{"id":105510,"date":"2026-08-04T16:02:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/idun-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T16:03:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T16:03:21","slug":"idun","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/idun\/","title":{"rendered":"Idun"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105510\" class=\"elementor elementor-105510 elementor-3002\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d8826f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7d8826f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66b00e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66b00e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74126e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74126e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1844c58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1844c58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Idun, zei\u021ba tinere\u021bii \u0219i a merelor de aur<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ff2410 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ff2410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Idun (\u00een nordic\u0103 veche Idunn) este zei\u021ba merelor de \u00eentinerire din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> germanic. \u00cen co\u0219ul ei p\u0103streaz\u0103 merele care le men\u021bin zeilor tinere\u021bea \u0219i vitalitatea. F\u0103r\u0103 merele Idunei, asii \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc \u0219i sunt expu\u0219i mor\u021bii.<\/p><p>R\u0103pirea ei de c\u0103tre uria\u0219ul Thjazi \u0219i readucerea ei de c\u0103tre Loki constituie una dintre episoadele clasice ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> nordice. Idun este considerat\u0103 so\u021bia lui Bragi, zeul artei poetice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e1ebc9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3e1ebc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5009558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5009558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zei\u021b\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/germanisch\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lumea precre\u0219tin\u0103 a zeilor \u0219i spiritelor din nordul \u0219i centrul Europei.\">Germanic<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0aaef3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0aaef3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c985c9b elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"c985c9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c985c9b\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c985c9b\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__c985c9b\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d063be8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d063be8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ade9665 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ade9665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_idun-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3221\" alt=\"Idun - G\u00f6tter aus der Germanisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_idun-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_idun-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_idun-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_idun.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b038c4a e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b038c4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81f6dc7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"81f6dc7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b63043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b63043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mit \u0219i origine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eee45a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eee45a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Snorri Sturluson o men\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe Idun \u00een &#8222;Prosa-Edda&#8221; (Gylfaginning 26 \u0219i Skaldskaparmal 1) drept una dintre asinne, care p\u0103streaz\u0103 mere \u00eentr-o cutie de lemn de frasin, din care asii m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc, redob\u00e2ndindu-\u0219i astfel tinere\u021bea.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Numele s\u0103u Idunn este interpretat etimologic \u00een moduri diferite. O etimologie r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00eel leag\u0103 de id (\u201edin nou&#8221;) \u0219i unna (\u201ea iubi, a d\u0103rui&#8221;), adic\u0103 \u201ecea care d\u0103ruie\u0219te din nou&#8221; sau \u201ecea care \u00eentinere\u0219te din nou&#8221;. Rudolf Simek favorizeaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 lectur\u0103 \u00een \u201eLexikon der germanischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>&#8221; (ed. a 3-a, 2006).