{"id":105965,"date":"2026-08-04T16:47:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/surya-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:47:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:47:48","slug":"surya","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/surya\/","title":{"rendered":"Surya"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105965\" class=\"elementor elementor-105965 elementor-3008\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae3a9d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4ae3a9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-329d920 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"329d920\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f98f2b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f98f2b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed96514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed96514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surya, zeul soarelui \u00een hinduism<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e77200b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e77200b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surya este un zeu al soarelui \u00een hinduism, care str\u0103bate zilnic cerul cu carul s\u0103u tras de cai. Surya este zeul soarelui \u00een hinduism. Numele s\u0103u \u00eenseamn\u0103 literal \u201eSoare&#8221;.<\/p><p>El este una dintre pu\u021binele divinit\u0103\u021bi venerate \u00een mod continuu din epoca Rig Vedei p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. Surya traverseaz\u0103 zilnic bolta cereasc\u0103 cu un car tras de \u0219apte cai.<\/p><p>Este considerat d\u0103t\u0103torul vie\u021bii, al s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, al ilumin\u0103rii \u0219i al vizibilit\u0103\u021bii lumii. \u00cen hinduismul clasic, el formeaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Shiva, Vishnu, Devi \u0219i Ganesha Panchayatana-Puja, venerarea celor cinci divinit\u0103\u021bi principale. Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, Surya este considerat cel mai important exemplu al conexiunilor indo-iraniene, deoarece corespondentul s\u0103u iranian, Mithra, \u00eei este \u00eenrudit \u00eendeaproape.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e8d800 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1e8d800\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaa7661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"aaa7661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/hinduism\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lumea zeilor, a asurilor \u0219i a protec\u021biei \u00een hinduism - de la perioada vedic\u0103 la cea tantric\u0103.\">Hinduism<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-947b9c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"947b9c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e84ad04 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"e84ad04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__e84ad04\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__e84ad04\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__e84ad04\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2f9cf5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2f9cf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-138a458 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"138a458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_surya-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3231\" alt=\"Surya - G\u00f6tter aus der Hinduismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_surya-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_surya-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_surya-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_surya-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b782cb7 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b782cb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae024c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ae024c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e488f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e488f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mit \u0219i origine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7039661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7039661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen