{"id":105956,"date":"2026-08-04T16:46:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ishtar-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:46:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:46:24","slug":"ishtar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/","title":{"rendered":"Ishtar"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105956\" class=\"elementor elementor-105956 elementor-2063\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ishtar, zei\u021ba tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ishtar este zei\u021ba tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene.<\/p><p>Zei\u021ba iubirii, a r\u0103zboiului, a lui Venus, st\u0103p\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103lbatic\u0103 a cerurilor. Ishtar (sumerian\u0103 Inanna) este cea mai puternic\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 feminin\u0103 a Mesopotamiei \u0219i cu greu poate fi \u00eembl\u00e2nzit\u0103. Ea este \u00een acela\u0219i timp seduc\u0103toare \u0219i r\u0103zboinic\u0103, tandr\u0103 \u0219i m\u00e2nioas\u0103, o zei\u021b\u0103 care d\u0103ruie\u0219te regilor victoria \u0219i \u00eei blestem\u0103 \u00een clipa urm\u0103toare.<\/p><p>St\u0103p\u00e2nind din Uruk asupra iubirii \u0219i a stelei de diminea\u021b\u0103, este zei\u021ba \u00eendr\u0103git\u0103 de oameni, temut\u0103 de zeii \u00een\u0219i\u0219i.<\/p><p>Ishtar (sumerian\u0103 Inanna) este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitatea<\/span> feminin\u0103 central\u0103 a panteonului mesopotamian \u0219i reune\u0219te sferele aparent contradictorii ale iubirii, r\u0103zboiului \u0219i regalit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p><p>Textele sale imnografice (Enheduanna, cca. 2300 \u00ee.Hr.) se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai vechi texte religioase autorizate transmise. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span> cobor\u00e2rii Inanei \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103 este unul dintre textele-cheie ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> mesopotamiene. Venerarea sa se extinde pe \u00eentreg spa\u021biul lingvistic semitic \u0219i influen\u021beaz\u0103 cultele ulterioare ale Afroditei \u0219i Astarteei. Ca zei\u021b\u0103 a iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului, Ishtar a marcat profund universul religios din Mesopotamia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zei\u021b\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Leag\u0103nul religiei documentate, Sumer, Akkad, Babilon, Asiria (cca. 3500 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 330 \u00ee.Hr.).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1634\" alt=\"Ishtar - G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ishtar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prezentare succint\u0103: Ishtar<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Divinitate principal\u0103 mesopotamian\u0103, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Totalitatea zeit\u0103\u021bilor dintr-o religie sau cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Akkad\/Babilon\/Assur (echivalent sumerian: Inanna)<br>Func\u021bie: iubire, pl\u0103cere sexual\u0103, r\u0103zboi, putere cosmic\u0103, steaua Venus<br>Atribute principale: coroan\u0103 de stele, leu ca animal de c\u0103l\u0103rie, arc \u0219i s\u0103ge\u021bi, steaua cu opt col\u021buri (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Simbol<\/span>)<br>Centre de cult principale: Ninive (E-mash-mash-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templu<\/span>), Uruk (Eanna), Babilon (Poarta I\u0219tar)<br>Identificare astronomic\u0103: Venus (Dilbat)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare istoric\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ishtar este atestat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada akkadic\u0103 veche (mileniul III \u00ee.Hr.), ca akkadizare a sumerianei <em>Inanna<\/em> (\u00een Uruk). Perioada de maxim\u0103 \u00eenflorire a vener\u0103rii sale: epocile babiloniene veche, mijlocie \u0219i nou\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen Imperiul Asirian, zei\u021ba principal\u0103 a Ninivei \u0219i Arbelei, patroana protectoare a regilor asirieni. Renumita <em>Poart\u0103 a Ishtarului<\/em> din Babilon (ast\u0103zi la Berlin) este una dintre cele mai mari construc\u021bii antice p\u0103strate. \u00cen tradi\u021bia biblic\u0103 este men\u021bionat\u0103 