{"id":105579,"date":"2026-08-04T16:09:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/baal-hammon-zeul-suprem-cartaginez\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:09:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:09:40","slug":"baal-hammon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/","title":{"rendered":"Baal-Hammon &#8211; Zeul suprem cartaginez"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105579\" class=\"elementor elementor-105579 elementor-2628\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Baal-Hammon, zeul suprem punico-cartaginez \u0219i Saturnus Africanus<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon (punic <em>b\u02bfl \u1e25mn<\/em>) este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei punice \u0219i al coloniilor sale. Apare \u00een mod regulat al\u0103turi de <a href=\"\/ro\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a> \u0219i este destinatarul ofrandelor votive din Tofet. \u00cen perioada roman\u0103 a fost identificat cu Saturnus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu al tradi\u021biei Feniciene.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei Feniciene.\">Fenician<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Divinitate suprem\u0103.\">Divinitate suprem\u0103<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-baalhammon-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123649\" alt=\"Baal Hammon - zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u0219i profil succint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon este una dintre cele mai importante divinit\u0103\u021bi ale lumii punice vest-mediteraneene. Sabatino Moscati a demonstrat \u00een <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (1966) c\u0103 Baal-Hammon era atestat \u00een patria fenician\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 ocupa o pozi\u021bie secundar\u0103; la Cartagina a atins v\u00e2rful panteonului, \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bind aceast\u0103 pozi\u021bie cu <a href=\"\/ro\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>. \u00cen cadrul <a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\">tradi\u021biei feniciene<\/a>, el este prototipul zeului suprem punic.<\/p><p>Maria Eugenia Aubet a documentat \u00een <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea mediteraneean\u0103; sanctuarele lui Baal-Hammon sunt atestate la Cartagina, Motya, Tharros, Sulcis, Hadrumetum \u0219i numeroase alte situri. \u00cen perioada imperial\u0103 roman\u0103, venerarea sa continu\u0103 sub forma lui Saturnus Africanus \u0219i atinge o persisten\u021b\u0103 remarcabil\u0103 \u00een provincia numido-mauretanian\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al IV-lea d.Hr.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, Baal-Hammon reprezint\u0103 tipul zeului suprem cu aspecte htoniene \u0219i solare. Marcel Le Glay a demonstrat \u00een <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966) c\u0103 identificarea cu Saturnus roman se \u00eentemeiaz\u0103 pe natura dubl\u0103 a lui Baal-Hammon: el este at\u00e2t zeu al gr\u00e2nelor \u0219i al recoltei (aspectul saturnian), c\u00e2t \u0219i tat\u0103 htonian.<\/p><p>Stelele de tofet \u0219i numeroasele inscrip\u021bii consemneaz\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> s\u0103u ca o descoperire central\u0103 a istoriei religiilor.<\/p><p>Persisten\u021ba lui Baal-Hammon \u00een perioada imperial\u0103 roman\u0103 sub forma lui Saturnus Africanus constituie unul dintre cele mai remarcabile exemple de continuitate \u00een istoria religiilor dup\u0103 dispari\u021bia politic\u0103 a statului punic. Mai mult de dou\u0103 mii de stele ale lui Saturnus sunt p\u0103strate din provinciile nord-africane, din secolul I p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al IV-lea d.Hr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i etimologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numele <em>b\u02bfl \u1e25mn<\/em> este compus din <em>b\u02bfl<\/em> &#8216;domn&#8217; \u0219i <em>\u1e25mn<\/em>, a c\u0103rui etimologie este disputat\u0103. O interpretare leag\u0103 <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> de r\u0103d\u0103cina <em>\u1e25mm<\/em> &#8216;a fi fierbinte&#8217; \u0219i \u00eel vede pe Baal-Hammon ca &#8216;Domn al c\u0103ldurii&#8217;, probabil cu aspect solar.<\/p><p>O alt\u0103 interpretare trateaz\u0103 <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> ca toponim &#8216;Hammon&#8217; (poate o localitate din Fenicia) \u0219i \u00eel \u00een\u021belege pe Baal-Hammon ca &#8216;Domn al lui Hammon&#8217;. O a treia posibilitate leag\u0103 <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> de obiecte de cult pentru t\u0103m\u00e2ie (&#8216;altar de t\u0103m\u00e2iere&#8217;).