{"id":105619,"date":"2026-08-04T16:13:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tane-mahuta-zeul-padurilor-si-al-pasarilor-al-maorilor\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:13:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:13:40","slug":"tane-mahuta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tane-mahuta\/","title":{"rendered":"Tane Mahuta &#8211; Zeul p\u0103durilor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor al maorilor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105619\" class=\"elementor elementor-105619 elementor-2594\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tane Mahuta - Zeul maori al p\u0103durilor, al p\u0103s\u0103rilor \u0219i al separ\u0103rii aduc\u0103toare de lumin\u0103<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta, adesea numit simplu Tane, este considerat \u00een religia maori zeul p\u0103durilor, al p\u0103s\u0103rilor \u0219i al tuturor lumilor de via\u021b\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103durite.<\/p><p>Totodat\u0103, el este cel care, potrivit mitului central al crea\u021biei, l-a separat pe Ranginui, tat\u0103l ceresc, de Papatuanuku, mama p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, aduc\u00e2nd astfel lumina \u0219i spa\u021biul vital \u00een lume. Prezentarea de fa\u021b\u0103 descrie pozi\u021bia sa din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> polinezian, urmele sale iconografice \u0219i rolul s\u0103u \u00een via\u021ba ritual\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu al tradi\u021biei Polinezia \/ Maori.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/polinezian-maori\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei Polinezia \/ Maori.\">Polinezia \/ Maori<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Divinitate a p\u0103durii \u0219i a crea\u021biei.\">Divinitate a p\u0103durii \u0219i a crea\u021biei<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanemahuta-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123621\" alt=\"Tane Mahuta - zei din tradi\u021bia polineziano-maori, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u0101ne Mahuta este <strong>zeul maori<\/strong> al p\u0103durilor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-tane-mahuta elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-tane-mahuta\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u0101ne Mahuta, <strong>zeul maori al p\u0103durii<\/strong>, a separat \u00een nara\u021biunea crea\u021biei cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i a adus lumina \u00een lume.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u00een panteonul polinezian<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta face parte dintre Atua (zeii) centrali ai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea structurii \u0219i a ordinii lumii \u00een cadrul unei culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologiei<\/span> maori \u0219i corespunde \u00een func\u021bia sa unor figuri paralele polineziene precum Kane \u00een Hawai&#8217;i sau Tane \u00een Tahiti \u0219i \u00een Insulele Cook.<\/p><p>El este unul dintre fiii lui Ranginui (tat\u0103l ceresc) \u0219i ai Papatuanuku (mama p\u0103m\u00e2ntului) \u0219i este considerat fratele lui <a href=\"\/ro\/tangaroa\/\">Tangaroa<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/tu-matauenga\/\">Tu Matauenga<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/rongo\/\">Rongo<\/a>, Tawhirimatea (zeul furtunii) \u0219i Haumia-tiketike (zeul hranei s\u0103lbatice).<\/p><p>Spre deosebire de concep\u021biile monoteiste, Tane nu este o divinitate suprem\u0103 situat\u0103 deasupra tuturor, ci parte a unui edificiu divin policentric, \u00een care fiecare Atua acoper\u0103 un domeniu de competen\u021b\u0103 clar delimitat.<\/p><p>Margaret Orbell subliniaz\u0103 \u00een lucrarea sa de referin\u021b\u0103 <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995) c\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> maori nu este transmis\u0103 ca un sistem \u00eenchis, ci prime\u0219te accente proprii \u00een variante regionale \u0219i \u00een tradi\u021biile tribale.<\/p><p>Tane \u00eensu\u0219i apare sub epitete precum Tane-mahuta, Tane-te-wananga, Tane-nui-a-Rangi sau Tane-matua, \u00een func\u021bie de aria func\u021bional\u0103 predominant\u0103. Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, aceast\u0103 pluralitate a numelor este expresia unei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span>, nu o contradic\u021bie: ea define\u0219te un zeu prin rela\u021bii, ac\u021biuni \u0219i genealogii (whakapapa), nu printr-un singur atribut.<\/p><p>Patrick Kirch (<em>On the Road of the Winds<\/em>, 2000) arat\u0103 c\u0103 acest principiu este activ \u00een \u00eentreaga familie de religii austroneziene \u0219i poate fi urm\u0103rit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een istoria religioas\u0103 proto-austronezian\u00e3 de acum c\u00e2teva mii de ani.