Rig Veda, Surya este una dintre divinit\u0103\u021bile centrale. Imnurile \u00eenchinate lui, \u00een special Rig Veda 1.50, 1.115 \u0219i 10.37, \u00eel descriu ca \u201eochiul atotveditor al cerului&#8221;, ca \u201ed\u0103t\u0103torul luminii&#8221;, ca \u201etat\u0103l zeilor \u0219i al oamenilor&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u00cen vedismul timpuriu exist\u0103 mai multe forme ale soarelui: Surya (soarele ca disc vizibil), Savitr (for\u021ba solar\u0103 vitalizatoare), Mitra (aspectul protector al contractelor), Pushan (aspectul c\u0103l\u0103uzitor al drumurilor), Vivasvat (aspectul luminiscent primordial). Aceast\u0103 multiplicitate reflect\u0103 complexitatea cultului solar vedic.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen tradi\u021bia clasic\u0103, aceste aspecte sunt reunite sub numele Surya, cu Savitr \u0219i Vivasvat ca nume alternative ale sale. Tat\u0103l s\u0103u este Kashyapa, unul dintre cei \u0219apte mari \u00een\u021belep\u021bi (Saptarishis), iar mama sa este Aditi, mama tuturor Adityelor (zeilor soarelui).<\/p><p>Surya apar\u021bine astfel clasei Adityelor, cei doisprezece zei ai soarelui, care \u00een tradi\u021bia ulterioar\u0103 reprezint\u0103 fiecare c\u00e2te o lun\u0103 a anului.<\/p>\n<p>So\u021biile sale sunt Sanjna (numit\u0103 \u0219i Saranyu, fiica lui Tvashtar) \u0219i slujnica acesteia, Chhaya (\u201eUmbra&#8221;). Cu Sanjna l-a z\u0103mislit pe Yama (zeul mor\u021bilor), pe Yami (Yamuna, zei\u021ba r\u00e2ului Yamuna) \u0219i pe Vaivasvata Manu (str\u0103mo\u0219ul omenirii actuale). Cu Chhaya l-a z\u0103mislit pe Shani (Saturn), pe Tapati \u0219i pe Vishti.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Genealogia are o mare importan\u021b\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, deoarece stabile\u0219te soarele ca tat\u0103 al zeului mor\u021bilor \u0219i al str\u0103mo\u0219ului omenirii. Wendy Doniger a analizat \u00een \u201eHindu Myths&#8221; (1975) aceast\u0103 genealogie ca pe o cheie a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea structurii \u0219i a ordinii lumii \u00een cadrul unei culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologiei<\/span> vedice.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Evolu\u021bia istorico-religioas\u0103 a cultului solar \u00een India este unul dintre cele mai complexe subiecte ale indologiei. \u00cen Rig Veda exist\u0103 \u00een paralel mai multe forme ale soarelui: Surya ca disc solar vizibil, Savitr ca for\u021b\u0103 vitalizatoare, Mitra ca aspect etico-contractual, Pushan ca putere protectoare a drumurilor, Vivasvat ca soare primordial, ancorat cosmologic.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 multiplicitate este interesant\u0103 din perspectiv\u0103 fenomenologic\u0103: soarele ca fenomen empiric central este \u00een\u021beles \u00een mai multe aspecte, fiecare cu func\u021bie proprie \u0219i ancorare cultic\u0103 proprie.<\/p>\n<p>Epoca Kushana (secolele I-III d.Hr.) a adus o cotitur\u0103 decisiv\u0103. Influen\u021bele irano-scitice prin intermediul Imperiului Sasanid \u0219i pozi\u021bia de mediator a Asiei Centrale au marcat forma iconografic\u0103 a lui Surya. Cizmele, mantia \u0219i costumul persan din cele mai vechi reliefuri ale lui Surya (Bhumara, Mathura) trimit direct la acest schimb cultural.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Heinrich von Stietencron a identificat \u00een \u201eIndische Sonnenpriester&#8221; (1966) brahmanii Sakaldwipiya, un subgrup brahminic care \u00ee\u0219i traseaz\u0103 originea la preo\u021bi iranieni-magici ai soarelui, ca m\u0103rturie istoric\u0103 a acestei influen\u021be transculturale.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d57e5a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d57e5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bb6db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6bb6db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simboluri \u0219i atribute<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca4f7fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca4f7fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atributul distinctiv al lui Surya este carul s\u0103u tras de \u0219apte cai. Cei \u0219apte cai \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 cele \u0219apte culori ale luminii solare, cele \u0219apte raze sau cele \u0219apte zile ale s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii. Vizitiul s\u0103u este Aruna, \u201eCel Ro\u0219iatic&#8221;, identificat \u0219i cu zorile. Aruna st\u0103 \u00eentre Surya \u0219i cai.