{"id":105587,"date":"2026-08-04T16:10:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tanit-zeita-suprema-a-cartaginei\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:10:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:10:33","slug":"tanit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/","title":{"rendered":"Tanit &#8211; Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105587\" class=\"elementor elementor-105587 elementor-2627\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tanit, zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 punico-cartagineza \u0219i \"Pene Baal\"<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit (punic\u0103 <em>tnt<\/em>) este suprema <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> feminin\u0103 a Cartaginei punice \u0219i a coloniilor sale. Ea apare \u00een mod regulat \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> \u0219i poart\u0103 titlul <em>pene Ba\u02bfal<\/em> (&#8216;fa\u021ba lui Baal&#8217;). Stelele cu &#8216;semnul-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al m\u00e2inii&#8217; din tofet reprezint\u0103 unul dintre cele mai caracteristice semne figurative ale religiei punice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zei\u021b\u0103 a tradi\u021biei feniciene.\">Zei\u021b\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei feniciene.\">Fenician\u0103<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 de stat.\">Zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 de stat<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanit-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanit-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanit-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123654\" alt=\"Tanit - zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-tanit elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-tanit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit este zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 <strong>punico-cartagineza<\/strong> \u0219i consoarta lui Baal-Hammon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u0219i profil succint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit este o zei\u021b\u0103 cu atestare redus\u0103 \u00een patria fenician\u0103, care \u00een Cartagina \u0219i \u00een coloniile punice din Mediterana occidental\u0103 a ajuns s\u0103 fie una dintre cele mai importante divinit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p><p>Maria Eugenia Aubet a demonstrat \u00een <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) c\u0103 Tanit a devenit zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 la Cartagina abia \u00een secolul al V-lea \u00ee.Hr. \u00cen cadrul <a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\">tradi\u021biei feniciene<\/a>, ea reprezint\u0103 astfel o dezvoltare specific occidental\u0103.<\/p><p>Sabatino Moscati a descris detaliat \u00een <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (1966) \u0219i \u00een numeroase studii ulterioare religia specific cartaginez\u0103 cu Tanit ca divinitate de v\u00e2rf. Ea apare \u00een stelele din Tophet (\u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103ri de sugari cu inscrip\u021bii votive) \u00eenaintea lui <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a>, ceea ce subliniaz\u0103 pozi\u021bia ei de principal\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 protectoare a familiei \u0219i a statului punic.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, Tanit reprezint\u0103 tipul zei\u021bei de stat, care apare \u00een mai multe culturi mediteraneene (cf. <a href=\"\/ro\/hebat\/\">Hebat<\/a> la hiti\u021bi, <a href=\"\/ro\/astarte\/\">Astarte<\/a> \u00een Fenicia, Roma la Roma). Rela\u021bia sa cu <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\">Baal-Hammon<\/a> ca so\u021b sau companion reprezint\u0103 cea mai important\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 teologic\u0103. Cei doi formeaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 perechea divin\u0103 suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei.<\/p><p>O \u00eentrebare interesant\u0103 a cercet\u0103rii prive\u0219te posibila preistorie a lui Tanit \u00een patria fenician\u0103. Atest\u0103ri izolate din Sarepta \u0219i Sidon sugereaz\u0103 existen\u021ba unei zei\u021be predecesoare care la Cartagina a avansat ca zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 independent\u0103. Aceast\u0103 transformare &#8216;tanitic\u0103&#8217; reprezint\u0103 unul dintre cele mai fascinante fenomene ale istoriei religiilor din Mediterana occidental\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i etimologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etimologia numelui Tanit nu a fost clarificat\u0103 definitiv. O interpretare plauzibil\u0103 \u00eel pune \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu r\u0103d\u0103cina semitic\u0103 occidental\u0103 <em>tnn<\/em> &#8216;a se lamenta, a pl\u00e2nge&#8217;, ceea ce ar corespunde unei func\u021bii de zei\u021b\u0103 a doliului. O alt\u0103 interpretare vede numele ca un \u00eemprumut berber, ceea ce s-ar potrivi componentei libico-numidice a Cartaginei. O a treia posibilitate este o leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu atest\u0103ri din Ugarit ale unei zei\u021be Tannit.