \u0219or\u021b scurt, cu secure de lupt\u0103 ridicat\u0103 sau buzdugan, uneori cu arc, adesea \u00eembr\u0103cat cu o piele de leu. Aceast\u0103 iconografie cu piele de leu este semnificativ\u0103 din punct de vedere istoric, deoarece a trecut direct \u00een tradi\u021bia greac\u0103 a lui Heracles cu piele de leu \u0219i buzdugan.<\/p><p>Pe monedele de la Tir din epoca elenistic\u0103 apare frecvent Melqart-Heracles cu buzdugan \u0219i piele de leu; pe stelele cartagineze din Tofet el st\u0103 uneori al\u0103turi de <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>. O tradi\u021bie iconografic\u0103 important\u0103 este \u201eMelqart pe hipocampus&#8221;, care documenteaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura sa cu naviga\u021bia \u0219i marea.<\/p><p>Animalul s\u0103u sacru este leul; \u00een unele reliefuri este reprezentat p\u0103\u0219ind pe un leu sau strangul\u00e2nd un leu. Vulturul apare \u0219i el ca animal \u00eenso\u021bitor \u00een unele reprezent\u0103ri mai t\u00e2rzii. Bonnet a documentat \u00een detaliu diversitatea iconografic\u0103; ea arat\u0103 c\u0103 Melqart a dezvoltat tradi\u021bii imagistice u\u0219or diferite \u00een fiecare context mediteranean.<\/p><p>Pe faimoasa \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O plac\u0103 de piatr\u0103 sau lemn ridicat\u0103 \u00een pozi\u021bie vertical\u0103, inscrip\u021bionat\u0103 sau ilustrat\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">stel\u0103<\/span> a lui Yehawmilk&#8221;, rege al Biblului (secolul al V-lea \u00ee.Hr.), nu apare Melqart \u00eensu\u0219i, dar formula imagistic\u0103 a \u00eent\u00e2lnirii regal-divine, caracteristic\u0103 pentru tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103 a zeului-rege, este prezent\u0103. Aceast\u0103 conven\u021bie iconografic\u0103 se \u00eentinde de la Tir prin Biblos p\u00e2n\u0103 la Cartagina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biuni mitologice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Miturile feniciene despre Melqart sunt transmise doar fragmentar. Eusebiu din Cezareea citeaz\u0103 o nara\u021biune din Filon din Biblos (Praeparatio Evangelica 1.10), \u00een care Melqart este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at ca erou \u0219i revivificator. Conform \u0219i altor relat\u0103ri antice, Melqart se treze\u0219te anual \u00een cadrul unei s\u0103rb\u0103tori a trezirii (<em>egersis<\/em>) \u0219i se \u00eenscrie astfel \u00een tradi\u021bia zeit\u0103\u021bilor de vegeta\u021bie \u0219i ale cet\u0103\u021bilor care mor \u0219i \u00eenviaz\u0103 anual.<\/p><p>O nara\u021biune important\u0103 \u00eel leag\u0103 pe Melqart de \u00eentemeierea Tirului \u00eensu\u0219i: el ar fi fixat st\u00e2ncile plutitoare pe care a fost construit Tirul printr-o jertf\u0103 de pas\u0103re. O alt\u0103 nara\u021biune \u00eel leag\u0103 de inventarea vopsirii \u00een purpur, o activitate economic\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 a fenicienilor: un c\u00e2ine al lui Melqart ar fi muscat din gre\u0219eal\u0103 o scoic\u0103 de murex, descoperind astfel colorantul purpuriu.<\/p><p>\u00cen preluarea greac\u0103 drept Heracles-Melqart, el mo\u0219tene\u0219te nara\u021biunile <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> lui Heracles, mai ales episodul cu Geryon, \u00een care Heracles fur\u0103 vite de la uria\u0219ul cu trei capete Geryon \u00een vestul Mediteranei (la locul viitorului Gades). Aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 este revelatoare din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, deoarece Gades era \u00een fapt o funda\u021bie fenician\u0103 \u0219i cel mai important <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> occidental al lui Melqart.<\/p><p>Un pseudepigraf important este \u201eSanchuniaton&#8221; (Sankuniathon), un presupus preot fenician al c\u0103rui text ar fi fost transmis prin Filon din Biblos. Edi\u021bia critic\u0103 a lui Albert Baumgarten arat\u0103 c\u0103 materialul este \u00een mare parte o inven\u021bie elenistic\u0103 t\u00e2rzie, dar con\u021bine totu\u0219i r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021be autentice ale tradi\u021biei mitice feniciene, mai ales \u00een privin\u021ba lui Melqart \u0219i a genealogiei divine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cultul principal al lui Melqart se afla la Tir, \u00een cel mai vechi \u0219i mai str\u0103lucit <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> al ora\u0219ului. Herodot descrie acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> \u00een detaliu (2.44) \u0219i men\u021bioneaz\u0103 dou\u0103 coloane, una din aur \u0219i una din smarald, care str\u0103luceau noaptea, probabil faimosul fenomen \u201es\u00eew\u00e2n&#8221; al mineralelor fosforescente.