<\/p><p>Charles Krahmalkov a adunat variantele epigrafice \u00een <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (2001); \u00een inscrip\u021bii apare ca <em>b\u02bfl \u1e25mn<\/em> sau prescurtat <em>b\u02bfl<\/em>. Redarea greceasc\u0103 este \u0392\u03ac\u03b1\u03bb-\u1f08\u03bc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd (Baal-Ammon), \u00een epoca elenistic\u0103 identificat uneori \u0219i cu zeul egiptean Amun (\u00een urme). Identificarea roman\u0103 cu Saturnus este cea mai durabil\u0103 \u0219i marcheaz\u0103 istoria religioas\u0103 africano-roman\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen materialul ebraic apare Hammon ca toponim \u00een Galileea; dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o leg\u0103tur\u0103 istoric\u0103 direct\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne neclar. \u00cen inscrip\u021bii aramaice din Palmyra apare un zeu <em>\u02bfolam<\/em> cu func\u021bii similare lui Baal-Hammon; \u0219i aici \u00eenrudirea exact\u0103 este disputat\u0103. Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, Baal-Hammon este o dezvoltare specific occidental\u0103.<\/p><p>O alt\u0103 ipotez\u0103 etimologic\u0103 leag\u0103 <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> de aramaicul <em>\u1e25mn<\/em> &#8216;a se \u00eendura&#8217;, ceea ce ar implica o conota\u021bie teologic\u0103 profund\u0103; ea nu este \u00eens\u0103 confirmat\u0103 din punct de vedere al istoriei limbii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon apare \u00een iconografia punic\u0103 cel mai adesea ca un b\u0103tr\u00e2n b\u0103rbos pe tron, cu coroan\u0103 de coarne de taur, ve\u0219m\u00e2nt lung cu falduri \u0219i un sceptru. Aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie iconografic\u0103 este larg atestat\u0103 pe stelele tofet \u0219i \u00eel distinge de <a href=\"\/ro\/baal-hadad\/\">Baal-Hadad<\/a>, care apare ca zeu t\u00e2n\u0103r al furtunii cu o secure ridicat\u0103. Profilul senil al lui Baal-Hammon \u00eel leag\u0103 din punct de vedere teologic de El ugaritic \u0219i de Saturnus.<\/p><p>Animalul s\u0103u sacru este berbecul sau \u021bapul; \u00een ritualurile de sacrificiu punice, berbecul era animalul preferat de jertf\u0103. Pe unele stele apare flancat de sfinc\u0219i sau de grifoni.<\/p><p>La Cartagina, o statuie colosal\u0103 de bronz a lui Baal-Hammon era amplasat\u0103 \u00een templul urban; ea este men\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een sursele referitoare la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">jertfele<\/span> tofet \u0219i se presupune c\u0103 dispunea de mecanisme care l\u0103sau animalele de jertf\u0103 sau copiii s\u0103 cad\u0103 \u00een focul de dedesubt. Critica surselor \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103 este controversat\u0103 \u0219i este ast\u0103zi evaluat\u0103 cu mai mult\u0103 rezerv\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen perioada elenistic\u0103 \u0219i roman\u0103, iconografia lui Baal-Hammon se contope\u0219te tot mai mult cu tradi\u021bia lui Saturnus; stelele romane t\u00e2rzii ale lui Saturnus din Africa de Nord (secolele III \u0219i IV d.Hr.) \u00eel \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 pe zeu ca pe un b\u0103tr\u00e2n b\u0103rbos cu secer\u0103, exact dup\u0103 modelul lui Saturnus. Aceast\u0103 iconografie Saturnus-Africanus constituie tema principal\u0103 a lui Marcel Le Glay \u0219i este tratat\u0103 pe larg \u00een monografia sa.<\/p><p>O surs\u0103 arheologic\u0103 impresionant\u0103 o reprezint\u0103 numeroasele statuete de bronz din tofet, care \u00eel arat\u0103 pe Baal-Hammon tron\u00e2nd cu m\u00e2na ridicat\u0103, un gest de acordare a binecuv\u00e2nt\u0103rii. Aceste statuete au fost amplasate \u00een parte chiar \u00een tofet ca obiecte votive, \u00een parte \u00een locuin\u021be private.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biuni mitologice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nu sunt transmise mituri independente ale lui Baal-Hammon; la fel ca <a href=\"\/ro\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>, el este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd o figur\u0103 cultic\u0103 \u0219i ritual\u0103. Relat\u0103ri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> (Diodor, Polibiu, Plutarh, Tertullian) men\u021bioneaz\u0103 jertfele de copii \u00een Tofet ca principal act cultic al s\u0103u.