{"id":105364,"date":"2026-08-04T14:31:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/keres-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T14:31:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:31:35","slug":"keres","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/keres\/","title":{"rendered":"Keres"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105364\" class=\"elementor elementor-105364 elementor-841\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres, spirit din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Keres este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate incorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte \u00een lume.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Demoni ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103, mesageri ai mor\u021bii \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> greac\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-keres\">Keres pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103 al lui Hesiod<\/h2>\n<p>Keres sunt <strong>demoni ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103<\/strong> din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> greac\u0103, care, potrivit lui Hesiod (Scutul lui Heracles 248-257; Teogonia 211), provin \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Thanatos \u0219i Hypnos din familia Nyx. Sunt <strong>negre, cu gheare lungi \u0219i din\u021bi ascu\u021bi\u021bi, cu ve\u0219minte \u00eembibate de s\u00e2nge<\/strong>, plutesc deasupra c\u00e2mpurilor de lupt\u0103 \u0219i smulg sufletele r\u0103zboinicilor muribunzi.<\/p><p>Spre deosebire de Erinii, ele nu urm\u0103resc abateri moral-juridice, ci \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 <strong>violen\u021ba statistic\u0103 a r\u0103zboiului<\/strong>. \u00cen <em>Scutul lui Heracles<\/em>, se lupt\u0103 pentru cadavre ca ni\u0219te p\u0103s\u0103ri de prad\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen <strong>nara\u021biunea despre Pandora<\/strong>, Keres scap\u0103 din cutia deschis\u0103 de Pandora ca spirite ale bolii \u0219i ale relelor, al\u0103turi de trude, griji \u0219i suferin\u021be. Pausanias relateaz\u0103 despre imagini de templu care \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 Keres ca figuri nocturne scheletice, \u00eenfometate. Figuri \u00eenrudite: Moire (torc\u0103toarele destinului), Eris (discordia), Achlys (cea\u021ba mor\u021bii).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Spirit: Entitate necorporal\u0103 sau semicorporal\u0103, defunct, fiin\u021b\u0103 natural\u0103, spirit al casei sau paznic al pragului. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103, adesea legat de locuri sau familii.\">Spirit<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/griechenland\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religie \u0219i mitologie ale Greciei antice din epoca micenian\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Antichitatea t\u00e2rzie.\">Grecia<\/a><a href=\"\/ro\/totengeister\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Defunc\u021bi ale c\u0103ror spirite continu\u0103 s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze \u00een lumea celor vii, spirite ale casei, str\u0103mo\u0219i, mor\u021bi nelini\u0219titi.\">Spirit al mor\u021bilor<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg 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0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1683\" alt=\"Keres - Geister aus der Griechenland-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Keres sunt demonii mor\u021bii din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103. Apar de obicei \u00een grup, se manifest\u0103 deasupra c\u00e2mpurilor de lupt\u0103 \u0219i culeg sufletele muribunzilor. Homer le descrie deja \u00een Iliada, iar Hesiod le fixeaz\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrina despre con\u021binuturile imaginilor \u0219i semnifica\u021bia lor.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span>. Spre deosebire de figurile cu nume individuale, Keres sunt \u00een mare parte anonime, o clas\u0103, nu o singur\u0103 fiin\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>Caracteristic este c\u0103 apar acolo unde moartea survine brusc \u0219i violent: \u00een r\u0103zboi, \u00een epidemii, \u00een tragedii. Personific\u0103 moartea violent\u0103 \u00een sine, iar num\u0103rul \u0219i \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area lor se schimb\u0103 \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103. \u00cen recep\u021bia t\u00e2rzie antic\u0103 se apropie de Erinii; unii autori folosesc termenii \u00een mod interschimbabil.