{"id":105553,"date":"2026-08-04T16:07:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/yer-sub-spirit-al-pamantului-si-apei-la-popoarele-turcice\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:07:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:07:33","slug":"yer-sub","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/yer-sub\/","title":{"rendered":"Yer-Sub &#8211; Spirit al p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei la popoarele turcice"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105553\" class=\"elementor elementor-105553 elementor-2638\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub, puterea sacr\u0103 turcic\u0103 veche a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apelor<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub (turcic\u0103 veche <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, \u201eP\u0103m\u00e2nt-Ap\u0103&#8221;) este puterea numinoas\u0103 reunit\u0103 a solului sacru \u0219i a apelor sfinte \u00een sistemul religios turcic vechi \u0219i siberian-tengrist. Ea completeaz\u0103 triada cosmologic\u0103 al\u0103turi de Tengri-sus \u0219i Umai-mijloc. Sursele turcice \u0219i siberian-tengriste descriu Yer-Sub ca putere a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei solului sacru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Spirit al naturii din tradi\u021bia Siberia \/ Tengrism.\">Spirit al naturii<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei Siberia \/ Tengrism.\">Siberia \/ Tengrism<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Putere a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei.\">Putere a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2856\" alt=\"Yer Sub - Geister aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub, <strong>puterea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei<\/strong>, \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia turcic\u0103 veche solul sacru \u0219i elementul curg\u0103tor \u00een acela\u0219i timp.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u0219i profil succint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Spre deosebire de zeii personali <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/umai\/\">Umai<\/a> sau <a href=\"\/ro\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>, Yer-Sub nu este un individ, ci o putere colectiv\u0103, legat\u0103 de loc.<\/p><p>\u00cen inscrip\u021biile de pe Orkhon din secolul al VIII-lea (K\u00fcl-Tigin, Bilge Kagan, Tonyukuk) Yer-Sub apare regulat \u00eentr-o formul\u0103 tripartit\u0103: \u201eTengri (Cerul), Umai (Mama) \u0219i Yer-Sub (P\u0103m\u00e2ntul-Apa) ne-au dat victoria.&#8221; Aceast\u0103 formul\u0103 constituie una dintre cele mai importante atest\u0103ri ale structurii cosmologice a tengrismului turcic vechi.<\/p><p>\u00cen cadrul <a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\">tradi\u021biei siberian-tengriste<\/a>, figuri specializate mai recente, st\u0103p\u00e2nii mun\u021bilor, spiritele izvoarelor, spiritele r\u00e2urilor, preiau func\u021biile concrete atribuite ini\u021bial colectiv lui Yer-Sub. Astfel, Yer-Sub se condenseaz\u0103 \u00een istoria religioas\u0103 ulterioar\u0103 \u00eentr-o multitudine de spirite individuale cu nume propriu, f\u0103r\u0103 a disp\u0103rea ca no\u021biune.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei, Yer-Sub reprezint\u0103 un exemplu ilustrativ de \u201enuminozitate local\u0103&#8221;: spre deosebire de zeii supremi universali, aceast\u0103 putere este legat\u0103 de spa\u021biu \u0219i se concentreaz\u0103 \u00een locuri concrete, trec\u0103tori de munte, izvoare, v\u0103rs\u0103ri de r\u00e2uri, st\u00e2nci. Ea se \u00eenscrie astfel \u00eentr-o linie comun\u0103 cu <em>genii loci<\/em> romani \u0219i cu <em>jinushigami<\/em> japonezi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i etimologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numele este un compus dvandva clasic al turcicii vechi: <em>yer<\/em> (\u201ep\u0103m\u00e2nt, loc, teritoriu&#8221;) \u0219i <em>sub<\/em> (\u201eap\u0103, izvor, r\u00e2u&#8221;). Forma\u021bii comparabile sunt atestate \u00een numeroase limbi indo-europene \u0219i altaice; ele exprim\u0103 faptul c\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u0219i apa nu sunt concepute ca dou\u0103 entit\u0103\u021bi separate, ci ca o pereche inseparabil\u0103 de elemente fundamentale ale vie\u021bii.