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, Tangaroa este astfel o figur\u0103 a c\u0103rei semnifica\u021bie se dezv\u0103luie numai \u00een contextul societ\u0103\u021bii insulare respective. \u00cen Aotearoa, o insul\u0103 cu p\u0103duri dense \u0219i o coast\u0103 \u00eentins\u0103, domin\u0103 rivalitatea dintre p\u0103dure (Tane) \u0219i mare (Tangaroa); \u00een Tahiti, un arhipelag vulcanic cu o religie marae pronun\u021bat\u0103, Tangaroa este creator.<\/p><p>Tu este astfel, \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> maori, Atua prin care se articuleaz\u0103 componenta uman\u0103 \u00een \u021bes\u0103tura divin\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 Tu nu ar exista \u201eomul-ca-agent&#8221; care poate interac\u021biona cu ceilal\u021bi Atua. Aceast\u0103 pozi\u021bie cosmologic\u0103 este transmis\u0103 din \u00eenregistr\u0103rile lui Te Rangikaheke \u0219i este central\u0103 \u00een filosofia religioas\u0103 maori modern\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i etimologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numele Tane \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een maori (te reo Maori) \u0219i \u00een limbile polineziene \u00eenrudite pur \u0219i simplu \u201eb\u0103rbat&#8221; sau \u201efiin\u021b\u0103 masculin\u0103&#8221;. Epitetul frecvent Mahuta este tradus prin \u201ea s\u0103ri \u00een sus&#8221;, \u201ea se ridica&#8221; \u0219i trimite la actul prin care a separat cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p><p>Varianta Tane-nui-a-Rangi poate fi redat\u0103 ca \u201eTane cel Mare, fiul lui Rangi&#8221;. Tane-te-wananga \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eTane al \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turii sacre&#8221;, Tane-mahuta \u201eTane al ridic\u0103rii&#8221;.<\/p><p>Bruce Biggs (<em>The Complete English-Maori Dictionary<\/em>, 1981) arat\u0103 c\u0103 lexemul tane este utilizat at\u00e2t \u00een contexte mitologice, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een limbajul cotidian. \u00cen contexte rituale apare frecvent \u00een expresia contopit\u0103 Tane-te-wananga &#8211; Tane ca p\u0103str\u0103tor al ansamblului de cuno\u0219tin\u021be, al wananga. Dubla semnifica\u021bie (\u201eb\u0103rbat&#8221; ca nume generic \u0219i \u201eTane&#8221; ca zeu) face numele neobi\u0219nuit de productiv.<\/p><p>Comunitatea lingvistic\u0103 polinezian\u0103 cunoa\u0219te rude ale teonimului pe insule \u00eendep\u0103rtate: Kane \u00een Hawai&#8217;i, Tane \u00een Tahiti, Kane sau Tane \u00een Marchize.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire lingvistic\u0103 este considerat\u0103 din punct de vedere lingvistic unul dintre argumentele \u00een favoarea unei tradi\u021bii mitice proto-polineziene comune, ale c\u0103rei r\u0103d\u0103cini trebuie s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 \u00een ultimul mileniu al erei vechi. Legile fonetice ale maori (t- p\u0103strat) \u0219i ale hawaiianei (transformarea t- \u00een k-) explic\u0103 varia\u021bia regional\u0103.<\/p><p>Anne Salmond subliniaz\u0103 \u00een <em>Aphrodite&#8217;s Island<\/em> (2009) c\u0103 cercetarea anglofon\u0103 din secolul al XIX-lea a comprimat adesea varia\u021biile regionale \u0219i a construit un \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> polinezian&#8221; unitar care nu a existat niciodat\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 form\u0103. Cercetarea lingvistic\u0103 din ultimii 50 de ani a corectat aceasta.<\/p><p>Denumirea genealogic\u0103 \u201eNga uri o Tu&#8221; (\u201eUrma\u0219ii lui Tu&#8221;) este vie ast\u0103zi \u00een limba public\u0103 maori: apare \u00een discursuri la hui (adun\u0103ri), \u00een tangihanga (ceremonii de doliu) \u0219i \u00een dispute politice, exprim\u00e2nd autoidentificarea maorilor ca o comunitate care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103, lupt\u0103 \u0219i supravie\u021buie\u0219te.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen artele plastice maori, Tane Mahuta nu apare \u00eentr-o form\u0103 canonic\u0103 fixat\u0103 \u00een mod unitar. Spre deosebire de tradi\u021bia plastic\u0103 greco-roman\u0103 clasic\u0103, religia polinesian\u00e3 nu cunoa\u0219te o statuaristic\u0103 antropomorf\u0103 permanent\u0103 care s\u0103 fixeze un zeu \u00eentr-o form\u0103 canonic\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen locul acesteia, sculpturile (whakairo) de pe casele de adunare (whare whakairo), de pe proele \u0219i pupele canoeuri \u0219i de pe incintele marae sunt condens\u0103ri simbolice.<\/p><p>Tane este sugerat \u00een astfel de sculpturi frecvent prin ochi mari \u0219i deschi\u0219i, o limb\u0103 proiectat\u0103 \u00eenainte \u0219i membre stilizate \u00een form\u0103 de spiral\u0103, care indic\u0103 pozi\u021bia sa \u00eentre cer \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p><p>Roger Neich (<em>Painted Histories<\/em>, 1993) descrie cum atelierele regionale utilizau coduri diferite. \u00cen sens mai larg, orice copac mare, \u00een special kauri-ul monumental (Agathis australis), este considerat trupul vizibil al lui Tane.