ca <em>Ashtoreth<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principale centre de cult: <strong>Ninive<\/strong> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> E-mash-mash, principalul centru de cult \u00een perioada asirian\u0103 t\u00e2rzie), <strong>Uruk<\/strong> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> Eanna ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> al Inanei), <strong>Babilon<\/strong> (Poarta Ishtarului, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> din complexul Esagila), <strong>Arbela<\/strong> (ast\u0103zi Erbil, unul dintre cele mai vechi ora\u0219e continuu locuite). \u00cen Akkad, zei\u021ba principal\u0103 a lui Sargon. \u00cen spa\u021biul mediteranean, prin Astarte ca precursoare a Afroditei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surse centrale: ciclul mitologic <em>Inanna \u0219i Dumuzi<\/em> (sumerean), <em>Cobor\u00e2rea Inanei \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103<\/em>, <em>Epopeea lui Ghilgame\u0219<\/em> (Tableta VI, Ishtar \u00eei cere lui Ghilgame\u0219 s\u0103 o ia de so\u021bie), <em>Inanna \u0219i Enki<\/em>, <em>Imnul Ishtarului<\/em>, inscrip\u021bii neoasiriene despre Ishtar din Arbela. Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103: Wolkstein\/Kramer, <em>Inanna. Queen of Heaven and Earth<\/em>; Foster, <em>Before the Muses<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante ortografice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ishtar este reprezentat\u0103 \u00eentr-o dubl\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are: sus \u00een ve\u0219m\u00e2nt transparent, cu coroana puterii, cu trupul gol sau \u00een postur\u0103 de lupt\u0103; jos \u00eenarmat\u0103 ca un r\u0103zboinic cu lance \u0219i scut, cu un leu sau panter\u0103 la picioare.<\/p><p>Coroana stelar\u0103 cu opt col\u021buri o caracterizeaz\u0103, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al stelei de diminea\u021b\u0103 (Venus). Arma sa este <em>Piyattu<\/em> (lancea de foc). Un scorpion sau un porumbel pot s\u0103 o \u00eenso\u021beasc\u0103. Este adesea reprezentat\u0103 \u00een genunchi sau \u00een picioare, \u00een postur\u0103 de lupt\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracteristici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ishtar este zei\u021ba prostitu\u021biei sacre, r\u0103zboinic\u0103, p\u0103zitoare a dreptului \u0219i a puterii. Ea hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219te soarta b\u0103t\u0103liilor \u0219i binecuv\u00e2nteaz\u0103 sau blestem\u0103 regii dup\u0103 bunul s\u0103u plac. \u00cen <em>Cobor\u00e2rea Ishtarului<\/em>, ea este condus\u0103 prin cele \u0219apte por\u021bi ale lumii inferioare, ca pedeaps\u0103 pentru trufie, un profund <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>-narativ despre puterea feminin\u0103 \u0219i limitele sale.<\/p><p><em>Hierodulele<\/em> (preotesele sacre) slujeau \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> s\u0103u. Aveau loc mari s\u0103rb\u0103tori \u00een cinstea sa, nun\u021bi liturgice (<em>hieros gamos<\/em>) cu regii, \u0219i jertfe de mas\u0103 \u00een vreme de r\u0103zboi. Ishtar era zei\u021ba oamenilor, invocat\u0103 nemijlocit, temut\u0103 nemijlocit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Ishtar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cele mai importante aspecte ale Ishtarului dintr-o privire. C\u00e2mpurile urm\u0103toare rezum\u0103 originea, func\u021bia, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area, venerarea, simbolurile \u0219i paralelele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origine<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ishtar este fiica zeului lunii <em>Sin<\/em> (Nanna) \u0219i a <em>Ningal<\/em>, sor\u0103 a zeului soare <em>Shamash<\/em>. \u00cen corespondentul sumerian <em>Inanna<\/em>, fiic\u0103 a lui An \u0219i Nammu. So\u021bul zei\u021bei iubirii: <em>Dumuzi<\/em> (Tammuz \u00een akkadic\u0103), un t\u00e2n\u0103r zeu al p\u0103storilor \u0219i al vegeta\u021biei.