<\/p><p>\u00cen inscrip\u021bii ea apare ca <em>tnt pn b\u02bfl<\/em> &#8216;Tanit, Fa\u021ba lui Baal&#8217;. Acest epitet subliniaz\u0103 func\u021bia ei teologic\u0103 de apari\u021bie sau manifestare a lui Baal-Hammon. \u00cen sursele grece\u0219ti este identificat\u0103 cu Hera sau cu Artemis Caelestis; \u00een perioada roman\u0103 cu Juno Caelestis, care mai t\u00e2rziu devine o important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 afro-roman\u0103.<\/p><p>Receptarea greac\u0103 \u0219i roman\u0103 ca &#8216;St\u0103p\u00e2n\u0103 a Cerului&#8217; o leag\u0103 de aspectul astral; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbolul<\/span> lunar \u00eei este asociat \u00een mod regulat. Celebrele stele &#8216;Lun\u0103 \u0219i Stea&#8217; din Tophet-ul Cartaginei arat\u0103 clar aceast\u0103 conota\u021bie astral\u0103. Charles Krahmalkov a adunat \u00een <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (2001) cele mai importante atest\u0103ri epigrafice.<\/p><p>O consecin\u021b\u0103 teologic\u0103 important\u0103 a epithetului &#8216;Fa\u021ba lui Baal&#8217; este conceperea lui Tanit ca apari\u021bie hipostatic\u0103 a lui Baal-Hammon. Din aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103, Tanit nu este pur \u0219i simplu o zei\u021b\u0103 independent\u0103, ci func\u021bia personificat\u0103 de manifestare a lui Baal, un fel de chip divin prin care zeul suprem apare \u00een lume.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit este renumit\u0103 iconografic prin &#8216;simbolul Tanit&#8217; sau &#8216;semnul Tanit&#8217; denumit dup\u0103 ea: o figur\u0103 feminin\u0103 stilizat\u0103 cu un triunghi ca trunchi, o bar\u0103 orizontal\u0103 ca bra\u021be \u0219i un cerc ca cap. Acest semn apare pe mii de stele din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuarul<\/span> Tophet al Cartaginei \u0219i este unul dintre cele mai cunoscute <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simboluri<\/span> ale religiei punice.<\/p><p>Pe stele ea apare frecvent \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de alte simboluri: &#8216;M\u00e2na-Tanit&#8217; (o m\u00e2n\u0103 deschis\u0103 ca semn protector), semiluna \u0219i steaua, rodia, floarea de lotus. Uneori semnul Tanit st\u0103 singur, alteori \u00een asociere cu &#8216;caduceul&#8217; sau cu simboluri de pror\u0103 de nav\u0103. Aceast\u0103 bog\u0103\u021bie iconografic\u0103 reflect\u0103 multifunc\u021bionalitatea zei\u021bei.<\/p><p>Reprezent\u0103rile antropomorfe sunt mai rare; o excep\u021bie important\u0103 este o statuet\u0103 din Thinissut (Tunisia), care o \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 pe Tanit ca zei\u021b\u0103 entronat\u0103 cu coroan\u0103 polos \u0219i \u00eenso\u021bitori-sfinx.<\/p><p>\u0218i \u00een fazele elenistice \u0219i romane ea apare cu \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are tot mai uman\u0103, mai ales dup\u0103 identificarea cu Juno Caelestis. Descoperirile arheologice din Tophet au fost publicate detaliat \u00een mai multe lucr\u0103ri, printre care opera H\u00e9lenei B\u00e9nichou-Safar despre religia cartaginez\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biuni mitologice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nara\u021biunile mitologice propriu-zise despre Tanit lipsesc \u00een mare parte. Spre deosebire de <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal<\/a> sau <a href=\"\/ro\/anat-zeita-razboiului-feniciana\/\">Anat<\/a>, nu s-a transmis niciun <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> \u00een care Tanit s\u0103 apar\u0103 ca personaj activ \u00eentr-o secven\u021b\u0103 narativ\u0103. Ea este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> cultic-ritual\u0103, a c\u0103rei semnifica\u021bie se deduce din practic\u0103, nu din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>.<\/p><p>C\u00e2teva aluzii fragmentare se g\u0103sesc la autori t\u00e2rzii (Augustin, Tertullian) la un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> al lui Tanit la Cartagina; majoritatea acestor relat\u0103ri sunt \u00eens\u0103 polemice \u0219i nesigure. Tertullian (<em>Apologeticum<\/em> 9) relateaz\u0103 drastic despre jertfe de copii aduse lui Saturnus (= Baal-Hammon) \u0219i so\u021biei sale, o aluzie la practica din Tophet, f\u0103r\u0103 fundament mitologic.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, aceast\u0103 s\u0103r\u0103cie mitic\u0103 este tipic\u0103 pentru &#8216;zei\u021bele ora\u0219ului&#8217; din Bronzul t\u00e2rziu \u0219i din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 preistoric\u0103 de dup\u0103 Epoca Bronzului, caracterizat\u0103 prin prelucrarea fierului.