{"id":105335,"date":"2026-08-04T14:27:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/iblis-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T14:27:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:27:35","slug":"iblis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/iblis\/","title":{"rendered":"Iblis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105335\" class=\"elementor elementor-105335 elementor-1023\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis, figur\u0103 din tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Cel care refuz\u0103, adversarul Islamului.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-iblis\">Iblis \u00een nara\u021biunea c\u0103derii \u00eengerilor<\/h2>\n<p>Iblis este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd <strong>figura c\u0103derii \u00eengerilor<\/strong> din tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103. \u0218apte sure (Q 2:34; 7:11-18; 15:28-43; 17:61-65; 18:50; 20:116-123; 38:71-85) relateaz\u0103 \u00een mod coerent: Allah \u00eel creeaz\u0103 pe <strong>Adam din lut<\/strong>, poruncindu-le tuturor \u00eengerilor \u0219i lui Iblis s\u0103 se prosterneze; Iblis refuz\u0103, motiv\u00e2nd c\u0103 a fost creat din <strong>foc<\/strong>, mai nobil dec\u00e2t lutul. Acest p\u0103cat al trufiei (<em>kibr<\/em>) duce la blestemarea sa.<\/p><p>Iblis cere am\u00e2nare p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Ziua Judec\u0103\u021bii \u0219i o ob\u021bine, devenind <strong>ispititor al omenirii<\/strong>. \u00cen aceast\u0103 func\u021bie el mai este numit \u0219i <em>al-Shaitan<\/em> (\u201eadversarul&#8221;) sau <em>al-rajim<\/em> (\u201ecel alungat cu pietre&#8221;).<\/p><p><strong>Lectura sufist\u0103<\/strong> (al-Hallaj, \u02bfAttar) reinterpreteaz\u0103 paradoxal refuzul s\u0103u: din dragoste fa\u021b\u0103 de Allah, el dorea s\u0103 se prosterneze numai \u00eenaintea lui Dumnezeu; aceast\u0103 lectur\u0103 este eretic\u0103 \u00een mainstream, dar elaborat\u0103 teologic.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/islam\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Universul credin\u021belor islamice cu arhangheli, djinni \u0219i fiin\u021be religioase.\">Islam<\/a><a href=\"\/ro\/anti-goetter\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"For\u021be ale haosului \u0219i adversari cosmici, figuri antagoniste \u00een dualismul istoriei religiilor.\">Anti-zeu<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1595\" alt=\"Iblis - G\u00f6tter aus der Islam-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iblis este figura principal\u0103 a adversarului \u00een tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103. Scena sa cheie, relatat\u0103 \u00een Coran \u00een mai multe locuri (printre altele Sura 2,34; 7,11, 18; 15,28, 35; 38,71, 85), este refuzul de a se prosterna \u00eenaintea lui Adam.<\/p><p>C\u00e2nd Dumnezeu \u00eel creeaz\u0103 pe om din lut \u0219i le porunce\u0219te <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerilor<\/span> s\u0103 i se \u00eenchine, Iblis se \u00eempotrive\u0219te: el a fost f\u0103cut din foc, Adam doar din lut. Acest singur refuz \u00eel face conduc\u0103torul Shayatin.<\/p><p>Structural, el se deosebe\u0219te de Satan: potrivit Surei 18,50, Iblis nu este un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span>, ci un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen Coran, fiin\u021b\u0103 din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum, dotat\u0103 cu liberul arbitru, nici \u00eenger, nici demon, ci o crea\u021bie independent\u0103 cu propria moralitate.\">Jinn<\/span>, totu\u0219i se afla printre \u00eengeri, at\u00e2t de mare \u00eei era rangul. C\u0103derea sa nu este o lupt\u0103 pentru putere, ci neascultare. Activitatea sa p\u00e2n\u0103 la Judecata de Apoi este \u00eeng\u0103duit\u0103 de Dumnezeu: el poate ispiti omul, dar nu \u00eel poate constr\u00e2nge.<\/p><div><p><strong>Texte coranice-cheie<\/strong><\/p><p>Iblis apare \u00een Coran \u00een mai multe sure. Nara\u021biunea central\u0103 este refuzul de a se prosterna \u00eenaintea lui Adam: <em>\u0218i c\u00e2nd le-am spus \u00eengerilor: \u201eProsterna\u021bi-v\u0103 \u00eenaintea lui Adam&#8221;, ei s-au prosternit, cu excep\u021bia lui Iblis<\/em> (Sura 2,34; similar 7,11, 12; 15,28, 32; 17,61; 18,50; 20,116; 38,71, 74).<\/p><p>Acest refuz este p\u0103catul originar al Coranului \u0219i \u00eel stabile\u0219te pe Iblis ca adversar principal al m\u00e2ntuirii umane.