{"id":105164,"date":"2026-08-04T14:07:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/tiamat-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T14:08:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:08:11","slug":"tiamat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/","title":{"rendered":"Tiamat"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105164\" class=\"elementor elementor-105164 elementor-2078\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat, zei\u021b\u0103 a tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>Dragonul primordial al apelor s\u0103rate, mama tuturor zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului.<\/strong> Tiamat este cea mai veche for\u021b\u0103 din cosmosul mesopotamian, nu malefic\u0103, ci primordial\u0103, masa haotic\u0103 a apelor s\u0103rate din care a izvor\u00e2t toat\u0103 via\u021ba \u0219i \u00een care aceasta se \u00eentoarce.<\/p><p>*Enuma Elish* poveste\u0219te \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk, \u00eens\u0103 aceast\u0103 lupt\u0103 nu este o simpl\u0103 victorie a binelui asupra r\u0103ului, ci na\u0219terea ordinii din haos: Tiamat este zdrobit\u0103, iar trupul ei devine universul.<\/p><p>Tiamat apare \u00een Enuma Elish ca dragon primordial al haosului apelor s\u0103rate.<\/p><p>Tiamat este zei\u021b\u0103 a tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene, \u00eentruchip\u00e2nd haosul apelor s\u0103rate dinaintea crea\u021biei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zei\u021b\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/mesopotamien\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Leag\u0103nul religiei documentate, Sumer, Akkad, Babilon, Asiria (aprox. 3500 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 330 \u00ee.Hr.).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><a href=\"\/ro\/anti-goetter\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Puteri ale haosului \u0219i adversari cosmici, protagoni\u0219ti ai dualismului \u00een istoria religiilor.\">Anti-zeu<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1638\" alt=\"Tiamat - G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Privire de ansamblu: Tiamat<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Divinitate primordial\u0103 mesopotamian\u0103, zei\u021b\u0103-dragon a haosului originar, adversar\u0103 a lui Marduk<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Babilon (central\u0103 \u00een Enuma Elish ca antagonist\u0103)<br>Func\u021bie: Marea primordial\u0103 a apelor s\u0103rate, mama tuturor zeilor, contraputere la ordinea cosmic\u0103<br>Atribute principale: chip de dragon, corp scindat (din cele dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi s-au format cerul \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2ntul), unsprezece <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 care reune\u0219te \u00een sine tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale diferitelor vie\u021buitoare.\" tabindex=\"0\">fiin\u021be hibride<\/span> ajut\u0103toare<br>Principale centre de cult: niciunul propriu, antagonist\u0103 \u00een mitul babilonian al crea\u021biei<br>Adversar\u0103: Marduk (o \u00eenfr\u00e2nge \u00een Enuma Elish)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat este antagonista central\u0103 a epopeii babiloniene a crea\u021biei <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (manuscrisul principal dateaz\u0103 din sec. al XII-lea \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i este neo-asirian). Precursori \u00een tradi\u021bia sumerian\u0103 sub forma lui <em>Nammu<\/em> (marea primordial\u0103).<\/p><p>Perioada de apogeu a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> tiamateice este epoca neo-babilonian\u0103, c\u00e2nd Enuma Elish era recitat la fiecare s\u0103rb\u0103toare de Anul Nou (Akitu) \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> Esagila; \u00een fiecare prim\u0103var\u0103, victoria cosmic\u0103 a lui Marduk asupra Tiamatei era re\u00eennoit\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>. \u00cen tradi\u021biile ulterioare a fost foarte pu\u021bin venerat\u0103 direct; \u00een sec. XIX-XX a fost intens receptat\u0103 de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021ba religiilor<\/span> \u0219i de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Termen generic pentru doctrine care pretind un cunoa\u0219tere ascuns\u0103, accesibil\u0103 doar ini\u021bia\u021bilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">ezoterism<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat nu are centre de cult proprii, ea este o figur\u0103 mitic\u0103, nu un obiect de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>. Prezen\u021ba ei era \u00eens\u0103 asigurat\u0103 la fiecare s\u0103rb\u0103toare babilonian\u0103 Akitu, unde <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> era recitat \u0219i victoria lui Marduk re\u00eennoit\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>.