{"id":105813,"date":"2026-08-04T16:30:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/lakshmi-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:31:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:31:42","slug":"lakshmi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/lakshmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Lakshmi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105813\" class=\"elementor elementor-105813 elementor-3005\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72f7e63 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"72f7e63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c139ee0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c139ee0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-131ee47 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"131ee47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e32021e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e32021e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lakshmi, zei\u021ba hindus\u0103 a norocului \u0219i prosperit\u0103\u021bii<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-664f8d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"664f8d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lakshmi este zei\u021ba hindus\u0103 a norocului \u0219i a prosperit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i este considerat\u0103 so\u021bia lui Vishnu \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O imagine concret\u0103 care reprezint\u0103 un g\u00e2nd abstract.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al abunden\u021bei. Lakshmi (Sanskrit Laksmi) este \u00een hinduism zei\u021ba prosperit\u0103\u021bii, norocului, frumuse\u021bii \u0219i fertilit\u0103\u021bii. Ea este so\u021bia lui Vishnu \u0219i este privit\u0103 ca tovar\u0103\u0219a sa statornic\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen religia popular\u0103 hindus\u0103, Lakshmi este venerat\u0103 ca d\u0103ruitoare a abunden\u021bei materiale \u0219i spirituale. S\u0103rb\u0103toarea sa anual\u0103 Diwali, noaptea luminilor, se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai mari celebr\u0103ri religioase din India. Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, Lakshmi este considerat\u0103 una dintre pu\u021binele zei\u021be vedice venerate \u00eentr-o tradi\u021bie ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 de la Rig Veda p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63025a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63025a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb0cc1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bb0cc1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zei\u021b\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/hinduismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lumile zeilor, asurelor \u0219i protectorilor din hinduism, de la tradi\u021bia vedic\u0103 la cea tantric\u0103.\">Hinduism<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f55855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f55855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b645cb elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1b645cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1b645cb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1b645cb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1b645cb\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f5086e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f5086e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-478dd74 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"478dd74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_lakshmi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3227\" alt=\"Lakshmi - G\u00f6tter aus der Hinduismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_lakshmi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_lakshmi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_lakshmi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hinduismus_lakshmi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b5cf03 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7b5cf03\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd501f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd501f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6821e94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6821e94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mit \u0219i origine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7520449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7520449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen Rig Veda (aproximativ 1500-1200 \u00ee.Hr.) Lakshmi nu apare \u00eenc\u0103 drept o zei\u021b\u0103 elaborat\u0103, ci ca principiu abstract al norocului \u0219i al bunului augur. \u00cen Sri Sukta (anex\u0103 la Rig Veda) ea este invocat\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 drept zei\u021b\u0103 personificat\u0103.