<\/p><p>Hiram I al Tirului (secolul al X-lea \u00ee.Hr.) este str\u00e2ns legat de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> lui Melqart; conform lui Iosif Flaviu, l-a construit din aur \u0219i bronz.<\/p><p>S\u0103rb\u0103toarea anual\u0103 a trezirii era punctul culminant al cultului; un \u201etrezitor&#8221; (<em>mqm-\u02belm<\/em>, \u201ecel care ridic\u0103 zeul&#8221;) executa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span>. Regele Tirului era figura ritual\u0103 central\u0103. S\u0103rb\u0103tori similare ale trezirii sunt atestate la Cartagina \u0219i la Gades; ele \u00eel leag\u0103 pe Melqart istoric de Tammuz\/Dumuzi \u0219i de Adonis.<\/p><p>La Cartagina, Melqart era de asemenea prezent; tributul anual adresat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templului<\/span> lui Melqart din Tir a fost men\u021binut de Cartagina p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een perioada t\u00e2rzie a Republicii, un indiciu al str\u00e2nsei leg\u0103turi cu ora\u0219ul-mam\u0103.<\/p><p>La Gades, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> lui Melqart se afla pe o insul\u0103 mic\u0103; Polibiu, Strabon \u0219i Silius Italicus l-au descris. Chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 cucerirea roman\u0103, Gades-Melqart a r\u0103mas activ ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> al lui Hercule \u0219i a fost vizitat de Hannibal, Cezar \u0219i Hadrian.<\/p><p>Cercetarea arheologic\u0103 a templului lui Melqart din Tir este \u00eengreunat\u0103 de construc\u021biile moderne; la Gades, \u00een schimb, resturile sanctuarului de pe actuala insul\u0103 Sancti Petri sunt mai accesibile. S\u0103p\u0103turile subacvatice \u00een curs conduse de Antonio S\u00e1ez Romero au furnizat \u00een ultimii ani date noi importante.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie \u0219i apotropaice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart era zeul protector al casei regale, al cet\u0103\u021bii \u0219i al naviga\u021biei. Pe sigiliile regale din Tir apare ca ocrotitor suprem; \u00een numele personale feniciene, teonimul s\u0103u este frecvent (Hamilcar = \u201eslujitorul lui Melqart&#8221;, Bomilcar = \u201eprin m\u00e2na lui Melqart&#8221;). Frecven\u021ba numelor teoforice cu component\u0103 Melqart este un indiciu al unei intense evlavii private.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cu efect de respingere a r\u0103ului: despre semne \u0219i obiecte menite s\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rteze influen\u021bele d\u0103un\u0103toare.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaic<\/span>, scarabeii cu Melqart \u0219i micile figurine de bronz erau purtate sau a\u0219ezate \u00een locuin\u021b\u0103. Faimoasa \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O plac\u0103 de piatr\u0103 sau lemn ridicat\u0103 \u00een pozi\u021bie vertical\u0103, inscrip\u021bionat\u0103 sau ilustrat\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">stel\u0103<\/span> a lui Melqart&#8221; de la Bre\u0219 (Bredja) \u00een nordul Siriei, o dedica\u021bie inscrip\u021bionat\u0103 a regelui aramaic Bar-Hadad adresat\u0103 lui Melqart, este unul dintre cele mai importante documente epigrafice ale cultului lui Melqart \u00een afara Tirului.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">\u00cen evlavia navigatorilor, Melqart era instan\u021ba suprem\u0103 de protec\u021bie; c\u0103pitanii fenicieni \u0219i coloni\u0219tii depuneau ofrande la plecare \u0219i la sosire. Aceast\u0103 evlavie de c\u0103l\u0103torie este o caracteristic\u0103 important\u0103 a mobilit\u0103\u021bii feniciene din perspectiva istoriei religiilor. iWell Guard \u00eel consemneaz\u0103 pe Melqart ca figur\u0103 istoric\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 referin\u021be la promisiuni terapeutice actuale.<\/p><p>\u00cen templele cartagineze din secolele al V-lea \u0219i al IV-lea \u00ee.Hr., Melqart apare ca al doilea sau al treilea zeu dup\u0103 <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"\/ro\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>. Triada zeilor ora\u0219ului-mam\u0103 fenician (Baal-Shamem, Astarte, Melqart) a fost reconfigurat\u0103 la Cartagina f\u0103r\u0103 a-l marginaliza complet pe Melqart.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cea mai important\u0103 paralel\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor este identificarea cu Heracles grec. Walter Burkert a ar\u0103tat \u00een <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> (1984) \u0219i \u00een mai multe studii ulterioare c\u0103 figura greac\u0103 a lui Heracles a fost puternic influen\u021bat\u0103 de Melqart fenician, mai ales \u00een episodul cu Geryon \u0219i \u00een \u201eColoanele lui Heracles&#8221; (Str\u00e2mtoarea Gibraltar), care erau ini\u021bial \u201eColoanele lui Melqart&#8221;.