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span> <em>cobor\u00e2rii Inanei<\/em>: ea coboar\u0103 \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103 la sora sa Ereshkigal, unde este mai \u00eent\u00e2i ucis\u0103 \u0219i apoi readus\u0103 la via\u021b\u0103 de Ea; Dumuzi trebuie s\u0103 coboare \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103 ca isp\u0103\u0219ire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domeniu de ac\u021biune<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dubl\u0103 func\u021bie: zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului (reunite \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 figur\u0103, o constela\u0163ie unic\u0103 \u00een lumea antic\u0103). Aspectul iubirii: pl\u0103cere sexual\u0103, atrac\u021bie erotic\u0103, c\u0103s\u0103torie. Aspectul r\u0103zboiului: b\u0103t\u0103lia regal\u0103, conducerea o\u0219tilor. Astronomic: steaua de diminea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i de sear\u0103 (Venus). \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> personal, \u0219i patroana femeilor, a preotesei templului (<em>nadi-tu<\/em>), a ghicitoarelor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area Ishtarului<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Antropomorf\u0103 ca t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie frumoas\u0103 \u00een ve\u0219m\u00e2nt lung cu mai multe straturi, cu <em>coroana stelar\u0103<\/em> sau o tiar\u0103-p\u0103l\u0103rie \u00eenalt\u0103. Atribute caracteristice: <em>arc \u0219i s\u0103ge\u021bi<\/em> (r\u0103zboi), <em>buzduganul dublu<\/em> (r\u0103zboi), <em>steaua cu opt col\u021buri<\/em> (simbolul s\u0103u principal, reprezent\u00e2nd Venus). Animal de c\u0103l\u0103rie: <em>leul<\/em> (st\u00e2nd adesea pe o pereche de lei). \u0218i forma nud\u0103 (tradi\u021bia Inanna-Astarte) pe reliefuri de teracot\u0103. \u00cen epoca neobabilonian\u0103, steaua cu opt col\u021buri apare singur\u0103 ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> divin pe stele \u0219i sigilii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activitate<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong> Ishtar era invocat\u0103 de toate categoriile sociale, \u00een probleme de iubire de femei, \u00eenainte de b\u0103t\u0103lii de regi, \u00een divina\u021bie de preo\u021bi.<\/p><p>Regii asirieni (Sargon II, Sanherib, Esarhaddon) erau proteja\u021bii s\u0103i speciali; la fiecare campanie militar\u0103 regele invoca &#8222;Ishtar din Arbela&#8221;. \u00cen Uruk, preotesele templului <em>nadi-tu<\/em> conduceau activitatea templului. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">Invocarea<\/span> personal\u0103 se f\u0103cea cu t\u0103m\u00e2ie din cedru \u0219i carne de oaie fript\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protec\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Steaua cu opt col\u021buri (simbolul principal, reprezent\u00e2nd Venus), arc \u0219i s\u0103ge\u021bi, buzduganul dublu, leul (animal de c\u0103l\u0103rie), coroana stelar\u0103, tiara-p\u0103l\u0103rie \u00eenalt\u0103, ve\u0219m\u00e2nt cu mai multe straturi. Plante: cedrul, curmale, crinul. Animale sacre: leul (\u00eenso\u021bit \u00een special de dragonul Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u), \u0219arpele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coresponden\u021be<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Inanna<\/em> (Sumer, precursoare), <em>Astarte<\/em> (Fenicia, preluare aproape identic\u0103), <em>Anat<\/em> (Ugarit), <em>Ashtoreth<\/em> (ebraic\u0103, men\u021biune biblic\u0103), <em>Afrodita<\/em> (Grecia, aspectul iubirii), <em>Atena<\/em> (Grecia, aspectul r\u0103zboiului), <em>Venus<\/em> (Roma, astronomic), <em>Hathor<\/em> (Egipt, sincretism t\u00e2rziu), <em>Freya<\/em> (germanic, iubire \u0219i alegerea lupt\u0103torilor c\u0103zu\u021bi), <em>Durga<\/em> (hinduism, zei\u021ba r\u0103zboiului pe leu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protec\u021bie apotropaic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualuri de venerare<\/strong><\/p><p>Ishtar (sumerian\u0103 Inanna) era una dintre divinit\u0103\u021bile centrale ale Mesopotamiei, zei\u021ba iubirii, a r\u0103zboinicelorl \u0219i a lui Venus deopotriv\u0103. Principalul s\u0103u sanctuar era Eanna \u00een Uruk (mileniul IV-III \u00ee.Hr.).<\/p><p>Riturile nun\u021bii sacre <em>hieros gamos<\/em> (sumerian\u0103 <em>nig-mussa-tum<\/em>) \u00eentre rege \u0219i marea preoteas\u0103 ca \u00eentrupare a Inanei sunt atestate \u00eenc\u0103 din epoca lui Schulgi\/Sin-Iddinam (Ur III) (cf. Frymer-Kensky, <em>In the Wake of the Goddesses<\/em>). Prostitu\u021bia templului (sumer. <em>nu-gig<\/em>) f\u0103cea parte din venerarea sa, un aspect disputat \u00een \u0219tiin\u021ba religiilor (cf. Lambert, Roth).