<\/p><p>\u00cen lumea mongol\u0103 \u00eei corespunde par\u021bial conceptul <em>gazar usu<\/em> (\u201ep\u0103m\u00e2nt-ap\u0103&#8221;) \u0219i <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em> (\u201eMama P\u0103m\u00e2nt&#8221;). \u00cen Siberia, buria\u021bii cunosc <em>Lus<\/em> (spiritele izvoarelor), iar iaku\u021bii cunosc slujitoarea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului a lui <em>Aar Tojon<\/em>, <em>Aan Alakhchyn<\/em>.<\/p><p>Talat Tekin (1968) a clarificat statutul gramatical al lui <em>yer sub<\/em> ca un compus: nu este vorba despre doi zei enumera\u021bi succesiv, ci despre o singur\u0103 putere cu un nume bipartit. Aceast\u0103 observa\u021bie lingvistic\u0103 are consecin\u021be \u00een \u0219tiin\u021ba religiilor, deoarece implic\u0103 o reprezentare integrat\u0103 a puterii p\u0103m\u00e2nt-ap\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub nu posed\u0103 o iconografie proprie. Acolo unde spiritele locale specializate sunt reprezentate vizual, aceasta se realizeaz\u0103 prin movile de pietre (<em>obo<\/em>), st\u00e2lpi de lemn inscrip\u021biona\u021bi (<em>serge<\/em>), leg\u0103turi de p\u00e2nz\u0103 la larice (<em>kyira<\/em>) \u0219i mici figuri de lemn la marginea izvoarelor. Yer-Sub ca \u00eentreg r\u0103m\u00e2ne invizibil; materia \u00eens\u0103\u0219i este trupul s\u0103u.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 absen\u021b\u0103 a imaginilor \u00eel une\u0219te pe Yer-Sub cu \u00eendep\u0103rtatul <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>, spre deosebire de <a href=\"\/ro\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/umai\/\">Umai<\/a> sau <a href=\"\/ro\/erlik-khan\/\">Erlik Han<\/a>, care sunt reprezenta\u021bi personal-antropomorf. Din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei, aceasta marcheaz\u0103 o diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre puterile colectiv-numinoase \u0219i cele individualizate \u00een cadrul unui <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span>.<\/p><p>\u00cen practica mongol\u0103 modern\u0103, Yer-Sub este uneori \u00eentruchipat prin movilele de pietre Ovoo; la s\u0103rb\u0103torile mai mari, \u00een jurul Ovoo-urilor sunt \u00eentinse p\u00e2nze lungi albastre <em>khadag<\/em>, al c\u0103ror albastru face trimitere con\u0219tient\u0103 la <em>M\u00f6ngke K\u00f6ke Tengri<\/em>, \u00een timp ce pietrele \u00eensele \u00eel reprezint\u0103 pe Yer-Sub.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biuni mitologice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Inscrip\u021biile k\u00f6kt\u00fcrcice nu con\u021bin nara\u021biuni despre Yer-Sub, ci invoca\u021bii. Abia \u00een \u00eenregistr\u0103rile etnografice din secolul al XIX-lea (Radloff, Anokhin, Verbickij) apar nara\u021biuni despre st\u0103p\u00e2ni individuali ai mun\u021bilor \u0219i r\u00e2urilor, care \u00eempreun\u0103 completeaz\u0103 spectrul semantic al lui Yer-Sub.<\/p><p>La buria\u021bi, de pild\u0103, lacul Baikal este invocat ca \u201etat\u0103&#8221;, iar mun\u021bii din jur ca \u201efra\u021bi&#8221;, o schem\u0103 familial\u0103 care dizolv\u0103 puterea lui Yer-Sub \u00een metafore de rudenie.<\/p><p>O nara\u021biune altaic\u0103 specific\u0103 relateaz\u0103 cum s-au format mun\u021bii atunci c\u00e2nd Yer-Sub s-a revoltat \u00eempotriva unei tentative a lui Erlik de a lua p\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u00een st\u0103p\u00e2nire proprie: mun\u021bii sunt valuri \u00eencremenite ale unei confrunt\u0103ri cosmice. Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune se situeaz\u0103 la mijlocul drumului \u00eentre miturile crea\u021biei \u0219i cele etiologice.