<\/p><p>\u00cen Antichitatea t\u00e2rzie cre\u0219tin\u0103 a fost reflectat\u0103 ca \u201eantagonist-dragon&#8221; \u00een tradi\u021bia apocaliptic\u0103 (Apocalipsa 12). \u00cen receptarea modern\u0103 (mai ales dup\u0103 Robert Graves \u0219i istoria feminist\u0103 a religiilor) este considerat\u0103 un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al puterii feminine primordiale reprimate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surse centrale: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (epopee a crea\u021biei, 7 t\u0103bli\u021be, sursa principal\u0103), precursori \u00een miturile sumeriene ale crea\u021biei. Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103: Lambert, <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em> (edi\u021bie standard); Heidel, <em>The Babylonian Genesis<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion. En M\u00e9sopotamie<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>. Comparativ (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivul<\/span> luptei cu dragonul): Watkins, <em>How to Kill a Dragon<\/em> (pattern indo-european al uciderii dragonului).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 ca o figur\u0103 gigantic\u0103, asem\u0103n\u0103toare unui \u0219arpe sau dragon, cu solzi, aripi \u0219i o masc\u0103 de dragon \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare. Pielea ei este albastru-\u00eenchis sau verzuie, culoarea m\u0103rii s\u0103rate.<\/p><p>Nu poart\u0103 coroan\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t coroanele provin de la oameni \u0219i zei; ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i este substan\u021b\u0103 primordial\u0103. \u00cen reprezent\u0103rile ulterioare apare cu mai multe capete sau cu o \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are asem\u0103n\u0103toare unei hidre. Suflarea ei este otrav\u0103, r\u0103getul ei cutremur\u0103 lumile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tr\u0103s\u0103turi esen\u021biale<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat nu a fost venerat\u0103 ca zei\u021b\u0103 \u00een sensul clasic, nu existau nici <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span>, nici preo\u021bie. Totu\u0219i, \u00een contexte cosmice \u0219i filozofice era prezentat\u0103 ca originea din care trebuie s\u0103 provin\u0103 ordinea.<\/p><p>\u00cen fiecare an, la s\u0103rb\u0103toarea de Anul Nou (<em>Akitu<\/em>), <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> era recitat, iar Marduk era invocat din nou ca biruitor asupra Tiamatei. Aceast\u0103 recitare era un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> magic de re\u00eennoire a lumii \u0219i de ap\u0103rare \u00eempotriva rec\u0103derii \u00een haos. Tiamat reprezint\u0103 amenin\u021barea cosmic\u0103 ce trebuie biruit\u0103 mereu.<\/p><p><strong>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are \u0219i simbolic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Tiamat<\/em> este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 ca un dragon uria\u0219 cu \u0219apte sau mai multe capete ori ca o fiar\u0103 marin\u0103 cu solzi str\u0103lucitori, sc\u00e2nteiind \u00een culorile apei: albastru, verde, alb. Are aripi imense, gheare \u0219i din\u021bi, de m\u0103rimea unui munte.<\/p><p>Trupul ei este \u00eensu\u0219i marea. Respir\u0103 foc \u0219i otrav\u0103. <em>Tiamat<\/em> este frumoas\u0103 \u00een s\u0103lb\u0103ticia ei, dar resping\u0103toare \u00een stranietatea ei. Apa \u0219i marea sunt simbolurile ei. Ochii ei str\u0103lucesc cu o minte primordial\u0103, nu moral\u0103, ci instinctiv\u0103 \u0219i cosmic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Tiamat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cele mai importante aspecte ale Tiamatei dintr-o privire. C\u00e2mpurile urm\u0103toare sintetizeaz\u0103 originea, func\u021bia, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area, venerarea, simbolurile \u0219i paralelele culturale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradi\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen <em>Enuma Elish<\/em>, Tiamat este mama primordial\u0103, marea s\u0103rat\u0103 originar\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu zeul apei dulci <em>Apsu<\/em> (so\u021bul ei) surs\u0103 a tuturor zeilor. C\u00e2nd zeii tineri (Anu, Enki, ulterior Marduk) tulbur\u0103 lini\u0219tea, Apsu vrea s\u0103 \u00eei ucid\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 Enki \u00eel omoar\u0103 primul.