<\/p><p><strong>Invoc\u0103ri<\/strong><\/p><p>&#8222;Cobor\u00e2rea Inanei \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103&#8221; (sumerian\u0103, Kramer, <em>The Sumerians<\/em>) \u0219i corespondentul akkadian &#8222;Cobor\u00e2rea Ishtarului \u00een Hades&#8221; (Foster) sunt textele mitologice centrale. &#8222;Marele Imn al Ishtarului&#8221; al lui Naram-Sin (Akkad, cca. 2250 \u00ee.Hr.) este cea mai veche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocare<\/span> personal\u0103 adresat\u0103 ei. Rug\u0103ciunea ritual\u0103 <em>\u0161u\u02beila<\/em> (rug\u0103ciunea cu m\u00e2inile ridicate) se adresa adesea Ishtarului \u00een momente de criz\u0103 personal\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Amulete \u0219i simboluri de protec\u021bie<\/strong><\/p><p>Steaua cu opt col\u021buri (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al lui Venus) pe cilindrii-sigiliu babilonieni \u0219i pe pietrele de hotar (cf. Black\/Green). \u00censo\u021bitorul-leu (ea c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te un leu, carul cu \u0219apte lei). Figurine apotropaice din lut reprezent\u00e2nd femei nude cu m\u00e2inile sub s\u00e2ni (imagini ale Ishtarului) erau \u00eengropate \u00een pere\u021bii caselor (Ur, Larsa, Sippar, s\u0103p\u0103turile Woolley).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ishtar, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Ishtar \u00eemparte cu Afrodita (Grecia) sfera iubirii, cu Atena (Grecia) aspectul r\u0103zboiului. Cu Isis (Egipt) o une\u0219te puterea feminin\u0103 de nep\u0103truns. \u00cen culturile indiene seam\u0103n\u0103 cu Durga sau Kali, un principiu feminin s\u0103lbatic, distrug\u0103tor, dar indispensabil vie\u021bii. Nicio alt\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Orientului Antic nu este at\u00e2t de complex elaborat\u0103 din punct de vedere psihologic \u0219i at\u00e2t de central\u0103 cultural precum Ishtar.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa0b1f45 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa0b1f45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp66dddd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp66dddd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Inanna \u0219i Ishtar: o zei\u021b\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 limbi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp466eb10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp466eb10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf447111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf447111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen spatele numelui Ishtar se afl\u0103 una dintre cele mai vechi \u0219i mai importante divinit\u0103\u021bi ale Mesopotamiei.<\/p><p>\u00cen sursele sumeriene ea se nume\u0219te <em>Inanna<\/em>, \u00een textele akkadiene, babiloniene \u0219i asiriene ulterioare <em>Ishtar<\/em>. Cercetarea consider\u0103 c\u0103 akkadiana Ishtar a fost \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 identificat\u0103 cu sumeriana Inanna, dar c\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 figur\u0103 a fost absorbit\u0103 \u0219i o zei\u021b\u0103 semitic\u0103 ini\u021bial independent\u0103. De-a lungul mileniilor, diferite filoane de tradi\u021bie s-au contopit.<\/p><p>Ishtar reune\u0219te domenii de competen\u021b\u0103 care, la prima vedere, par opuse. Ea este zei\u021ba iubirii carnale \u0219i totodat\u0103 o zei\u021b\u0103 a r\u0103zboiului. Reprezint\u0103 pl\u0103cerea \u0219i atrac\u021bia la fel ca lupta \u0219i violen\u021ba.<\/p><p>Cercetarea mai veche a v\u0103zut \u00een aceasta uneori o contradic\u021bie sau coexisten\u021ba a dou\u0103 zei\u021be. Lucr\u0103rile mai recente subliniaz\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 c\u0103 ambele sfere sunt legate \u00een g\u00e2ndirea mesopotamian\u0103 printr-o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 comun\u0103: o for\u021b\u0103 transgresiv\u0103, care sparge ordinea \u0219i este activ\u0103 deopotriv\u0103 \u00een pasiune \u0219i \u00een r\u0103zboi.<\/p><p>Aspectul s\u0103u astral este planeta Venus. Ca stea de diminea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i de sear\u0103, Ishtar a fost asociat\u0103 cu cel mai str\u0103lucitor astru dup\u0103 Soare \u0219i Lun\u0103. \u0218i aici se manifest\u0103 natura sa dubl\u0103, c\u0103ci planeta apare o dat\u0103 diminea\u021ba \u0219i o dat\u0103 seara.