\" tabindex=\"0\">Epoca Fierului<\/span>; ele sunt centrale din punct de vedere cultic, dar periferice din punct de vedere mitologic. \u0218i <a href=\"\/ro\/arinna\/\">Arinna<\/a> din <a href=\"\/ro\/zei-hititi\/\">tradi\u021bia hitit\u0103<\/a> \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te acest profil: zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 de stat f\u0103r\u0103 nara\u021biune mitic\u0103 proprie. Func\u021bia teologic\u0103 rezid\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba permanent\u0103, nu \u00een ac\u021biunea narativ\u0103.<\/p><p>S\u0103r\u0103cia mitic\u0103 a lui Tanit contrasteaz\u0103 interesant cu bog\u0103\u021bia simbolic\u0103 a stelelor din Tophet; semnifica\u021bia ei teologic\u0103 este deci ancorat\u0103 nu \u00een primul r\u00e2nd narativ, ci simbolic \u0219i cultic. Aceast\u0103 deplasare de la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> este remarcabil\u0103 din punct de vedere istoric.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalul centru de cult al lui Tanit era <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuarul<\/span> Tofet din Cartagina, un ansamblu dezvoltat \u00een mai multe straturi, cu mii de urne funerare con\u021bin\u00e2nd r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele copiilor mici \u0219i ale animalelor tinere, fiecare \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de inscrip\u021bii gravate adresate lui Tanit \u0219i lui Baal-Hammon.<\/p><p>Semnifica\u021bia exact\u0103 a practicii Tofet este dezb\u0103tut\u0103 controversat de genera\u021bii \u00eentregi: este vorba despre sacrificii regulate de copii (astfel sus\u021bin sursele clasice precum Diodor, Polybios, Tertullian) sau despre \u00eenhumarea pruncilor deceda\u021bi prematur (astfel sus\u021bin interpret\u0103rile mai moderne)?<\/p><p>Cercetarea tinde ast\u0103zi spre o pozi\u021bie intermediar\u0103: \u00een Tofet au fost \u00eenhuma\u021bi at\u00e2t prunci deceda\u021bi \u00een mod natural, c\u00e2t \u0219i copii sacrifica\u021bi, \u00een propor\u021bii diferite, \u00een func\u021bie de crize sau de obliga\u021bii religioase speciale (<em>n\u0113der<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un angajament religios solemn fa\u021b\u0103 de o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">jertf\u0103<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">votiv\u0103<\/span>).<\/p><p>Lawrence Stager, Joseph Greene \u0219i Brian Schmidt au analizat descoperirile osteologice \u00een mai multe studii; dezbaterea nu este \u00eencheiat\u0103. Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, Tofet-ul reprezint\u0103 \u00een orice caz unul dintre cele mai impresionante <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuare<\/span> ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 preistoric\u0103 ulterioar\u0103 Epocii Bronzului, caracterizat\u0103 prin prelucrarea fierului.\" tabindex=\"0\">Epocii Fierului<\/span>.<\/p><p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Cartagina, sanctuare Tofet sunt cunoscute la Motya (Sicilia), Tharros (Sardinia), Sulcis (Sardinia), Hadrumetum (Tunisia) \u0219i \u00een mai multe alte colonii punice. \u00cen fiecare dintre aceste situri, Tanit era venerat\u0103 ca principala destinatar\u0103 a ofrandelor. Sabatino Moscati a documentat sistematic siturile punice.<\/p><p>Identificarea \u00eenhum\u0103rilor din Tofet drept \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103ri, \u0219i nu drept <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">jertfe<\/span>, este sus\u021binut\u0103 \u00een special de Jeffrey Schwartz \u0219i Frank Houghton; Lawrence Stager, dimpotriv\u0103, consider\u0103 interpretarea sacrificial\u0103 drept stabilit\u0103 din punct de vedere istoric. Ambele pozi\u021bii s-au aflat \u00een opozi\u021bie \u00een cercetare \u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie dezb\u0103tute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie \u0219i apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit era zei\u021ba protectoare a familiei, a copiilor, a femeilor \u00eens\u0103rcinate \u0219i a polisului punic \u00een ansamblu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Simbolul<\/span> &#8216;M\u00e2na-Tanit&#8217; apare <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cu func\u021bie de respingere a r\u0103ului: despre semne \u0219i obiecte menite s\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rteze influen\u021bele d\u0103un\u0103toare.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span> pe intr\u0103ri de case, pe amulete \u0219i pe instala\u021bii de cre\u0219tere a animalelor; era unul dintre cele mai frecvente semne de protec\u021bie din lumea punic\u0103. M\u00e2na deschis\u0103 cu degetele \u00eentinse semnaleaz\u0103 respingerea r\u0103ului \u0219i protec\u021bia divin\u0103.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cu func\u021bie de respingere a r\u0103ului: despre semne \u0219i obiecte menite s\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rteze influen\u021bele d\u0103un\u0103toare.