<\/p><p>Tiamat jur\u0103 r\u0103zbunare, alc\u0103tuie\u0219te o armat\u0103 din unsprezece <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 care reune\u0219te \u00een sine tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale diferitelor vie\u021buitoare.\" tabindex=\"0\">fiin\u021be hibride<\/span>-demoni (printre care dragoni mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u, oameni-leu, oameni-scorpion) \u0219i \u00eel alege pe Kingu ca general, \u00eencredin\u021b\u00e2ndu-i <em>T\u0103bli\u021bele Destinului<\/em>. Marduk se ofer\u0103 erou, prime\u0219te comanda asupra tuturor zeilor, o omoar\u0103 pe Tiamat \u00een lupt\u0103 singular\u0103 \u0219i din trupul ei formeaz\u0103 cerul \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2ntul; ordinea cosmic\u0103 ia na\u0219tere din trupul Tiamatei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apartenen\u021ba tematic\u0103 a Tiamatei<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat este \u00eentruchiparea mitologic\u0103 a haosului care preced\u0103 ordinea cosmic\u0103. Mama tuturor zeilor (func\u021bie teogonic\u0103), dar totodat\u0103 amenin\u021bare la adresa ordinii: ea trebuie biruit\u0103 pentru ca lumea s\u0103 ia na\u0219tere.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">Simbol<\/span> al puterii primordiale neordonate, al m\u0103rii de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 primordiale (spre deosebire de apa dulce a lui Apsu, care este fertil\u0103). \u00cen consolidarea teologic\u0103 a panteonului babilonian, moartea ei legitimeaz\u0103 regalitatea lui Marduk, un narativ al crea\u021biei motivat politic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen <em>Enuma Elish<\/em>, Tiamat nu este descris\u0103 cu precizie: unele pasaje sugereaz\u0103 o figur\u0103 feminin\u0103 antropomorf\u0103, altele un dragon uria\u0219 sau un corp de \u0219arpe. Cercetarea tinde spre o figur\u0103 hibrid\u0103 dragon-om.<\/p><p>\u00cen reprezent\u0103rile plastice moderne este aproape \u00eentotdeauna \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 ca dragon cu simbolic\u0103 feminin\u0103 (corp de \u0219arpe mare, mai multe capete, gheare, aripi). \u00cen tradi\u021bia glipticii babiloniene lipsesc imagini directe ale Tiamatei; imaginile cu dragoni mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u (de exemplu pe Poarta I\u0161tar din Berlin) reprezint\u0103 ajutoarele ei, nu pe ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Func\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong> Tiamat nu are un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> propriu, \u00eens\u0103 prezen\u021ba ei era asigurat\u0103 la fiecare Akitu babilonian, unde Enuma Elish era recitat \u0219i victoria lui Marduk re\u00eennoit\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> personal nu era invocat\u0103 (ci doar Marduk ca biruitor).<\/p><p>\u00cen receptarea ezoteric\u0103 modern\u0103 (\u00eencep\u00e2nd cu sec. al XIX-lea) este considerat\u0103 \u201ezei\u021b\u0103-mam\u0103&#8221;, \u201emam\u0103-dragon&#8221;, \u201eprincipiu feminin originar&#8221;; \u00een istoria feminist\u0103 a religiilor, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al puterii feminine primordiale reprimate. \u00cen cultura popular\u0103 modern\u0103 este prezent\u0103 ca dragon \u00een jocuri, romane \u0219i filme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ap\u0103rarea \u00eempotriva Tiamatei<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chip de dragon, corp de \u0219arpe, mai multe capete, gheare, aripi (\u00een reprezentarea modern\u0103), corp scindat (mitologic: din cele dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi s-au format cerul \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2ntul). Ajutoare: unsprezece demoni-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 care reune\u0219te \u00een sine tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale diferitelor vie\u021buitoare.