<\/p><p>\u00cen versetele \u00eenso\u021bitoare, Iblis \u00ee\u0219i expune argumenta\u021bia: a fost creat din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum (<em>marij min nar<\/em>), Adam din lut; prosternarea \u00eenaintea unei fiin\u021be create inferior \u00eei este inacceptabil\u0103. Aceast\u0103 construc\u021bie din Sura 38,76 face din trufie cauza structural\u0103 a c\u0103derii, \u00een paralel cu tradi\u021bia cre\u0219tino-luciferic\u0103 a <em>superbia<\/em>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Privire de ansamblu: Iblis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Adversar, conduc\u0103torul Shayatin<br>Origine: Jinn din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum (Sura 18,50)<br>Nume: Iblis, Azazil (preislamic), ash-Shaytan al-Rajim<br>Texte: Coranul (numeroase locuri), Hadith, qisas al-anbiya<br>Func\u021bie: Ispititor, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tor al minciunii, adversar escatologic<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fundamentarea coranic\u0103 \u00een secolul al VII-lea d.Hr. Receptare elaborat\u0103 \u00een exegeza coranic\u0103 clasic\u0103 (Tafsir), qisas al-anbiya (\u201ePove\u0219tile profe\u021bilor&#8221;), literatura sufist\u0103 (\u00een special al-Hallaj, Ibn Arabi cu interpret\u0103ri originale). Receptare modern\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> islamic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Atitudinea \u0219i practica religioas\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 a unui om.\" tabindex=\"0\">pietatea popular\u0103<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lumea islamic\u0103 \u00een ansamblu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Atitudinea \u0219i practica religioas\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 a unui om.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pietatea popular\u0103<\/span> local\u0103 conecteaz\u0103 nara\u021biunile despre Iblis cu motive demonice regionale, nord-africane, turco-central-asiatice, sud-est-asiatice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Coranul (Surele 2, 7, 15, 17, 18, 20, 38 \u0219i altele), colec\u021bii de Hadith (Bukhari, Muslim), qisas al-anbiya (al-Kisa\u02bei, al-Tha\u02bflabi), literatura sufist\u0103 (al-Hallaj, Ibn Arabi, Rumi), lucr\u0103ri teologice moderne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante ortografice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Arab\u0103:<\/strong> <em>Iblis<\/em>, provenit probabil din grecescul <em>diabolos<\/em>.<br>Preislamic\/apocaliptic: <em>Azazil<\/em> (\u00een unele tradi\u021bii, numele lui Iblis dinainte de c\u0103dere).<br>Epitet: <em>ash-Shaytan al-Rajim<\/em>, \u201ediavolul alungat cu pietre&#8221;; <em>al-Khannas<\/em>, \u201ecel care se retrage&#8221;; <em>\u02bfAduw Allah<\/em>, \u201edu\u0219manul lui Dumnezeu&#8221;.<\/p><p>Etimologia din <em>diabolos<\/em> marcheaz\u0103 contactul cu tradi\u021bia cre\u0219tino-iudaic\u0103 anterioar\u0103 Islamului. Epitete distribuie aspectele: alungarea sa din apropierea lui Dumnezeu, fuga sa la rostirea numelui lui Allah, du\u0219m\u0103nia sa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tr\u0103s\u0103turi definitorii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are<\/strong><\/p><p>Coranul nu ofer\u0103 nicio descriere vizual\u0103. Literatura sufist\u0103 subliniaz\u0103 natura sa de foc. Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 \u00eel prezint\u0103 \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor, cu coarne, de foc. Nu exist\u0103 o tradi\u021bie iconografic\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui corpus de scrieri sacre fixat al unei religii; textele necanonizate sunt considerate apocrife.\">canonic\u0103<\/span> islamic\u0103 \u00een sens strict.<\/p><p><strong>Comportament<\/strong><\/p><p>Refuz\u0103 supunerea \u00eenaintea lui Adam. \u00cei cere lui Allah am\u00e2nare p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Ziua Judec\u0103\u021bii pentru a ispiti omenirea. Allah i-o acord\u0103, Iblis devenind o piatr\u0103 de \u00eencercare, nu o contrapulere cosmic\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00centreaga omenire. Instrumentul s\u0103u preferat este <em>waswasa<\/em> (\u0219oapta ispititoare). El nu ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin for\u021b\u0103, ci prin \u0219optirea \u00eendoielilor \u0219i a g\u00e2ndurilor gre\u0219ite.<\/p><p><strong>\u00cencadrare mitologic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>Conform Surei 18,50, Jinn, creat din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum. Prin aceasta se deosebe\u0219te esen\u021bial de \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerul<\/span> c\u0103zut&#8221; din tradi\u021bia cre\u0219tino-iudaic\u0103. Interpret\u0103rile sufiste (\u00een special al-Hallaj) citesc refuzul lui Iblis \u0219i ca expresie a celui mai pur <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Credin\u021ba \u00een un singur Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteism<\/span> al Tauhid: el a dorit s\u0103 se prosterneze numai \u00eenaintea lui Dumnezeu, nu \u00eenaintea unei creaturi.