<\/p><p>\u00cen epopeile olonkho iakute, zei\u021ba p\u0103m\u00e2ntului <em>Aan Alakhchyn Khotun<\/em> \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 un aspect al func\u021biei Yer-Sub. Ea locuie\u0219te \u00een arborele sacru din centrul lumii \u0219i ofer\u0103 tuturor fiin\u021belor o parte din apa sa a vie\u021bii, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> care pune \u00een scen\u0103 epic\u0103 conceptul integral p\u0103m\u00e2nt-ap\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Forma cultic\u0103 cea mai important\u0103 este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span> <em>Ovoo<\/em>: pe un trec\u0103tor de munte sau la un izvor semnificativ se ridic\u0103 o movil\u0103 de pietre, \u00eempodobit\u0103 cu leg\u0103turi de p\u00e2nz\u0103 \u0219i cinstit\u0103 prin trei ocoluri \u00een sensul acelor de ceasornic. C\u0103l\u0103torii adaug\u0103 c\u00e2te o piatr\u0103; ciobanii toarn\u0103 pu\u021bin lapte sau kum\u00e2s pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p><p>La nivel de stat, Yer-Sub f\u0103cea parte din jur\u0103mintele hanilor: cine \u00eel tr\u0103deaz\u0103 pe han \u201er\u0103ne\u0219te Yer-Sub&#8221; \u0219i iese din ordine. Aceast\u0103 func\u021bie politic\u0103 este transmis\u0103 implicit chiar \u0219i \u00een relatarea bizantin\u0103 a lui Teofilact Simocatta (\u00eenceputul secolului al VII-lea), c\u00e2nd acesta descrie practicile de jur\u0103m\u00e2nt turcice.<\/p><p>\u00cen Mongolia contemporan\u0103, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span> Ovoo a cunoscut o rena\u0219tere remarcabil\u0103; dup\u0103 1990, mii de Ovoo-uri noi au fost ridicate sau restaurate. Caroline Humphrey a documentat aceast\u0103 rena\u0219tere pe larg \u00een <em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em> \u0219i <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie \u0219i apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor: practicile de protec\u021bie din complexul Yer-Sub urm\u0103resc mai pu\u021bin \u00eendep\u0103rtarea unui pericol, c\u00e2t p\u0103strarea purit\u0103\u021bii locului.<\/p><p>Erau interzise, de pild\u0103, scuipatul \u00eentr-un izvor, ruperea arborilor sacri, satisfacerea nevoilor fiziologice pe un <em>obo<\/em>. \u00cenc\u0103lcarea acestor tabuuri era considerat\u0103 o \u201er\u0103nire a lui Yer-Sub&#8221; \u0219i putea fi, \u00een cadrul tradi\u021biei, urmat\u0103 de e\u0219ec la v\u00e2n\u0103toare sau boal\u0103.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Simbol protector, amulet\u0103 sau obiect apotropaic.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaica<\/span> \u00een sens strict includeau purtarea unor mici pietre de pe muntele sacru, gravarea de formule de protec\u021bie pe st\u00e2lpii de izvor \u0219i prinderea de smocuri de p\u0103r de cal la praguri. Aceste practici sunt \u00eenc\u0103 vii \u00een Mongolia \u0219i \u00een Tuva.<\/p><p>Un detaliu interesant din tradi\u021bia iakut\u0103: \u00eenainte de a p\u0103r\u0103si un loc sacru, \u00eei \u201eceri&#8221; formal \u00eeng\u0103duin\u021ba, adesea cu cuvintele \u201e<em>Bahyy bolokhtuun<\/em>&#8221; (\u201efii \u00eeng\u0103duitor, las\u0103-m\u0103 s\u0103 plec&#8221;). Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de polite\u021be fa\u021b\u0103 de peisaj este, din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei, un exemplu clasic de etic\u0103 animist\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Structural comparabil cu <em>genius loci<\/em> romani; cu spiritele germane ale p\u0103m\u00e2ntului; cu locuitorii celtici ai <em>s\u00eddh<\/em>-urilor; \u00een Japonia cu <em>jinushigami<\/em> din tradi\u021bia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religia indigen\u0103 a Japoniei, caracterizat\u0103 prin venerarea kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span>; \u00een America Latin\u0103 cu <em>apus<\/em> \u0219i <em>huacas<\/em> andine. \u00cen toate cazurile este vorba despre o putere colectiv\u0103, legat\u0103 de loc, cinstit\u0103 prin tabuuri de puritate mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t prin mituri personale.<\/p><p>Deosebit de str\u00e2ns\u0103 este apropierea tipologic\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de sistemul chinez <em>tudi gong<\/em> al zeilor locali ai p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 de tibetanul <em>sa-bdag<\/em> (\u201est\u0103p\u00e2nii p\u0103m\u00e2ntului&#8221;). Aici se relev\u0103 pun\u021bi culturale \u00een interiorul Asiei Interioare, f\u0103r\u0103 ca o derivare istoric\u0103 direct\u0103 s\u0103 fie stabilit\u0103 cu certitudine.