<\/p><p>Aici se spune: &#8222;Adu-mi zei\u021ba Lakshmi, aurie la culoare, \u00eempodobit\u0103 cu aur, bine alc\u0103tuit\u0103, str\u0103lucind ca luna.&#8221; Acest imn timpuriu constituie fundamentul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> ulterioare a lui Lakshmi.<\/p>\n<p>Nara\u021biunea mitic\u0103 central\u0103 despre originea lui Lakshmi este batoerea oceanului de lapte (Samudra Manthana), relatat\u0103 \u00een Mahabharata (Adi Parva 18) \u0219i \u00een mai multe Purana, \u00eendeosebi \u00een Vishnu Purana (Cartea 1, Capitolul 9) \u0219i \u00een Bhagavata Purana (Cartea 8, Capitolul 8).<\/p><p>Zeii \u0219i demonii bat \u00eempreun\u0103 oceanul primordial folosind muntele Mandara drept baston de agitare \u0219i \u0219arpele Vasuki drept fr\u00e2nghie.<\/p><p>Din aceast\u0103 batere iau na\u0219tere multe fiin\u021be \u0219i lucruri pre\u021bioase, printre care soarele, luna, copacul care \u00eempline\u0219te dorin\u021bele, vaca dorin\u021belor \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, Lakshmi \u00eens\u0103\u0219i. Ea se ridic\u0103 pe o floare de lotus din valuri, str\u0103lucind de frumuse\u021be, \u0219i \u00eel alege pe Vishnu drept so\u021b.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 na\u0219tere din oceanul primordial este unul dintre cele mai cunoscute mitologeme ale hinduismului.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Wendy Doniger a analizat \u00een &#8222;Hindu Myths&#8221; (1975) \u0219i &#8222;The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology&#8221; (1976) semnifica\u021bia cosmologic\u0103 a batoerii: este o crea\u021bie prin amestecul for\u021belor opuse (zei \u0219i demoni, ascensiune \u0219i cobor\u00e2re, lumin\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentuneric), iar Lakshmi apare ca rod al acestei tensiuni cosmologice.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Nara\u021biunea mitic\u0103 a batoerii oceanului de lapte (Samudra Manthana) se num\u0103r\u0103 printre episoadele cu cea mai larg\u0103 prezen\u021b\u0103 iconografic\u0103 din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> hindus\u0103. Ea este reprezentat\u0103 \u00een numeroase reliefuri templiere de pe subcontinent \u0219i din Asia de Sud-Est, printre care celebrele reliefuri de la Angkor Wat (Cambodgia, secolul al XII-lea), care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00eentreaga scen\u0103 pe o lungime de perete de peste 50 de metri.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire iconografic\u0103 demonstreaz\u0103 importan\u021ba fundamental\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitului<\/span> pentru cultura hindus\u0103 \u0219i hinduizat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Interpretarea teologic\u0103 a na\u0219terii lui Lakshmi din oceanul primordial a dob\u00e2ndit o specificitate proprie \u00een Sri-Vaishnavism. Ramanuja (sec. XI-XII) \u0219i Vedanta Desika (sec. XIV) au conceput-o pe Lakshmi drept Shakti existent\u0103 \u00een mod etern \u00een Vishnu, care nu a luat na\u0219tere abia \u00een momentul batoerii, ci a devenit vizibil\u0103 \u00een acel moment.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 doctrin\u0103 a zei\u021bei etern prezente, dar temporar ascunse, contrasteaz\u0103 cu viziunea religiei populare, care \u00een\u021belege na\u0219terea lui Lakshmi ca un proces cosmic real. Ambele perspective coexist\u0103 \u00een hinduismul modern \u0219i reflect\u0103 complexitatea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> hinduse.