<\/p><div><p><strong>Tradi\u021bia sufist\u0103 \u0219i lecturile ambivalente<\/strong><\/p><p>Un strat aparte, fascinant din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, \u00eel formeaz\u0103 tradi\u021bia sufist\u0103 despre Iblis. Mansur al-Hallaj (m. 922) a dezvoltat \u00een lucrarea sa <em>Kitab al-Tawasin<\/em> o lectur\u0103 paradoxal\u0103: Iblis este adev\u0103ratul monoteist, care prin refuzul s\u0103u se declar\u0103 absolut pentru Dumnezeu, deoarece nu se prosterneaz\u0103 \u00eenaintea niciunei alte fiin\u021be.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 lectur\u0103 a fost respins\u0103 de tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103 ortodox\u0103 ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen tradi\u021bia cre\u0219tin\u0103, doctrin\u0103 care se abate de la pozi\u021bia ortodox\u0103; sanc\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een Antichitate \u0219i \u00een Evul Mediu.\">erezie<\/span> \u0219i a dus la execu\u021bia lui al-Hallaj; ea a supravie\u021buit \u00eens\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia sufist\u0103. Farid ud-Din Attar (m. 1221) a dezvoltat-o \u00een <em>Mantiq at-Tair<\/em>; Ibn Arabi (m. 1240) a integrat-o \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrin\u0103 esoteric\u0103, fondat\u0103 \u00een 1875 de Helena Petrovna Blavatsky; sintez\u0103 a \u00een\u021belepciunii orientale, spiritismului \u0219i occultismului occidental.\">teosofia<\/span> sa speculativ\u0103.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Cercetarea academic\u0103 contemporan\u0103 a acestei tradi\u021bii se g\u0103se\u0219te la Peter J. Awn, <em>Satan&#8217;s Tragedy and Redemption. Iblis in Sufi Psychology<\/em> (Brill, Leiden 1983), \u0219i la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Islamist\u0103 german\u0103 (1922-2003); opera principal\u0103 Mystische Dimensionen des Islam (1985).\">Annemarie Schimmel<\/span>, <em>Mystische Dimensionen des Islam<\/em> (Diederichs, K\u00f6ln 1985).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Iblis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cele mai importante aspecte ale lui Iblis \u00eentr-o privire de ansamblu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Originea lui Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jinn din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum, aflat \u00eentr-o pozi\u021bie \u00eenalt\u0103 printre \u00eengeri. A refuzat prosternarea \u00eenaintea lui Adam, de atunci este ispititorul omenirii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u021ainta lui Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00centreaga omenire, \u00een special credincio\u0219ii. \u0218oapta sa (waswasa) vizeaz\u0103 \u00eendoiala, neascultarea, trufia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area lui Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nicio <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrina despre con\u021binuturile imaginilor \u0219i semnifica\u021bia lor.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografie<\/span> canonic\u0103. Tradi\u021bia sufist\u0103 \u00eei subliniaz\u0103 natura de foc. Imagistica popular\u0103 \u00eel prezint\u0103 cu coarne, \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ac\u021biunea lui Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ispitire prin \u0219oapt\u0103, nu prin constr\u00e2ngere. Activitatea sa este \u00eeng\u0103duit\u0103 de Dumnezeu ca prob\u0103; omul are posibilitatea alegerii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ap\u0103rarea \u00eempotriva lui Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Formula Ta\u02bfawudh (\u201eM\u0103 refugiez la Allah de Shaitan cel alungat cu pietre&#8221;), Basmala, recitarea celor trei sure de protec\u021bie (Ikhlas, Falaq, Nas), Ruqya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelele lui Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Satan, Lucifer (cre\u0219tin), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/azazel\/\">Azazel<\/a> (iudaic), Ahriman (zoroastric), Mara (budist).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ap\u0103rare \u0219i raport cu Iblis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualuri de ap\u0103rare<\/strong><\/p><p>Ta\u02bfawudh \u00eenainte de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea lingvistic\u0103 a omului c\u0103tre o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">rug\u0103ciune<\/span> \u0219i recitarea Coranului. Basmala \u00eenaintea oric\u0103rei ac\u021biuni. Recitarea zilnic\u0103 a celor trei sure de protec\u021bie \u0219i a Versetului Tronului (Ayat al-Kursi). Ruqya \u00een cazul unei influen\u021be suspecte.