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaic<\/span>, statuetele lui Tanit erau plasate \u00een locuin\u021be; mii de &#8216;plachete Tanit&#8217; din teracot\u0103 au fost descoperite \u00een situri reziden\u021biale cartagineze. Ele serveau protec\u021biei casei, protec\u021biei la na\u0219tere \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Atitudinea \u0219i practica religioas\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 a unui om.\" tabindex=\"0\">evlaviei<\/span> generale. Aceast\u0103 evlavie privat\u0103 este bine documentat\u0103 \u0219i contrasteaz\u0103 cu practica Tophet de natur\u0103 statal\u0103 \u0219i ritual\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen inscrip\u021biile punice, Tanit apare ca destinatar\u0103 a voturilor <em>n\u0113der<\/em> \u00een perioade de criz\u0103: \u00eenainte de na\u0219teri, \u00eenainte de c\u0103l\u0103torii, \u00eenainte de b\u0103t\u0103lii, \u00een caz de boal\u0103. Frecven\u021ba <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoc\u0103rii<\/span> sale arat\u0103 evlavia privat\u0103 intens\u0103 a popula\u021biei punice.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 pe Tanit ca figur\u0103 istorico-religioas\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 trimiteri la promisiuni terapeutice actuale; practica din Tophet poate fi reconstituit\u0103 ast\u0103zi, inclusiv \u00een discu\u021bia \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, doar din perspectiv\u0103 istoric\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi replicat\u0103.<\/p><p>Inscrip\u021biile <em>n\u0113der<\/em> din Tophet reprezint\u0103 o surs\u0103 primar\u0103 important\u0103 pentru practica de evlavie dedicat\u0103 lui Tanit.<\/p><p>Ele urmeaz\u0103 o formul\u0103 standard: &#8216;St\u0103p\u00e2nei Tanit, Fa\u021ba lui Baal, \u0219i St\u0103p\u00e2nului Baal-Hammon, ceea ce a f\u0103g\u0103duit N.N., deoarece l-a \/ o a \/ le-a ascultat&#8217;. Aceast\u0103 formul\u0103 este atestat\u0103 \u00een mii de variante \u0219i face parte dintre cele mai bine documentate fonduri epigrafice ale lumii antice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit este \u00eenrudit\u0103 istoric cu <a href=\"\/ro\/astarte\/\">Astarte<\/a>, cu Baalat fenician\u0103 (&#8216;St\u0103p\u00e2na&#8217;), cu I\u0161tar mesopotamian\u0103 \u0219i cu Atargatis din tradi\u021bia sirian\u0103 ulterioar\u0103. \u00cen epoca elenistic\u0103 \u0219i roman\u0103 a fost identificat\u0103 cu Hera, Juno, Artemis Caelestis \u0219i Demeter. Cea mai important\u0103 sintez\u0103 este Juno Caelestis, o zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 afro-roman\u0103 din epoca imperial\u0103 roman\u0103, care descinde direct din Tanit.<\/p><p>Cu <a href=\"\/ro\/hebat\/\">Hebat<\/a> din <a href=\"\/ro\/zei-hititi\/\">tradi\u021bia hitit\u0103<\/a> Tanit \u00eemparte func\u021bia de principal\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 feminin\u0103 de stat. Cu Artemis Efeseana din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103 are \u00een comun profilul astral de &#8216;St\u0103p\u00e2n\u0103 a Cerului&#8217;. Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, ea este una dintre cele mai importante figuri ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 preistoric\u0103 de dup\u0103 Epoca Bronzului, caracterizat\u0103 prin prelucrarea fierului.\" tabindex=\"0\">Epocii Fierului<\/span> din Mediterana occidental\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen epoca imperial\u0103 roman\u0103, Tanit-Juno Caelestis a r\u0103mas prezent\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al IV-lea d.Hr.; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> s\u0103u din Cartagina a constituit un important centru religios chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 dispari\u021bia statului punic. Abia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie \u00eentre Antichitate \u0219i Evul Mediu, aproximativ secolele III-VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitatea t\u00e2rzie<\/span> cre\u0219tin\u0103 i-a adus sf\u00e2r\u0219itul; Augustin polemizeaz\u0103 \u00een <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> 2.4 pe larg \u00eempotriva cultelor Caelestis ca punct culminant al &#8216;imoralit\u0103\u021bii p\u0103g\u00e2ne&#8217;.<\/p><p>\u00cen tradi\u021bia numidian\u0103 \u0219i mauretanian\u0103, Tanit devine mediatoare \u00eentre religia punic\u0103 \u0219i cea libian\u0103; ea apare pe stele berber cu epitete locale proprii. Aceast\u0103 &#8216;berberizare&#8217; a lui Tanit \u00een perioada elenistic\u0103 \u0219i roman\u0103 este important\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor \u0219i este tratat\u0103 detaliat \u00een studiile lui Marcel Le Glay <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare actual\u0103 \u0219i cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cercetarea dedicat\u0103 lui Tanit se afl\u0103 ast\u0103zi la un nivel ridicat. Sabatino Moscati, Maria Eugenia Aubet, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar, Lawrence Stager \u0219i Joseph Greene se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cei mai importan\u021bi speciali\u0219ti. S\u0103p\u0103turile \u00een curs de desf\u0103\u0219urare la Cartagina, la Motya \u0219i \u00een situri tunisiene aduc \u00een mod regulat material nou la lumin\u0103; lucr\u0103rile lui Roald Docter privind topografia Cartaginei sunt importante \u00een ultimii ani.