<\/p><p>Diodor (20.14) relateaz\u0103 pe larg despre o mare jertf\u0103 de copii \u00een anul 310 \u00ee.Hr., c\u00e2nd Cartagina era asediat\u0103 de Agatocle din Siracuza; \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie critic\u0103 au fost jertfi\u021bi 200 de b\u0103ie\u021bi de neam nobil pentru a potoli m\u00e2nia zeului.<\/p><p>Istoricitatea acestor relat\u0103ri este disputat\u0103 de genera\u021bii; ele sunt surse polemice greco-romane \u0219i trebuie examinate critic. Descoperirile arheologice din Tofet confirm\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 sugari \u0219i copii mici au fost \u00eenhuma\u021bi \u00een num\u0103r considerabil; dac\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">jertfe<\/span> sau \u0219i ca deceda\u021bi \u00een mod natural face obiectul controversei privind Tofet-ul.<\/p><p>Augustin din Hippona polemizeaz\u0103 \u00een <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> 7.19 \u00eempotriva cultelor lui Saturnus Africanus \u0219i descrie jertfele de copii ca &#8216;crudelis daemonum cultus&#8217;. Aceast\u0103 polemic\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie \u00eentre Antichitate \u0219i Evul Mediu, aproximativ secolele III-VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">t\u00e2rziantic\u0103<\/span> \u021bine de construc\u021bia Cartaginei cre\u0219tine \u0219i trebuie citit\u0103 cu pruden\u021b\u0103 istoric\u0103, dar reflect\u0103 leg\u0103tura de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 a lui Baal-Hammon cu toposul jertfei de copii \u00een percep\u021bia antic\u0103. Evaluarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a acestei practici r\u0103m\u00e2ne disputat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalul centru de cult al lui Baal-Hammon era Tofetul din Cartagina; al\u0103turi de acesta, tofete \u00een Motya, Tharros, Sulcis, Hadrumetum, Cirta, Lambafundi \u0219i numeroase alte situri. \u00cen fiecare dintre aceste sanctuare, Baal-Hammon era principalul destinatar al ofrandelor votive, adesea \u00eempreun\u0103 cu <a href=\"\/ro\/tanit\/\">Tanit<\/a>. Inscrip\u021biile votive urmeaz\u0103 o formul\u0103 standard: &#8216;Domnului Baal-Hammon, ceea ce a votuit N.N., deoarece l-a ascultat&#8217;.<\/p><p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acestea, existau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> urbane ale lui Baal-Hammon, de exemplu \u00een Thinissut \u0219i \u00een Cartagina \u00eens\u0103\u0219i (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> de pe dealul Byrsa). Sabatino Moscati a documentat arhitectura templar\u0103 punic\u0103 \u00een mai multe publica\u021bii.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templele<\/span> urmeaz\u0103 o schem\u0103 tripartit\u0103: curte de intrare, sal\u0103 principal\u0103, sf\u00e2nta sfintelor. \u00cen interior se afla <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentare plastic\u0103 a unei divinit\u0103\u021bi, venerat\u0103 \u00een templu sau sanctuar.\" tabindex=\"0\">imaginea de cult<\/span> sau o &#8216;masseba&#8217; (coloan\u0103 sacr\u0103), aceasta din urm\u0103 tipic\u0103 pentru aniconismul fenician al divinit\u0103\u021bii supreme <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">zeitate<\/span>.<\/p><p>\u00cen epoca imperial\u0103 roman\u0103, Baal-Hammon a continuat s\u0103 fie venerat sub forma lui Saturnus Africanus; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> s\u0103u din Cartagina a fost redenumit \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">resfinit<\/span>.<\/p><p>Num\u0103rul stelelor dedicate lui Saturnus \u00een Africa de Nord dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te pe cel al tuturor celorlalte divinit\u0103\u021bi romane din regiune; Baal-Hammon-Saturnus a fost p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al IV-lea d.Hr. cea mai important\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">zeitate<\/span> a provinciilor africane. Cre\u0219tinarea \u0219i invazia vandalilor au pus cap\u0103t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultului<\/span> s\u0103u.<\/p><p>O surs\u0103 numismatic\u0103 important\u0103 o reprezint\u0103 tetradrahmele cartagineze din secolele IV \u0219i III \u00ee.Hr., care prezint\u0103 coroana cu coarne de taur a lui Baal-Hammon ca formul\u0103 protectoare pe avers. Monedele au fost b\u0103tute \u00een num\u0103r mare pentru solda armatelor cartagineze \u0219i au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit programul iconografic al lui Baal-Hammon p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Spania \u0219i Sicilia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie \u0219i apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon a fost zeul protector al ora\u0219ului, al familiei \u0219i al recoltelor. \u00cen inscrip\u021biile punice apare ca destinatar al jur\u0103mintelor <em>n\u0113der<\/em> \u00een situa\u021bii de criz\u0103: \u00eenainte de c\u0103l\u0103torii, \u00eenainte de lupte, \u00een caz de boal\u0103, la na\u0219teri. Frecven\u021ba <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoc\u0103rii<\/span> sale \u00een ofrandele votive private reflect\u0103 intensa evlavie privat\u0103 a popula\u021biei punice.