<\/p>\n<p>Surya este reprezentat de obicei cu dou\u0103 sau patru bra\u021be. \u00cen m\u00e2ini \u021bine dou\u0103 flori de lotus \u00een deplin\u0103 \u00eenflorire, care \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 radia\u021bia sa solar\u0103. Ve\u0219m\u00e2ntul s\u0103u este ro\u0219u sau auriu, iar podoabele sunt din aur. Pe piept poart\u0103 un model de raze, iar din el eman\u0103 raze de lumin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Un atribut important este nimbus-ul sau aureola sa, o coroan\u0103 de lumin\u0103 \u00een jurul capului. Aceast\u0103 aureol\u0103 este una dintre cele mai vechi tr\u0103s\u0103turi iconografice ale lui Surya \u0219i apare deja \u00een reliefurile din epoca Kushana (secolele I-III d.Hr.). Ea are paralele \u0219i \u00een iconografia budist\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219tin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>O particularitate iconografic\u0103 neobi\u0219nuit\u0103 este c\u0103 Surya poart\u0103 cizme \u00een multe reprezent\u0103ri indiene. Aceste cizme trimit la influen\u021ba irano-scitic\u0103 din epoca Kushana, c\u00e2nd cultul solar a fost influen\u021bat de tradi\u021biile mithraic-iraniene din Asia Central\u0103.<\/p><p>Acest detaliu iconografic constituie un indiciu important al interconect\u0103rii transculturale a cultului solar. John Marshall, Stella Kramrisch \u0219i Heinrich von Stietencron au documentat bine aceast\u0103 conexiune.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c014d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c014d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6336ce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6336ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8d9391 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8d9391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principala s\u0103rb\u0103toare a lui Surya este Makara Sankranti (mijlocul lunii ianuarie), care marcheaz\u0103 \u00eenceputul ciclului solsti\u021bial, c\u00e2nd soarele intr\u0103 \u00een Capricorn (Makara). \u00cen sudul Indiei, s\u0103rb\u0103toarea este celebrat\u0103 ca Pongal, \u00een vestul Indiei ca Uttarayan, \u00een nordul Indiei ca Sankranti sau Khichdi. \u00cen toate formele sale, aceasta vizeaz\u0103 soarele, recolta \u0219i un nou \u00eenceput.<\/p>\n<p>O a doua s\u0103rb\u0103toare important\u0103 este Chhath Puja (\u00een special \u00een Bihar, Jharkhand, estul Uttar Pradesh, Nepal), celebrat\u0103 \u00een noiembrie. Femeile postesc patru zile, stau \u00een ap\u0103 \u0219i se roag\u0103 lui Surya la r\u0103s\u0103rit \u0219i la apus. Chhath se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai importante s\u0103rb\u0103tori religioase din nordul Indiei \u0219i este una dintre pu\u021binele s\u0103rb\u0103tori dedicate aproape exclusiv cultului solar.<\/p>\n<p>Cele mai importante <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> ale lui Surya din India sunt Templul Solar din Konark (Odisha, secolul al XIII-lea, Patrimoniu UNESCO), Templul Solar din Modhera (Gujarat, secolul al XI-lea) \u0219i Templul Solar din Martand (Kashmir, secolul al VIII-lea). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templul<\/span> din Konark este conceput ca un impozant car de piatr\u0103 cu doisprezece ro\u021bi \u0219i \u0219apte cai \u0219i este considerat una dintre capodoperele arhitecturii sacre indiene.<\/p>\n<p>Practica zilnic\u0103 a lui Surya Namaskar (salutul soarelui), o succesiune de dou\u0103sprezece pozi\u021bii yogice, este una dintre cele mai cunoscute practici hinduiste din \u00eentreaga lume. Ini\u021bial un element liturgic al ritualurilor vedice Sandhya Vandana (rug\u0103ciunea de diminea\u021b\u0103), Surya Namaskar s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een practica modern\u0103 a yoga ca exerci\u021biu corporal. Cele dou\u0103sprezece mantre asociate acestuia (c\u00e2te un nume al lui Surya) sunt recitate \u00een timpul execut\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p>Gayatri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O silab\u0103 sau formul\u0103 sacr\u0103 rostit\u0103 \u00een mod repetat \u00een hinduism \u0219i budism.