<\/p><p><strong>Atitudinea teologic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p>Iblis nu trebuie temut ca un dumnezeu-adversar cosmic; el este o creatur\u0103, limitat\u0103 de Dumnezeu. Cea mai important\u0103 ap\u0103rare este pomenirea con\u0219tient\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu (<em>dhikr<\/em>). Waswasa ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar \u00een neglijen\u021b\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Amulete<\/strong><\/p><p>Versete coranice \u00een pandantive (Hirz, Ta\u02bfwidh), \u00een special Ayat al-Kursi \u0219i cele trei sure de protec\u021bie. M\u00e2na Hamsa \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un obiect c\u0103ruia i se atribuie capacitatea de a aduce noroc sau succes.\" tabindex=\"0\">talismanul<\/span> ochiului albastru (nazar) ca adaos al religiei populare, controversat din punct de vedere teologic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u0219i interpretarea sufist\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Paralele cre\u0219tino-iudaice:<\/strong> Satan \u0219i Azazel sunt cele mai apropiate paralele. Diferen\u021ba: Iblis este Jinn, nu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span> c\u0103zut. Refuzul s\u0103u este neascultare, nu revendicare de putere.<\/p><p><strong>Zoroastric:<\/strong> Ahriman ca adversar primordial este structural diferit: zeitate-adversar\u0103 dualist\u0103, nu creatur\u0103. Exist\u0103 totu\u0219i o afinitate motivic\u0103 prin caracterul de foc.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Curent religios cu accent pe experien\u021ba direct\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mistic\u0103<\/span> sufist\u0103:<\/strong> Al-Hallaj (sec. X) \u0219i Ibn Arabi interpreteaz\u0103 paradoxal refuzul lui Iblis: el nu a dorit s\u0103 se prosterneze \u00eenaintea lui Adam tocmai din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Credin\u021ba \u00een un singur Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteism<\/span> des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologia<\/span> ortodox\u0103 respinge aceast\u0103 interpretare; literatura mistic\u0103 o p\u0103streaz\u0103.<\/p><div><p><strong>Pozi\u021bie comparativ\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de Satan \u0219i Lucifer<\/strong><\/p><p>Iblis se afl\u0103 \u00een paralel\u0103 structural\u0103 cu Satan \u0219i Lucifer din tradi\u021bia iudeo-cre\u0219tin\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi identic cu ace\u0219tia.<\/p><p>Trei diferen\u021be sunt decisive din perspectiva istoriei religiilor: \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, Iblis nu este \u00een Coran \u00een mod neechivoc un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span> \u00een sens strict, ci un Jinn care se afla printre \u00eengeri (Sura 18,50). \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, Iblis nu este un prim-n\u0103scut c\u0103zut precum Lucifer, ci o fiin\u021b\u0103 cu propria apartenen\u021ba de clas\u0103 (<em>jinn<\/em>).<\/p><p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, ispitirea prin Iblis este caracterizat\u0103 explicit \u00een Coran drept <em>waswasa<\/em> (\u0219oapt\u0103 ispititoare), adic\u0103 o influen\u021bare non-coercitiv\u0103, c\u0103reia omul \u00eei poate rezista.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 construc\u021bie teologic\u0103 diminueaz\u0103 responsabilitatea uman\u0103 mai pu\u021bin dec\u00e2t <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> paulino-augustinian\u0103 a p\u0103catului \u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 un accent mai puternic pe alegerea liber\u0103 (<em>ikhtiyar<\/em>). O tratare detaliat\u0103 a demonologiei islamice se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een sec\u021biunea <a href=\"\/ro\/jinn\/\">\/jinn\/<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc3fab93 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc3fab93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8e25925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8e25925\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biunea refuzului prostern\u0103rii \u00een Coran<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5fb623a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5fb623a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe68d8e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe68d8e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Punctul de referin\u021b\u0103 coranic central pentru Iblis este nara\u021biunea cre\u0103rii lui Adam \u0219i porunca adresat\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerilor<\/span> de a se prosterna \u00eenaintea sa.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 scen\u0103 este relatat\u0103 \u00een Coran \u00een mai multe locuri, printre altele \u00een Surele 2, 7, 15, 17, 18, 20 \u0219i 38. Dumnezeu \u00eel creeaz\u0103 pe Adam \u0219i le porunce\u0219te \u00eengerilor s\u0103 se prosterneze \u00eenaintea lui. To\u021bi ascult\u0103, numai Iblis refuz\u0103.