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Originea Idunei este neclar\u0103 din punct de vedere genealogic. Snorri o nume\u0219te fiic\u0103 a piticului Ivaldi, ceea ce o plaseaz\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu lumea piticilor. Alte surse o consider\u0103 una dintre asinne f\u0103r\u0103 o genealogie demonstrabil\u0103.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 incertitudine i-a determinat pe cercet\u0103tori, de la Jan de Vries p\u00e2n\u0103 la Margaret Clunies Ross, s\u0103 presupun\u0103 c\u0103 Idun este o veche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> vegetativ\u0103, al c\u0103rei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> originar graviteaz\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd \u00een jurul merelor \u0219i al motivului \u00eentineririi, mai pu\u021bin \u00een jurul unei genealogii elaborate.<\/p>\n<p>Prin compara\u021bie, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> indo-european\u0103 ofer\u0103 mai multe paralele cu fructe sau b\u0103uturi d\u0103t\u0103toare de nemurire: Soma \u0219i Amrita \u00een tradi\u021bia vedic\u0103, nectar \u0219i ambrozie la greci, apa vie\u021bii \u00een multe tradi\u021bii indo-europene.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Georges Dumezil a sus\u021binut \u00een \u201eLe festin d&#8217;immortalite&#8221; (1924) teza c\u0103 toate aceste reprezent\u0103ri provin dintr-un fond indo-european comun. Merele Idunei reprezint\u0103 expresia nordic\u0103 a acestui motiv.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Situa\u021bia surselor privitoare la Idun este redus\u0103 \u00een compara\u021bie cu zei\u021be precum Freyja sau Frigg, \u00eens\u0103 \u201eHaustlong&#8221; al lui Thjodolfr din Hvini (cca. 900) ofer\u0103 cea mai veche atestare literar\u0103 a mitului merelor \u0219i are, prin aceasta, o importan\u021b\u0103 deosebit\u0103. Poemul este un poem al scutului, care descrie imaginile de pe un scut ornamentat.<\/p><p>Una dintre aceste imagini \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 r\u0103pirea Idunei de c\u0103tre Thjazi. Descrierea detaliat\u0103 a acestei imagini \u00een forma \u00eenalt\u0103 scaldic\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> era \u00een secolul al IX-lea t\u00e2rziu \u0219i la \u00eenceputul secolului al X-lea nu doar cunoscut, ci \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit iconografic.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u201eSkaldskaparmal&#8221; 1 al lui Snorri Sturluson extinde materialul din \u201eHaustlong&#8221; cu detalii narative absente din stratul scaldic mai vechi. Cercetarea dezbate, \u00eenc\u0103 de la Eugen Mogk (1923), dac\u0103 Snorri dispunea de o nara\u021biune complet\u0103 pe care a parafrazat-o sau dac\u0103 a construit o nara\u021biune proprie pe baza poemului scutului.<\/span><\/p><p>Andy Orchard, John Lindow \u0219i Margaret Clunies Ross \u00eenclin\u0103 spre ipoteza c\u0103 Snorri dispunea de o tradi\u021bie narativ\u0103 elaborat\u0103, pierdut\u0103 ulterior.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5848f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a5848f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6806a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6806a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simboluri \u0219i atribute<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43f5756 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43f5756\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atributul cel mai proeminent al Idunei \u00eel constituie merele. Snorri nu le descrie \u00een detaliu, \u00eens\u0103 tradi\u021bia ulterioar\u0103 le \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 ca mere de aur.<\/p><p>\u00cen \u201eHaustlong&#8221; al lui Thjodolfr din Hvini (cca. 900), merele sunt numite \u201eleacul vechi al asilor \u00eempotriva b\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u021bii&#8221;. Acest poem scaldic reprezint\u0103 cea mai veche atestare literar\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitului<\/span> Idunei \u0219i are, prin aceasta, o importan\u021b\u0103 deosebit\u0103 pentru cercetarea mitologic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cutia sau co\u0219ul de lemn de frasin \u00een care Idun p\u0103streaz\u0103 merele are, de asemenea, o semnifica\u021bie simbolic\u0103. Frasinul este asociat cu frasinul cosmic Yggdrasil \u0219i stabile\u0219te astfel o ancorare cosmologic\u0103 a motivului \u00eentineririi. Merele \u00eense\u0219i sunt considerate \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 scandinav\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i al vie\u021bii lungi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area obi\u0219nuit\u0103 a Idunei nu este descris\u0103 \u00een detaliu \u00een sursele eddice. \u00cen episodul r\u0103pirii, ea este transformat\u0103 \u00een pas\u0103re (prin haina de \u0219oim a Freyjai), ceea ce stabile\u0219te o leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu reprezent\u0103rile de metamorfoz\u0103 de factur\u0103 \u0219amanic\u0103. Aceast\u0103 metamorfoz\u0103 aviar\u0103 are paralele \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021ba comparat\u0103 a religiilor<\/span> \u00een numeroase tradi\u021bii, de pild\u0103 tradi\u021bia greac\u0103 a lui Aithon, care se transform\u0103 \u00een pas\u0103re.