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mantra<\/span> (Rig Veda 3.62.10) este una dintre cele mai sfinte mantre ale hinduismului \u0219i se adreseaz\u0103 lui Savitr, o form\u0103 a lui Surya: &#8222;S\u0103 medit\u0103m la lumina str\u0103lucitoare a divinului Savitr, care s\u0103 ne ilumineze g\u00e2ndurile.&#8221; Aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O silab\u0103 sau formul\u0103 sacr\u0103 rostit\u0103 \u00een mod repetat \u00een hinduism \u0219i budism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantr\u0103<\/span> este recitat\u0103 de mai multe ori pe zi mai ales de brahmani \u0219i este considerat\u0103 cea mai important\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea lingvistic\u0103 a omului c\u0103tre o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">rug\u0103ciune<\/span> vedic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415b8fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"415b8fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13e17dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13e17dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mituri importante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d86e4b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d86e4b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mitul central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este povestea lui Surya \u0219i Sanjna. Sanjna nu putea suporta lumina orbitoare a so\u021bului s\u0103u, a creat o dublur\u0103 (Chhaya, \u201eumbr\u0103&#8221;) \u0219i a fugit \u00een p\u0103dure, unde s-a transformat \u00eentr-o iap\u0103 \u0219i a practicat asceza.<\/p><p>Surya a observat schimbul abia t\u00e2rziu, c\u00e2nd Chhaya \u0219i-a tratat diferit propriii copii ai lui. L-a c\u0103utat pe Sanjna, a g\u0103sit-o sub form\u0103 de iap\u0103 \u0219i s-a transformat el \u00eensu\u0219i \u00eentr-un arm\u0103sar.<\/p><p>Din aceast\u0103 unire s-au n\u0103scut Ashvinii, medicii \u0219i c\u0103l\u0103re\u021bii divini. Ulterior, Surya s-a dus la Tvashtar (tat\u0103l Sanjnei), iar acesta a \u0219lefuit o parte din str\u0103lucirea lui Surya, pentru ca Sanjna s\u0103 \u00eel poat\u0103 suporta pe so\u021bul ei.<\/p><p>Din razele \u0219lefuite, Tvashtar a forjat arme pentru zei. Acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este elaborat \u00een Markandeya Purana, \u00een Vishnu Purana \u0219i \u00een Bhagavata Purana.<\/p>\n<p>Un al doilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este cel al lui Karna, primul fiu al lui Kunti din Mahabharata.<\/p><p>Kunti, \u00eenzestrat\u0103 \u00een tinere\u021be de \u00een\u021beleptul Durvasa cu o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O silab\u0103 sau formul\u0103 sacr\u0103 rostit\u0103 \u00een mod repetat \u00een hinduism \u0219i budism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantr\u0103<\/span> care chema orice zeu, a \u00eencercat \u00een tain\u0103 aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O silab\u0103 sau formul\u0103 sacr\u0103 rostit\u0103 \u00een mod repetat \u00een hinduism \u0219i budism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantr\u0103<\/span> \u0219i l-a invocat pe Surya. Surya a ap\u0103rut \u0219i a z\u0103mislit cu ea pe Karna, care s-a n\u0103scut cu o armur\u0103 de aur \u0219i cercei din raze de soare.<\/p><p>Kunti, \u00eenc\u0103 nem\u0103ritat\u0103, l-a abandonat pe Karna \u00een r\u00e2u. Karna a devenit figura tragic\u0103 a Mahabharatei, un erou de partea gre\u0219it\u0103 a r\u0103zboiului. Acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> are o prezen\u021b\u0103 enorm\u0103 \u00een arta, literatura \u0219i credin\u021ba popular\u0103 indian\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Un al treilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> \u00eel leag\u0103 pe Surya de avatarul Krishna. \u00cen Bhagavata Purana se poveste\u0219te c\u0103 Krishna a intrat \u00een conflict cu Satrajit, posesorul pietrei pre\u021bioase solare miraculoase Syamantaka. Piatra era un dar al lui Surya c\u0103tre Satrajit. Acest episod \u00eel \u00eemplete\u0219te pe Surya \u00een nara\u021biunile despre Krishna \u0219i subliniaz\u0103 importan\u021ba sa \u00een cosmosul hindus clasic.