<\/p><p>\u00cen receptarea popular\u0103, Tanit este cunoscut\u0103 mai ales prin controversa legat\u0103 de Tophet; \u00eentrebarea privind jertfele de copii i-a marcat puternic percep\u021bia public\u0103. \u00cen Tunisia modern\u0103, Tanit a cunoscut o modest\u0103 rena\u0219tere ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> cultural; semnul Tanit apare ocazional \u00een simbolistica tunisian\u0103 \u0219i \u00een arta nord-african\u0103.<\/p><p>Din perspectiv\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, Tanit este considerat\u0103 ast\u0103zi un obiect de studiu central pentru religia punic\u0103, pentru practica din Tophet \u0219i pentru istoria religioas\u0103 a Mediteranei occidentale. Direc\u021biile actuale de cercetare se concentreaz\u0103 pe analiza arheologic\u0103 a oaselor din Tophet, pe istoria iconografic\u0103 a semnului Tanit \u0219i pe problema componentei berber.<\/p><p>iWell Guard o \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 pe Tanit ca membr\u0103 istoric\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonului<\/span> \u0219i nu ca adresatar\u0103 actual\u0103 a protec\u021biei. O revigorare spiritual\u0103 \u00een sens neop\u0103g\u00e2n nu poate fi observat\u0103.<\/p><p>Studii actuale de ADN pe oasele din Tophet, realizate sub conducerea lui Patricia Smith \u0219i Gal Avishai, indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 persoanele \u00eenhumate \u00een Tophet erau preponderent nou-n\u0103scu\u021bi \u0219i copii mici \u00een primul an de via\u021b\u0103, ceea ce este compatibil at\u00e2t cu mortalitatea infantil\u0103 ridicat\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu practica ritual\u0103 a jertfei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 \u0219i surse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Selec\u021bia de mai jos reune\u0219te cele mai importante lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een cercetarea dedicat\u0103 lui Tanit. Cuprinde rapoarte arheologice despre Tophet, sinteze istorice \u0219i edi\u021bii de inscrip\u021bii. Moscati, Aubet \u0219i B\u00e9nichou-Safar formeaz\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Colec\u021bia recunoscut\u0103 ca normativ\u0103 a scripturilor sacre ale unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">canonul<\/span> clasic; Stager \u0219i Greene reprezint\u0103 studiile bioarheologice mai recente. Lucrarea lui Brian Doak despre aniconismul fenician ofer\u0103 perspectiva iconologic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c64876a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c64876a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2812fdfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2812fdfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tophet-ul din Cartagina \u0219i disputa privind jertfele de copii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24230163 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24230163\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp237be4e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp237be4e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Niciun subiect din istoria religioas\u0103 fenicio-punic\u0103 nu este la fel de controversat ca Tophet-ul din Cartagina, un district \u00een sudul ora\u0219ului \u00een care, timp de secole, au fost depuse urne cu oase calcinate ale copiilor mici \u0219i ale animalelor tinere.<\/p><p>Deasupra urnelor se aflau adesea stele cu inscrip\u021bii votive, multe dintre ele adresate lui Tanit \u0219i Baal-Hammon. Locul a fost excavat \u00eencep\u00e2nd din 1921 \u0219i a primit numele Tophet dup\u0103 o denumire geografic\u0103 biblic\u0103.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Autorii antici<\/span> precum Diodorus Siculus \u0219i Plutarh relateaz\u0103 despre jertfe cartagineze de copii aduse lui Kronos, prin care \u00een\u021belegeau pe Baal-Hammon. Mult\u0103 vreme, aceasta a fost considerat\u0103 dovada unei practici punice crude.<\/p><p>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anii 1980, cercet\u0103tori precum Sabatino Moscati \u0219i ulterior un grup condus de Jeffrey Schwartz au pus \u00een discu\u021bie aceast\u0103 interpretare. Ei au invocat mortalitatea infantil\u0103 ridicat\u0103 din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitate<\/span> \u0219i au propus s\u0103 se vad\u0103 \u00een Tophet un cimitir pentru copiii deceda\u021bi oricum.