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Venus este important\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, deoarece construie\u0219te o punte c\u0103tre zei\u021bele iubirii ulterioare din spa\u021biul mediteranean, c\u0103tre feniciena Astarte \u0219i c\u0103tre greaca <a href=\"\/ro\/aphrodite\/\">Afrodita<\/a>, care au fost de asemenea asociate cu planeta Venus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp17a967f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp17a967f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb04c62b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb04c62b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cobor\u00e2rea Ishtarului \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe59b334 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe59b334\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cped066e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cped066e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cel mai cunoscut <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> legat de Ishtar este cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103. El este transmis at\u00e2t \u00eentr-o versiune sumerien\u0103 mai veche, <em>Cobor\u00e2rea Inanei \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103<\/em>, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00eentr-o versiune akkadian\u0103mai scurt\u0103, <em>Cobor\u00e2rea Ishtarului \u00een Hades<\/em>. Zei\u021ba hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219te s\u0103 coboare \u00een t\u0103r\u00e2mul mor\u021bilor, condus de sora sa Ereschkigal.<\/p><p>Pe drumul prin cele \u0219apte por\u021bi ale lumii inferioare, Ishtar trebuie s\u0103 depun\u0103 la fiecare poart\u0103 o hain\u0103 sau o podoab\u0103, semn al puterii sale.<\/p><p>Goal\u0103 \u0219i lipsit\u0103 de insignele sale, se \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00eenaintea Ereschkigalei \u0219i este acolo ucis\u0103, trupul s\u0103u at\u00e2rn\u00e2nd sp\u00e2nzurat. Odat\u0103 cu moartea zei\u021bei iubirii, dispare de pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt orice fertilitate; oamenii \u0219i animalele nu mai z\u0103mislesc urma\u0219i.<\/p><p>La interven\u021bia zeilor superiori, Ishtar este readus\u0103 la via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i i se permite s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 lumea inferioar\u0103, dar legea t\u0103r\u00e2mului mor\u021bilor cere un \u00eenlocuitor. \u00cen versiunea sumerien\u0103, so\u021bul s\u0103u Dumuzi, akkadian Tammuz, este destinat acestui rol; el trebuie de atunci s\u0103 petreac\u0103 o parte din an \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103.<\/p><p>Acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este important pentru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021ba religiilor<\/span> \u00een mai multe privin\u021be. El asociaz\u0103 o zei\u021b\u0103 cu alternarea fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i infertilit\u0103\u021bii, oferind astfel un exemplu timpuriu pentru r\u0103sp\u00e2nditul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> al zeului vegeta\u021biei legat temporar de lumea inferioar\u0103.<\/p><p>Totodat\u0103, depunerea treptat\u0103 a insignelor la cele \u0219apte por\u021bi relev\u0103 o concep\u021bie ritual\u0103 elaborat\u0103. Interpretarea mai veche ca pur mit al vegeta\u021biei este considerat\u0103 ast\u0103zi prea restrictiv\u0103; cercetarea accentueaz\u0103 mai mult temele puterii, neputin\u021bei \u0219i grani\u021ba dintre lumi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83c3e12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp83c3e12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe241c29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe241c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Temple, preo\u021bime \u0219i practic\u0103 cultic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2ed9a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb2ed9a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp598d56f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp598d56f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ishtar poseda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> \u0219i sanctuare \u00een numeroase ora\u0219e ale Mesopotamiei. Un vechi centru al cultului s\u0103u era ora\u0219ul Uruk, unde se afla marele <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> <em>Eanna<\/em>, Casa Cerului.