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nara\u021biunea lui Karna din Mahabharata este una dintre cele mai dramatice nara\u021biuni religioase ale literaturii indiene. Karna, n\u0103scut ca fiu al lui Surya \u0219i al lui Kunti, este abandonat \u0219i crescut de un vizitiu. El devine unul dintre cei mai mari r\u0103zboinici ai timpului s\u0103u, lupt\u00e2nd \u00eens\u0103 de partea gre\u0219it\u0103 (al\u0103turi de Kauravi \u00eempotriva Pandavilor).<\/p><p>\u00cen r\u0103zboiul de la Kurukshetra moare prin m\u00e2na lui Arjuna, fratele s\u0103u vitreg. Destinul tragic al lui Karna a primit nenum\u0103rate prelucr\u0103ri \u00een literatura indian\u0103 \u0219i \u00een teatrul indian modern. El este figura eroic\u0103 paradigmatic\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> hinduse, a c\u0103rei m\u0103re\u021bie este tr\u0103dat\u0103 de \u00eemprejur\u0103rile na\u0219terii sale.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva sociologiei religiilor, nara\u021biunea lui Karna are o importan\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103. Ea tematizeaz\u0103 tensiunea dintre statutul de na\u0219tere (Karna este \u00een realitate un prin\u021b Kshatriya) \u0219i realitatea social\u0103 (el este tratat ca fiu al unui vizitiu, deci Sudra).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Aceast\u0103 tensiune a fost adesea citit\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia indian\u0103 ca o critic\u0103 la adresa sistemului rigid al castelor. Wendy Doniger a analizat \u00een \u201eThe Hindus: An Alternative History&#8221; (2009) figura lui Karna ca exemplu al autocriticii hinduse fa\u021b\u0103 de sistemul castelor.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f523d8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f523d8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3759e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3759e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rela\u021bii \u00een panteon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88695c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88695c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surya este tat\u0103l lui Yama (zeul mor\u021bilor), al Yamiei (zei\u021ba Yamuna), al lui Vaivasvata Manu (str\u0103mo\u0219ul omenirii actuale), al lui Karna (eroul din Mahabharata), al lui Shani (Saturn), al lui Sugriva (regele maimu\u021belor din Ramayana) \u0219i al Ashvinkumarilor (medicii divini). Aceast\u0103 bogat\u0103 paternitate \u00eel face pe Surya una dintre divinit\u0103\u021bile cele mai importante din punct de vedere genealogic ale hinduismului.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen raport cu celelalte divinit\u0103\u021bi vedice, el se comport\u0103 cooperant. Indra, Agni, Varuna sunt tovar\u0103\u0219ii s\u0103i \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> vedic. \u00cen tradi\u021bia clasic\u0103 t\u00e2rzie, Surya este uneori interpretat ca manifestare a lui Vishnu (Surya-Narayana) sau a lui Shiva (Surya-Bhairava), ceea ce reflect\u0103 tendin\u021ba monist\u0103 cresc\u00e2nd\u0103 a hinduismului.<\/p>\n<p>Contraponderea lui Surya (\u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> comparat\u0103) este luna, Soma sau Chandra. Ambii reglementeaz\u0103 timpul \u0219i calendarul. \u00cen sistemul vedic, Soma este luna \u0219i totodat\u0103 b\u0103utura ritual\u0103. Luminozitatea lui Surya \u0219i r\u0103coarea lui Soma se opun ca principii complementare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c63321 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9c63321\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f8f0ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f8f0ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare \u0219i influen\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b6bcb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b6bcb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen literatura sanscrit\u0103 clasic\u0103, Surya ocup\u0103 un loc central \u00een numeroase opere. Nara\u021biunea din Mahabharata despre Karna este una dintre cele mai tulbur\u0103toare. Kalidasa \u00eei dedic\u0103 lui Surya strofe \u00een \u201eRaghuvamsha&#8221;. Operele epice din Tamil Nadu, \u00een special \u201eSilappatikaram&#8221; \u0219i \u201eManimekalai&#8221; (secolele V-VI), \u00eel invoc\u0103 pe Surya ca putere cosmic\u0103 central\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen secta Saura (secta veneratorilor lui Surya), activ\u0103 \u00eentre secolele V-XIV mai ales \u00een Bihar, Bengal \u0219i Odisha, Surya se afla \u00een centrul practicii religioase.