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei, Yer-Sub ilustreaz\u0103 ceea ce Mircea Eliade a descris \u00een <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) drept \u201ehierofanie a locului&#8221;: anumite locuri devin, prin marcarea lor ritual\u0103, centru sacral, f\u0103r\u0103 ca acolo s\u0103 trebuiasc\u0103 s\u0103 locuiasc\u0103 un zeu personal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare actual\u0103 \u0219i cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen lumea mongol\u0103 \u0219i tuv\u0103 contemporan\u0103, Yer-Sub (ca <em>gazar usu<\/em> \u0219i respectiv <em>cher-sug<\/em>) a devenit o referin\u021b\u0103 central\u0103 a eticii ecologice. Mai multe ONG-uri cu orientare ecologic\u0103 invoc\u0103 complexul tradi\u021bional Ovoo ca temei argumentativ. Lucr\u0103ri academice de referin\u021b\u0103: Caroline Humphrey (<em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em>, 1983; <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em>, 2002), Roberte Hamayon, Sergei Neklyudov.<\/p><p>Un fir de cercetare aparte leag\u0103 practica Yer-Sub de conflictele actuale privind mineritul \u0219i drepturile asupra apei \u00een Mongolia: grupurile indigene invoc\u0103 inviolabilitatea religioas\u0103 a locurilor Yer-Sub pentru a bloca proiecte de anvergur\u0103. Aceast\u0103 dimensiune politic\u0103 are implica\u021bii \u0219tiin\u021bifice pe care Caroline Humphrey le-a discutat pe larg.<\/p><p>\u00cen Tuva, dup\u0103 1990 s-a constituit o asocia\u021bie <em>D\u00fcng\u00fcr<\/em> a practicienilor \u0219amanici, care codific\u0103 public ritualurile Yer-Sub. Din perspectiv\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, aceast\u0103 codificare reprezint\u0103 un caz interesant de \u201einventariere&#8221; a unei practici ini\u021bial difuze prin structuri asociative moderne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dezbateri de cercetare \u0219i \u00eentreb\u0103ri deschise<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O dezbatere central\u0103 prive\u0219te \u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 Yer-Sub este un <em>termen unitar<\/em> sau un <em>termen colectiv<\/em>. Talat Tekin \u0219i Sergei Neklyudov au pledat pentru o lectur\u0103 integrat\u0103; cercetarea mai recent\u0103 (de pild\u0103 B. Kellner-Heinkele) tinde s\u0103 admit\u0103 personaliz\u0103ri diferite pe plan regional.<\/p><p>O a doua \u00eentrebare deschis\u0103 prive\u0219te rela\u021bia dintre Yer-Sub \u0219i reprezentarea budist\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate incorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte \u00een lume.\" tabindex=\"0\">spiritelor<\/span> locale \u00een Mongolia: c\u00e2t din practica actual\u0103 a Ovoo este prebudist\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2t a fost reformulat\u0103 budist? Walther Heissig a propus aici o teorie a stratific\u0103rii, supus\u0103 \u00een cercetarea mai recent\u0103 unui examen critic.<\/p><p>\u00cen fine, \u0219i aceasta este cea mai important\u0103 \u00eentrebare practic\u0103, cum se raporteaz\u0103 complexul Yer-Sub actual, viu, la mi\u0219c\u0103rile ecologice, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi instrumentalizat de acestea? Ini\u021biativa civic\u0103 mongolo-interioar\u0103 <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> abordeaz\u0103 direct aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare \u0219i furnizeaz\u0103 un c\u00e2mp de cercetare pentru etnologia religioas\u0103 a anilor 2020.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub \u00een dezbaterea ecologic\u0103 modern\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Una dintre cele mai surprinz\u0103toare evolu\u021bii ale cercet\u0103rii recente asupra tengrismului este redescoperirea lui Yer-Sub ca punct de referin\u021b\u0103 al mi\u0219c\u0103rilor ecologice contemporane. Ini\u021biativa civic\u0103 mongol\u0103 <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> (fondat\u0103 \u00een 2001) protesteaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva minelor de aur care distrug izvoare sacre \u0219i cursuri de ap\u0103, invoc\u00e2nd explicit venerarea tradi\u021bional\u0103 a lui Yer-Sub. Caroline Humphrey a documentat aceast\u0103 mi\u0219care \u00een mai multe studii.