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5187704 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5187704\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51b016 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f51b016\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5654d9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5654d9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u0103rturiile de cult propriu-zis pentru Idun lipsesc \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103. Nu exist\u0103 relat\u0103ri despre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> sau s\u0103rb\u0103tori. Numele s\u0103u nu este reprezentat \u00een mod clar \u00een toponime. Aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie fragmentar\u0103 i-a determinat pe cercet\u0103tori s\u0103 o interpreteze pe Idun \u00een primul r\u00e2nd ca func\u021bie mitic\u0103 \u00een cadrul panteonului asilor, mai pu\u021bin ca zei\u021b\u0103 de cult de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p>Reflexele populare ale \u00eentineririi prin mere sunt \u00eens\u0103 numeroase. \u00cen basmele Scandinaviei \u0219i ale Germaniei, m\u0103rul apare ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O imagine concret\u0103 care reprezint\u0103 un g\u00e2nd abstract.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al nemuririi, al \u00eentineririi sau al cunoa\u0219terii.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Jacob Grimm a adunat \u00een \u201eDeutsche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>&#8221; (1835) numeroase astfel de urme, de pild\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obiceiul<\/span> danez de a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi un m\u0103r \u00eentre mireas\u0103 \u0219i mire \u00een ziua nun\u021bii, ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al duratei comune a vie\u021bii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen sagele islandeze, Idun nu apare ca zei\u021b\u0103 de cult, ci exclusiv \u00een digresiuni mitice, mai ales \u00een \u201eSkaldskaparmal&#8221; a lui Snorri. Numele s\u0103u serve\u0219te \u00een poezia scaldic\u0103 drept kenning pentru femei (\u201eIdun-a-inelului-de-aur&#8221;, \u201eIdun-a-mierii&#8221;). Aceast\u0103 func\u021bie poetic\u0103 umbre\u0219te urmele de cult \u0219i explic\u0103 par\u021bial de ce Idun este mai prezent\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia literar\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een practica religioas\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d38dc48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d38dc48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-551ed1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"551ed1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mituri importante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ed663a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ed663a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mitul principal este r\u0103pirea lui Idun de c\u0103tre Thjazi. Snorri poveste\u0219te \u00een &#8222;Skaldskaparmal&#8221; 1: Odin, H\u00f6nir \u0219i Loki c\u0103l\u0103toresc peste mun\u021bi \u0219i de\u0219erturi. Vor s\u0103 frig\u0103 un bou, \u00eens\u0103 carnea nu vrea s\u0103 se coac\u0103.<\/p><p>Un vultur dintr-un stejar de sus se dezv\u0103luie: este uria\u0219ul Thjazi \u00een chip de pas\u0103re. El \u00ee\u0219i cere partea sa. Loki love\u0219te spre el, \u00eens\u0103 vulturul \u00eel r\u0103pe\u0219te pe Loki ag\u0103\u021bat de un b\u0103\u021b. Loki trebuie s\u0103 promit\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eei va aduce-o pe Idun \u0219i merele ei.<\/p><p>\u00centors \u00een Asgard, Loki o atrage pe Idun afar\u0103 din Asgard, spun\u00e2ndu-i de mere mai minunate din p\u0103dure. Thjazi o apuc\u0103 \u0219i o duce la Thrymheim. Asii \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc. Ei \u00eel for\u021beaz\u0103 pe Loki s\u0103 o aduc\u0103 \u00eenapoi pe Idun.<\/p><p>Loki \u00eemprumut\u0103 haina de \u0219oim a Freyjai, zboar\u0103 la Thrymheim, o transform\u0103 pe Idun \u00eentr-o nuc\u0103 \u0219i o aduce \u00eenapoi. Thjazi urm\u0103re\u0219te \u00een chip de vultur, \u00eens\u0103 asii aprind un foc la zidul Asgardului, care arde penajul lui Thjazi. El se pr\u0103bu\u0219e\u0219te \u0219i este ucis. Skadi, fiica sa, vine la Asgard s\u0103 cear\u0103 satisfac\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n<p>Acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este atestat deja elaborat \u00een &#8222;Haustlong&#8221; al lui Thjodolfr (circa 900), ceea ce \u00eei asigur\u0103 vechimea considerabil\u0103. Este unul dintre pu\u021binele episoade mitice p\u0103strate aproape integral \u00eentr-o compozi\u021bie scaldic\u0103 anterioar\u0103 anului 1000. Compozi\u021bia structural\u0103 (pierdere, c\u0103utare, recuperare, nimicirea adversarului) corespunde unui tipar narativ vechi, \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u0219i \u00een alte tradi\u021bii indo-europene.