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 sect\u0103 dispunea de propriile texte, printre care Saura Purana. Ast\u0103zi secta exist\u0103 doar \u00een vestigii, mai ales \u00een r\u00e2ndul brahmanilor Sakaldwipiya, care formeaz\u0103 un subgrup brahminic distinct \u00een r\u00e2ndul veneratorilor lui Surya.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen budism, Surya a fost integrat \u00een mai multe forme. Bodhisattva Suryaprabha (\u201eRadia\u021bia soarelui&#8221;) este una dintre figurile importante ale Mahayanei. \u00cen budismul tibetan, Surya apare ca Nyima, iar \u00een tradi\u021bia chinez\u0103 ca Tai Yang Xing Jun. Aceast\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire transcultural\u0103 demonstreaz\u0103 semnifica\u021bia universal\u0103 a cultului solar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen artele vizuale, templele solare men\u021bionate (Konark, Modhera, Martand) sunt cele mai importante m\u0103rturii. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acestea, exist\u0103 numeroase <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> mai mici \u0219i reprezent\u0103ri din epoca Gupta p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIII-lea. \u00cen arta indian\u0103 modern\u0103, mai ales \u00een arta de bazar, Surya este omniprezent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ff1b5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ff1b5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ec201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13ec201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-599a0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"599a0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surya apar\u021bine clasei Adityas, un vechi grup de divinit\u0103\u021bi vedice, al c\u0103rui corespondent iranian \u00eel constituie Aditya-Yazatas din Avesta. Leg\u0103tura indo-iranian\u0103 este documentat\u0103 \u00een mod deosebit de bine din punct de vedere istoric.<\/p><p>Mithra (vedic Mitra, iranian Mithra) reprezint\u0103 cel mai important punct de convergen\u021b\u0103. Ambele divinit\u0103\u021bi au func\u021bii comune: protec\u021bia contractelor, aspecte solare, vigilen\u021b\u0103 etic\u0103. \u00cen cultul roman al lui Mithras din epoca imperial\u0103 (sec. I-IV d.Hr.) aceast\u0103 veche tradi\u021bie solar\u0103 a continuat s\u0103 existe.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Heinrich von Stietencron a prezentat pe larg istoria cultului solar indian \u00een lucr\u0103rile &#8222;Indische Sonnenpriester&#8221; (1966) \u0219i &#8222;Surya&#8221; (1981). Influen\u021ba iranian\u0103 \u0219i scitic\u0103 din epoca Kushana a modelat forma iconografic\u0103 a lui Surya (cu cizme \u0219i manta). Acest schimb cultural reprezint\u0103 unul dintre cele mai impresionante exemple de conexiuni transreligioase din Asia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei, Surya se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een cercul divinit\u0103\u021bilor solare care apar \u00een aproape toate culturile. Mircea Eliade a clasificat cultele solare \u00een &#8222;Patterns in Comparative Religion&#8221; (1958) drept una dintre structurile religioase universale. Surya reprezint\u0103 principala manifestare hinduist\u0103 a acestui motiv universal, cu o leg\u0103tur\u0103 special\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de calculul timpului, vigilen\u021ba etic\u0103 \u0219i ordinea cosmic\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Leg\u0103tura indo-iranian\u0103 a cultului solar constituie unul dintre subiectele cel mai bine documentate ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor<\/span> comparative. Mithra (vedic Mitra, iranian Mithra) este figura central\u0103 de leg\u0103tur\u0103. \u00cen ambele tradi\u021bii, Mithra reprezint\u0103 aspectul solar protector al contractelor, care supravegheaz\u0103 sinceritatea etic\u0103 a oamenilor.