<\/p><div><p><strong>Keres \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea structurii \u0219i a ordinii lumii \u00een cadrul unei culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span> homeric\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00cen Iliada lui Homer 18.535, Keres sunt descrise ca entit\u0103\u021bi demonice care plutesc deasupra c\u00e2mpurilor de lupt\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103pesc via\u021ba muritorilor. Nu sunt divinit\u0103\u021bi cu propriul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>, ci for\u021be instrumentale, tendin\u021be personalizate spre moarte \u0219i pieire. Homer le nume\u0219te colectiv, niciodat\u0103 la singular: ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un roi, prezen\u021ba lor semnific\u0103 pericol iminent de moarte.<\/p><p>Operele \u0219i zilele \u0219i Teogonia lui Hesiod le clasific\u0103 drept fiice ale Nop\u021bii, \u00eenrudite cu Ker (func\u021bia mor\u021bii la singular). \u00cen aceast\u0103 epic\u0103 timpurie, ele sunt \u00eenc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 form\u0103 fix\u0103, mai degrab\u0103 abstrac\u021biuni dec\u00e2t apari\u021be. Func\u021bia lor este cosmic-necesar\u0103: \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 grani\u021ba dintre via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i moarte.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil succint: Keres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Demonice ale mor\u021bii, culeg\u0103toare de suflete<br>Origine: Nyx (Noaptea), Hesiod; sau din vremea primordial\u0103 a crea\u021biei<br>Texte: Homer, Hesiod, pictur\u0103 pe vase<br>Perioad\u0103: De la Epoca arhaic\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie \u00eentre Antichitate \u0219i Evul Mediu, aproximativ secolele III-VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitatea t\u00e2rzie<\/span><br>R\u0103sp\u00e2ndire: Spa\u021biul cultural grec<br>Ap\u0103rare: Rituri funerare; nicio magie specific\u0103 de ap\u0103rare, deoarece Keres apar acolo unde moartea este deja prezent\u0103<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prima men\u021biune la Homer (Iliada). Hesiod (Teogonia, Scutul lui Heracles) le dezvolt\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrina despre con\u021binuturile imaginilor \u0219i semnifica\u021bia lor.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span>. Tragicii le folosesc ca metafore imagistice ale mor\u021bii. \u00cen perioada clasic\u0103 t\u00e2rzie \u0219i elenistic\u0103, se apropie \u00een literatur\u0103 de Erinii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Spa\u021biul central grec. Nicio istorie proprie de migra\u021bie; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivul<\/span> r\u0103m\u00e2ne legat de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> homeric\u0103 \u0219i hesiodic\u0103, dar continu\u0103 s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze ca motiv \u00een literatura roman\u0103 \u0219i bizantin\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Literatur\u0103 epic\u0103 \u0219i tragic\u0103; descrieri \u00een &#8222;Scutul lui Heracles&#8221; al lui Hesiod; iconografic \u00een pictura pe vase. Spre deosebire de Lamia sau Empusa, lipse\u0219te o cultur\u0103 popular\u0103 de amulete \u00eempotriva lor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Greac\u0103:<\/strong> <em>\u039a\u03ae\u03c1<\/em> (Ker, singular), <em>\u039a\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> (Keres, plural).<br>Etimologie: legat\u0103 de termenii pentru &#8222;pieire&#8221;, &#8222;lovitur\u0103 a sor\u021bii&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitate<\/span>, num\u0103rul variaz\u0103. La Hesiod sunt nenum\u0103rate \u0219i formabile; tragicii folosesc &#8222;Ker&#8221; \u0219i metaforic pentru moartea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i. Nu exist\u0103 o persoan\u0103 individual\u0103 cu nume \u0219i biografie; Keres r\u0103m\u00e2n o clas\u0103 anonim\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are<\/strong><\/p><p>Femei \u00eenaripate cu ve\u0219minte \u00eentunecate, din\u021bi lungi \u0219i gheare p\u0103tate de s\u00e2nge. Hesiod le descrie din\u021bii ca albi \u0219i ochii ca sclipitori. Apar \u00een grup, adesea cerc\u00e2nd c\u00e2mpurile de lupt\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Comportament<\/strong><\/p><p>Culeg sufletele muribunzilor, le beau s\u00e2ngele, se disput\u0103 cadavrele. Spre deosebire de Thanatos, care aduce moartea lini\u0219tit\u0103, Keres sunt figuri ale mor\u021bii violente, s\u00e2ngeroase \u0219i haotice.