\" tabindex=\"0\">fiin\u021be hibride<\/span> (mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u, \u0219arpele Lahamu, Bashmu, U\u0161umgallu etc.). Element sacru: apa s\u0103rat\u0103. Num\u0103r sacru: 11 (al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 care reune\u0219te \u00een sine tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale diferitelor vie\u021buitoare.\" tabindex=\"0\">fiin\u021belor hibride<\/span> ale ei).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coresponden\u021be<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Apsu<\/em> (Mesopotamia, so\u021b, zeu primordial al apei dulci), <em>Nammu<\/em> (Sumer, zei\u021ba-precursoare sumerian\u0103), <em>Lotan\/Leviathan<\/em> (fenician-ebraic, dragonul haosului), <em>Vritra<\/em> (hinduism, dragon \u00eenfr\u00e2nt de Indra, r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 indo-european\u0103 comun\u0103 a luptei cu dragonul), <em>Typhon<\/em> (Grecia, monstrul haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2nt de Zeus), <em>J\u00f6rmungandr<\/em> (germanic, \u0219arpele lumii, comb\u0103tut de Thor), <em>Yamata-no-Orochi<\/em> (Japonia, dragonul cu opt capete, \u00eenfr\u00e2nt de Susano-o), <em>Apophis<\/em> (Egipt, \u0219arpele haosului). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motivul<\/span> indo-european al uciderii dragonului, studiat de Watkins, g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een Tiamat unul dintre cele mai celebre exemple.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protec\u021bie practic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualuri apotropaice<\/strong><\/p><p>Tiamat ca draconi\u021b\u0103 primordial\u0103 a apelor s\u0103rate (Enuma Elish I, 1-150) nu era venerat\u0103 direct; ea este puterea haosului originar ce trebuie biruit\u0103, al c\u0103rei trup este scindat de Marduk \u00een cer \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nt (Enuma Elish IV, 105-145).<\/p><p>Ritualuri apotropaice anti-Tiamat se reg\u0103sesc \u00een seria de incanta\u021bii Maql\u00fb ca protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva demonilor-boal\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103tori dragonilor (cf. Bott\u00e9ro, Foster). La s\u0103rb\u0103toarea de Anul Nou <em>ak\u012btu<\/em>, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea Tiamatei era repetat\u0103 cultual.<\/p><p><strong>Texte de incanta\u021bie<\/strong><\/p><p>Lectura din Enuma Elish pe t\u0103bli\u021ba IV-V (victoria lui Marduk) \u00een a patra zi a lui ak\u012btu era un act central de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magische oder kirchliche Ausschlie\u00dfung; auch das Binden einer Macht durch Formel.\" tabindex=\"0\">exorcism<\/span>. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">Invoca\u021bia<\/span> \u201eTiamtu lalkaltu&#8221; (Tiamat, fii zdrobit\u0103!) apare \u00een incanta\u021bii anti-furtun\u0103 din Ninive (Hee\u00dfel, <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>).<\/p><p><strong>Amulete \u0219i simboluri de protec\u021bie<\/strong><\/p><p>Simbolurile lui Marduk (lopata, capul de dragon) ca protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva Tiamatei; dragonul mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u este reprezentat ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> contra \u00eenfr\u00e2nt pe por\u021bile cet\u0103\u021bilor babiloniene (Poarta I\u0161tar, Berlin). T\u0103bli\u021be apotropaice cu numele lui Marduk \u00eengropate sub pragurile u\u0219ilor trebuiau s\u0103 apere \u00eempotriva puterilor tiamateice. Roata solar\u0103 cu opt spi\u021be (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbolul<\/span> solar al lui Marduk) \u00eenlocuie\u0219te apele haotice ale Tiamatei cu o crea\u021bie ordonat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu Leviatanul din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> ebraic\u0103, un \u0219arpe primordial al apelor s\u0103rate pe care Dumnezeu \u00eel combate. Cu Apophis-ul egiptean (\u0219arpele haosului) \u00eemparte rolul de antagonist etern al haosului.