<\/p><p>Cu Ghilgame\u0219 mesopotamian, Melqart \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivul<\/span> eroului muritor-nemuritor cu func\u021bie regal\u0103. La Cartagina, din tradi\u021bia sa nu se dezvolt\u0103 o zeitate principal\u0103 independent\u0103, deoarece religia cartaginiez\u0103 \u0219i-a elaborat propria divinitate suprem\u0103 cu <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"\/ro\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>; Melqart a r\u0103mas totu\u0219i mereu prezent.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere istoric, Melqart este prototipul zeului fenician al cet\u0103\u021bii \u0219i al regalit\u0103\u021bii. Cu <a href=\"\/ro\/sarruma\/\">Sarruma<\/a> din <a href=\"\/ro\/zei-hititi\/\">tradi\u021bia hitit\u0103<\/a> \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te func\u021bia de zeu personal protector al regalit\u0103\u021bii; cu Marduk mesopotamian, func\u021bia de zeu al cet\u0103\u021bii trezit dup\u0103 o \u00eenfr\u00e2ngere sezonier\u0103. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fuziunea reprezent\u0103rilor sau divinit\u0103\u021bilor provenite din tradi\u021bii religioase diferite.\" tabindex=\"0\">sincretismul<\/span> elenistic devine prototipica <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> de \u201etraducere&#8221; \u00eentre religia fenician\u0103 \u0219i cea greac\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen Mediterana occidental\u0103, Melqart este prezent sub numele grec Heracles \u00een nenum\u0103rate inscrip\u021bii \u0219i monede; grani\u021bele dintre \u201eMelqart&#8221; \u0219i \u201eHeracles&#8221; sunt adesea fluide \u00een uzul lingvistic elenistic. La Cartagina, aceast\u0103 dubl\u0103 denumire a fost folosit\u0103 politic pentru a deschide alia\u021bii greci fa\u021b\u0103 de religia fenician\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare actual\u0103 \u0219i cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cercetarea despre Melqart se afl\u0103 ast\u0103zi la un nivel ridicat. Monografia Corinnei Bonnet <em>Melqart<\/em> (1988) \u0219i studiile sale ulterioare sunt referin\u021ba standard; Maria Eugenia Aubet, Sabatino Moscati \u0219i H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader au adus contribu\u021bii importante pe latura arheologic\u0103. Inscrip\u021biile sunt accesibile \u00een edi\u021biile lui Charles Krahmalkov \u0219i Wolfgang R\u00f6llig.<\/p><p>\u00cen receptarea popular\u0103, Melqart este cunoscut mai ales prin identificarea sa cu Heracles \u0219i prin legendele despre Tartessos (legate de Tezaurul de la Carambolo, \u201eMerele de Aur ale Hesperidelor&#8221;). \u00cen Libanul modern, Tirul a reabilitat din anii 1990 Melqart ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> cultural odat\u0103 cu reconstruc\u021bia siturilor sale arheologice.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, Melqart este ast\u0103zi considerat un obiect de studiu central pentru religia fenician\u0103, pentru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> zeului-cetate \u0219i pentru dinamica religioas\u0103 mediteranean\u0103. Direc\u021biile actuale de cercetare se concentreaz\u0103 pe diferen\u021bierea ipostazelor locale ale lui Melqart, pe transferul iconografic \u00een tradi\u021bia greac\u0103 a lui Heracles \u0219i pe cercetarea arheologic\u0103 a sanctuarului din Gades. iWell Guard \u00eel consemneaz\u0103 pe Melqart ca membru al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonului<\/span> istoric.<\/p><p>\u0218i monedele elenistice de la Tir \u0219i Cartagina prezint\u0103 imagini ale lui Melqart, adesea cu buzdugan, arc sau pror\u0103 de corabie. Aceast\u0103 art\u0103 numismatic\u0103 este o surs\u0103 important\u0103 pentru istoria iconografic\u0103 a lui Melqart.