<\/p><p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune<\/strong><\/p><p>C\u00e2mpuri de lupt\u0103, locuri b\u00e2ntuite de cium\u0103, catastrofe. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 acolo unde oamenii mor \u00een mas\u0103 \u0219i violent. Sunt \u00een mare parte absente \u00een vremuri de pace.<\/p><p><strong>Origine mitologic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>La Hesiod, fiice ale Nyx, surori ale Moirelor \u0219i ale lui Thanatos. Unele tradi\u021bii le fac produse ale Haosului. \u00cen ambele cazuri apar\u021bin stratului arhaic-nocturn al crea\u021biei.<\/p><div><p><strong>Keres \u0219i conceptele de corup\u021bie \u00een Platon \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> elenistic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>Platon nu folose\u0219te direct Keres \u00een dialogurile sale, dar conceptul spiritelor htoniene ale corup\u021biei \u00eei modeleaz\u0103 ierarhia demonilor. \u00cen <em>Republica<\/em>, spiritele inferioare sunt clasificate drept executori ai ordinii cosmice, \u00een mod similar cu Keres.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologia<\/span> elenistic\u0103, \u00een special \u00een tradi\u021bia orfic\u0103 \u0219i neoplatonic\u0103, diferen\u021bia \u00eentre divinit\u0103\u021bile \u00eenalte \u0219i puterile demonice inferioare, printre care Keres se situau ca demoni ai mor\u021bii.<\/p><p>Ele nu mai erau \u00een\u021belese ca simple atribute de lupt\u0103 homerice, ci ca o clas\u0103 ontologic\u0103 genuin\u0103: fiin\u021be care mijloceau \u00eentre zei \u0219i oameni, cu func\u021bii specializate \u00een metabolismul vie\u021bii \u0219i al mor\u021bii. Din aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103, Keres deveneau exemple ale \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birii demiurgice a lumii: fiecare for\u021b\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i avea ni\u0219a sa cosmologic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Keres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aspectele esen\u021biale ale Keres dintr-o privire de ansamblu. Detaliile privind denumirea, descrierea, ap\u0103rarea \u0219i paralelele se g\u0103sesc \u00een capitolele 2, 3, 5 \u0219i 6.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Originea Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fiice ale Nyx, ale Nop\u021bii. Surori ale Moirelor \u0219i ale lui Thanatos, apar\u021bin\u00e2nd stratului nocturn-arhaic al crea\u021biei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Victimele Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Solda\u021bi, bolnavi de cium\u0103, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar adresat unei divinit\u0103\u021bi pentru a exprima mul\u021bumire, rug\u0103minte sau venera\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">victime<\/span> ale nenorocirii \u0219i catastrofei. Apar acolo unde moartea este violent\u0103 \u0219i brusc\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Femei \u00eenaripate, ve\u0219minte \u00eentunecate, din\u021bi lungi \u0219i ascu\u021bi\u021bi, gheare p\u0103tate de s\u00e2nge. Apar \u00een grup, adesea cerc\u00e2nd c\u00e2mpurile de lupt\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ac\u021biunea Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Culeg suflete, beau s\u00e2nge, se disput\u0103 cadavrele. Nu aduc o moarte nou\u0103, ci consum\u0103 moartea deja survenit\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ap\u0103rarea \u00eempotriva Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nicio magie specific\u0103 de ap\u0103rare; Keres fac parte din moartea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i. Protec\u021bia const\u0103 doar \u00een evitarea c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103, a locurilor de cium\u0103 \u0219i a situa\u021biilor violente.