<\/p><p>Pe intr\u0103rile caselor \u0219i \u00een \u00eenc\u0103perile locuin\u021belor, simbolurile sale erau utilizate <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Resping\u00e2nd r\u0103ul: despre semne \u0219i obiecte menite s\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rteze influen\u021bele d\u0103un\u0103toare.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span>: coroana cu coarne de taur, secera \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbolul<\/span> \u201ecaduceu&#8221;, asociat \u00een mod constant cu Baal-Hammon \u00een lumea punic\u0103. Statuete de bronz reprezent\u00e2nd un zeu b\u0103rbos, \u0219ez\u00e2nd pe tron, cu coroan\u0103 de coarne de taur, au fost descoperite \u00een numeroase situri de locuire punice.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Din perspectiv\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, func\u021bia protectoare a lui Baal-Hammon este puternic legat\u0103 de ordinea de stat, dar \u0219i ancorat\u0103 \u00een sfera personal\u0103 \u0219i familial\u0103. Practica tofet trebuie \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 ca o form\u0103 particular\u0103 de evlavie \u00een situa\u021bii de criz\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a putea fi interpretat\u0103 pozitiv din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific \u00een prezent. iWell Guard \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 Baal-Hammon ca figur\u0103 istorico-religioas\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 referin\u021be la promisiuni terapeutice actuale.<\/p><p>Str\u00e2nsa leg\u0103tur\u0103 a lui Baal-Hammon cu conducerea r\u0103zboaielor punice este bine documentat\u0103; jur\u0103m\u00e2ntul lui Hannibal la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Loc \u00een\u0103l\u021bat sau mas\u0103 pentru jertfe \u0219i ac\u021biuni religioase.\" tabindex=\"0\">altarul<\/span> lui Baal-Hammon, la v\u00e2rsta de nou\u0103 ani, de a-l considera pe Roma du\u0219man ve\u0219nic, reprezint\u0103 una dintre cele mai celebre anecdote antice \u0219i se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia jur\u0103mintelor de r\u0103zboi punice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon este \u00eenrudit din punct de vedere istoric cu zeul ugaritic El (zeul-tat\u0103 primordial), cu Anu mesopotamian, cu Saturnus roman \u0219i cu Cronos grec. Identificarea cu Saturnus este cea mai durabil\u0103; Marcel Le Glay a ar\u0103tat \u00een <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966) c\u0103 aceast\u0103 sincrez\u0103 a marcat \u00een mod fundamental <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> african al lui Saturnus \u00een perioada imperial\u0103.<\/p><p>Cu Cronos, Baal-Hammon \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te profilul zeului-tat\u0103 \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nit cu asocieri la jertfele de copii; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> grec al lui Cronos con\u021bine \u00eenghi\u021birea propriilor copii, element legat \u00een percep\u021bia elenistic\u0103 de jertfele din Tofet-ul cartaginez. Plutarh (<em>De superstitione<\/em>) face aceast\u0103 conexiune \u00een mod explicit.<\/p><p>Cu <a href=\"\/ro\/kumarbi\/\">Kumarbi<\/a> din <a href=\"\/ro\/zei-hititi\/\">tradi\u021bia hitit\u0103<\/a>, Baal-Hammon \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te tipul zeului-tat\u0103 r\u0103sturnat sau marginalizat. Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, el apar\u021bine familiei interna\u021bionale a zeilor-tat\u0103 mediteraneeni arhaici, ale c\u0103ror func\u021bii au fost par\u021bial preluate de genera\u021bia mai t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 a zeilor furtunii. \u00cen provincia roman\u0103 Africa Proconsularis, aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie mediteranean\u0103 arhaic\u0103 a r\u0103mas neobi\u0219nuit de mult timp vie.<\/p><p>Leg\u0103tura dintre Baal-Hammon \u0219i zeul egiptean Amun-Ra a fost stabilit\u0103 activ \u00een perioada elenistic\u0103; oaza Siwa cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sau o institu\u021bie unde se ob\u021bine un r\u0103spuns divin.