<\/p><p>\u0218i la Ninive \u0219i \u00een alte ora\u0219e asiriene era o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> de frunte; regii asirieni invocau Ishtar ca ajut\u0103toare \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lii \u0219i \u00eei atribuiau victoriile.<\/p><p>Practica cultic\u0103 includea un cerc variat de slujitori ai templului \u0219i de persoane cu activitate cultic\u0103. Sursele cuneiforme men\u021bioneaz\u0103 diferite grupuri de persoane aflate \u00een slujba Ishtarului, printre care unele a c\u0103ror identitate de gen este descris\u0103 ca situat\u0103 \u00eentre categoriile obi\u0219nuite. Reprezent\u0103rile mai vechi au descris adesea cultul Ishtarului cu termenul de prostitu\u021bie templier\u0103l.<\/p><p>Cercetarea mai recent\u0103 s-a ar\u0103tat mult mai prudent\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103. Ea subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 atest\u0103rile antice \u00een favoarea acestei interpret\u0103ri, \u00een special un celebru pasaj la Herodot, provin din exterior, pot fi susceptibile de ne\u00een\u021belegeri \u0219i nu corespund f\u0103r\u0103 rezerve surselor cuneiforme indigene. Natura exact\u0103 a elementelor cultice cu conota\u021bie sexual\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne disputat\u0103.<\/p><p>Bine atestate sunt \u00een schimb imnurile \u0219i rug\u0103ciunile adresate Ishtarului, care se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai impresionante texte ale literaturii mesopotamiene. Ele \u00eei laud\u0103 puterea, \u00eei descriu frumuse\u021bea \u0219i \u00eenfrico\u0219area \u0219i cer sprijinul ei.<\/p><p>Unele dintre aceste texte au fost atribuite unor personalit\u0103\u021bi care au marcat tradi\u021bia, precum preoteasa \u0219i poeta akkadian\u0103veche Enheduanna, c\u0103reia \u00eei sunt atribuite mai multe imnuri ale Inanei. Astfel de texte arat\u0103 c\u0103 Ishtar nu era doar obiectul cultului de stat oficial, ci \u0219i al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Atitudinea \u0219i practica religioas\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 a unui om.\" tabindex=\"0\">evlaviei<\/span> personale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdeae2cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdeae2cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ae6994 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ae6994\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ishtar \u00een Epopeea lui Ghilgame\u0219 \u0219i \u00een memoria cultural\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdf5e8d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpdf5e8d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b60050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7b60050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un celebru episod literar o prezint\u0103 pe Ishtar \u00eentr-o lumin\u0103 critic\u0103. \u00cen <em>Epopeea lui Ghilgame\u0219<\/em>, cea mai cunoscut\u0103 oper\u0103 a literaturii mesopotamiene, zei\u021ba \u00eei face curte eroului Ghilgame\u0219 \u0219i \u00eei propune c\u0103s\u0103toria. Ghilgame\u0219 refuz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eei aminte\u0219te soarta iubi\u021bilor ei din trecut, c\u0103rora iubirea sa le-a adus nenorocire, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd Dumuzi.<\/p><p>Furioas\u0103, Ishtar \u00eei cere tat\u0103lui s\u0103u Taurul Ceresc pentru a-l pedepsi pe Ghilgame\u0219, provoc\u00e2nd astfel mari calamit\u0103\u021bi, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd taurul este ucis de Ghilgame\u0219 \u0219i Enkidu.<\/p><p>Acest episod este revelator din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, deoarece arat\u0103 c\u0103 poezia mesopotamian\u0103 putea atribui zeilor \u0219i tr\u0103s\u0103turi m\u00e2nioase, periculoase \u0219i jignite. Ishtar apare aici ca puternic\u0103, pasionat\u0103 \u0219i imprevizibil\u0103. Textul nu o devalorizeaz\u0103 prin aceasta, ci \u00eei pune \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 natura transgresiv\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen memoria cultural\u0103, Ishtar a r\u0103mas prezent\u0103 \u00een principal prin dou\u0103 c\u0103i. Prima este redescoperirea arheologic\u0103 a Mesopotamiei \u00een secolele XIX \u0219i XX. Renumit\u0103 este Poarta Ishtarului reconstruit\u0103 de la Babilon, cu zidul s\u0103u de c\u0103r\u0103mizi sm\u0103l\u021buite albastre, aflat\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00eentr-un muzeu din Berlin, care face vizibil\u0103 importan\u021ba zei\u021bei pentru ora\u0219ul babilonian.