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele ale Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Erinii (tranzi\u021bie fluid\u0103), Valkyrjar (germanice), Gallu (mesopotamiene), Tzitzimime (aztece), motive ale mor\u021bii personificate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Demonologie \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualuri de ap\u0103rare<\/strong><\/p><p>Keres individuale nu sunt invocate sau \u00eendep\u0103rtate; ele apar\u021bin mor\u021bii, care nu este negociabil\u0103. Important din punct de vedere ritual este \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea corect\u0103 \u0219i bocetul funebru, care reglementeaz\u0103 ceea ce Keres nu reglementeaz\u0103: demnitatea desp\u0103r\u021birii.<\/p><p><strong>Invoca\u021bii<\/strong><\/p><p>Nicio incanta\u021bie specific\u0103 \u00eempotriva Keres. \u00cen papirusurile magice \u0219i \u00een defixiones, termenul &#8222;Keres&#8221; poate ap\u0103rea ca denumire a relelor dintr-o formul\u0103 de blestem, dar nu ca destinatari individuali.<\/p><p><strong>Amulete \u0219i simboluri protectoare<\/strong><\/p><p>Ap\u0103rare general\u0103 \u00eempotriva mor\u021bii prin apotropaica (Gorgoneion, falus, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 potrivit c\u0103reia privirea invidioas\u0103 a unei alte persoane poate cauza prejudicii.\" tabindex=\"0\">deochi<\/span>). Lipsesc amule\u021bele specifice \u00eempotriva Keres. Protec\u021bia const\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 \u00een evitarea situa\u021biilor \u00een care Keres apar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Roma:<\/strong> Dirae\/Furiae preiau aspectul de r\u0103zbun\u0103toare, \u00een timp ce Keres ca figuri pure ale mor\u021bii sunt mai pu\u021bin prezente \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> roman. \u00cen schimb, Mors (moartea) preia func\u021bia individual.<\/p><p><strong>Tradi\u021bia germanic\u0103:<\/strong> Valkyriile culeg c\u0103zu\u021bii de pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103. Structural \u00eenrudite, \u00een alt cadru teologic.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia \u0219i altele:<\/strong> Executorii lumii subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene Gallu sunt func\u021bional \u00eenrudi\u021bi, chiar dac\u0103 \u00een cu totul alt cadru mitic. \u00cen numeroase culturi exist\u0103 mesageri ai mor\u021bii care apar \u00een grup \u0219i culeg suflete.<\/p><div><p><strong>Keres \u00een papirusurile de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> \u0219i practica magic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00cen papirusurile magice elenistice (PGM), Keres sunt rar invocate direct, \u00eens\u0103 conceptul demonilor mor\u021bii \u0219i al corup\u021biei str\u0103bate textele de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Formul\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 prin care se urm\u0103re\u0219te cauzarea unui r\u0103u unei persoane sau unui lucru.\" tabindex=\"0\">blestem<\/span> magic. Papirusurile care con\u021bin blesteme de sf\u00e2\u0219iere, uscare sau paralizare invoc\u0103 adesea puteri htoniene anonime a c\u0103ror func\u021bie corespunde Keres: separare, distrugere, r\u0103pire a vitalit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p><p>Papirusurile arat\u0103 c\u0103 vr\u0103jitorii din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie \u00eentre Antichitate \u0219i Evul Mediu, aproximativ secolele III-VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitatea t\u00e2rzie<\/span> posedau o teorie diferen\u021biat\u0103 a puterilor inferioare; nu toate erau malefice, dar toate erau specializate. Keres apar\u021bineau clasei for\u021belor necesare, care nu aveau nevoie de moral\u0103, deoarece misiunea lor decurgea din arhitectura cosmic\u0103.<\/p><p>Un vr\u0103jitor care dorea s\u0103 \u00eemboln\u0103veasc\u0103 sau s\u0103 sl\u0103beasc\u0103 invoca astfel de puteri nu ca du\u0219mani, ci ca instrumente tehnice al c\u0103ror uz presupunea o justificare etic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8602301 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8602301\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b7edad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7b7edad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres la Homer: moartea pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbfea484 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpbfea484\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74cc2f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp74cc2f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cele mai vechi \u0219i mai dense atest\u0103ri ale Keres provin din epopeile homerice, \u00een special din <em>Iliada<\/em>. Acolo, Keres nu sunt personific\u0103ri abstracte, ci sunt str\u00e2ns legate de experien\u021ba mor\u021bii violente \u00een r\u0103zboi.