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-999feaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"999feaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-858422c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"858422c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simboluri \u0219i atribute<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bdecad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bdecad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atributul distinctiv al lui Lakshmi este floarea de lotus. Ea st\u0103 pe un lotus \u00eenflorit, \u021bine \u00een dou\u0103 m\u00e2ini flori de lotus, iar epitetul ei este Padma (&#8222;Lotus&#8221;) sau Kamala (&#8222;Lotus&#8221;).<\/p><p>Lotusul simbolizeaz\u0103 puritatea spiritual\u0103 care se \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 din noroiul lumii materiale f\u0103r\u0103 a fi murd\u0103rit\u0103 de acesta. Aceast\u0103 imagine se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cei mai puternici identificatori vizuali ai iconografiei hinduse.<\/p>\n<p>Ea este reprezentat\u0103 \u00een mod tipic cu patru bra\u021be. Dou\u0103 m\u00e2ini \u021bin flori de lotus, o a treia ofer\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Conferire de bun\u0103stare \u0219i protec\u021bie, adesea \u00een form\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 fix\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">binecuv\u00e2ntare<\/span> (varada-mudra), iar a patra \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tie monede de aur. Aceast\u0103 iconografie a monedelor \u00eei accentueaz\u0103 caracterul de d\u0103ruitoare a abunden\u021bei materiale. Ea poart\u0103 ve\u0219m\u00e2nt ro\u0219u, adesea brodat cu fir de aur, \u0219i podoabe bogate.<\/p>\n<p>\u00censo\u021bitorii ei sunt elefan\u021bi albi care vars\u0103 ap\u0103 asupra ei. Acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> al Gaja-Lakshmi (Lakshmi cu elefan\u021bi) este una dintre cele mai vechi forme de reprezentare, reg\u0103sit\u0103 deja pe reliefurile de la Bharhut \u0219i Sanchi (secolul I \u00ee.Hr.) \u0219i \u00een perioada dinastiei Maurya. Elefan\u021bii simbolizeaz\u0103 puterea regal\u0103 \u0219i ploaia, ambele condi\u021bii ale prosperit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Animalele ei de c\u0103l\u0103rie sau de \u00eenso\u021bire sunt bufni\u021ba (Ulukam) \u0219i elefantul. Bufni\u021ba este asociat\u0103 cu Lakshmi \u00eendeosebi \u00een Bengal. Aceast\u0103 asociere este neobi\u0219nuit\u0103, deoarece bufni\u021ba este \u00een general considerat\u0103 un simbol al nenorocului \u00een multe culturi. David Kinsley a ar\u0103tat \u00een &#8222;Hindu Goddesses&#8221; (1986) c\u0103 bufni\u021ba simbolizeaz\u0103 pentru Lakshmi veghea asupra bog\u0103\u021biei.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f5911d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f5911d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98dffac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98dffac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7fc9a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7fc9a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principala s\u0103rb\u0103toare a lui Lakshmi este Diwali (Sanskrit Dipavali, &#8222;noaptea luminilor&#8221;), celebrat\u0103 \u00een octombrie sau noiembrie. Casele sunt \u00eempodobite cu l\u0103mpi cu ulei pentru a o atrage pe Lakshmi, care ar intra doar \u00een locuin\u021be luminoase \u0219i curate.<\/p><p>Familiile s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219esc \u00een aceast\u0103 noapte Lakshmi-Puja, adesea \u00eenso\u021bite de contabili care supun registrele comerciale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Conferire de bun\u0103stare \u0219i protec\u021bie, adesea \u00een form\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 fix\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">binecuv\u00e2nt\u0103rii<\/span> zei\u021bei. \u00cen India de Vest, anul comercial \u00eencepe de Diwali.<\/p>\n<p>Cel mai important <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> Vishnu-Lakshmi este Sri Venkateshwara <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templu<\/span> din Tirumala (Andhra Pradesh, India de Sud). Este considerat cel mai vizitat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> din lume, cu aproximativ 50.000 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100.000 de pelerini zilnic.