<\/p><p>Celebrul kauri din p\u0103durea Waipoua, al c\u0103rui nume propriu este exact \u201eTane Mahuta&#8221;, este materializarea iconografic\u0103 a zeului \u00eensu\u0219i. Are peste 50 de metri \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, peste 13 metri \u00een circumferin\u021ba trunchiului, iar v\u00e2rsta sa este estimat\u0103 \u00eentre 1500 \u0219i 2500 de ani.<\/p><p>\u00cen imaginile orale, Tane este adesea descris ca un b\u0103rbat drept, ridicat, care \u00eempinge cu umerii \u0219i cu picioarele cerul \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2ntul unul fa\u021b\u0103 de altul, \u00een timp ce Ranginui r\u0103m\u00e2ne cu r\u0103ni s\u00e2nger\u00e2nde \u0219i Papatuanuku jele\u0219te sub el. Astfel de imagini se reg\u0103sesc deopotriv\u0103 \u00een karakia transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i \u00een poezia maori modern\u0103.<\/p><p>Simbolic, Tangaroa este sugerat \u0219i prin motivul cochiliei de nautilus \u0219i prin anumite forme de spiral\u0103 (koru) \u00een arta maori. Spirala koru trimite la rularea valului \u0219i la desf\u0103\u0219urarea algelor. \u00cen lucr\u0103rile moderne de bijuterie maori \u0219i \u00een tatuaje, aceste motive sunt \u00een continuare vii \u0219i transport\u0103 referin\u021ba la Tangaroa \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen tatuajele moderne (ta moko), motivele lui Tu sunt frecvente: spirale (koru) \u00een aranjamente dense, linii ascu\u021bite, simbolistic\u0103 accentuat\u0103 a ochilor. Tradi\u021bia ta moko, care era aproape stins\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, a re\u00eenviat din anii 1990 \u0219i con\u021bine referin\u021be explicite la Tu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitul separ\u0103rii cerului de p\u0103m\u00e2nt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nara\u021biunea central\u0103 despre Tane Mahuta este separarea p\u0103rin\u021bilor lumii primordiale.<\/p><p>Potrivit relat\u0103rii pe care istoricul maori Te Rangikaheke a consemnat-o \u00een secolul al XIX-lea \u0219i care a p\u0103truns \u00een discursul european prin Sir George Grey \u00een <em>Polynesian Mythology<\/em> (1854), Ranginui \u0219i Papatuanuku se aflau ini\u021bial str\u00e2ns \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219a\u021bi. Copiii lor trebuiau s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 \u00een \u00eentuneric deplin \u00eentre ei.<\/p><p>Fiii s-au sf\u0103tuit dac\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eei ucid\u0103 sau s\u0103 \u00eei separe pe p\u0103rin\u021bii lor. <a href=\"\/ro\/tu-matauenga\/\">Tu Matauenga<\/a>, zeul r\u0103zboiului, a vorbit \u00een favoarea uciderii. Tane Mahuta s-a opus \u0219i a c\u00e2\u0219tigat.<\/p><p>Mai mul\u021bi fii au \u00eencercat f\u0103r\u0103 succes s\u0103 ridice cerul de pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Doar lui Tane i-a reu\u0219it: s-a dat cu capul \u00een jos, a \u00eempins cerul cu picioarele \u0219i l-a \u00een\u0103l\u021bat. Astfel a luat na\u0219tere Te Ao Marama, lumea luminii.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este un mit clasic al separ\u0103rii, pe care Mircea Eliade \u00eel descrie ca tip \u00een <em>Die Sch\u00f6pfungsmythen<\/em> (1976). El explic\u0103 lumea \u0219i legitimeaz\u0103 totodat\u0103 existen\u021ba cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i a recunoa\u0219terii. Abia separarea creeaz\u0103 spa\u021biul \u00een care pot avea loc actele de crea\u021bie ulterioare.<\/p><p>P\u0103rin\u021bii nu r\u0103m\u00e2n neafecta\u021bi: Ranginui pl\u00e2nge p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ziua de azi &#8211; ploaia sunt lacrimile sale, cea\u021ba de diminea\u021b\u0103 este suflul Papatuanukui, care se ridic\u0103 spre el. Aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 poetic\u0103 dintre fenomenul meteorologic \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este ancorat\u0103 viu \u00een limba maori.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tane ca f\u0103uritor al primei femei \u0219i al omenirii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O a doua nara\u021biune central\u0103 despre Tane poveste\u0219te cum Tane pl\u0103smuie\u0219te prima femeie. Dup\u0103 mai multe uniri nereu\u0219ite cu fiin\u021be non-umane &#8211; izvoare, pietre, copaci &#8211; Tane modeleaz\u0103 din lut ro\u0219u (one) pe plaja de la Kurawaka prima femeie, Hineahuone (\u201efemeia format\u0103 din p\u0103m\u00e2nt&#8221;).<\/p><p>Din unirea sa cu Tane se na\u0219te Hinetitama, figura zorilor, care, dup\u0103 descoperirea originii sale, coboar\u0103 \u00een lumea de dedesubt \u0219i devine acolo <a href=\"\/ro\/hina\/\">Hine-nui-te-po<\/a>, marea femeie a nop\u021bii.