<\/p><p>Studii recente ale lui Josephine Quinn \u0219i Brian Doak au reexaminat rolul lui Melqart \u00een construc\u021bia identitar\u0103 punic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een zona de contact romano-fenician\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Selec\u021bia de mai jos cuprinde cele mai importante lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 ale cercet\u0103rii despre Melqart. Ea reune\u0219te monografii, edi\u021bii de inscrip\u021bii \u0219i sinteze de istorie a religiilor. <em>Melqart<\/em> al Corinnei Bonnet este primul punct de intrare; Burkert trateaz\u0103 linia greac\u0103; Aubet, r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea mediteranean\u0103; Krahmalkov, materialul de istorie lingvistic\u0103. Cea mai recent\u0103 monografie a lui H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader ofer\u0103 sinteza arheologic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ff50c6c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2ff50c6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp202ddb76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp202ddb76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Egersis, s\u0103rb\u0103toarea trezirii lui Melqart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2683cd7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2683cd7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27bc6d8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp27bc6d8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O particularitate a cultului lui Melqart de la Tir era o s\u0103rb\u0103toare anual\u0103 pe care sursele grece\u0219ti o numesc <em>egersis<\/em>, trezirea sau \u00eenvierea zeului. Termenul sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 la baza s\u0103rb\u0103torii st\u0103tea reprezentarea c\u0103 Melqart moare \u0219i revine la via\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>Astfel, Melqart se \u00eenscrie \u00een r\u00e2ndul divinit\u0103\u021bilor Orientului Antic al c\u0103ror <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> era legat de un ciclu de moarte \u0219i revenire, comparabil cu Adonis sau cu Dumuzi mesopotamian.<\/p><p>Riturile exacte ale egersis sunt cunoscute doar fragmentar. Autorii <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antici<\/span> men\u021bioneaz\u0103 arderea unei imagini sau a unei figurine a zeului \u0219i vorbesc despre o persoan\u0103 care purta titlul de trezitor al zeului.<\/p><p>Probabil s\u0103rb\u0103toarea era legat\u0103 de o dat\u0103 de prim\u0103var\u0103 \u0219i astfel de rena\u0219terea naturii, dar sursele nu permit o reconstruc\u021bie sigur\u0103. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text incizat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport solid.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscrip\u021bie<\/span> important\u0103 din Kition ciprian men\u021bioneaz\u0103 un <em>mqm \u02belm<\/em>, un trezitor al zeului, ca func\u021bie ritual\u0103, confirm\u00e2nd astfel indirect existen\u021ba unei astfel de s\u0103rb\u0103tori.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere istoric, egersis este semnificativ\u0103 deoarece \u00eel distinge pe Melqart de un simplu zeu al cet\u0103\u021bii \u0219i al regalit\u0103\u021bii, conferindu-i un caracter soteriologic \u0219i ciclic. Corinne Bonnet a examinat critic \u00een monografia sa despre Melqart materialul disponibil referitor la egersis \u0219i a avertizat \u00eempotriva unei \u00eencadr\u0103ri pripite \u00een schema mai veche a zeilor care mor \u0219i \u00eenviaz\u0103.<\/p><p>Cercetarea este de acord c\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toarea a existat, dar nu ajunge la un consens privind forma sa exact\u0103. Ea r\u0103m\u00e2ne unul dintre elementele cel mai intens discutate ale calendarului de s\u0103rb\u0103tori feniciene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25186adb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp25186adb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e3a4f25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2e3a4f25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Melqart \u0219i Heracles, o identitate dubl\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp226fa5a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp226fa5a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp243726bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp243726bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Grecii l-au identificat \u00een mod constant pe Melqart cu eroul lor Heracles. Aceast\u0103 identificare era at\u00e2t de ferm\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t faimosul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> al lui Melqart din Gadir, actualul C\u00e1diz de pe coasta atlantic\u0103 spaniol\u0103, apare \u00een sursele antice sub numele de templul lui Heracles.<\/p><p>Coloanele lui Heracles, Str\u00e2mtoarea Gibraltar, sunt denumite dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103; ini\u021bial au fost probabil Coloanele lui Melqart.