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracolul<\/span> s\u0103u al lui Amun era accesibil\u0103 din Cartagina, iar unele surse relateaz\u0103 despre pelerinaje cartagineze acolo. Semnifica\u021bia istoric\u0103 a acestei sincrezes este disputat\u0103, dar remarcabil\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare actual\u0103 \u0219i cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cercetarea dedicat\u0103 lui Baal-Hammon se afl\u0103 ast\u0103zi la un nivel ridicat. <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966) de Marcel Le Glay este referin\u021ba clasic\u0103; Sabatino Moscati, Maria Eugenia Aubet, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar \u0219i Lawrence Stager au adus contribu\u021bii importante la cercetarea Tofet-ului. <em>Phoenician Aniconism<\/em> (2015) de Brian Doak trateaz\u0103 tradi\u021bia aniconic\u0103 a lui Baal-Hammon. Studiile Josephinei Quinn privind identitatea punic\u0103 reprezint\u0103 contribu\u021bii importante din ultimii ani.<\/p><p>\u00cen receptarea popular\u0103, Baal-Hammon este cunoscut mai ales prin controversa privind Tofet-ul \u0219i prin polemica <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antic\u0103<\/span> cre\u0219tin\u0103; imaginea este distorsionat\u0103 \u0219i greu compatibil\u0103 cu standardele \u0219tiin\u021bifice. Prezent\u0103ri mai nuan\u021bate din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific se g\u0103sesc \u00een lucr\u0103rile men\u021bionate.<\/p><p>Din perspectiv\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, Baal-Hammon este considerat ast\u0103zi un obiect central de studiu pentru religia punic\u0103, pentru tradi\u021bia lui Saturnus Africanus \u0219i pentru istoria religioas\u0103 mediteranean\u0103. Direc\u021biile actuale de cercetare vizeaz\u0103 analiza bioarheologic\u0103 a Tofet-ului, tradi\u021bia stelelor lui Saturnus Africanus \u0219i \u00eentrebarea privind componenta berber\u0103. Lexiconul iWell \u00eel consemneaz\u0103 ca membru al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonului<\/span> istoric.<\/p><p>Cercet\u0103rile recente ale Josephinei Quinn (<em>In Search of the Phoenicians<\/em>, 2018) au rediscutat identitatea punic\u0103 \u0219i autodefinirea ei religioas\u0103, pun\u00e2nd sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii rolul lui Baal-Hammon ca &#8216;zeu al fenicienilor&#8217;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 \u0219i surse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Selec\u021bia de mai jos reune\u0219te cele mai importante lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 din cercetarea dedicat\u0103 lui Baal-Hammon. Cuprinde rapoarte arheologice, sinteze de istorie a religiilor \u0219i edi\u021bii epigrafice. Monografia lui Marcel Le Glay este referin\u021ba clasic\u0103; Moscati \u0219i Aubet ofer\u0103 cadrul punic; Doak, perspectiva iconologic\u0103. Studiul mai recent al lui Quinn conduce cercetarea \u00een discu\u021bia critic\u0103 a identit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2dce0c7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2dce0c7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22efe76a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22efe76a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tofet-ul din Cartagina \u0219i descoperirile de stele<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp207c89a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp207c89a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp223f9336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp223f9336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalul martor pentru cultul lui Baal Hammon nu este un text, ci un sanctuar. Este vorba despre a\u0219a-numitul Tophet din Cartagina, un l\u0103ca\u0219 sacru la marginea ora\u0219ului antic, \u00een actualul cartier Salammb\u00f4. S\u0103p\u0103turile au \u00eenceput \u00een anii 1920. Deosebit de important\u0103 a fost campania arheologei americane \u0219i a echipei sale din anii 1970, desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 sub denumirea &#8222;Punic Project&#8221;.<\/p><p>Sanctuarul con\u021bine mii de urne mici cu r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele incinerate ale unor sugari \u0219i animale tinere, deasupra c\u0103rora au fost ridicate stele de piatr\u0103.<\/p><p>Multe dintre aceste stele poart\u0103 inscrip\u021bii votive \u00een scriere punic\u0103. Formula obi\u0219nuit\u0103 \u00eel men\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i pe <em>Baal Hammon<\/em> \u0219i zei\u021ba <em>Tinnit<\/em> (adesea denumit\u0103 &#8222;Tinnit, fa\u021ba lui Baal&#8221;), apoi numele donatorului \u0219i cererea sa.