<\/p><p>Vritra indian\u0103 \u0219i J\u00f6rmungandr nordic\u0103 sunt \u0219erpi cosmici similari. Tiamat este totu\u0219i unic\u0103 prin faptul c\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei nu este o nimicire, ci o transformare \u00een universul \u00eensu\u0219i: ea este deopotriv\u0103 du\u0219man \u0219i mam\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp397d784 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp397d784\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp715d1bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp715d1bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marea s\u0103rat\u0103: rolul Tiamatei \u00een timpurile primordiale din Enuma Elish<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp78a1cf7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp78a1cf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp94e8c6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp94e8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen epopeea babilonian\u0103 a crea\u021biei <em>Enuma Elish<\/em>, Tiamat se afl\u0103 la \u00eenceputul tuturor lucrurilor. \u00cenainte de lume exist\u0103 doar dou\u0103 ape primordiale: Apsu, apa dulce subteran\u0103, \u0219i Tiamat, marea s\u0103rat\u0103. Apele lor sunt amestecate, o stare dinaintea oric\u0103rei ordini. Din aceast\u0103 amestecare iau na\u0219tere primii zei.<\/p><p>Numele <em>Tiamat<\/em> este legat de cuv\u00e2ntul semitic pentru mare; exist\u0103 o \u00eenrudire lingvistic\u0103 cu ebraicul <em>tehom<\/em>, \u201eabisul&#8221; sau \u201ead\u00e2ncul&#8221; men\u021bionat \u00een primul capitol al Genezei. Aceast\u0103 apropiere lingvistic\u0103 a generat lungi dezbateri privind rela\u021bia dintre concep\u021bia mesopotamian\u0103 \u0219i cea biblic\u0103 despre crea\u021bie.<\/p><p>\u00cen epopee, conflictul \u00eencepe deoarece zgomotul zeilor tineri \u00eei deranjeaz\u0103 pe Apsu \u0219i Tiamat. Apsu vrea s\u0103 \u00eei nimiceasc\u0103, dar este prevenit \u0219i ucis de zeul \u00een\u021belepciunii Ea. Tiamat r\u0103m\u00e2ne ini\u021bial pasiv\u0103, apoi este \u00eendemnat\u0103 la r\u0103zboi de o parte a zeilor. Ea se ridic\u0103 r\u0103zbun\u0103toare.<\/p><p>Cercetarea dezbate dac\u0103 Tiamat a fost g\u00e2ndit\u0103 ini\u021bial ca o zei\u021b\u0103 personal\u0103 sau mai degrab\u0103 ca o substan\u021b\u0103 cosmic\u0103 impersonal\u0103. Textele oscileaz\u0103: uneori apare ca figur\u0103 matern\u0103 activ\u0103, alteori mai degrab\u0103 ca marea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 dublitate nu este o contradic\u021bie a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021biei<\/span>, ci trimite la dificultatea de a cuprinde \u00een limbaj o putere cosmic\u0103 primordial\u0103. Tiamat este \u00een acela\u0219i timp persoan\u0103 \u0219i element, mam\u0103 a zeilor \u0219i haos ce trebuie dep\u0103\u0219it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4dee1d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4dee1d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea74fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpea74fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lupta singular\u0103 cu Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1507b78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1507b78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6defbf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6defbf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Punctul culminant al <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> este lupta dintre Tiamat \u0219i <a href=\"\/ro\/marduk\/\">Marduk<\/a>. Tiamat a creat o armat\u0103 din unsprezece mon\u0219tri, printre care \u0219erpi, dragoni \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 care reune\u0219te \u00een sine tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale diferitelor vie\u021buitoare.\" tabindex=\"0\">fiin\u021be hibride<\/span>, \u0219i l-a numit pe noul ei so\u021b Kingu comandant suprem, \u00eencredin\u021b\u00e2ndu-i <em>T\u0103bli\u021bele Destinului<\/em>, insignele puterii supreme.<\/p><p>Marduk porne\u0219te la lupt\u0103 \u00eenarmat cu v\u00e2nt, furtun\u0103 \u0219i potop. C\u00e2nd Tiamat deschide gura, el trimite v\u00e2nturile \u00een\u0103untru, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00eei umfl\u0103 trupul, apoi o str\u0103punge cu o s\u0103geat\u0103. Dup\u0103 moartea ei, \u00eei scindeaz\u0103 corpul \u00een dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi.<\/p><p>Din una formeaz\u0103 bolta cereasc\u0103 \u0219i pune z\u0103voare pentru ca apa s\u0103 nu se reverse; din cealalt\u0103 formeaz\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul. Din ochii ei las\u0103 s\u0103 izvorasc\u0103 fluviile Eufrat \u0219i Tigru, din alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale trupului mun\u021bi \u0219i izvoare.