<\/p><p>Pozi\u021bia contrar\u0103, sus\u021binut\u0103 printre al\u021bii de Paolo Xella \u0219i de un studiu publicat \u00een revista <em>Antiquity<\/em> \u00een anul 2014, men\u021bine interpretarea sacrificial\u0103. Aceasta se bazeaz\u0103 pe inscrip\u021biile votive care vorbesc explicit despre un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O promisiune religioas\u0103 solemn\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">vot<\/span>, pe absen\u021ba \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103rilor obi\u0219nuite ale adul\u021bilor \u0219i pe v\u00e2rsta osteologic\u0103, care arat\u0103 un punct de concentrare.<\/p><p>O pozi\u021bie conciliant\u0103 presupune c\u0103 Tophet-ul a primit at\u00e2t jertfe votive, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103ri ale copiilor deceda\u021bi timpuriu. Disputa nu este tran\u0219at\u0103. Pentru Tanit, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 principalul s\u0103u loc de cult este totodat\u0103 cel mai \u00eentunecat \u0219i cel mai intens discutat element din \u00eentreaga sa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bie<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22ea3590 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22ea3590\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27d5519a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27d5519a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Semnul lui Tanit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp287e5baf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp287e5baf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp263e6cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp263e6cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pe nenum\u0103rate stele punice, mai ales din Tophet-ul Cartaginei, apare un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> simplu pe care cercetarea \u00eel desemneaz\u0103 drept semnul lui Tanit.<\/p><p>El const\u0103 dintr-un triunghi pe care se sprijin\u0103 o bar\u0103 orizontal\u0103, iar deasupra barei se afl\u0103 un cerc sau un disc. Frecvent, capetele barei sunt curbate \u00een sus, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t ansamblul aminte\u0219te de o figur\u0103 uman\u0103 stilizat\u0103 cu bra\u021bele \u00eentinse.<\/p><p>Nu exist\u0103 consens cu privire la originea \u0219i semnifica\u021bia exact\u0103 a semnului. Unii v\u0103d \u00een el o reprezentare schematic\u0103 a zei\u021bei \u00eense\u0219i, al\u021bii un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> dezvoltat din semnul vie\u021bii egiptean Ankh, iar al\u021bii o combina\u021bie \u00eentre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Loc \u00een\u0103l\u021bat sau mas\u0103 pentru jertfe \u0219i ac\u021biuni religioase.\" tabindex=\"0\">altar<\/span>, cel care aduce jertfa \u0219i discul solar.<\/p><p>Denumirea mai veche semn Tanit este problematic\u0103 \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbolul<\/span> apare \u0219i pe stele adresate exclusiv lui Baal-Hammon \u0219i, prin urmare, nu este legat exclusiv de zei\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>Semnul este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit mai ales \u00een Mediterana occidental\u0103, la Cartagina, \u00een Sardinia, Sicilia \u0219i \u00een Africa de Nord, \u0219i \u00een special \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al V-lea \u00eenainte de era noastr\u0103. \u00cen patria fenician\u0103 este considerabil mai rar. Aceasta pledeaz\u0103 pentru faptul c\u0103 este vorba despre o dezvoltare specific punic\u0103, adic\u0103 vest-fenician\u0103.<\/p><p>Adesea apare \u00eempreun\u0103 cu alte semne precum semiluna deschis\u0103 \u00een sus, discul sau m\u00e2na ridicat\u0103. Combina\u021biile de simboluri sunt interpretate \u00een cercetare ca un limbaj iconografic religios, a c\u0103rui gramatic\u0103 exact\u0103 nu a fost \u00eens\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi complet descifrat\u0103. Semnul lui Tanit r\u0103m\u00e2ne astfel unul dintre cele mai cunoscute \u0219i totodat\u0103 mai enigmatice simboluri ale lumii punice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26bfe79d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26bfe79d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25c24eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp25c24eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tanit pene Baal \u0219i rela\u021bia cu Baal-Hammon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2972f679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2972f679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2bde9374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2bde9374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen inscrip\u021biile votive punice, Tanit apare aproape \u00eentotdeauna \u00een asociere fix\u0103 cu Baal-Hammon, de regul\u0103 \u00een ordinea \u00een care zei\u021ba este numit\u0103 prima, iar zeul al doilea.<\/p><p>Un frecvent <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un epitet fix care caracterizeaz\u0103 o divinitate sau o figur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">epitet<\/span> sun\u0103 <em>tnt pn b\u02bfl<\/em>, citit Tanit pene Baal, tradus ca Tanit, Fa\u021ba lui Baal. Semnifica\u021bia exact\u0103 a acestei expresii este controversat\u0103.