<\/p><p>Te Rangihiroa (Sir Peter Buck) interpreteaz\u0103 \u00een <em>The Coming of the Maori<\/em> (1949) aceast\u0103 secven\u021b\u0103 ca stabilire ritual\u0103 a ordinii de gen \u0219i a mortalit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p><p>Tane reprezint\u0103 un act de crea\u021bie \u0219i ancoreaz\u0103 totodat\u0103 tensiunea dintre zi \u0219i noapte, via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i moarte, \u00een antropologia maori. Lutul de la Kurawaka este \u0219i ast\u0103zi un loc comemorat \u00een multe Iwi.<\/p><p>Nara\u021biunea a fost prelucrat\u0103 \u00een detaliu din perspectiv\u0103 tribal\u0103 de Anne Salmond (<em>Two Worlds<\/em>, 1991) \u0219i Judith Binney (<em>Encircled Lands<\/em>, 2009).<\/p><p>Ele atrag aten\u021bia c\u0103 nara\u021biunea Tane-Hineahuone nu trebuie \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 gre\u0219it ca un \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> p\u0103g\u00e2n al c\u0103derii \u00een p\u0103cat&#8221;, a\u0219a cum au \u00eencercat misionarii cre\u0219tini din secolul al XIX-lea. Ea este o afirma\u021bie teologic\u0103 autonom\u0103 despre rela\u021bia oamenilor cu p\u0103m\u00e2ntul din care sunt literalmente pl\u0103smuite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tane ca aduc\u0103tor al celor trei co\u0219uri ale cunoa\u0219terii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O alt\u0103 nara\u021biune descrie cum Tane aduce cele trei co\u0219uri ale cunoa\u0219terii (nga kete o te wananga) din cerul suprem.<\/p><p>El urc\u0103 prin cele dou\u0103sprezece ceruri, dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te paznici \u0219i probe \u0219i se \u00eentoarce cu cunoa\u0219terea: te kete tuauri (cunoa\u0219terea sacr\u0103), te kete tuatea (cunoa\u0219terea lumeasc\u0103) \u0219i te kete aronui (cunoa\u0219terea cotidian\u0103 vizibil\u0103). Se adaug\u0103 dou\u0103 pietre care \u00eendeplinesc func\u021bia unei pece\u021bi.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune \u00eentemeiaz\u0103 o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> a cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i legitimeaz\u0103 totodat\u0103 institu\u021bia istoric\u0103 a wananga, \u0219coala de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tur\u0103. Universit\u0103\u021bi maori precum Te Whare Wananga o Awanuiarangi preiau termenul p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent \u00een denumirea lor.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivul<\/span> corespunde r\u0103sp\u00e2nditului <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> al aduc\u0103torului de cultur\u0103 care coboar\u0103 cunoa\u0219terea cereasc\u0103 pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt &#8211; comparabil cu Prometeu sau cu Odin din mitologia germanic\u0103.<\/p><p>Profunzimea cosmologic\u0103 a acestui motiv const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021ba este transmis\u0103 printr-o mediere ritualizat\u0103 \u0219i nu este accesibil\u0103 \u00een mod arbitrar. Cel care fusese ini\u021biat \u00een wananga se supunea unor reguli tapu stricte.<\/p><p>Elsdon Best (<em>The Maori School of Learning<\/em>, 1923) descrie aceste structuri \u00een detaliu. \u0218i aici se manifest\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103tura caracteristic\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> maori: cunoa\u0219terea este \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat\u0103 \u00een rela\u021bie, nu \u00een teorie abstract\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult, ritualuri \u0219i tapu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cultul<\/span> lui Tane nu este caracterizat de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> centrale sau de un colegiu sacerdotal, cum a dezvoltat par\u021bial lumea insular\u0103 polinesian\u00e3 \u00een sens restr\u00e2ns (Tahiti, Hawai&#8217;i). \u00cen Aotearoa (Noua Zeeland\u0103), venerarea lui Tane are loc \u00een primul r\u00e2nd \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu p\u0103durea, lumea p\u0103s\u0103rilor \u0219i construc\u021bia de edificii.<\/p><p>Cel care t\u0103ia un copac &#8211; de pild\u0103 pentru o canoe (waka), o cas\u0103 de adunare sau un st\u00e2lp &#8211; trebuia s\u0103 efectueze \u00een prealabil karakia (rug\u0103ciunile) \u0219i ritualurile necesare, pentru a cere permisiunea lui Tane \u0219i a ridica tabu-ul (tapu) asupra copacului.<\/p><p>Elsdon Best descrie \u00een <em>Forest Lore of the Maori<\/em> (1942) \u00een detaliu ritualurile legate de p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i copaci. V\u00e2n\u0103torii de p\u0103s\u0103ri se purificau \u0219i rosteau karakia pentru a nu ofensa lumea p\u0103s\u0103rilor lui Tane.