<\/p><p>Argumentarea pe care Coranul i-o atribuie lui Iblis este revelatoare. \u00cen Sura 7 \u0219i Sura 38 el spune c\u0103 este mai bun dec\u00e2t Adam, deoarece a fost creat din foc, iar Adam din lut.<\/p><p>Iblis opune astfel o ierarhie proprie fa\u021b\u0103 de porunca divin\u0103. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologia<\/span> islamic\u0103 a interpretat de-a lungul secolelor aceast\u0103 atitudine drept p\u0103catul originar al trufiei, al <em>kibr<\/em> sau <em>istikbar<\/em>. Iblis nu ascult\u0103 deoarece \u00ee\u0219i pune propria judecat\u0103 mai presus de porunca explicit\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.<\/p><p>Ca urmare, Iblis este alungat din apropierea lui Dumnezeu \u0219i blestemat. El cere totu\u0219i am\u00e2nare p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Ziua \u00cenvierii, iar Dumnezeu i-o acord\u0103. Iblis anun\u021b\u0103 apoi c\u0103 \u00eei va abate pe oameni de pe calea cea dreapt\u0103, cu excep\u021bia robilor sinceri ai lui Dumnezeu.<\/p><p>Astfel, \u00een Coran este stabilit rolul pe care Iblis \u00eel joac\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul timpurilor: cel al ispititorului care \u00eel am\u0103ge\u0219te pe om, dar nu \u00eel poate constr\u00e2nge. Important este c\u0103 Iblis nu este un dumnezeu-adversar. El ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een limitele \u00eeng\u0103duite de Dumnezeu, iar am\u00e2narea sa este ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i o concesie divin\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6630484 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6630484\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9386f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9386f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenger sau djinn? O veche dezbatere teologic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp00bddc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp00bddc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa58846b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa58846b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Una dintre cele mai vechi \u0219i mai intens purtate dezbateri ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> islamice prive\u0219te natura lui Iblis. Coranul \u00eel nume\u0219te \u00eentr-un loc, \u00een Sura 18 Versetul 50, \u00een mod explicit unul dintre djinni.<\/p><p>Alte locuri relateaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 refuzul s\u0103u \u00een contextul poruncii adresate <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerilor<\/span>, ceea ce ridic\u0103 \u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 el f\u0103cea parte din categoria \u00eengerilor.<\/p><p>Din aceast\u0103 aparent\u0103 contradic\u021bie, savan\u021bii au dezvoltat diverse solu\u021bii. O direc\u021bie argumenta c\u0103 Iblis a fost un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span>, deoarece porunca le-a fost adresat\u0103 numai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerilor<\/span>, iar numai un destinatar al poruncii o poate \u00eenc\u0103lca. Iblis ar fi schimbat astfel prin neascultarea sa propria natur\u0103.<\/p><p>O alt\u0103 direc\u021bie, mai t\u00e2rziu dominant\u0103, \u00eel considera un djinn care se afla printre \u00eengeri sau le atinsese rangul, motiv pentru care porunca \u00eel includea \u0219i pe el.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie are avantajul de a p\u0103stra afirma\u021bia explicit\u0103 din Sura 18 \u0219i de a explica totodat\u0103 c\u0103 Iblis, spre deosebire de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerii<\/span> f\u0103r\u0103 de p\u0103cat, putea fi neascult\u0103tor \u0219i putea avea urma\u0219i, deoarece Coranul \u00eei men\u021bioneaz\u0103 descenden\u021ba.<\/p><p>\u00cen spatele dezbaterii stau \u00eentreb\u0103ri teologice mai ample. Dac\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerii<\/span> nu pot fi \u00een principiu neascult\u0103tori, atunci Iblis trebuie s\u0103 fie fie o excep\u021bie, fie s\u0103 nu fie un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span>. L\u0103murirea atinge astfel doctrina despre impecabilitatea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eengerilor<\/span> \u0219i chestiunea liberului arbitru.