<\/p><p>Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific, aceast\u0103 evolu\u021bie este ambivalent\u0103. Pe de o parte, demonstreaz\u0103 vitalitatea persistent\u0103 a unui concept religios considerat \u201earhaic&#8221;; pe de alt\u0103 parte, ridic\u0103 pericolul ca con\u021binuturile religioase s\u0103 fie mobilizate selectiv \u00een scopuri politice. Ambele aspecte ar trebui luate \u00een considerare \u00eentr-o analiz\u0103 diferen\u021biat\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen Tuva \u0219i Republica Sakha sunt vizibile mi\u0219c\u0103ri similare; ele creeaz\u0103 o nou\u0103 intersec\u021bie \u00eentre etnologia religioas\u0103 \u0219i ecologia politic\u0103. Fenomenologi ai religiei precum Bron Taylor (<em>Dark Green Religion<\/em>, 2010) au analizat aceast\u0103 constela\u021bie ca \u201ereligie verde&#8221; \u0219i au citat Yer-Sub ca exemplu \u00een acest sens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i leg\u0103tura cu centrul cultural<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cine dore\u0219te s\u0103 studieze complexul Yer-Sub \u00een toat\u0103 amploarea sa va g\u0103si pe pagina de sintez\u0103 <a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\">Tradi\u021bia siberian-tengrist\u0103<\/a> cele mai importante trimiteri la figuri \u00eenrudite precum <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/umai\/\">Umai<\/a> (\u00een formula tripartit\u0103 din Tonyukuk) \u0219i lumile spiritelor legate de loc.<\/p><p><em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968) a lui Talat Tekin r\u0103m\u00e2ne cel mai important fundament filologic pentru stratul turcic vechi. <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002) \u0219i <em>Marx Went Away, But Karl Stayed Behind<\/em> (cu Frank Pieke, 1998) ale lui Caroline Humphrey ofer\u0103 profunzimea etnografic\u0103 contemporan\u0103.<\/p><p><em>Mify narodov mira<\/em> a lui Sergei Neklyudov, vol. 2 (Moscova 1992), con\u021bine cea mai compact\u0103 lucrare rus\u0103 de referin\u021b\u0103 privind complexul Yer-Sub \u0219i ar trebui s\u0103 figureze \u00een orice bibliografie serioas\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fenomenologia religiei a leg\u0103turii cu locul<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub ilustreaz\u0103 din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei categoria \u201enuminozit\u0103\u021bii legate de loc&#8221;, pe care Mircea Eliade a elaborat-o \u00een <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) ca \u201ehierofanie a locului&#8221;. Spre deosebire de zeii supremi universali, aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de numinozitate este legat\u0103 de spa\u021biu \u0219i concret\u0103.<\/p><p>Marcarea ritual\u0103 a unui loc (prin movile de pietre, leg\u0103turi de p\u00e2nz\u0103, st\u00e2lpi de lemn) este un exemplu clasic pentru ceea ce van Gennep a numit \u201esacralizarea peisajului&#8221;. Yer-Sub nu este aici o persoan\u0103 care locuie\u0219te \u00een loc, ci puterea care devine loc ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, o distinc\u021bie important\u0103 din perspectiva fenomenologiei religiei.<\/p><p>Prin compara\u021bie cu conceptul japonez de <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen shinto-ul japonez, fiin\u021bele spirituale venerate \u0219i puterile divine.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em> \u0219i cu <em>genius loci<\/em> roman, se constat\u0103 c\u0103 numinozitatea legat\u0103 de loc este un concept r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit la scar\u0103 mondial\u0103, care \u00eens\u0103 este formulat specific \u00een fiecare tradi\u021bie. Yer-Sub reprezint\u0103 o variant\u0103 deosebit de compact\u0103 \u0219i bine documentat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reflec\u021bie metodologic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen cercetarea Yer-Sub apar mai multe probleme metodice. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd: cuv\u00e2ntul \u00eensu\u0219i este un compus, a c\u0103rui tratare gramatical\u0103 exact\u0103 \u00een turca veche este controversat\u0103. Stabilirea de c\u0103tre Talat Tekin ca \u201eputere unic\u0103 cu nume bipartit&#8221; este acceptat\u0103 \u00een majoritate, dar nu lipsit\u0103 de contesta\u021bii.<\/p><p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd: identificarea Yer-Sub din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un text gravat sau cioplit \u00eentr-un suport fix.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscrip\u021bia<\/span> lui Tonyukuk cu lumea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate incorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte \u00een lume.