<\/p><p>Cuv\u00e2ntul grecesc <em>k\u0113r<\/em> desemneaz\u0103 ini\u021bial soarta mor\u021bii repartizat\u0103 unui om, pieirea care \u00eel ajunge. La plural, Keres apar ca figuri fantomatice care aduc sau \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 moarte.<\/p><p>Un pasaj celebru este c\u00e2nt\u0103rirea sor\u021bilor mor\u021bii: Zeus a\u0219az\u0103 \u00een balan\u021b\u0103, \u00een c\u00e2ntul al nou\u0103sprezecelea al <em>Iliadei<\/em>, Keres lui Ahile \u0219i ale lui Hector, iar soarta mai grea coboar\u0103 spre lumea subp\u0103m\u00e2ntean\u0103, hot\u0103r\u00e2nd astfel moartea lui Hector.<\/p><p>Aici, Ker este aproape echivalent\u0103 cu destinul personal al eroului. \u00centr-un alt pasaj, \u00een c\u00e2ntul al optsprezecelea, pe scutul lui Ahile apare o Ker \u00eenfior\u0103toare \u00een tumultul luptei, cu ve\u0219m\u00e2nt p\u0103tat de s\u00e2nge, t\u00e2r\u00e2nd c\u0103zu\u021bii \u0219i r\u0103ni\u021bii de picioare afar\u0103 din lupt\u0103.<\/p><p>Din aceste pasaje rezult\u0103 o imagine dubl\u0103. Pe de o parte, Ker este destinul mor\u021bii individual, fixat \u00eenc\u0103 de la na\u0219tere; Ahile vorbe\u0219te despre cele dou\u0103 Keres \u00eentre care poate alege, o via\u021b\u0103 scurt\u0103 \u0219i glorioas\u0103 sau una lung\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 glorie. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, Keres sunt fiin\u021be active \u0219i s\u00e2ngeroase, care umbl\u0103 pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103.<\/p><p>Cercetarea a dezb\u0103tut \u00eendelung dac\u0103 este vorba de dou\u0103 reprezent\u0103ri diferite sau de aspecte ale uneia singure. Multe argumente sus\u021bin c\u0103 grecii puteau experimenta moartea at\u00e2t ca un destin repartizat, c\u00e2t \u0219i ca o putere atacatoare, f\u0103r\u0103 a vedea \u00een aceasta o contradic\u021bie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd673b2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbd673b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0a14da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0a14da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres, Moire \u0219i Thanatos: delimitarea puterilor mor\u021bii \u00eenrudite<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp890fc3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp890fc3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp209632e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp209632e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Keres se situeaz\u0103 \u00een g\u00e2ndirea greac\u0103 al\u0103turi de mai multe alte puteri legate de moarte \u0219i destin, iar delimitarea lor exact\u0103 nu era \u00eentotdeauna clar\u0103 nici pentru autorii antici. Cea mai important\u0103 este distinc\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de <a href=\"\/ro\/moiren\/\">Moire<\/a>, cele trei torc\u0103toare ale destinului.<\/p><p>\u00cen timp ce Moirele, la Hesiod \u0219i \u00een tradi\u021bia ulterioar\u0103, repartizeaz\u0103, m\u0103soar\u0103 \u0219i taie firul vie\u021bii, \u00eentruchip\u00e2nd latura ordonatoare a destinului, Keres reprezint\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 cazul concret de moarte, adesea violent \u0219i funest.<\/p><p>Hesiod aduce \u00een <em>Teogonie<\/em> ambele categorii \u00een vecin\u0103tatea Nyx, a Nop\u021bii, care le na\u0219te f\u0103r\u0103 tat\u0103; \u00een enumerarea sa apar Keres, Moirele, Thanatos, Hypnos \u0219i alte figuri sumbre ca fra\u021bi \u0219i surori.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 genealogie le situeaz\u0103 pe Keres de partea nocturn\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenfior\u0103toare a cosmosului. De Thanatos, personificarea lini\u0219tit\u0103 a mor\u021bii \u00eense\u0219i, Keres se disting prin caracterul lor activ \u0219i pr\u0103d\u0103tor. Thanatos preia, Keres smulg.<\/p><p>\u00cen <em>Aspis<\/em>, poemul scutului transmis sub numele lui Hesiod, se g\u0103se\u0219te o descriere deosebit de drastic\u0103: Keres sunt descrise acolo ca albastre \u0219i cu din\u021bi albi r\u00e2nji\u021bi, disput\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103zu\u021bii, \u00eenfig\u00e2ndu-\u0219i ghearele \u00een trup \u0219i b\u00e2nd s\u00e2ngele \u00eentunecat.