<\/p><p>Aici Vishnu este venerat ca Venkateshwara, iar Lakshmi ca Padmavati. De asemenea, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> Lakshminarayan din Delhi (construit \u00eentre 1933-1939) \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> Mahalaxmi din Mumbai se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai importante centre.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Sri-Vaishnavismul din India de Sud, tradi\u021bie sistematizat\u0103 \u00een secolele XI-XII de Ramanuja, Lakshmi nu este doar so\u021bia lui Vishnu, ci \u0219i mijlocitoare (Purushakara) \u00eentre om \u0219i divinitate. Scrierile Alvarilor (poe\u021bi bhakti-vishnu din India de Sud, sec. VI-IX) \u00eei adreseaz\u0103 multe imnuri direct lui Sri (Lakshmi) ca figur\u0103 de punte. Aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> a lui Lakshmi a \u00eentemeiat o \u0219coal\u0103 proprie \u00een cadrul vishnuismului.<\/p>\n<p>Venerarea popular\u0103 a lui Lakshmi include cinstirea &#8222;Celor opt Lakshmi&#8221; (Ashta-Lakshmi). Aceste opt manifest\u0103ri \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 diferite aspecte ale prosperit\u0103\u021bii: Adi-Lakshmi (prosperitatea originar\u0103), Dhana-Lakshmi (bog\u0103\u021bia \u00een bani), Dhanya-Lakshmi (bog\u0103\u021bia \u00een cereale), Gaja-Lakshmi (bog\u0103\u021bia \u00een animale \u0219i regalitate), Santana-Lakshmi (bog\u0103\u021bia \u00een copii), Vira-Lakshmi (bog\u0103\u021bia eroic\u0103), Vijaya-Lakshmi (bog\u0103\u021bia victoriei) \u0219i Vidya-Lakshmi (bog\u0103\u021bia cunoa\u0219terii).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b668cf3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b668cf3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f633d19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f633d19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mituri importante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6df4fb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6df4fb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mitul principal este na\u0219terea din Oceanul de Lapte (vezi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> \u0219i origine mai sus). O variant\u0103 important\u0103 a acestei nara\u021biuni despre na\u0219tere este transmis\u0103 de Vishnu Purana (1.9). Aici Lakshmi este introdus\u0103 ca fiic\u0103 a \u00een\u021beleptului Bhrigu \u0219i a so\u021biei sale Khyati.<\/p><p>Ea se \u00eencarneaz\u0103 din oceanul primordial, dup\u0103 ce mai \u00eenainte p\u0103r\u0103sise lumea din cauza <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Formul\u0103 verbal\u0103 prin care se urm\u0103re\u0219te cauzarea unui r\u0103u unei persoane sau unui lucru.\" tabindex=\"0\">blestemului<\/span> \u00een\u021beleptului Durvasa. Aceast\u0103 dublare narativ\u0103 (n\u0103scut\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori) explic\u0103 tradi\u021biile divergente.<\/p>\n<p>Un al doilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> central \u00eel constituie avatarele sale ca so\u021bii ale incarn\u0103rilor lui Vishnu. \u00cen Ramayana ea este Sita, so\u021bia lui Rama, n\u0103scut\u0103 dintr-un brazd\u0103 de plug. \u00cen Mahabharata ea este Rukmini, so\u021bia principal\u0103 a lui Krishna.<\/p><p>\u00cen alte nara\u021biuni despre avatare ea apare ca Padma (la avatarul Vamana al lui Vishnu), ca Dharani (la Parashurama) \u0219i \u00een alte forme. Aceast\u0103 \u00eempletire genealogic\u0103 cu fiecare incarnare a lui Vishnu subliniaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura indelebil\u0103 dintre cele dou\u0103 divinit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Un al treilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este \u00eendep\u0103rtarea lui Lakshmi de Indra. \u00cen Vishnu Purana (1.9) Lakshmi p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te cerul deoarece Indra a devenit arogant. Lumea s\u0103r\u0103ce\u0219te. Zeii agit\u0103 Oceanul de Lapte pentru a o rec\u00e2\u0219tiga. Aceast\u0103 poveste are o func\u021bie moral-parenetic\u0103: prosperitatea este un dar care presupune umilin\u021b\u0103; trufia o alung\u0103 pe Lakshmi.<\/p>\n<p>Un al patrulea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>, central \u00een tradi\u021bia Sri-Vaishnav\u0103, este Doshasringaranama: Lakshmi \u00eei ap\u0103r\u0103 pe oamenii p\u0103c\u0103to\u0219i \u00eenaintea lui Vishnu \u0219i mijloce\u0219te \u00eentre \u00eendurare \u0219i dreptate. Acest rol teologic este sistematic dezvoltat \u00een scrierile lui Ramanuja \u0219i ale lui Vedanta Desika (secolul al XIV-lea).