<\/p>\n<p>Al doilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este apari\u021bia lui Idun \u00een &#8222;Lokasenna&#8221; 17-18. Aici Loki o batjocore\u0219te pe Idun drept &#8222;cea mai \u00eensetat\u0103 de b\u0103rba\u021bi dintre toate femeile&#8221;, deoarece \u0219i-ar fi \u00eencol\u0103cit propriile bra\u021be \u00een jurul uciga\u0219ului fratelui ei.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 aluzie sumbr\u0103 nu este reluat\u0103 \u00een niciun alt text-surs\u0103. Klaus von See o interpreteaz\u0103 ca un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> pierdut sau inventat, care pune fratele lui Idun \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu un incident neprecizat. Pasajul r\u0103m\u00e2ne enigmatic.<\/p>\n<p>Un al treilea episod este p\u0103strat de poemul eddic &#8222;Hrafnagaldr Odins&#8221; (&#8222;Magia corbilor lui Odin&#8221;), a c\u0103rui autenticitate este disputat\u0103. Aici Idun viseaz\u0103 un vis al sf\u00e2r\u0219itului \u0219i cade din fraxinul lumii.<\/p><p>Annette Lassen a demonstrat \u00een edi\u021bia sa (2011) c\u0103 poemul provine probabil din secolul al XVI-lea sau al XVII-lea \u0219i nu apar\u021bine stratului eddic clasic. Cu toate acestea, el ofer\u0103 o privire asupra recept\u0103rii t\u00e2rzii a subiectului legat de Idun.<\/p>\n\n<p>R\u0103pirea lui Idun este un exemplu clasic al tiparului mitic al pierderii \u0219i rec\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103rii plenitudinii vie\u021bii. Zeii \u0219i asii sunt expu\u0219i \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii \u00een absen\u021ba zei\u021bei \u0219i a merelor ei.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 constela\u021bie mitic\u0103 are numeroase paralele \u00een tradi\u021biile indo-europene \u0219i non-europene: retragerea Demetrei dup\u0103 r\u0103pirea Persefonei, eclipsa de soare ca urmare a furtului soarelui \u00een miturile multor popoare, cobor\u00e2rea Innannei \u00een lumea de jos \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> sumerian. Constan\u021ba structural\u0103 a acestor tipare narative a fost sistematizat\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 de Vladimir Propp \u00een &#8222;Morfologia basmului&#8221; (1928) \u0219i ulterior generalizat\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori ai mitului precum Joseph Campbell.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span> con\u021bine totodat\u0103 un element de critic\u0103 moral\u0103: Loki este cauza, \u00eens\u0103 asii \u00eel conving prin presiune s\u0103 o recupereze. Viclenia prin care Idun fusese predat\u0103 (merele &#8222;mai minunate din p\u0103dure&#8221; ale unui alt loc) este anulat\u0103 printr-o a doua viclenie (transformarea \u00eentr-o nuc\u0103).<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Aceast\u0103 dublare a \u0219ireteniei este un tipar tipic al Tricksterului. Lewis Hyde a elaborat \u00een &#8222;Trickster Makes This World&#8221; (1998) dubla func\u021bie a Tricksterului ca perturbator \u0219i rezolvitor, iar Loki este unul dintre cele mai pregnante exemple ale acestei figuri.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a79cc57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a79cc57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e697348 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e697348\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rela\u021bii \u00een panteon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85d56ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85d56ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Idun este so\u021bia lui Bragi, zeul artei poetice. Snorri men\u021bioneaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00een Gylfaginning 26 \u0219i Skaldskaparmal 1. Bragi este o figur\u0103 t\u00e2rzie, ipostaziat\u0103 probabil din poetul scaldic Bragi Boddason al secolului al IX-lea. Leg\u0103tura Idun-Bragi este, prin urmare, probabil o construc\u021bie literar\u0103 a fazei t\u00e2rzii a epocii vikinge.<\/p>\n<p>Fa\u021b\u0103 de Loki, Idun se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o rela\u021bie ambivalent\u0103. Loki este instrumentul r\u0103pirii \u0219i al readucerii ei. Acest rol ambivalent al lui Loki ca autor al problemei \u0219i rezolvitor al acesteia este un tipar recurent: la fel se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 la construc\u021bia zidului Asgardului, la uciderea lui Baldur cu v\u00e2sc, la furtul p\u0103rului Sifei. Loki aduce crize \u0219i le rezolv\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Fa\u021b\u0103 de ceilal\u021bi asi, Idun se comport\u0103 ca o furnizoare indispensabil\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 merele ei, \u00eentreg <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u0219te. Aceast\u0103 dependen\u021b\u0103 a zeilor de o singur\u0103 zei\u021b\u0103 este remarcabil\u0103 din perspectiv\u0103 mitologic\u0103 \u0219i subliniaz\u0103 func\u021bia cosmic\u0103 a Idunei.