<\/p><p>Motivele identific\u0103rii rezid\u0103 \u00een tr\u0103s\u0103turile comune ale celor dou\u0103 figuri. Am\u00e2ndoi sunt considera\u021bi eroi care \u00eentreprind c\u0103l\u0103torii lungi, avanseaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la marginea lumii cunoscute \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc cultur\u0103 \u0219i ordine.<\/p><p>Melqart era considerat ocrotitorul coloniz\u0103rii tiriene; oriunde Tirul \u00eentemeia o cetate fiic\u0103, de la Cartagina la Gadir, i se ridica un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span>. Heracles, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, parcurge \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie cu un miez adesea istoric \u0219i cu tr\u0103s\u0103turi minunate.\" tabindex=\"0\">legenda<\/span> greac\u0103 \u00eentregul spa\u021biu mediteranean. Ambii unesc moartea \u0219i dep\u0103\u0219irea mor\u021bii, Melqart prin egersis, Heracles prin primirea \u00een r\u00e2ndul zeilor dup\u0103 rugul funerar.<\/p><p>Cercetarea vorbe\u0219te despre o identificare care a ac\u021bionat \u00een ambele direc\u021bii. Unele tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale lui Heracles grec, mai ales episodul rugului, ar putea fi modelate de Melqart fenician. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, Melqart apare \u00een inscrip\u021bii bilingve, de pild\u0103 pe o faimoas\u0103 bilingu\u0103 fenician\u0103-greac\u0103 din Malta, direct identificat cu Heracles.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text incizat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport solid.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscrip\u021bie<\/span> maltez\u0103 a fost de altfel, \u00een secolul al XVIII-lea, una dintre cheile pentru descifrarea scrierii feniciene. Dubla identitate Melqart-Heracles este astfel un exemplu emblematic al modului \u00een care dou\u0103 culturi au recunoscut o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> ca fiind aceea\u0219i \u0219i \u0219i-au \u00eempletit tradi\u021biile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22fd1a8d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22fd1a8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fd95ae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2fd95ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Melqart \u00een istorie, de la Cartagina la Tir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274edf27 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp274edf27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27b9f300 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp27b9f300\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melqart a fost zeul cet\u0103\u021bii Tirului, iar importan\u021ba sa dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cu mult sfera religioas\u0103, p\u0103trunz\u00e2nd \u00een istoria politic\u0103 a Occidentului fenician. C\u00e2nd Tirul a fondat Cartagina \u00een secolul al nou\u0103lea \u00eenainte de era noastr\u0103, noua cetate a r\u0103mas tributar\u0103 zeului cet\u0103\u021bii-mam\u0103.<\/p><p>Sursele cartagineze \u0219i relat\u0103rile <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> transmit c\u0103 Cartagina trimitea anual o zecime din veniturile sale c\u0103tre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuarul<\/span> lui Melqart din Tir, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obicei<\/span> care a f\u0103cut vizibil\u0103, de-a lungul secolelor, leg\u0103tura religioas\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103 dintre colonie \u0219i cetatea-mam\u0103.<\/p><p>Asediul Tirului de c\u0103tre Alexandru cel Mare \u00een anul 332 \u00eenainte de era noastr\u0103 este str\u00e2ns legat de Melqart. Alexandru dorea s\u0103 aduc\u0103 jertfe \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuarul<\/span> zeului, pe care \u00eel \u00een\u021belegea drept Heracle, de la care \u00ee\u0219i tr\u0103gea descenden\u021ba.<\/p><p>Tirenii i-au refuzat accesul, ceea ce a declan\u0219at asediul de mai multe luni, \u00eencheiat \u00een cele din urm\u0103 cu succes. Episodul relev\u0103 ce for\u021b\u0103 politic\u0103 exploziv\u0103 putea de\u021bine accesul la un sanctuar al cet\u0103\u021bii.<\/p><p>Chiar \u0219i \u00een epoca roman\u0103, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> lui Melqart a r\u0103mas viu. Septimius Severus era originar din Lepcis Magna, \u00een Africa de Nord, o funda\u021bie ini\u021bial fenician\u0103 cu propriul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> al lui Melqart, iar dinastia sa a promovat tradi\u021biile feniciene.<\/p><p>Corinne Bonnet a trasat aceast\u0103 lung\u0103 istorie de la prima <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 preistoric\u0103 de dup\u0103 epoca bronzului, caracterizat\u0103 prin prelucrarea fierului.