<\/p><p>La inaugurarea unei noi case de adunare, un karakia adresat lui Tane r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u0219i ast\u0103zi parte a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune solemn\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 dup\u0103 reguli fixe.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremoniei<\/span>. Aceast\u0103 practic\u0103 a supravie\u021buit \u00een ciuda misionariz\u0103rii din secolul al XIX-lea \u0219i a fost \u00eent\u0103rit\u0103 din nou \u00een cadrul rena\u0219terii maori \u00eencep\u00e2nd din anii 1970.<\/p><p>\u00cen via\u021ba public\u0103 modern\u0103 a Aotearoai, karakia adresate lui Tane sunt prezente \u00een mod regulat la plant\u0103ri de copaci, la inaugurarea de cl\u0103diri noi \u0219i la activit\u0103\u021bi de conservare a naturii. Ele sunt rostite de tohunga (speciali\u0219ti) sau de kaumatua (b\u0103tr\u00e2ni cu autoritate) \u0219i nu sunt nici un adaos folcloric, nici o practic\u0103 de antic\u0103rie, ci o religie vie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradi\u021bii de protec\u021bie \u0219i referin\u021be apotropaice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen religia maori nu exist\u0103 un sistem apotropaic bine delimitat precum conceptul mediteranean al deochiului. Ac\u021biunile de protec\u021bie sunt integrate \u00een sistemul cuprinz\u0103tor al tapu (tabu), noa (liber, laic), mauri (for\u021ba vital\u0103) \u0219i mana (autoritate spiritual-social\u0103).<\/p><p>Tane este invocat \u00een astfel de ac\u021biuni atunci c\u00e2nd este vorba de protec\u021bie \u00een p\u0103dure, \u00een timpul c\u0103l\u0103toriei prin \u021binuturi necunoscute sau la ridicarea de construc\u021bii.<\/p><p>Obiectele de protec\u021bie sunt adesea figuri din lemn (tiki), sculpturi pe st\u00e2lpi sau la intrarea unei case, precum \u0219i amulete din pounamu (piatr\u0103 verde), <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">sfin\u021bite<\/span> \u00een numele lui Tane.<\/p><p>Hirini Moko Mead descrie \u00een <em>Tikanga Maori<\/em> (2003) categorizarea unor astfel de practici. Esen\u021bial este: este vorba de \u00eentre\u021binerea ritual\u0103 a unei rela\u021bii \u00een\u021belese ca vie \u00eentre om \u0219i Atua, nu de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> \u00een sens modern.<\/p><p>Cel care intr\u0103 \u00een p\u0103dure &#8211; pentru v\u00e2n\u0103toare, pentru cules de lemne, pentru drume\u021bie &#8211; poate rosti un scurt karakia adresat lui Tane, care cere permisiunea \u0219i \u00een acela\u0219i timp ascute propria vigilen\u021b\u0103. Aceast\u0103 practic\u0103 este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u0219i printre locuitorii Aotearoai f\u0103r\u0103 orientare religioas\u0103, adesea mai degrab\u0103 ca practic\u0103 cultural\u0103 dec\u00e2t ca m\u0103rturisire religioas\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta poate fi pus \u00een rela\u021bie comparativ-religioas\u0103 cu mai multe figuri. \u00cen spa\u021biul polinezian \u00eei corespunde hawaiianul Kane, cu care se suprapune \u0219i \u00een mitul crea\u021biei. <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940) a lui Beckwith prezint\u0103 paralelele \u00een detaliu. \u00cen Tahiti, Tane este fratele lui Ta&#8217;aroa \u0219i \u00eemparte func\u021bii cu Atea.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere fenomenologic-religios, Tane poate fi comparat cu zei ai separ\u0103rii precum Shu egipteanul, care \u00eempinge \u0219i el cerul (Nut) de p\u0103m\u00e2nt (Geb). \u0218i Enuma Eli\u0219 babiloniean cunoa\u0219te un act similar de separare, atunci c\u00e2nd Marduk \u00eel despic\u0103 pe Tiamat.<\/p><p>Astfel de paralele trebuie citite nu ca dependen\u021be istorice, ci ca r\u0103spunsuri ap\u0103rute independent la aceea\u0219i \u00eentrebare cosmologic\u0103: Cum a putut lua na\u0219tere o lume ordonat\u0103 dintr-o lume primordial\u0103 nediferen\u021biat\u0103?<\/p><p>Compar\u00e2nd pe Tane ca zeu al p\u0103durii \u0219i al copacilor, apar paralele cu celticul Cernunnos, cu slavicul Veles, cu conceptul amerindian al \u201eTree People&#8221; \u0219i cu Yggdrasil \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> nordic\u0103. Eliade \u0219i ulterior Joseph Campbell au sistematizat astfel de paralele ca \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivul<\/span> arborelui lumii&#8221;.<\/p><p>Important este \u00eens\u0103 specificul polinezian: Tane este zeul care ridic\u0103 \u0219i \u00eengrije\u0219te arborele lumii, nu arborele lumii \u00eensu\u0219i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recep\u021bie, cercetare \u0219i semnifica\u021bie actual\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tane Mahuta face ast\u0103zi parte din rena\u0219terea maori, care influen\u021beaz\u0103 via\u021ba public\u0103 a Aotearoai din anii 1970. Kauri-ul \u201eTane Mahuta&#8221; din p\u0103durea Waipoua este un loc de pelerinaj de importan\u021b\u0103 na\u021bional\u0103.