<\/p>\n\n<p>Incarn\u0103rile-avatare ale lui Lakshmi ca so\u021bii ale incarn\u0103rilor lui Vishnu reprezint\u0103 un fenomen unic \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> hindus\u0103 comparat\u0103. \u00cen nicio alt\u0103 constela\u0163ie zeu-zei\u021b\u0103 din hinduism coresponden\u021ba genealogic\u0103 nu este at\u00e2t de complet\u0103. Sita la Rama, Rukmini la Krishna, Padma la Vamana, Dharani la Parashurama, pretutindeni Lakshmi \u00eel \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te pe so\u021bul s\u0103u prin toate incarn\u0103rile.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, aceast\u0103 coresponden\u021b\u0103 este un reflex al convingerii teologice c\u0103 Vishnu nu poate fi conceput f\u0103r\u0103 shakti-ul s\u0103u. \u00cen scrierile Sri-Vaishnav\u0103, mai ales \u00een \u201eVedarthasangraha&#8221; a lui Ramanuja \u0219i \u00een \u201eSri Stuti&#8221; a lui Vedanta Desika, aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> este elaborat\u0103.<\/p><p>Lakshmi nu este doar so\u021bia lui Vishnu, ci expresia sa esen\u021bial\u0103 de sine. F\u0103r\u0103 ea, Vishnu este sava, lipsit de via\u021b\u0103; f\u0103r\u0103 el, ea este haotic\u0103. Aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> complementar\u0103 a \u00eentemeiat \u00een Evul Mediu \u0219coli proprii, printre care curentele Vadakalai \u0219i Tenkalai ale Sri-Vaishnavismului, care se manifest\u0103 viu p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8db829b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8db829b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f56339b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f56339b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rela\u021bii \u00een panteon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e2a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26e2a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rela\u021bia principal\u0103 a lui Lakshmi este cea cu Vishnu. \u00cen toate avatarele lui Vishnu ea este so\u021bia sa: Sita la Rama, Rukmini la Krishna, Padma la Vamana, Dharani la Parashurama. Acest lan\u021b avatara este central \u00een tradi\u021bia Vishnu-Bhakti \u0219i este reprezentat \u00een numeroase reliefuri templiere.<\/p>\n<p>Sora ei (\u00een unele tradi\u021bii) este Alakshmi, personificarea nenorocului \u0219i a s\u0103r\u0103ciei. \u0218i Alakshmi s-a n\u0103scut din oceanul de lapte, \u00eenaintea lui Lakshmi.<\/p><p>Ea este reprezentat\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103rind un m\u0103gar, cu \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are degradat\u0103 \u0219i cu atribute nefavorabile. Venerarea lui Lakshmi implic\u0103 respingerea lui Alakshmi. De Diwali se aprinde o lamp\u0103 la intrarea casei pentru a o atrage pe Lakshmi \u0219i a o \u021bine la distan\u021b\u0103 pe Alakshmi.<\/p>\n<p>Rela\u021biile ei cu alte zei\u021be sunt complexe. Saraswati (cunoa\u0219terea) \u0219i Parvati (puterea) formeaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Lakshmi (prosperitatea) o constela\u021bie triadic\u0103 \u00een care sunt reprezentate cele trei aspecte cele mai importante ale vie\u021bii. Aceast\u0103 triad\u0103 este adesea interpretat\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia tantric\u0103 drept manifestare a marii zei\u021be unice (Mahadevi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5644a37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5644a37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a814339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a814339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare \u0219i influen\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb2267 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb2267\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen literatura clasic\u0103 sanscrit\u0103, Lakshmi este celebrat\u0103 \u00een numeroase Kavya (poezii artistice) \u0219i Mahakavya (epopei eroice). Kalidasa (probabil sec. IV sau V) \u00eei dedic\u0103 strofe \u00een mai multe opere. Literatura Bhakti medieval\u0103, \u00eendeosebi operele Alvarilor \u0219i ale lui Annamacharya (sec. XV), \u00eei confer\u0103 lui Lakshmi un loc central \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui ritual religios fixat.