\" tabindex=\"0\">spiritelor<\/span> mun\u021bilor \u0219i izvoarelor, atestat\u0103 etnografic \u00een secolele XIX-XX, reprezint\u0103 o ipotez\u0103; cercetarea a devenit mai prudent\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd: mobilizarea contemporan\u0103 a lui Yer-Sub \u00een cadrul mi\u0219c\u0103rilor ecologice este solicitant\u0103 din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific. Caroline Humphrey \u0219i Bron Taylor au adus contribu\u021bii importante \u00een acest domeniu, f\u0103r\u0103 a \u00eencheia discu\u021bia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub \u0219i Naadam-ul mongol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Merit\u0103 aprofundat\u0103 rela\u021bia dintre Yer-Sub \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103toarea mongol\u0103 de var\u0103 <em>Naadam<\/em>. Naadam-ul, celebrat anual \u00een iulie, \u00ee\u0219i are originea \u00een invoc\u0103rile zeit\u0103\u021bilor mun\u021bilor \u0219i izvoarelor \u0219i este astfel legat istoric de complexul Yer-Sub.<\/p><p>Cele trei clasice \u201ejocuri b\u0103rb\u0103te\u0219ti&#8221; ale Naadam-ului, curse de cai, tir cu arcul, lupte, sunt ini\u021bial demonstra\u021bii rituale ale for\u021bei tribale \u00een fa\u021ba patronului muntelui \u0219i a lui Yer-Sub. Christopher Atwood a descris \u00een detaliu aceast\u0103 ancorare ritual\u0103 \u00een enciclopedia sa (2004).<\/p><p>\u00cen Mongolia contemporan\u0103, Naadam este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare na\u021bional\u0103 de amploare, totodat\u0103 laic\u0103-statal\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103 religios-tradi\u021bional. Ritualurile Ovoo de la \u00eenceputul s\u0103rb\u0103torii men\u021bin vizibil\u0103 stratul Yer-Sub.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub \u0219i datele arheologice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Datele arheologice referitoare la Yer-Sub sunt limitate, dar revelatoare. \u00cen stepele \u00eenalte din sudul Siberiei (Tuva, Altai) se p\u0103streaz\u0103 movile <em>kurgan<\/em> \u0219i st\u00e2lpi de piatr\u0103 verticali din epoca scitic\u0103 \u0219i hunic\u0103, care sunt interpreta\u021bi ca marcaje rituale ale \u201elocurilor sacre&#8221;. Dac\u0103 aceste marcaje sunt identice cu conceptul ulterior al lui Yer-Sub nu este stabilit cu certitudine.<\/p><p>Un material arheologic deosebit de important \u00eel constituie st\u00e2lpii de piatr\u0103 <em>balbal<\/em> din epoca k\u00f6kt\u00fcrcic\u0103, dispu\u0219i \u00een r\u00e2nduri la mormintele regale. Sergei Klyashtorny a discutat con\u021binutul religios al acestor st\u00e2lpi \u00een <em>Drevnetjurkskie pis&#8217;mennye pamjatniki<\/em> (1964).<\/p><p>O tez\u0103 de mediere leag\u0103 st\u00e2lpii de piatr\u0103 arheologici de st\u00e2lpii <em>serge<\/em> atesta\u021bi etnografic la iaku\u021bi: ambii ar putea fi reflexul unei marc\u0103ri Yer-Sub continue a locurilor, cu lungi continuit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i transform\u0103ri de-a lungul a dou\u0103 milenii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21aa3e2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21aa3e2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2524783c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2524783c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub ca termen dublu: p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i ap\u0103 \u00een tengrism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274b5427 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp274b5427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c867c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c867c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numele <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, literal p\u0103m\u00e2nt-ap\u0103 \u00een limbile turcice, nu desemneaz\u0103 o singur\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> bine conturat\u0103, ci o entitate colectiv\u0103: totalitatea lumii de mijloc cu mun\u021bii, r\u00e2urile, izvoarele \u0219i p\u0103durile sale, conceput\u0103 ca putere \u00eensufle\u021bit\u0103, demn\u0103 de venerare.