<\/p><p>O interpretare \u00een\u021belege <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un epitet fix care caracterizeaz\u0103 o divinitate sau o figur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">epithetul<\/span> spa\u021bial sau cultic: Tanit ar fi cea care st\u0103 \u00eenaintea fe\u021bei lui Baal, adic\u0103 o mediatoare sau latura zeului \u00eendreptat\u0103 spre oameni.<\/p><p>O alt\u0103 lectur\u0103 vede \u00een aceasta o afirma\u021bie teologic\u0103, conform c\u0103reia Tanit ar fi forma de apari\u021bie vizibil\u0103 \u0219i accesibil\u0103 a lui Baal-Hammon cel altfel \u00eendep\u0103rtat. Al\u021bii fac o compara\u021bie cu reprezentarea biblic\u0103 a fe\u021bei lui Dumnezeu.<\/p><p>Este remarcabil c\u0103 zei\u021ba st\u0103 \u00een inscrip\u021bii adesea \u00eenaintea zeului masculin, ceea ce este neobi\u0219nuit \u00een Orientul Antic \u0219i \u00eei confer\u0103 lui Tanit o pozi\u021bie privilegiat\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> punic. \u00cen patria fenician\u0103, Tanit este \u00een schimb cu greu atestat\u0103; o atestare timpurie provine din Sarepta, altminteri ea este preponderent o zei\u021b\u0103 a Occidentului.<\/p><p>Unii cercet\u0103tori, printre care Edward Lipi\u0144ski, pun pe Tanit \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu zei\u021ba cerului <a href=\"\/ro\/astarte\/\">Astarte<\/a> sau o v\u0103d ca o manifestare occidental\u0103 a aceleia\u0219i figuri. Situa\u021bia surselor nu permite un verdict definitiv. Sigur este doar c\u0103 perechea Tanit \u0219i Baal-Hammon st\u0103tea \u00een centrul religiei de stat cartagineze \u0219i era invocat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 \u00een mii de inscrip\u021bii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp215f657c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp215f657c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2952118e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2952118e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tanit dup\u0103 c\u0103derea Cartaginei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25c8d7c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25c8d7c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ac38a6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ac38a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Distrugerea Cartaginei de c\u0103tre Roma \u00een anul 146 \u00eenainte de era noastr\u0103 a pus cap\u0103t statalit\u0103\u021bii punice, nu \u00eens\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultului<\/span> lui Tanit. \u00cen provincia roman\u0103 Africa, zei\u021ba a supravie\u021buit sub un nou nume.<\/p><p>Ea a fost asimilat\u0103 zei\u021bei romane a cerului \u0219i venerat\u0103 ca <em>Juno Caelestis<\/em> sau simplu Caelestis. Septimius Severus, el \u00eensu\u0219i originar din Africa de Nord, \u0219i dinastia sa au promovat acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>, care \u00een secolele al II-lea \u0219i al III-lea ale erei noastre a g\u0103sit adep\u021bi \u00een \u00eentreaga provincie \u0219i dincolo de ea.<\/p><p>Continuitatea nu este doar o echivalare nominal\u0103. La Cartagina \u00eensu\u0219i, pe teritoriul vechiului cult punic, a luat na\u0219tere un mare <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> al lui Caelestis. Inscrip\u021biile \u0219i ofrandele arat\u0103 c\u0103 venerarea a r\u0103mas ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 de-a lungul secolelor, chiar dac\u0103 limbajul religios s-a deplasat din punic \u00een latin\u0103.<\/p><p>Abia cre\u0219tinismul a eliminat definitiv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span>. P\u0103rin\u021bii Bisericii din Africa de Nord, \u00een frunte cu Augustin de Hipona, au polemizat \u00eempotriva lui Caelestis ca zei\u021b\u0103 p\u0103g\u00e2n\u0103 a cerului. La \u00eenceputul secolului al V-lea, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> ei din Cartagina a fost \u00eenchis.<\/p><p>Semnifica\u021bia istorico-religioas\u0103 a acestei lungi posthistorii const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 ea arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de tenace poate fi o divinitate principal\u0103, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd entitatea politic\u0103 ce \u00eei sus\u021binuse <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> disp\u0103ruse de mult.<\/p><p>Tanit nu a disp\u0103rut o dat\u0103 cu Cartagina, ci \u0219i-a schimbat \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area \u0219i a supravie\u021buit sub un nume roman \u00eenc\u0103 jum\u0103tate de mileniu, \u00eenainte de a disp\u0103rea din via\u021ba religioas\u0103 a Africii de Nord.