<\/p><p>Aceste inscrip\u021bii constituie cea mai dens\u0103 surs\u0103 epigrafic\u0103 pentru religia punic\u0103 \u00een ansamblul ei \u0219i \u00eel fac pe Baal Hammon cea mai bine atestat\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> cartaginez\u0103.<\/p><p>Interpretarea Tophetului este disputat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din secolul al XIX-lea. Autorii greci \u0219i romani <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antici<\/span> precum Diodor \u0219i Plutarh relateaz\u0103 despre sacrificii de copii cartagineze, iar o parte a cercet\u0103rii vede \u00een Tophet confirmarea arheologic\u0103 a acestor m\u0103rturii.<\/p><p>O pozi\u021bie contrar\u0103, sus\u021binut\u0103 printre al\u021bii de Sabatino Moscati \u0219i ulterior de al\u021bi cercet\u0103tori, interpreteaz\u0103 sanctuarul drept un cimitir pentru copii mici deceda\u021bi oricum. Investiga\u021biile osteologice mai recente ale oaselor incinerate nu au tran\u0219at definitiv dezbaterea. Pentru descrierea lui Baal Hammon, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 cel mai important l\u0103ca\u0219 de cult al s\u0103u este totodat\u0103 cel mai controversat rezultat al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 culturile trecute pe baza descoperirilor materiale.\" tabindex=\"0\">arheologiei<\/span> punice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d8c90e4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d8c90e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp239ab422 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp239ab422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interpretatio: Saturn, Cronos \u0219i supravie\u021buirea \u00een epoca roman\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22113ba9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp22113ba9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp234d4277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp234d4277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal Hammon nu a disp\u0103rut odat\u0103 cu distrugerea Cartaginei \u00een 146 \u00ee.Hr. \u00cen Africa roman\u0103 a continuat s\u0103 existe sub numele de <em>Saturnus Africanus<\/em>, unul dintre cele mai larg atestate culte ale provinciei Africa.<\/p><p>Sute de stele ale lui Saturn din epoca roman\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103 popula\u021bia punic\u0103 \u0219i-a continuat venerarea vechii divinit\u0103\u021bi principale sub un nume roman, cu tr\u0103s\u0103turi iconografice proprii, precum zeul sub un v\u0103l sau cu secer\u0103.<\/p><p>Grecii \u00eel identificaser\u0103 deja pe Baal Hammon cu <em>Kronos<\/em>, lucru care joac\u0103 un rol mai ales \u00een relat\u0103rile despre sacrificiile de copii, deoarece Kronos \u0219i-a devorat propriii copii.<\/p><p>Romanii au ales apoi Saturn, zeul latin corespondent al lui Kronos. Aceast\u0103 <em>interpretatio<\/em> este pentru cercetare un instrument cu dou\u0103 t\u0103i\u0219uri: pe de o parte arat\u0103 continuitate, pe de alt\u0103 parte suprapune figura punic\u0103 cu reprezent\u0103ri greco-romane.<\/p><p>\u00centrebarea cine a fost Baal Hammon \u00een origine nu poate fi r\u0103spuns\u0103 doar prin ecua\u021bia t\u00e2rzie cu Saturn. Se discut\u0103 dac\u0103 epititul <em>Hammon<\/em> trimite la un toponim, precum Hamath din nordul Siriei sau un munte, ori la cuv\u00e2ntul semitic pentru &#8222;bazin de jar&#8221; sau &#8222;altar de t\u0103m\u00e2iere&#8221;.<\/p><p>Eric Gubel, Paolo Xella \u0219i al\u021bii au lucrat la aceste \u00eentreb\u0103ri, f\u0103r\u0103 ca un consens s\u0103 fi fost atins. Este cert doar c\u0103 masca roman\u0103 a lui Saturn reprezint\u0103 cel mai recent strat al figurii, nu cel originar. Pentru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitatea<\/span> vest-semitic\u0103 cu aceea\u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 onomastic\u0103, vezi \u0219i <a href=\"\/ro\/yam\/\">Yam<\/a> \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> ugaritic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Marcel Le Glay: <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (Paris 1966)<\/li><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (Milano 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar: <em>Le tophet de Salammb\u00f4 \u00e0 Carthage<\/em> (Rom 2004)<\/li><li>Brian Doak: <em>Phoenician Aniconism<\/em> (Atlanta 2015)<\/li><li>Josephine Quinn: <em>In Search of the Phoenicians<\/em> (Princeton 2018)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-baalhammon e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-baalhammon\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-baalhammon-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-baalhammon-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Baal-Hammon apare ca zeu suprem punico-cartaginez, ale c\u0103rui sanctuare din Tofet de la Cartagina atest\u0103 pozi\u021bia sa de principal\u0103 divinitate protectoare; \u00een faza roman\u0103 este venerat \u00een continuare ca Saturnus Africanus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Baal-Hammon Cartagina Punic Saturnus Tofet jertfe de copii Africana.