<\/p><p>Lumea nu ia na\u0219tere aici din nimic, ci din trupul scindat al unei fiin\u021be primordiale biruite. Acest tip de narativ al crea\u021biei, \u00een care din trupul unui fiin\u021be cosmice ucise se formeaz\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bile lumii, are paralele \u00een alte mitologii, de pild\u0103 \u00een povestea nordic\u0103 despre uria\u0219ul Ymir.<\/p><p>Important\u0103 este afirma\u021bia teologic\u0103 a procesului: ordinea ia na\u0219tere din haosul dep\u0103\u0219it \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din el. Cerul este trupul Tiamatei. Haosul nu a disp\u0103rut f\u0103r\u0103 urm\u0103, ci a intrat \u00een structura lumii. Aceast\u0103 concep\u021bie confer\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea structurii \u0219i a ordinii lumii \u00een cadrul unei culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologiei<\/span> babiloniene tensiunea ei particular\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp879b046 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp879b046\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a61d80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3a61d80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mitul luptei cu haosul: Tiamat \u00een cercetarea comparativ\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf03eede e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf03eede\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp81f1c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp81f1c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lupta \u00eempotriva Tiamatei este cel mai cunoscut exemplu mesopotamian pentru un tipar narativ larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit, pe care cercetarea \u00eel desemneaz\u0103 drept <em>Chaoskampf<\/em> (lupta cu haosul): o divinitate a ordinii biruie\u0219te o fiin\u021b\u0103 primordial\u0103 haotic\u0103, adesea legat\u0103 de ap\u0103 sau de dragon, iar din aceast\u0103 victorie ia na\u0219tere lumea ordonat\u0103 sau st\u0103p\u00e2nirea.<\/p><p>Nara\u021biuni \u00eenrudite se g\u0103sesc \u00een lumea vest-semitic\u0103, de exemplu lupta zeului furtunii Baal \u00eempotriva m\u0103rii <em>Yam<\/em> \u00een textele de la Ugarit, \u0219i \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> greac\u0103 lupta lui Zeus \u00eempotriva lui Typhon.<\/p><p>Urme apar \u0219i \u00een Biblia ebraic\u0103: \u00een mai multe locuri, mai ales \u00een Psalmi \u0219i la Iov, se face aluzie la o lupt\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu \u00eempotriva mon\u0219trilor m\u0103rilor precum <em>Rahab<\/em> sau <a href=\"\/ro\/leviathan\/\">Leviatan<\/a>.<\/p><p>Termenul <em>Chaoskampf<\/em> provine de la teologul Hermann Gunkel, care \u00een 1895, \u00een lucrarea sa <em>Sch\u00f6pfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit<\/em>, a eviden\u021biat leg\u0103turile dintre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> babilonian\u0103 \u0219i textele biblice. Tezele sale au declan\u0219at o dezbatere care continu\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi.<\/p><p>Cercetarea mai recent\u0103 a devenit mai prudent\u0103. Ea subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 o similitudine lingvistic\u0103 precum cea dintre <em>Tiamat<\/em> \u0219i <em>tehom<\/em> nu dovede\u0219te \u00eenc\u0103 o dependen\u021b\u0103 literar\u0103 direct\u0103.<\/p><p>Probabil c\u0103 popoarele Orientului Antic \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219eau un fond narativ comun, din care fiecare \u0219i-a dezvoltat propria versiune. Tiamat nu este, \u00een aceast\u0103 imagine, sursa tuturor miturilor \u00eenrudite, ci o verig\u0103 deosebit de bine atestat\u0103 a unei tradi\u021bii ample.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp89c5abb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp89c5abb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ffef82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ffef82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat \u00een receptarea modern\u0103: de la textul cuneiform la regina dragonilor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6f8e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf6f8e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpebb5771 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpebb5771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redescoperirea Tiamatei a \u00eenceput \u00een secolul al XIX-lea. T\u0103bli\u021bele de lut ale <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> au fost g\u0103site \u00een cadrul s\u0103p\u0103turilor de la