<\/p><p>Literatura de comentariu, la at-Tabari, la az-Zamakhshari \u0219i la ar-Razi, documenteaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 discu\u021bie pe larg \u0219i aduce diverse opinii transmise prin tradi\u021bie. O solu\u021bie complet unitar\u0103 nu s-a impus, dar \u00eencadrarea ca djinn predomin\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia ulterioar\u0103. Cu privire la natura acestor fiin\u021be, vezi \u0219i <a href=\"\/ro\/jinn\/\">Djinn<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa44f227 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa44f227\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp55be4bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp55be4bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis \u0219i Shaitan: nume \u0219i termeni<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9393169 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9393169\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpca292ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpca292ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen arab\u0103 sunt utiliza\u021bi doi termeni care \u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103 sunt adesea reda\u021bi ambii prin diavol sau Satan, dar au origini \u0219i utiliz\u0103ri diferite. <em>Iblis<\/em> este \u00een Coran un nume propriu \u0219i desemneaz\u0103 figura concret\u0103 care a refuzat s\u0103 se prosterneze \u00eenaintea lui Adam.<\/p><p><em>Shaitan<\/em> este mai degrab\u0103 un termen func\u021bional. El \u00eel poate desemna pe Iblis, dar \u00een Coran este folosit \u0219i la plural <em>shayatin<\/em> \u0219i poate indica \u00een general o putere anti-divin\u0103, ispititoare, uman\u0103 sau djinnic\u0103.<\/p><p>Originea numelui Iblis este controversat\u0103 din punct de vedere lingvistic. O explica\u021bie r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103, sus\u021binut\u0103 deja de savan\u021bi musulmani, \u00eel deriv\u0103 din r\u0103d\u0103cina arab\u0103 <em>b-l-s<\/em>, legat\u0103 de disperare \u0219i dezn\u0103dejde.<\/p><p>Iblis ar fi astfel cel care disper\u0103 sau trebuie s\u0103 dispereze de mila lui Dumnezeu. Cercetarea actual\u0103 consider\u0103 mai probabil\u0103 o derivare din grecescul <em>diabolos<\/em>, calomniator, transmis\u0103 eventual prin siriac\u0103 sau alte c\u0103i de transmitere cre\u0219tine din Arabia preislamic\u0103.<\/p><p><em>Shaitan<\/em>, \u00een schimb, este un cuv\u00e2nt semitic vechi, \u00eenrudit cu ebraicul <em>satan<\/em>, adversar. Cei doi termeni trimit astfel la dou\u0103 linii de tradi\u021bie diferite, reunite \u00een Coran.<\/p><p>L\u0103murirea exact\u0103 a acestor etimologii este important\u0103 pentru istoria religiilor, deoarece arat\u0103 cum concep\u021bia islamic\u0103 despre diavol se compune din elemente mai vechi, iudaice, cre\u0219tine \u0219i arabe, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi pur \u0219i simplu identic\u0103 cu vreunul dintre ele. Iblis este o figur\u0103 coranic\u0103 independent\u0103, care preia motive mai vechi \u0219i le reordoneaz\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe37b786 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe37b786\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd8b5b57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd8b5b57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis \u00een mistica islamic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c3c139 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5c3c139\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c89634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5c89634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O interpretare special\u0103, adesea surprinz\u0103toare pentru cei din afar\u0103, a primit Iblis \u00een unele ramuri ale <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Curent religios cu accent pe experien\u021ba direct\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">misticii<\/span> islamice, sufismul. \u00cen timp ce majoritatea tradi\u021biei \u00eel condamn\u0103 ferm pe Iblis ca neascult\u0103tor \u00eeng\u00e2mfat, unii g\u00e2nditori mistici au dezvoltat o viziune mai nuan\u021bat\u0103, \u00een unele formul\u0103ri chiar paradoxal\u0103.<\/p><p>Cel mai cunoscut reprezentant este al-Hallaj, executat la \u00eenceputul secolului al X-lea. \u00cen lucrarea sa <em>Kitab at-Tawasin<\/em> \u00eel prezint\u0103 pe Iblis ca pe unul care a refuzat tocmai din dragoste \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Credin\u021ba \u00een un singur Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteism<\/span> pur s\u0103 se prosterneze \u00eenaintea altcuiva dec\u00e2t Dumnezeu.<\/p><p>Conform acestei lecturi, Iblis se afla \u00een fa\u021ba unui conflict de nerezolvat: Dumnezeu \u00eei poruncea s\u0103 se prosterneze \u00eenaintea lui Adam, dar Iblis dorea s\u0103 se prosterneze numai \u00eenaintea lui Dumnezeu. Neascultarea sa ar fi astfel expresia unei credin\u021be extreme, chiar dac\u0103 r\u0103t\u0103cite, \u00een unicitatea lui Dumnezeu.<\/p><p>Ahmad al-Ghazali, poet \u0219i mistic persan de mai t\u00e2rziu, fratele teologului mai cunoscut, a sus\u021binut g\u00e2nduri \u00eenrudite \u0219i a v\u0103zut \u00een Iblis un \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tor al d\u0103ruirii absolute.