<\/p><p>Campaniile de protec\u021bie a naturii \u00eempotriva bolii Kauri-Dieback invoc\u0103 protec\u021bia lui Tane ca imperativ religios \u0219i ecologic. Anne Salmond arat\u0103 \u00een <em>Tears of Rangi<\/em> (2017) cum Tane ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een dezbaterile ecopolitice contemporane ca referin\u021b\u0103 cosmologic\u0103.<\/p><p>Cercetarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 (Orbell, Salmond, Mead, Best) a documentat sistematic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span>. Totodat\u0103, cercet\u0103tori maori precum Hirini Mead subliniaz\u0103 necesitatea ca Iwi \u0219i Hapu s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 ele \u00eensele despre tradi\u021biile lor, \u00een loc s\u0103 fie doar obiect al descrierii academice. Tane Mahuta este astfel un exemplu de religie vie, care este \u00een acela\u0219i timp obiect \u0219i subiect al cercet\u0103rii.<\/p><p>Leg\u0103turile cu <a href=\"\/ro\/polinezian-maori\/\">panteonul polinezian-maori \u00een ansamblu<\/a> r\u0103m\u00e2n centrale \u00een acest context. Cercetarea s-a dezvoltat de la logica anterioar\u0103 de colectare \u0219i categorizare (Best, Grey) spre o etnografie religioas\u0103 dialogic\u0103, care recunoa\u0219te autorit\u0103\u021bile maori ca parteneri de dialog cu drepturi egale. \u00cen acest context, Tane Mahuta r\u0103m\u00e2ne un punct de referin\u021b\u0103 viu pentru religie, ecologie \u0219i identitate cultural\u0103 \u00een Aotearoa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp266ff0e4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp266ff0e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ba79adc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ba79adc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Separarea lui Rangi \u0219i Papa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27a00366 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp27a00366\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b174c87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b174c87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nara\u021biunea central\u0103 \u00een care T\u0101ne joac\u0103 un rol decisiv este separarea p\u0103rin\u021bilor lumii primordiale \u00een cosmogonia maori. <em>Ranginui<\/em>, tat\u0103l ceresc, \u0219i <em>Papat\u016b\u0101nuku<\/em>, mama p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, se afl\u0103 str\u00e2n\u0219i \u00een \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219are, iar \u00eentre trupurile lor, \u00eenchi\u0219i, copiii lor tr\u0103iesc \u00een \u00eentuneric \u0219i \u00eengustoare.<\/p><p>Fiii se sf\u0103tuiesc cum s\u0103 ias\u0103 din aceast\u0103 stare. Unii vor s\u0103 \u00eei ucid\u0103 pe p\u0103rin\u021bi, dar T\u0101ne se impune cu propunerea de a-i separa.<\/p><p>Mai mul\u021bi dintre fra\u021bi \u00eencearc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 succes s\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rteze cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt. T\u0101ne reu\u0219e\u0219te \u00een cele din urm\u0103: se \u00eentinde pe spate \u00een loc s\u0103 se sprijine pe bra\u021be \u0219i \u00eempinge cu picioarele.<\/p><p>\u00cencet, Ranginui cedeaz\u0103 spre \u00eenalt, Papat\u016b\u0101nuku r\u0103m\u00e2ne jos, iar \u00een spa\u021biul astfel creat se revars\u0103 lumina, <em>te ao m\u0101rama<\/em>, lumea luminii. Acest act \u00eel face pe T\u0101ne figura care deschide pentru prima oar\u0103 spa\u021biul vital al oamenilor.<\/p><p>Nara\u021biunea a fost consemnat\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea de mai mul\u021bi culeg\u0103tori, cel mai influent de George Grey \u00een <em>Nga Mahi a nga Tupuna<\/em> \u0219i \u00een versiunea englez\u0103 <em>Polynesian Mythology<\/em> (1855), precum \u0219i mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een \u00eenregistr\u0103rile care provin de la tohunga Te Matorohanga \u0219i au fost editate de S. Percy Smith. Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific este remarcabil c\u0103 separarea nu este narat\u0103 ca o simpl\u0103 eliberare: Ranginui \u0219i Papat\u016b\u0101nuku se jelesc unul dup\u0103 altul, roua este considerat\u0103 lacrimile cerului, cea\u021ba care se ridic\u0103 este dorul p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. Actul lui T\u0101ne este astfel deopotriv\u0103 crea\u021bie \u0219i o ruptur\u0103 irevocabil\u0103. Fratele s\u0103u <a href=\"\/ro\/tangaroa\/\">Tangaroa<\/a> se retrage \u00een mare, distribuind astfel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> marile domenii ale naturii \u00eentre fra\u021bi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d3b913 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26d3b913\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp293d6b4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp293d6b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u0101ne aduce cele trei co\u0219uri ale cunoa\u0219terii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2be7099a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2be7099a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20a574d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20a574d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O alt\u0103 nara\u021biune important\u0103 despre T\u0101ne, deosebit de bine conturat\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> coastei de est a Insulei de Nord, descrie urcu\u0219ul s\u0103u spre cerul suprem pentru a aduce <em>ng\u0101 kete o te w\u0101nanga<\/em>, co\u0219urile cunoa\u0219terii.