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 zugr\u0103vire vampiric\u0103 este una dintre cele mai ample din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitate<\/span>. Cercetarea a subliniat c\u0103 Keres se apropie cel mai mult de ceea ce se imagina a fi demoni s\u00e2ngero\u0219i ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 tocmai prin aceasta se deosebesc de Moirele, concepute mai nobiliar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe357717 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe357717\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d7b0d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d7b0d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u0103rb\u0103toarea atenian\u0103 a Antesteriilor \u0219i alungarea Keres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d73762 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7d73762\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpba9eef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpba9eef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dincolo de poezia epic\u0103, Keres sunt legate de calendarul festiv atenian, \u0219i anume de <em>Antesterii<\/em>, o s\u0103rb\u0103toare de prim\u0103var\u0103 \u00een cinstea lui Dionysos, \u00een luna Anthesterion. Aceast\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare de trei zile avea un caracter pronun\u021bat ambivalent.<\/p><p>Celebra vinul nou, dar era totodat\u0103 o perioad\u0103 \u00een care mor\u021bii \u0219i spiritele \u00eenfior\u0103toare umblau prin ora\u0219. Ultima zi, <em>Chytroi<\/em>, era dedicat\u0103 defunc\u021bilor \u0219i puterilor htoniene.<\/p><p>Din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> antic\u0103, \u00een special din lexicografi \u0219i scolii t\u00e2rzii, este cunoscut\u0103 expresia: &#8222;Afar\u0103, Keres, Antesteriile s-au terminat&#8221;. Ea era rostit\u0103 aparent la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul s\u0103rb\u0103torii, pentru a izgoni din case \u0219i din ora\u0219 spiritele l\u0103sate s\u0103 intre sau tolerate pe durata s\u0103rb\u0103torii.<\/p><p>Unele surse citesc \u00een locul &#8222;Keres&#8221; \u0219i &#8222;Kares&#8221;, adic\u0103 carienii, ceea ce a condus la interpret\u0103ri diferite. Cercetarea din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, \u00een lucr\u0103rile clasice ale lui Erwin Rohde \u0219i Jane Harrison, a discutat intens acest pasaj.<\/p><p>Dac\u0103 lectura &#8222;Keres&#8221; este corect\u0103, rezult\u0103 un element important: Keres nu erau doar figuri literare ale epopeii, ci parte a practicii rituale tr\u0103ite. Pe durata Antesteriilor, tocul u\u0219ilor era uns cu smoal\u0103 \u0219i se respectau anumite obiceiuri care delimitau timpul festiv \u00eenfior\u0103tor.<\/p><p>Keres apar aici ca o clas\u0103 deschis\u0103 de spirite ale mor\u021bilor \u0219i puteri ale relelor, pe care le tolerai pentru o perioad\u0103 limitat\u0103 \u0219i pe care le izgoneai apoi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui ritual religios fixat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>. Astfel, Keres se \u00eenscriu \u00een cercul larg de reprezent\u0103ri grece\u0219ti despre spiritele care p\u0103trund \u00een lumea oamenilor la momente de prag ale anului \u0219i care trebuie alungate prin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> fix.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2f747d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa2f747d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe0b90e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe0b90e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Extinderea conceptului: Keres ca demoni ai bolii \u0219i ai relelor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33e1509 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp33e1509\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11c849e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp11c849e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen literatura post-homeric\u0103, conceptul de Ker se extinde dincolo de moartea pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103. La Hesiod \u0219i \u00een texte ulterioare, <em>k\u0113r<\/em> poate desemna orice form\u0103 de pieire: boal\u0103, b\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u021be, foamete, nebunie, orice r\u0103u care love\u0219te omul. Keres devin astfel o categorie colectiv\u0103 pentru tot ceea ce scurteaz\u0103, deterioreaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eencheie via\u021ba.