\" tabindex=\"0\">Epoc\u0103 a Fierului<\/span> p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een epoca imperial\u0103, ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 Melqart a r\u0103mas \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103 un zeu al cet\u0103\u021bii, al puterii \u0219i al coloniz\u0103rii. Istoria sa este astfel totodat\u0103 o parte a istoriei expansiunii feniciene \u00een \u00eentreaga Mediteran\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Corinne Bonnet: <em>Melqart<\/em> (Leuven\/Namur 1988)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Die Ph\u00f6niker<\/em> (Stuttgart 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>Walter Burkert: <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> (Heidelberg 1984)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Sader: <em>The History and Archaeology of Phoenicia<\/em> (Atlanta 2019)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-melqart e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-melqart\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-melqart-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-melqart-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span><\/em> lui Melqart \u00eembin\u0103 moartea sa anual\u0103 \u00een foc \u0219i trezirea sa cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> Tirului \u0219i a modelat sanctuarele feniciene de la Gades la Cartagina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Melqart Tir fenicieni Heracles Gades zeul cet\u0103\u021bii egersis trezire.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\">fenician\u0103<\/a> \u0219i a multor alte culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-melqart-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-melqart-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te tratamentul medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Melqart, zeul fenician al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir \u0219i \u201eHeracles&#8221; al fenicienilor Melqart (fenician mlqrt, literal \u201eRegele cet\u0103\u021bii&#8221;) este zeul suprem al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir \u0219i unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi zei fenicieni \u00een general. A fost identificat de greci cu Heracles (\u201eHeracles-Melqart&#8221;) \u0219i venerat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een lumea elenistic\u0103 \u0219i roman\u0103. ZeuFenicianZeul cet\u0103\u021bii Cuprins \u00cencadrare \u0219i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2850,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Melqart Tir fenicieni","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Melqart - Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii Tir, mit, cult, Heracles","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Melqart, \u201eRegele cet\u0103\u021bii\", este zeul fenician al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir, identificat de greci cu Heracles - mit, cult \u0219i \u00eencadrare.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-106031","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Melqart - Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii Tir, mit, cult, Heracles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Melqart, \u201eRegele cet\u0103\u021bii&quot;, este zeul fenician al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir, identificat de greci cu Heracles - mit, cult \u0219i \u00eencadrare.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/melqart\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Melqart - Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii Tir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Melqart, \u201eRegele cet\u0103\u021bii&quot;, este zeul fenician al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir, identificat de greci cu Heracles - mit, cult \u0219i \u00eencadrare.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/melqart\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T16:55:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"16 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/\",\"name\":\"Melqart - Zeul cet\u0103\u021bii Tir, mit, cult, Heracles\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:55:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:55:52+00:00\",\"description\":\"Melqart, \u201eRegele cet\u0103\u021bii\\\", este zeul fenician al cet\u0103\u021bii Tir, identificat de greci cu Heracles - mit, cult \u0219i \u00eencadrare.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/melqart\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Melqart &#8211; 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