<\/p><p>Chiar inscrip\u021biile turcice vechi din Valea Orkhon din secolul al VIII-lea, cele mai vechi texte coerente \u00eentr-o limb\u0103 turcic\u0103, men\u021bioneaz\u0103 <em>yer sub<\/em> al\u0103turi de zeul ceresc <em>Tengri<\/em> ca instan\u021b\u0103 care vegheaz\u0103 asupra destinului poporului.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 atestare timpurie este important\u0103 deoarece demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 este vorba despre o reprezentare veche, consemnat\u0103 \u00een scris, \u0219i nu despre o construc\u021bie ulterioar\u0103 a etnografiei. \u00cen inscrip\u021biile de pe Orkhon, <em>yer sub<\/em> apare \u00een acela\u0219i context cu <em>Tengri<\/em> ca puteri care intervin atunci c\u00e2nd poporul se afl\u0103 \u00een primejdie.<\/p><p>Pozi\u021bia teologic\u0103 exact\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eens\u0103 deschis\u0103: dac\u0103 <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> era conceput ca o entitate unitar\u0103, ca o multitudine de spirite locale sau ca ambele deodat\u0103 nu se poate determina cu claritate din concizele texte epigrafice.<\/p><p>\u00cen tradi\u021biile documentate etnografic ulterior ale popoarelor turcice din sudul Siberiei, cum ar fi altaienii \u0219i khakasii, <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> apare frecvent la plural ca o multitudine de st\u0103p\u00e2ni ai unor mun\u021bi, r\u00e2uri \u0219i trec\u0103tori determinate, c\u0103rora c\u0103l\u0103torii le aduceau mici ofrande.<\/p><p>Se manifest\u0103 aici aceea\u0219i oscila\u021bie \u00eentre unitate \u0219i pluralitate ca \u00een mul\u021bi termeni tengristi. Cercetarea, de pild\u0103 cea privind religia altaic\u0103, interpreteaz\u0103 aceasta ca expresie a unei religiozit\u0103\u021bi care nu separ\u0103 strict localul de cel general. Reprezent\u0103ri \u00eenrudite sunt tratate \u00een articolul despre <a href=\"\/ro\/buga-tungus\/\">Buga<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Caroline Humphrey: <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Aus Sibirien<\/em> (1893)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Sergei Neklyudov: <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, vol. 2 (Moscova 1992)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span> turcic vechi al inscrip\u021biilor de pe Orkhon din secolul al VIII-lea \u00eel nume\u0219te pe Yer-Sub ca dubl\u0103 putere sacr\u0103 a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei, care al\u0103turi de zeul ceresc Tengri garanta bun\u0103starea domnitorului \u0219i a poporului.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Yer-Sub Orkhon Bilge Kagan obo ovoo gazar usu Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yer-sub\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0219i tradi\u021biile de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\">Siberiei \/ Tengrismului<\/a> \u0219i a multor alte culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te un tratament medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yer-Sub, puterea sacr\u0103 turcic\u0103 veche a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apelor Yer-Sub (turcic\u0103 veche Yer-Sub, \u201eP\u0103m\u00e2nt-Ap\u0103&#8221;) este puterea numinoas\u0103 reunit\u0103 a solului sacru \u0219i a apelor sfinte \u00een sistemul religios turcic vechi \u0219i siberian-tengrist. Ea completeaz\u0103 triada cosmologic\u0103 al\u0103turi de Tengri-sus \u0219i Umai-mijloc. Sursele turcice \u0219i siberian-tengriste descriu Yer-Sub ca putere a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei solului sacru. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2856,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Yer-Sub p\u0103m\u00e2nt ap\u0103 tengrism","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yer-Sub - Puterea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei \u00een tradi\u021bia turcic\u0103, mit \u0219i surse","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yer-Sub desemneaz\u0103 \u00een credin\u021ba turcic\u0103 veche \u0219i tengrismul puterea sacr\u0103 a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i apei. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, cu surse.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"sibirisch-tengrismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105553","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium 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