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 extindere semantic\u0103 se manifest\u0103 cel mai clar \u00een nara\u021biunea despre Pandora. Din vasul deschis pe care Pandora \u00eel aduce la Hesiod scap\u0103 relele asupra omenirii; \u00een exegeza antic\u0103, aceste calamit\u0103\u021bi au fost frecvent identificate cu Keres sau apropiate de ele.<\/p><p>\u0218i \u00een arta figurativ\u0103 apar figuri \u00eenaripate legate de boal\u0103 \u0219i moarte, puse \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Keres, chiar dac\u0103 atribuirea iconografic\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne adesea incert\u0103, deoarece Keres, <a href=\"\/ro\/erinyen\/\">Erinii<\/a>, Harpiile \u0219i Sirenele se suprapun \u00een reprezentare.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 deschidere conceptual\u0103 este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru \u00een\u021belegerea Keres. Ele nu au constituit niciodat\u0103 un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> bine delimitat cu nume \u0219i func\u021bii fixe, cum erau de pild\u0103 cei doisprezece zei olimpici.<\/p><p>Cercetarea descrie Keres mai degrab\u0103 ca o categorie reprezenta\u021bional\u0103: ca multitudinea personificat\u0103 a felurilor de moarte \u0219i a relelor vie\u021bii. Tocmai aceast\u0103 nedeterminare le-a f\u0103cut utile pentru poe\u021bii \u0219i g\u00e2nditorii greci.<\/p><p>Ori de c\u00e2te ori era vorba de a \u00een\u021belege relele ca putere activ\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a le conferi rangul deplin al unei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinit\u0103\u021bi<\/span> cu nume, se putea vorbi de o Ker sau de Keres. Ele se situeaz\u0103 astfel la grani\u021ba dintre personificare, concept al destinului \u0219i demonologie, \u0219i tocmai la aceast\u0103 grani\u021b\u0103 rezid\u0103 interesul lor din perspectiva istoriei religiilor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaa4ebda e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaa4ebda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7b01df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7b01df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supravie\u021buirea Keres \u00een tradi\u021bia t\u00e2rzie antic\u0103 \u0219i neogreac\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp70a8cae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp70a8cae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp316af1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp316af1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00centrebarea dac\u0103 \u0219i \u00een ce mod Keres au supravie\u021buit dup\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul religiei antice a fost mult dezb\u0103tut\u0103 \u00een cercetarea folcloristic\u0103. Un fir des citat leag\u0103 Keres antice de <em>Charos<\/em> sau <em>Charontas<\/em> neogrec \u0219i de alte figuri ale mor\u021bii din tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 greac\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00centr-adev\u0103r, numele luntra\u0219ului antic Charon s-a transformat \u00een credin\u021ba popular\u0103 neogreac\u0103 \u00eentr-o figur\u0103 activ\u0103 a mor\u021bii, adesea c\u0103lare, care vine s\u0103 ia oamenii.<\/p><p>Cercet\u0103tori din secolul al XIX-lea \u0219i \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, printre care Bernhard Schmidt \u00een lucrarea sa despre via\u021ba popular\u0103 a neogreilor, au \u00eencercat s\u0103 vad\u0103 \u00een astfel de figuri o continuare a demonilor antici ai mor\u021bii. Cercetarea actual\u0103 este mai prudent\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p>Ea subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentre Keres antice \u0219i reprezent\u0103rile neogrece\u0219ti ale mor\u021bii nu se poate demonstra o linie ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 \u00eentre ele se interpun straturi cre\u0219tine, bizantine \u0219i de cultur\u0103 popular\u0103. O identitate direct\u0103 \u00eentre Ker antic\u0103 \u0219i Charos neogrec nu poate fi dovedit\u0103.<\/p><p>Ceea ce se poate afirma \u00een mod serios este urm\u0103torul lucru: cultura greac\u0103 a p\u0103strat de-a lungul secolelor o tendin\u021b\u0103 de a g\u00e2ndi moartea ca o figur\u0103 activ\u0103, adesea amenin\u021b\u0103toare, nu doar ca o stare.