Ninive, iar asiriologul britanic George Smith le-a f\u0103cut cunoscute \u00een deceniul al \u0219aptelea al secolului al XIX-lea. Astfel, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> uitat vreme de peste dou\u0103 milenii a reintrat \u00een con\u0219tiin\u021ba public\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen literatura \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, Tiamat este tratat\u0103 de atunci ca figur\u0103-cheie a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea structurii \u0219i a ordinii lumii \u00een cadrul unei culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologiei<\/span> mesopotamiene. \u00cen receptarea popular\u0103, ea a avut \u00eens\u0103 o carier\u0103 proprie, par\u021bial deta\u0219at\u0103 de surse. R\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area ca draconi\u021b\u0103 colosal\u0103.<\/p><p>Textele antice \u00eense\u0219i nu o descriu pe Tiamat explicit ca dragon; ele o evoc\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 ca mare \u0219i mam\u0103. Chipul de dragon este \u00een mare parte o elaborare modern\u0103, alimentat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 Tiamat comand\u0103 o armat\u0103 de dragoni \u0219i \u0219erpi.<\/p><p>Deosebit de influent a fost jocul de rol <em>Dungeons &amp; Dragons<\/em>, care din anii 1970 a introdus-o pe Tiamat ca regin\u0103 cu cinci capete a dragonilor r\u0103ului. Prin acest joc \u0219i altele similare, romane, benzi desenate \u0219i jocuri pe calculator, numele a ajuns cunoscut unui public larg care nu este familiarizat cu originalul babilonian.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, acest strat trebuie separat clar de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> antic\u0103. Draconi\u021ba modern\u0103 Tiamat este o crea\u021bie a culturii fantasy; Tiamat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antic\u0103<\/span> este potopul de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 personificat, mama primordial\u0103 \u0219i haosul biruit al unui poem didactic babilonian. Ambele poart\u0103 acela\u0219i nume, dar apar\u021bin unor lumi diferite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/marduk\/\">Marduk, biruitor \u00een Enuma Elish<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/enki\/\">Enki\/Ea, \u00eel omoar\u0103 pe Apsu la \u00eenceputul mitului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/anu\/\">Anu, fiul \/ nepotul ei (dac\u0103 exist\u0103 pagina)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/mesopotamien\/\">Mesopotamia, prezentare general\u0103 a panteonului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/anti-goetter\/\">Anti-zei, subcategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/goetter\/\">Zei, prezentare general\u0103 a clasei<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em>. Winona Lake 2013.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Heidel, Alexander: <em>The Babylonian Genesis. The Story of Creation<\/em>. Chicago 1951.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Watkins, Calvert: <em>How to Kill a Dragon. Aspects of Indo-European Poetics<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma \u201eTiamat&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00fb941 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"00fb941\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2decbcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2decbcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre Tiamat<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cine a fost Tiamat \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> babilonian\u0103?<\/h3><p>Tiamat este zei\u021ba primordial\u0103 a oceanului de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 \u00een mitul babilonian al crea\u021biei Enuma Elish. Ea \u0219i so\u021bul ei Apsu (oceanul de ap\u0103 dulce) sunt primele fiin\u021be; amestecul lor d\u0103 na\u0219tere primelor genera\u021bii de zei. \u00cens\u0103 zeii mai tineri sunt zgomoto\u0219i \u0219i tulbur\u0103tori; Apsu vrea s\u0103 \u00eei nimiceasc\u0103.<\/p><p>Tiamat ezit\u0103, dar dup\u0103 moartea lui Apsu (ucis de Ea) dezl\u0103n\u021buie o armat\u0103 de dragoni \u0219i mon\u0219tri pentru a se r\u0103zbuna. Marduk, cel mai t\u00e2n\u0103r dintre zei, o \u00eenfr\u00e2nge \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 lupt\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cum a creat Marduk lumea din trupul Tiamatei?