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 interpretare a r\u0103mas o pozi\u021bie de minoritate \u0219i a fost aspru respins\u0103 de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> ortodox\u0103. Ea este cu toate acestea semnificativ\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, deoarece arat\u0103 c\u0103 nara\u021biunea despre Iblis nu a avut \u00een tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103 un singur sens fixat.<\/p><p>Opinia majoritar\u0103 a r\u0103mas \u00eentotdeauna c\u0103 Iblis \u0219i-a pus propria judecat\u0103 mai presus de porunca divin\u0103 explicit\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentrupeaz\u0103 astfel miezul trufiei.<\/p><p>Lectura mistic\u0103 de opozi\u021bie l-a f\u0103cut \u00eens\u0103 pe Iblis o figur\u0103 prin care se dezb\u0103teau \u00eentreb\u0103ri fundamentale despre ascultare, iubire \u0219i raportul dintre voin\u021ba divin\u0103 \u0219i porunca divin\u0103. Ea a fost cercetat\u0103 ulterior \u00een profunzime de orientali\u0219ti occidentali, \u00een special de Louis Massignon \u00een cercet\u0103rile sale despre al-Hallaj.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf9199fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf9199fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp37696b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp37696b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ac\u021biunea lui Iblis \u0219i chestiunea liberului arbitru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp34c6267 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp34c6267\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9559d8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9559d8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O \u00eentrebare teologic central\u0103 prive\u0219te ce poate face Iblis \u00een mod real. Coranul este clar \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103: Iblis \u0219opte\u0219te, \u00eenfrumuse\u021beaz\u0103 r\u0103ul, treze\u0219te speran\u021be false \u0219i induce \u00een eroare, dar nu are putere coercitiv\u0103 asupra oamenilor.<\/p><p>\u00cen Sura 14 Versetul 22, Coranul \u00eel las\u0103 pe Iblis s\u0103 spun\u0103 el \u00eensu\u0219i, \u00een Ziua Judec\u0103\u021bii, c\u0103 nu a f\u0103cut altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00eei cheme pe oameni, iar ei l-au urmat; prin urmare ei nu trebuie s\u0103 \u00eel \u00eenvinuiasc\u0103 pe el, ci pe ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i. Responsabilitatea pentru p\u0103cat r\u0103m\u00e2ne astfel la om.<\/p><p>Din aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie, teologii au tras concluzia c\u0103 ac\u021biunea lui Iblis nu suprim\u0103 liberul arbitru uman. Iblis creeaz\u0103 o ispit\u0103, dar nu constr\u00e2nge nimic. Aceast\u0103 doctrin\u0103 era important\u0103 pentru a p\u0103stra dreptatea lui Dumnezeu: dac\u0103 omul ar fi f\u0103r\u0103 ap\u0103rare \u00een fa\u021ba lui Iblis, nu ar putea fi tras la r\u0103spundere pentru faptele sale.<\/p><p>Diferitele \u0219coli teologice, cum ar fi Mu\u02bftazili\u021bii \u0219i Ash\u02bfari\u021bii, au ponderat diferit raportul dintre atotputernicia divin\u0103 \u0219i responsabilitatea uman\u0103, dar au men\u021binut limita fundamental\u0103 a lui Iblis.<\/p><p>Practic, aceasta se leag\u0103 de doctrina <em>waswasa<\/em>, a \u0219optitului. Tradi\u021bia pietist\u0103 cunoa\u0219te numeroase \u00eendemnuri despre cum se ap\u0103r\u0103 credinciosul \u00eempotriva acestor \u0219oapte ispititoare, de exemplu prin rostirea formulei de protec\u021bie care \u00eei cere lui Dumnezeu ajutor \u00eempotriva lui Iblis cel blestemat, prin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea lingvistic\u0103 a omului c\u0103tre o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">rug\u0103ciune<\/span> \u0219i prin pomenirea lui Dumnezeu.<\/p><p>Ultimele dou\u0103 sure ale Coranului, a\u0219a-numitele sure de protec\u021bie, sunt recitate cu prec\u0103dere \u00een acest context. Iblis r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 un adversar real, dar limitat, a c\u0103rui putere se \u00eentinde doar at\u00e2t c\u00e2t \u00eei acord\u0103 omul spa\u021biu. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul timpurilor, conform Coranului, am\u00e2narea sa \u00eeng\u0103duit\u0103 expir\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leg\u0103turi interne recomandate:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/islam\/\">Islam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/jinn\/\">Jinn<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/shayatin\/\">Shayatin<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/ifrit\/\">Ifrit<\/a>, <a href=\"\/ro\/ghul\/\">Ghul<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/azazel\/\">Azazel<\/a> (preistorie)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/satan\/\">Satan<\/a> (paralel\u0103 cre\u0219tin\u0103)<\/li><li>Interpret\u0103rile sufiste ale lui Iblis<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>O selec\u021bie de lucr\u0103ri centrale despre Iblis:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Awn, Peter J.: <em>Satan&#8217;s Tragedy and Redemption. Ibl\u012bs in Sufi Psychology<\/em>. Leiden 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bodman, Whitney: <em>The Poetics of Iblis<\/em>. Cambridge 2011.