<\/p><p>A doua cale trece chiar prin istoria religiilor: leg\u0103tura dintre iubire, r\u0103zboi \u0219i planeta Venus face din Ishtar o cheie pentru \u00een\u021belegerea zei\u021belor ulterioare din Mediterana oriental\u0103. Cercetarea o vede ca una dintre cele mai influente divinit\u0103\u021bi feminine ale Lumii Vechi, ale c\u0103rei urme pot fi urm\u0103rite de la Sumer p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een religia greac\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/ereshkigal\/\">Ereshkigal, sora din lumea inferioar\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/marduk\/\">Marduk, zeitate superioar\u0103 \u00een panteonul neobabilonian<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/aphrodite\/\">Afrodita, paralela greac\u0103 a iubirii<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/mesopotamien\/\">Mesopotamia, prezentare general\u0103 a panteonului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/hochgottheiten\/\">Divinit\u0103\u021bi supreme, subcategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/goetter\/\">Zei, prezentare general\u0103 a clasei<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Wolkstein, Diane \/ Kramer, Samuel Noah: <em>Inanna. Queen of Heaven and Earth<\/em>. New York 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Benjamin R.: <em>Before the Muses. An Anthology of Akkadian Literature<\/em>. Bethesda 2005.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma \u201eIshtar&#8221; \u201eInanna&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50dfa77 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"50dfa77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31968c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b31968c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre Ishtar<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cine era Ishtar \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> babiloniano-asirian\u0103?<\/h3><p>Ishtar (akkadian I\u0161tar, sumerian Inanna) era cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Mesopotamiei, totodat\u0103 zei\u021ba iubirii, a fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului. Aceast\u0103 dubl\u0103 func\u021bie contradictorie (iubire \u0219i r\u0103zboi) este tipic\u0103 pentru ambivalen\u021ba sa.<\/p><p>Cel mai celebru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> al s\u0103u este cobor\u00e2rea Inanei\/Ishtarului \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103: ea coboar\u0103 la sora sa Ereshkigal \u0219i este dezbr\u0103cat\u0103 pe drum de cele \u0219apte podoabe ale sale (\u0219apte por\u021bi, la fiecare c\u00e2te una depus\u0103). Moare jos \u0219i se \u00eentoarce doar prin interven\u021bie divin\u0103, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> al \u00eennoirii vegetative.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Ce este Poarta Ishtarului?<\/h3><p>Poarta Ishtarului era a opta poart\u0103 a ora\u0219ului babilonian Babilon, construit\u0103 \u00een jurul anului 575 \u00ee.Hr. sub Nebucadne\u021bar II. Era o construc\u021bie dubl\u0103 cu c\u0103r\u0103mizi sm\u0103l\u021buite albastre, decorat\u0103 cu reliefuri de tauri (pentru zeul furtunii Adad), dragoni (Mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u, pentru Marduk) \u0219i lei (pentru Ishtar).<\/p><p>Era una dintre cele mai renumite construc\u021bii ale lumii antice, probabil cea avut\u0103 \u00een vedere c\u00e2nd Gr\u0103dinile Suspendate ale Babilonului sunt enumerate ca minune a lumii. Fa\u021bada reconstruit\u0103 a por\u021bii este ast\u0103zi piesa principal\u0103 a Muzeului Pergamon din Berlin.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cine era Ishtar \u00een mitologia babiloniano-asirian\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ishtar (akkadian I\u0161tar, sumerian Inanna) era cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Mesopotamiei, totodat\u0103 zei\u021ba iubirii, a fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului. Aceast\u0103 dubl\u0103 func\u021bie contradictorie (iubire \u0219i r\u0103zboi) este tipic\u0103 pentru ambivalen\u021ba sa. Cel mai celebru mit al s\u0103u este cobor\u00e2rea Inanei\/Ishtarului \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103: ea coboar\u0103 la sora sa Ereshkigal \u0219i este dezbr\u0103cat\u0103 pe drum de cele \u0219apte podoabe ale sale (\u0219apte por\u021bi, la fiecare c\u00e2te una depus\u0103). Moare jos \u0219i se \u00eentoarce doar prin interven\u021bie divin\u0103, un mit al \u00eennoirii vegetative.