<\/p><p>\u00cen cultul roman al lui Mithras din epoca imperial\u0103 (sec. I-IV d.Hr.) aceast\u0103 veche tradi\u021bie solar\u0103 a continuat s\u0103 existe \u00eentr-o form\u0103 particular\u0103 de mistere. Cultul roman al lui <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mithras<\/span> era puternic marcat \u00een mitologiile \u0219i iconografiile sale de originea iranian\u0103 a lui Mithra, \u00eens\u0103 s-a dezvoltat \u00een mod independent, constituind o religie de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>&#8222;Les myst\u00e8res de Mithra&#8221; (1900) de Frans Cumont \u0219i &#8222;Mithras: The Secret God&#8221; (1963) de Maarten Vermaseren sunt lucr\u0103rile clasice referitoare la aceast\u0103 istorie transcultural\u0103.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Cercet\u0103rile mai recente ale lui Roger Beck (&#8222;The Religion of the Mithras Cult&#8221;, 2006) au descris conexiunea Mithra-Surya \u00eentr-un mod mai nuan\u021bat. Rela\u021biile genetice directe sunt trasabile doar p\u00e2n\u0103 la substratul indo-iranian, dezvolt\u0103rile ulterioare urm\u00e2nd \u00een mare parte c\u0103i independente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Universalitatea cultului solar ca fenomen religios a fost descris\u0103 fenomenologic de Mircea Eliade \u00een &#8222;Patterns in Comparative Religion&#8221; (1958). Surya, Helios, Mithras, Sol Invictus, Aton, Inti (Inca), Amaterasu (Japonia) sunt varia\u021biuni ale unui tip fundamental.<\/span><\/p><p>Specificul manifest\u0103rii lui Surya \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> hinduist se remarc\u0103 prin combinarea preciziei astronomice (carul cu \u0219apte cai), a vigilen\u021bei etice (mai ales \u00een forma Mitra) \u0219i a centralit\u0103\u021bii cosmologice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ddc340 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ddc340\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96795e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96795e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103 suplimentar\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b46a729 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b46a729\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Surse primare: Rig Veda (\u00een special 1.50, 1.115, 10.37, aproximativ 1500-1200 \u00ee.Hr.), Atharva Veda, Mahabharata (\u00een special nara\u021biunea despre Karna), Markandeya Purana, Vishnu Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Saura Purana. Opere: Aditya Hridayam (\u00een Ramayana, Yuddha Kanda 105), Surya Sahasranama. Traduceri \u00een limba englez\u0103: Rig Veda de Stephanie Jamison\/Joel Brereton (2014), Markandeya Purana de F. Eden Pargiter (1904).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Heinrich von Stietencron \u201eIndische Sonnenpriester&#8221; (1966) \u0219i \u201eSurya&#8221; (1981).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>David Kinsley \u201eHindu Goddesses&#8221; (1986, despre zei\u021bele Aditya).<\/span><\/li><li>Wendy Doniger \u201eHindu Myths&#8221; (1975).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>J. C. Heesterman \u201eThe Inner Conflict of Tradition&#8221; (1985).<\/span><\/li><li>Vasudeva S. Agrawala \u201eSolar Symbolism in the Vedas&#8221;.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatura\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Surya, zeul soarelui \u00een hinduism Surya este un zeu al soarelui \u00een hinduism, care str\u0103bate zilnic cerul cu carul s\u0103u tras de cai. Surya este zeul soarelui \u00een hinduism. Numele s\u0103u \u00eenseamn\u0103 literal \u201eSoare&#8221;. El este una dintre pu\u021binele divinit\u0103\u021bi venerate \u00een mod continuu din epoca Rig Vedei p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. Surya traverseaz\u0103 zilnic bolta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3231,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Surya","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Surya - Zeul soarelui \u00een hinduism | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Surya este zeul soarelui \u00een hinduism, cu carul tras de \u0219apte cai. 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