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Awad, Najib George: <em>Orthodoxy in Arabic Terms<\/em>. Berlin 2018.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Khalidi, Tarif: <em>Images of Muhammad<\/em>. New York 2009 (\u00een contextul qisas).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Jane I. \/ Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck: <em>The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection<\/em>. Oxford 2002.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1ed6e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec1ed6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6065a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6065a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre Iblis<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cine este Iblis \u00een Islam?<\/h3><p>Iblis este \u00een Islam figura care corespunde figurii cre\u0219tine a lui Satan. Conform Coranului (Sura 7,11 \u0219.u.) Iblis a refuzat s\u0103 se prosterneze \u00eenaintea lui Adam, cel nou creat, din trufie, deoarece fusese creat din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum, iar Adam doar din lut.<\/p><p>Drept urmare a fost blestemat. Iblis nu este, \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea islamic\u0103, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen religiile abrahamice, o fiin\u021b\u0103 celest\u0103 mesager\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00eenger<\/span> c\u0103zut, ci un djinn, o fiin\u021b\u0103 din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Care este diferen\u021ba dintre Iblis \u0219i Shaitan?<\/h3><p>Iblis este numele propriu al figurii concrete care i s-a opus lui Allah. Shaitan (arab\u0103 pentru Satan) este un termen generic pentru to\u021bi spiritele rele care \u00eei ispitesc pe oameni, Iblis fiind cel mai de seam\u0103 dintre ei.<\/p><p>\u00cen unele interpret\u0103ri, Iblis este conduc\u0103torul \u0219irului de Shaitan, \u00een altele Iblis \u0219i Shaitan sunt practic identici. Coranul folose\u0219te ambii termeni \u00een contexte diferite.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cine este Iblis \u00een Islam?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Iblis este \u00een Islam figura care corespunde figurii cre\u0219tine a lui Satan. Conform Coranului (Sura 7,11 \u0219.u.) Iblis a refuzat s\u0103 se prosterneze \u00eenaintea lui Adam, cel nou creat, din trufie, deoarece fusese creat din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum, iar Adam doar din lut. Drept urmare a fost blestemat. Iblis nu este, \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea islamic\u0103, un \u00eenger c\u0103zut, ci un djinn, o fiin\u021b\u0103 din foc f\u0103r\u0103 fum.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Care este diferen\u021ba dintre Iblis \u0219i Shaitan?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Iblis este numele propriu al figurii concrete care i s-a opus lui Allah. Shaitan (arab\u0103 pentru Satan) este un termen generic pentru to\u021bi spiritele rele care \u00eei ispitesc pe oameni, Iblis fiind cel mai de seam\u0103 dintre ei. \u00cen unele interpret\u0103ri, Iblis este conduc\u0103torul \u0219irului de Shaitan, \u00een altele Iblis \u0219i Shaitan sunt practic identici. Coranul folose\u0219te ambii termeni \u00een contexte diferite.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Iblis, figur\u0103 din tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103 Cel care refuz\u0103, adversarul Islamului. Iblis \u00een nara\u021biunea c\u0103derii \u00eengerilor Iblis este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd figura c\u0103derii \u00eengerilor din tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103. \u0218apte sure (Q 2:34; 7:11-18; 15:28-43; 17:61-65; 18:50; 20:116-123; 38:71-85) relateaz\u0103 \u00een mod coerent: Allah \u00eel creeaz\u0103 pe Adam din lut, poruncindu-le tuturor \u00eengerilor \u0219i lui Iblis s\u0103 se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1595,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Iblis Shaitan c\u0103derea \u00eengerilor","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Iblis - Figur\u0103 din tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Iblis este figura principal\u0103 a adversarului \u00een tradi\u021bia islamic\u0103. 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