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ce este Poarta Ishtarului?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Poarta Ishtarului era a opta poart\u0103 a ora\u0219ului babilonian Babilon, construit\u0103 \u00een jurul anului 575 \u00ee.Hr. sub Nebucadne\u021bar II. Era o construc\u021bie dubl\u0103 cu c\u0103r\u0103mizi sm\u0103l\u021buite albastre, decorat\u0103 cu reliefuri de tauri (pentru zeul furtunii Adad), dragoni (Mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u, pentru Marduk) \u0219i lei (pentru Ishtar). Era una dintre cele mai renumite construc\u021bii ale lumii antice, probabil cea avut\u0103 \u00een vedere c\u00e2nd Gr\u0103dinile Suspendate ale Babilonului sunt enumerate ca minune a lumii. Fa\u021bada reconstruit\u0103 a por\u021bii este ast\u0103zi piesa principal\u0103 a Muzeului Pergamon din Berlin.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ishtar, zei\u021ba tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene Ishtar este zei\u021ba tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene. Zei\u021ba iubirii, a r\u0103zboiului, a lui Venus, st\u0103p\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103lbatic\u0103 a cerurilor. Ishtar (sumerian\u0103 Inanna) este cea mai puternic\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 feminin\u0103 a Mesopotamiei \u0219i cu greu poate fi \u00eembl\u00e2nzit\u0103. Ea este \u00een acela\u0219i timp seduc\u0103toare \u0219i r\u0103zboinic\u0103, tandr\u0103 \u0219i m\u00e2nioas\u0103, o zei\u021b\u0103 care d\u0103ruie\u0219te regilor victoria \u0219i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1634,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ishtar","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ishtar - Zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105956","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ishtar - Zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ishtar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T16:46:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ishtar - Zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:46:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:46:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Ishtar\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Ishtar\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:46:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:46:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2820,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/ishtar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"description\":\"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ishtar - Zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia","description":"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ishtar","og_description":"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-08-04T16:46:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Timp estimat pentru citire":"14 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Ishtar","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:46:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:46:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/"},"wordCount":2820,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/","name":"Ishtar - Zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:46:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:46:24+00:00","description":"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/acasa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Ishtar"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Ishtar","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:46:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:46:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/"},"wordCount":2820,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/ishtar\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ishtar.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Ishtar, zei\u021ba iubirii \u0219i a r\u0103zboiului \u00een Mesopotamia. Aspectul venusian, templul din Uruk \u0219i cobor\u00e2rea sa \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105956"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105960,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105956\/revisions\/105960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}