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturghie<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen arta plastic\u0103 a Indiei, Lakshmi este de la secolul I \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent una dintre cele mai frecvente reprezent\u0103ri divine. Perioada Maurya (sec. IV-II \u00ee.Hr.) produce reliefuri Gaja-Lakshmi, perioada Gupta (sec. IV-VI) aduce la maturitate forma clasic\u0103 cu lotus.<\/p><p>\u00cen arta bronzului Pallava \u0219i Chola din India de Sud, Lakshmi apare al\u0103turi de Vishnu pe \u0219arpele Adisesha. Aceast\u0103 iconografie a fost dezvoltat\u0103 ulterior prin arta cur\u021bii Mogule \u0219i prin arta de bazar a secolelor XIX-XX.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen societatea indian\u0103 modern\u0103, Lakshmi este omniprezent\u0103. Ea \u00eempodobe\u0219te bancnote, calendare \u0219i registre comerciale. Femeile indiene primesc adesea numele Lakshmi, ceea ce trimite direct la dorin\u021ba de prosperitate. B\u0103nci \u0219i societ\u0103\u021bi de asigur\u0103ri din India poart\u0103 numele Lakshmi sau al unuia dintre aspectele sale (Mahalakshmi, Padmavati).<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u00cen Occident, Lakshmi a devenit cunoscut\u0103 prin indologia sec. XIX-XX. Heinrich Zimmer i-a dedicat un capitol amplu \u00een &#8222;Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization&#8221; (1946). \u00cen spiritualitatea intercultural\u0103 contemporan\u0103, ea este adesea interpretat\u0103 ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> universal al abunden\u021bei.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4600d68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4600d68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dabcdab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dabcdab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b7b6df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b7b6df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>David Kinsley a \u00eencadrat-o pe Lakshmi \u00een lucrarea &#8222;Hindu Goddesses&#8221; (1986) ca paradigm\u0103 a zei\u021bei binevoitoare (saumya), \u00een contrast cu zei\u021bele r\u0103zboinice precum Durga sau Kali. Tr\u0103s\u0103turile sale de caracter sunt bl\u00e2nde\u021bea, frumuse\u021bea, d\u0103rnicia. Aceast\u0103 clasificare s-a impus \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 \u00een cercetare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva sociologiei religiei, Lakshmi reprezint\u0103 un exemplu-cheie pentru rela\u021bia dintre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> religios \u0219i comportamentul economic. Max Weber a analizat etica economic\u0103 hinduist\u0103 \u00een lucrarea &#8222;Hinduismus und Buddhismus&#8221; (1916-17), f\u0103r\u0103 a o trata specific pe Lakshmi. Cercet\u0103tori ulteriori precum C. J. Fuller \u00een &#8222;The Camphor Flame&#8221; (1992) au documentat cu precizie leg\u0103tura dintre venerarea lui Lakshmi \u0219i valorile comerciale din India.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen context teologic, Lakshmi este considerat\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia Sri-Vaishnav\u0103 so\u021bia etern\u0103 a lui Vishnu, co-regent\u0103 (sahacharee). Ea este Shakti (for\u021ba) \u0219i Aishvarya (st\u0103p\u00e2nirea) lui Vishnu; f\u0103r\u0103 ea, Vishnu este de neconceput.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Aceast\u0103 doctrin\u0103 teologic\u0103 a fost dezvoltat\u0103 sistematic de Ramanuja \u00een &#8222;Vedarthasangraha&#8221; (sec. XII) \u0219i de Vedanta Desika \u00een &#8222;Sri Stuti&#8221; (sec. XIV). Klaus Klostermaier a prezentat aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> \u00eentr-un mod accesibil \u00een &#8222;A Survey of Hinduism&#8221; (ed. a 3-a, 2007).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Pozi\u021bia sociologico-religioas\u0103 a lui Lakshmi este unic\u0103 \u00een hinduism. Ea \u00eembin\u0103 cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103 considera\u021bie teologic\u0103 cu o prezen\u021b\u0103 cuprinz\u0103toare \u00een religia popular\u0103. Oamenii de afaceri se roag\u0103 ei la inaugur\u0103ri, bancherii sfin\u021besc tranzac\u021biile invoc\u00e2nd numele ei, perechile de miri o invit\u0103 drept zei\u021b\u0103 ocrotitoare. Aceast\u0103 omniprezen\u021b\u0103 \u00een economie a determinat cercetarea s\u0103 o caracterizeze pe Lakshmi drept o zei\u021b\u0103 a clasei de mijloc hinduiste.