<\/p><p>Potrivit acestei tradi\u021bii, legat\u0103 de cercul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tur\u0103 din jurul lui Te Matorohanga \u0219i de scrierile din <em>The Lore of the Whare-w\u0101nanga<\/em>, T\u0101ne urc\u0103 prin cerurile suprapuse p\u00e2n\u0103 la cel mai \u00eenalt nivel, unde locuie\u0219te fiin\u021ba suprem\u0103 <em>Io<\/em>.<\/p><p>Acolo prime\u0219te trei co\u0219uri: <em>te kete tuauri<\/em>, <em>te kete tuatea<\/em> \u0219i <em>te kete aronui<\/em>, c\u0103rora le sunt asociate domenii diferite ale cunoa\u0219terii, de la cunoa\u0219terea ritual\u0103 \u0219i cosmic\u0103, la cunoa\u0219terea d\u0103un\u0103toare \u0219i la cea care serve\u0219te oamenilor \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103.<\/p><p>T\u0101ne coboar\u0103 co\u0219urile, \u0219i odat\u0103 cu ele cunoa\u0219terea ordonat\u0103 ajunge \u00een lume. Unele versiuni adaug\u0103 \u00een plus dou\u0103 pietre sacre.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune este deosebit de delicat\u0103 din punct de vedere critic-al surselor. Tradi\u021bia lui Io \u0219i episodul co\u0219urilor au fost fixate \u00een scris t\u00e2rziu \u0219i \u00eentr-un cadru regional limitat, iar de la lucr\u0103rile lui Jonathan Z. Smith \u0219i \u00een cercetarea neozeelandez\u0103 la Bronwyn Elsmore \u0219i al\u021bii se discut\u0103 c\u00e2t de puternic a influen\u021bat cre\u0219tinismul aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bie<\/span>. O divinitate suprem\u0103 Io, situat\u0103 deasupra celorlal\u021bi zei, ar putea fi par\u021bial o reac\u021bie la cre\u0219tinism, par\u021bial o doctrin\u0103 ezoteric\u0103 mai veche a tohunga. Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, episodul r\u0103m\u00e2ne important, deoarece \u00eel transform\u0103 pe T\u0101ne, dincolo de rolul de separator, \u00een mijlocitor al cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i \u00eel plaseaz\u0103 \u00een centrul tradi\u021biei educa\u021bionale a <em>whare w\u0101nanga<\/em>, casele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tur\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2da2f286 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2da2f286\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2125d336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2125d336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kauri-ul T\u0101ne Mahuta din p\u0103durea Waipoua<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27138393 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp27138393\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp266231a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp266231a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Epitetul <em>Mahuta<\/em> leag\u0103 zeul str\u00e2ns de p\u0103dure \u0219i de copacii s\u0103i, iar \u00een prezent aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 s-a condensat \u00eentr-un loc concret.<\/p><p>\u00cen p\u0103durea Waipoua din nordul Insulei de Nord se afl\u0103 un kauri uria\u0219, <em>Agathis australis<\/em>, care poart\u0103 numele T\u0101ne Mahuta \u0219i este considerat cel mai mare kauri viu cunoscut. V\u00e2rsta sa este estimat\u0103 la multe secole, datele precise fiind nesigure din lipsa unei dat\u0103ri nedistructive.<\/p><p>Pentru maori, \u00een special pentru Iwi local\u0103 Te Roroa, copacul este mult mai mult dec\u00e2t un simplu monument natural: el este expresia prezen\u021bei continue a lui T\u0101ne ca <em>atua<\/em> al p\u0103durii \u0219i al tuturor vie\u021buitoarelor sale.<\/p><p>\u00cen cosmogonie, T\u0101ne este tat\u0103l copacilor, p\u0103s\u0103rilor \u0219i insectelor; un kauri vechi exprim\u0103 \u00een mod elocvent aceast\u0103 rudenie. Vizitatorii sunt ruga\u021bi s\u0103 se apropie de copac cu respect, iar saluturile rituale sunt obi\u0219nuite.<\/p><p>\u00cen ultimii ani, T\u0101ne Mahuta a devenit totodat\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al unei crize ecologice. Boala Kauri-Dieback, provocat\u0103 de agentul patogen <em>Phytophthora agathidicida<\/em>, amenin\u021b\u0103 popula\u021biile de kauri din Noua Zeeland\u0103. Pentru protec\u021bie, c\u0103ile din p\u0103durea Waipoua au fost echipate cu sta\u021bii de dezinfec\u021bie, iar Te Roroa \u0219i institu\u021biile de stat lucreaz\u0103 la m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie. Copacul reune\u0219te astfel trei niveluri: figura mitic\u0103 a zeului p\u0103durii, leg\u0103tura cultural\u0103 a unei anumite Iwi cu un loc anume \u0219i o dezbatere contemporan\u0103 privind conservarea naturii. Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific se arat\u0103 astfel cum un zeu cosmogonic r\u0103m\u00e2ne perceptibil \u00een prezent la o fiin\u021b\u0103 vie real\u0103 \u0219i amenin\u021bat\u0103 \u0219i cum concep\u021biile tradi\u021bionale de <em>kaitiakitanga<\/em>, de supraveghere a naturii, se manifest\u0103 \u00een protec\u021bia modern\u0103 a mediului.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Margaret Orbell: <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995)<\/li><li>Sir George Grey: <em>Polynesian Mythology<\/em> (1854)<\/li><li>Elsdon Best: <em>Forest Lore of the Maori<\/em> (1942)<\/li><li>Te Rangihiroa (Peter Buck): <em>The Coming of the Maori<\/em> (1949)<\/li><li>Anne Salmond: <em>Tears of Rangi<\/em> (2017)<\/li><li>Hirini Moko Mead: <em>Tikanga Maori<\/em> (2003)<\/li><li>Roger Neich: <em>Painted Histories<\/em> (1993)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanemahuta-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> maori, Tane Mahuta reprezint\u0103 separarea <em>aduc\u0103toare de lumin\u0103<\/em> a tat\u0103lui ceresc Ranginui de mama p\u0103m\u00e2ntului Papatuanuku, prin care au putut lua na\u0219tere lumina zilei, p\u0103durea \u0219i lumea p\u0103s\u0103rilor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Tane Mahuta maori zeul p\u0103durii kauri Waipoua wananga Ranginui Papatuanuku.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tane-mahuta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0219i tradi\u021biile de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/polinezian-maori\/\">Polineziei \/ Maori<\/a> \u0219i a multor alte culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanemahuta-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanemahuta-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te un tratament medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tane Mahuta &#8211; Zeul maori al p\u0103durilor, al p\u0103s\u0103rilor \u0219i al separ\u0103rii aduc\u0103toare de lumin\u0103 Tane Mahuta, adesea numit simplu Tane, este considerat \u00een religia maori zeul p\u0103durilor, al p\u0103s\u0103rilor \u0219i al tuturor lumilor de via\u021b\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103durite. Totodat\u0103, el este cel care, potrivit mitului central al crea\u021biei, l-a separat pe Ranginui, tat\u0103l ceresc, de Papatuanuku, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2715,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tane Mahuta maori","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tane Mahuta - Zeul maori al p\u0103durii, mit \u0219i cult","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tane Mahuta este \u00een religia maori zeul p\u0103durilor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor, cel care a separat cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"polynesisch-maori","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105619","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tane Mahuta - Zeul maori al p\u0103durii, mit \u0219i cult<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tane Mahuta este \u00een religia maori zeul p\u0103durilor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor, cel care a separat cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tane-mahuta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tane Mahuta - Zeul p\u0103durilor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor al maorilor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tane Mahuta este \u00een religia maori zeul p\u0103durilor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor, cel care a separat cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tane-mahuta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T16:13:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"20 de minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tane Mahuta - Zeul maori al p\u0103durii, mit \u0219i cult\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:13:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:13:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"Tane Mahuta este \u00een religia maori zeul p\u0103durilor \u0219i al p\u0103s\u0103rilor, cel care a separat cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tane-mahuta.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Zei din tradi\u021bia polineziano-maori.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tane-mahuta\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tane Mahuta &#8211; 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