<\/p><p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 lung\u0103 linie, Ker se afl\u0103 la \u00eenceput. \u00cen recep\u021bia modern\u0103, \u00een lexicoanele de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologie<\/span>, \u00een literatura fantastic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een jocuri video, Keres au reap\u0103rut, de obicei ca spirite \u00eenaripate ale mor\u021bii sau ca demoni generici ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103.<\/p><p>Aceste reprezent\u0103ri se inspir\u0103 \u00een principal din descrierea drastic\u0103 a <em>Aspis<\/em> \u0219i ignor\u0103 \u00een mare parte aspectele mai dificile, conceptul de destin \u0219i ancorarea ritual\u0103. Pentru analiza \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne esen\u021bial s\u0103 se disting\u0103 simplificarea popular\u0103 de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> antic\u0103 multistratificat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leg\u0103turi interne recomandate:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/griechenland\/\">Grecia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/erinyen\/\">Erinii<\/a> (tranzi\u021bie apropiat\u0103)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a> (paralele mesopotamiene)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/thanatos\/\">Thanatos<\/a> \u0219i Moirele (context mitologic)<\/li><li>Mitologia <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103<\/span> \u0219i cultul mor\u021bilor<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>O selec\u021bie de surse \u0219i studii centrale despre Keres \u0219i despre reprezent\u0103rile grece\u0219ti ale mor\u021bii:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Vermeule, Emily: <em>Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry<\/em>. Berkeley 1979.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Burkert, Walter: <em>Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche<\/em>. Stuttgart 1977.<\/span><\/li><li>Wachsmuth, Dietrich: \u201eKeres&#8221;, in: <em>Der kleine Pauly<\/em>, Bd. 3.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane: <em>&#39;Reading&#39; Greek Death<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Literatur\u0103 de referin\u021b\u0103 (Grecia):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bremmer, Jan N.<\/strong>: <em>Greek Religion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bonnefoy, Yves<\/strong>: <em>Greek and Egyptian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-keres-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-keres-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-keres\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-keres-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-keres-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Practica de protec\u021bie descris\u0103 aici reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor a tradi\u021biilor istorice. iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een aceast\u0103 linie cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile \u0219i reprezint\u0103 o form\u0103 contemporan\u0103 a acesteia. <a href=\"\/ro\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Keres, spirit din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103 Keres este spirit din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103. Demoni ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103, mesageri ai mor\u021bii \u00een mitologia greac\u0103. Keres pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103 al lui Hesiod Keres sunt demoni ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103 din mitologia greac\u0103, care, potrivit lui Hesiod (Scutul lui Heracles 248-257; Teogonia 211), provin \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Thanatos \u0219i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1683,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Keres demoni ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Keres - Spirit din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Keres, demoni ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103 - mesageri ai mor\u021bii \u00een mitologia greac\u0103. Hesiod \u0219i Homer, rela\u021bia cu Thanatos \u0219i motivul","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105364","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Keres - Spirit din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Keres, demoni ai c\u00e2mpului de lupt\u0103 - mesageri ai mor\u021bii \u00een mitologia greac\u0103. 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