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>C. J. Fuller a examinat \u00een &#8222;The Camphor Flame&#8221; (1992) str\u00e2nsa leg\u0103tur\u0103 dintre venerarea lui Lakshmi \u0219i identitatea comerciantului din sudul Indiei. B\u0103nci, companii de asigur\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eentreprinderi comerciale poart\u0103 numele lui Lakshmi, ceea ce a condus \u00een secolele XX \u0219i XXI la o veritabil\u0103 iconizare comercial\u0103 a zei\u021bei.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen tantrism, Lakshmi apare \u00een forme proprii. Textele Lakshmi-Tantra (aproximativ Lakshmi Tantra, sec. IX-XIII) apar\u021bin \u0219colii Pancharatra a vi\u0219nuismului \u0219i dezvolt\u0103 o complex\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> a lui Lakshmi, \u00een care zei\u021ba este conceput\u0103 ca for\u021b\u0103 motrice cosmic\u0103 a lui Vishnu.<\/p><p>Aceste texte au fost f\u0103cute accesibile \u00een mod sistematic cercet\u0103rii occidentale abia de Vasudha Narayanan \u0219i Sanjukta Gupta \u00een anii 1980 \u0219i 1990. Ele demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> lui Lakshmi nu reprezint\u0103 o simpl\u0103 figur\u0103 auxiliar\u0103 feminin\u0103 a lui Vishnu, ci o construc\u021bie metafizic\u0103 de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b5b7a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b5b7a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ede39d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ede39d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103 suplimentar\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f3093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f3093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Surse primare: Rig Veda cu Sri Sukta (aprox. 1500-1200 \u00ee.Hr.), Vishnu Purana Cartea 1, Capitolul 9 (aprox. sec. I-IV d.Hr.), Bhagavata Purana Cartea 8, Capitolul 8 (aprox. sec. IX-X), Mahabharata Adi Parva 18, Ramayana, operele Alvarilor (\u00een special Andal, Nammalvar).<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ramanuja &#8222;Vedarthasangraha&#8221; (sec. XII), Vedanta Desika &#8222;Sri Stuti&#8221; (sec. XIV). Traduceri \u00een englez\u0103: Vishnu Purana de Horace Hayman Wilson (1840, retip\u0103rire 1972), Bhagavata Purana de Edwin Bryant (2003).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103:<\/p><ul><li>David Kinsley &#8222;Hindu Goddesses&#8221; (1986).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wendy Doniger &#8222;Hindu Myths&#8221; (1975) \u0219i &#8222;The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology&#8221; (1976).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>C. J. Fuller &#8222;The Camphor Flame&#8221; (1992).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gavin Flood &#8222;An Introduction to Hinduism&#8221; (1996).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Madeleine Biardeau &#8222;Hinduism: The Anthropology of a Civilization&#8221; (1989).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Vasudha Narayanan &#8222;The Vernacular Veda&#8221; (1994).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lakshmi, zei\u021ba hindus\u0103 a norocului \u0219i prosperit\u0103\u021bii Lakshmi este zei\u021ba hindus\u0103 a norocului \u0219i a prosperit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i este considerat\u0103 so\u021bia lui Vishnu \u0219i simbol al abunden\u021bei. Lakshmi (Sanskrit Laksmi) este \u00een hinduism zei\u021ba prosperit\u0103\u021bii, norocului, frumuse\u021bii \u0219i fertilit\u0103\u021bii. Ea este so\u021bia lui Vishnu \u0219i este privit\u0103 ca tovar\u0103\u0219a sa statornic\u0103. \u00cen religia popular\u0103 hindus\u0103, Lakshmi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3227,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Lakshmi","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Lakshmi - Zei\u021ba norocului | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Lakshmi este zei\u021ba hindus\u0103 a bog\u0103\u021biei, norocului \u0219i frumuse\u021bii, so\u021bia lui Vishnu. 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