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Margaret Clunies Ross a interpretat \u00een \u201eProlonged Echoes&#8221; (1994) aceast\u0103 dependen\u021b\u0103 ca element structural al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> eddice: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> nu este autonom, ci depinde de mediatoare precum Idun, Freyja \u0219i Frigg.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4287af4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4287af4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a35e6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a35e6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare \u0219i influen\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5c061 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5c061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen literatura islandez\u0103 medieval\u0103, Idun este prezent\u0103 mai ales prin \u201eSkaldskaparmal&#8221;. Kenninguri scaldice precum \u201enobila Idun a asilor&#8221; (zei\u021ba lui Bragi) sau \u201eb\u0103tr\u00e2na Idun a merelor&#8221; servesc drept perifraze pentru femei. \u00cen secolele al XIII-lea \u0219i al XIV-lea, func\u021bia mitologic\u0103 specific\u0103 a trecut tot mai mult \u00een plan secund, iar prezen\u021ba literar\u0103 s-a men\u021binut.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u00cen secolul al XIX-lea, Idun a devenit popular\u0103 \u00een romantismul nordic. Adam \u00d6hlenschl\u00e4ger a inclus-o \u00een mai multe opere, printre care \u201eNordens Guder&#8221; (1819). \u00cen Suedia, un grup de scriitori na\u021bional-romantici a fondat \u00een 1816 societatea Iduna, dedicat\u0103 cultiv\u0103rii <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> nordice. Revista acesteia, \u201eIduna&#8221;, a ap\u0103rut p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1845. Esaias Tegn\u00e9r era printre membri.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Idun este reprezentat\u0103 de mai multe ori \u0219i \u00een artele plastice ale romantismului nordic, de pild\u0103 de pictorul suedez Nils Blommer (\u201eIdun&#8221;, 1850) \u0219i de pictorul norvegian Peter Nicolai Arbo. Reprezentarea tipic\u0103 o \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 pe Idun cu co\u0219ul plin de mere de aur, adesea \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de asi care se \u00eentind dup\u0103 fructe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen receptarea modern\u0103, Idun apare \u00een romane, benzi desenate \u0219i filme, de obicei ca personaj secundar. Din punct de vedere \u0219tiin\u021bific r\u0103m\u00e2ne relevant\u0103 mai ales pozi\u021bia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitului<\/span> merelor \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021ba comparat\u0103 a religiilor<\/span>, ca expresie nordic\u0103 a motivului universal al fructului d\u0103t\u0103tor de nemurire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610b31a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"610b31a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-856d29b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"856d29b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08338bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08338bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Idun apar\u021bine tipului divinit\u0103\u021bilor vegetative care asigur\u0103 for\u021ba vital\u0103 a panteonului. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0218tiin\u021ba comparat\u0103 a religiilor<\/span>, reprezentat\u0103 de pild\u0103 de Mircea Eliade \u00een \u201ePatterns in Comparative Religion&#8221; (1958), o \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een cercul mediatoarelelor d\u0103t\u0103toare de nemurire.<\/span><\/p><p>Exist\u0103 paralele cu Hebe \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> greac\u0103, care serve\u0219te zeilor nectar, \u0219i cu apsarele indiene, care ofer\u0103 Soma.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Georges Dumezil a interpretat-o pe Idun \u00een \u201eLe festin d&#8217;immortalite&#8221; (1924) drept sora nordic\u0103 a zei\u021bei vedice Sarasvati \u0219i a grecescei Hebe, o tez\u0103 apreciat\u0103 ast\u0103zi cu mai mult\u0103 nuan\u021b\u0103. Merele ca hran\u0103 a nemuririi reprezint\u0103 un vechi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> indo-european, \u00eens\u0103 expresia specific\u0103 a Idunei ca zei\u021b\u0103 a \u00eentineririi este o particularitate germanic\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva folcloristicii, Idun apar\u021bine cercului figurilor fabuloase care st\u0103p\u00e2nesc hrana vie\u021bii \u0219i \u00eentinerirea. Fra\u021bii Grimm au trimis \u00een \u201eAnmerkungen&#8221; la \u201eKinder- und