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (Milano 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar: <em>Le tophet de Salammb\u00f4 \u00e0 Carthage<\/em> (Rom 2004)<\/li><li>Lawrence Stager \/ Joseph Greene: in <em>Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands<\/em> (Atlanta 2000)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><li>Brian Doak: <em>Phoenician Aniconism in its Mediterranean and Ancient Near Eastern Contexts<\/em> (Atlanta 2015)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanit-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanit-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit este zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 <em>punico-cartaginez\u0103<\/em> \u0219i \u00eenso\u021bitoarea lui Baal-Hammon, al c\u0103rei semn cu triunghi, bar\u0103 transversal\u0103 \u0219i disc solar este atestat pe numeroase stele din Tophet-ul Cartaginei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Tanit Cartagina fenicieni Tophet Baal-Hammon Juno Caelestis pene Baal.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tanit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0219i tradi\u021biile de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\">fenician\u0103<\/a> \u0219i a multor altor culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te tratamentul medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile de \u0219tiin\u021ba religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tanit, zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 punico-cartagineza \u0219i &#8222;Pene Baal&#8221; Tanit (punic\u0103 tnt) este suprema divinitate feminin\u0103 a Cartaginei punice \u0219i a coloniilor sale. Ea apare \u00een mod regulat \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Baal-Hammon \u0219i poart\u0103 titlul pene Ba\u02bfal (&#8216;fa\u021ba lui Baal&#8217;). Stelele cu &#8216;semnul-simbol al m\u00e2inii&#8217; din tofet reprezint\u0103 unul dintre cele mai caracteristice semne figurative ale religiei [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2853,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tanit Cartagina fenicieni","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tanit - Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei, mit, cult","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105587","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tanit - Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei, mit, cult<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tanit - Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T16:10:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"17 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tanit - Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei, mit, cult\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:10:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:10:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tanit &#8211; Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Tanit &#8211; Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:10:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:10:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3407,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tanit\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"description\":\"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Tanit - Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei, mit, cult","description":"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tanit - Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei","og_description":"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-08-04T16:10:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Timp estimat pentru citire":"17 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Tanit &#8211; Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:10:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:10:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/"},"wordCount":3407,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/","name":"Tanit - Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei, mit, cult","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:10:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:10:33+00:00","description":"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/acasa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tanit &#8211; Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Tanit &#8211; Zei\u021ba suprem\u0103 a Cartaginei","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:10:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:10:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/"},"wordCount":3407,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tanit\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Tanit este cea mai important\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 a Cartaginei punice, zei\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103 al\u0103turi de Baal-Hammon. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105587"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105587\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}