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-baal-hammon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0219i tradi\u021biile de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-feniciene\/\">fenician\u0103<\/a> \u0219i a multor alte culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-baalhammon-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-baalhammon-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te tratamentul medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din domeniul \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Baal-Hammon, zeul suprem punico-cartaginez \u0219i Saturnus Africanus Baal-Hammon (punic b\u02bfl \u1e25mn) este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei punice \u0219i al coloniilor sale. Apare \u00een mod regulat al\u0103turi de Tanit \u0219i este destinatarul ofrandelor votive din Tofet. \u00cen perioada roman\u0103 a fost identificat cu Saturnus. ZeuFenicianDivinitate suprem\u0103 Cuprins \u00cencadrare \u0219i profil succint Baal-Hammon este una dintre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2848,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Baal-Hammon Cartagina zeu suprem","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Baal-Hammon - Zeul suprem al Cartaginei, Tofet, Saturnus","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105579","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Baal-Hammon - Zeul suprem al Cartaginei, Tofet, Saturnus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Baal-Hammon - Zeul suprem cartaginez\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T16:09:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/\",\"name\":\"Baal-Hammon - Zeul suprem al Cartaginei, Tofet, Saturnus\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:09:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:09:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Baal-Hammon &#8211; Zeul suprem cartaginez\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Baal-Hammon &#8211; Zeul suprem cartaginez\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T16:09:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T16:09:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2815,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/baal-hammon\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"description\":\"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Baal-Hammon - Zeul suprem al Cartaginei, Tofet, Saturnus","description":"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Baal-Hammon - Zeul suprem cartaginez","og_description":"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-08-04T16:09:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Timp estimat pentru citire":"14 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Baal-Hammon &#8211; Zeul suprem cartaginez","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:09:14+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:09:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/"},"wordCount":2815,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/","name":"Baal-Hammon - Zeul suprem al Cartaginei, Tofet, Saturnus","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:09:14+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:09:40+00:00","description":"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Zei din tradi\u021bia fenician\u0103."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/acasa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Baal-Hammon &#8211; Zeul suprem cartaginez"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Baal-Hammon &#8211; Zeul suprem cartaginez","datePublished":"2026-08-04T16:09:14+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T16:09:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/"},"wordCount":2815,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baal-hammon\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Baal-Hammon este principalul zeu masculin al Cartaginei, so\u021bul Tanitei \u0219i destinatarul consacr\u0103rilor din Tofet. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105579"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105579\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}