Hausm\u00e4rchen&#8221; de mai multe ori la tema Idunei \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu basme precum \u201eApa vie\u021bii&#8221; (KHM 97) \u0219i \u201eMerele de aur&#8221; (KHM 17). Aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 este tipologic\u0103, nu genetic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u00cencadrarea tipologic\u0103 a Idunei ca zei\u021b\u0103 d\u0103t\u0103toare de nemurire o pune \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu apsarele indiene, Hebe greac\u0103, Tlachtga celtic\u0103 \u0219i alte \u00eentrup\u0103ri feminine ale hranei eterne a vie\u021bii. Aceast\u0103 serie tipologic\u0103 a fost pentru prima dat\u0103 sistematic alc\u0103tuit\u0103 de Georges Dumezil \u00een \u201eLe festin d&#8217;immortalite&#8221; (1924).<\/span><\/p><p>Cercetarea din ultimele decenii, \u00een special prin Edgar Polome \u0219i Jens Peter Schjodt, a rafinat lista cu critici de detaliu: nu toate zei\u021bele desemnate ca d\u0103t\u0103toare de nemurire sunt func\u021bional identice, \u00eens\u0103 tiparul de baz\u0103 al mediatoarei feminine a vitalit\u0103\u021bii divine r\u0103m\u00e2ne recognoscibil.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen istoria religiei nordice, Idun este unul dintre pu\u021binele exemple de zei\u021b\u0103 caracterizat\u0103 nu \u00een primul r\u00e2nd prin rela\u021bii sexuale sau func\u021bii materne, ci printr-o func\u021bie economico-provizorie. Nu are pove\u0219ti de dragoste \u00een surse, nu are copii proeminen\u021bi, nu are rol politic.<\/p><p>Semnifica\u021bia sa const\u0103 \u00een asigurarea genera\u021biei zeilor prin mere. Aceast\u0103 profilare specific\u0103 o face un important corectiv fa\u021b\u0103 de presupunerea c\u0103 figurile feminine din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> nordic\u0103 ar fi \u00een mod fundamental reduse la func\u021bii sexual-fertile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70ed715 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70ed715\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08a9c6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08a9c6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103 suplimentar\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39fd60c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39fd60c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Surse primare: \u201eProsa-Edda&#8221; (Snorri Sturluson, Gylfaginning 26 \u0219i Skaldskaparmal 1), \u201eLokasenna&#8221; \u0219i \u201eHrafnagaldr Odins&#8221; (Edda \u00een versuri), \u201eHaustlong&#8221; (Thjodolfr din Hvini, cca. 900). Texte scaldice la Finnur Jonsson \u201eDen norsk-islandske Skjaldedigtning&#8221; (1912-15), edi\u021bia \u201eHaustlong&#8221; la Richard North \u201eThe Haustlong of Thjodolfr of Hvinir&#8221; (1997).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Jan de Vries \u201eAltgermanische Religionsgeschichte&#8221; (1956\/57).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Georges Dumezil \u201eLe festin d&#8217;immortalite&#8221; (1924).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Margaret Clunies Ross \u201eProlonged Echoes&#8221; (1994\/98).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Annette Lassen \u201eHrafnagaldur Odins&#8221; (2011).<\/span><\/li><li>John Lindow \u201eNorse Mythology&#8221; (2001).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>R\u00e9gis Boyer \u201eLa religion des anciens Scandinaves&#8221; (1981).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Klaus von See et al. \u201eKommentar zu den Liedern der Edda&#8221; (1997 ff.).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Idun, zei\u021ba tinere\u021bii \u0219i a merelor de aur Idun (\u00een nordic\u0103 veche Idunn) este zei\u021ba merelor de \u00eentinerire din panteonul germanic. \u00cen co\u0219ul ei p\u0103streaz\u0103 merele care le men\u021bin zeilor tinere\u021bea \u0219i vitalitatea. F\u0103r\u0103 merele Idunei, asii \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc \u0219i sunt expu\u0219i mor\u021bii. R\u0103pirea ei de c\u0103tre uria\u0219ul Thjazi \u0219i readucerea ei de c\u0103tre Loki constituie [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3221,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Idun","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Idun - Zei\u021ba merelor de aur \u0219i a tinere\u021bii | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Idun este zei\u021ba germanico-nordic\u0103 a tinere\u021bii, p\u0103zitoarea merelor de aur care d\u0103ruiesc asilor tinere\u021be ve\u0219nic\u0103. Mit, r\u0103pirea de c\u0103tre Thiazi.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105510","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Idun - Zei\u021ba merelor de aur \u0219i a tinere\u021bii | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Idun este zei\u021ba germanico-nordic\u0103 a tinere\u021bii, p\u0103zitoarea merelor de aur care d\u0103ruiesc asilor tinere\u021be ve\u0219nic\u0103. 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