<\/h3><p>Dup\u0103 victoria lui Marduk asupra Tiamatei, el \u00eei scindeaz\u0103 trupul \u00een dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi: din jum\u0103tatea superioar\u0103 creeaz\u0103 bolta cereasc\u0103 (cu stele \u0219i traseul solar), din jum\u0103tatea inferioar\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul, mun\u021bii \u0219i fluviile Eufrat \u0219i Tigru (din ochii ei).<\/p><p>Din s\u00e2ngele lui Qingu, conduc\u0103torul ei ucis, Marduk amestec\u0103 lut \u0219i creeaz\u0103 primii oameni, meni\u021bi s\u0103 slujeasc\u0103 zeilor. Mitul crea\u021biei are paralele structurale cu nara\u021biunea din Genez\u0103 (desp\u0103r\u021birea apelor, separarea cerului de p\u0103m\u00e2nt).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cine a fost Tiamat \u00een mitologia babilonian\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Tiamat este zei\u021ba primordial\u0103 a oceanului de ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 \u00een mitul babilonian al crea\u021biei Enuma Elish. Ea \u0219i so\u021bul ei Apsu (oceanul de ap\u0103 dulce) sunt primele fiin\u021be; amestecul lor d\u0103 na\u0219tere primelor genera\u021bii de zei. \u00cens\u0103 zeii mai tineri sunt zgomoto\u0219i \u0219i tulbur\u0103tori; Apsu vrea s\u0103 \u00eei nimiceasc\u0103. Tiamat ezit\u0103, dar dup\u0103 moartea lui Apsu (ucis de Ea) dezl\u0103n\u021buie o armat\u0103 de dragoni \u0219i mon\u0219tri pentru a se r\u0103zbuna. Marduk, cel mai t\u00e2n\u0103r dintre zei, o \u00eenfr\u00e2nge \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 lupt\u0103.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cum a creat Marduk lumea din trupul Tiamatei?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Dup\u0103 victoria lui Marduk asupra Tiamatei, el \u00eei scindeaz\u0103 trupul \u00een dou\u0103 jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi: din jum\u0103tatea superioar\u0103 creeaz\u0103 bolta cereasc\u0103 (cu stele \u0219i traseul solar), din jum\u0103tatea inferioar\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul, mun\u021bii \u0219i fluviile Eufrat \u0219i Tigru (din ochii ei). Din s\u00e2ngele lui Qingu, conduc\u0103torul ei ucis, Marduk amestec\u0103 lut \u0219i creeaz\u0103 primii oameni, meni\u021bi s\u0103 slujeasc\u0103 zeilor. Mitul crea\u021biei are paralele structurale cu nara\u021biunea din Genez\u0103 (desp\u0103r\u021birea apelor, separarea cerului de p\u0103m\u00e2nt).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tiamat, zei\u021b\u0103 a tradi\u021biei mesopotamiene Dragonul primordial al apelor s\u0103rate, mama tuturor zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului. Tiamat este cea mai veche for\u021b\u0103 din cosmosul mesopotamian, nu malefic\u0103, ci primordial\u0103, masa haotic\u0103 a apelor s\u0103rate din care a izvor\u00e2t toat\u0103 via\u021ba \u0219i \u00een care aceasta se \u00eentoarce. *Enuma Elish* poveste\u0219te \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk, \u00eens\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1638,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tiamat","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tiamat - Dragonul primordial \u0219i haosul \u00een Enuma Elish","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105164","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tiamat - Dragonul primordial \u0219i haosul \u00een Enuma Elish<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tiamat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T14:08:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tiamat - Dragonul primordial \u0219i haosul \u00een Enuma Elish\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T14:07:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T14:08:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tiamat\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Tiamat\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T14:07:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T14:08:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2878,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/tiamat\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"description\":\"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Tiamat - Dragonul primordial \u0219i haosul \u00een Enuma Elish","description":"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tiamat","og_description":"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-08-04T14:08:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Timp estimat pentru citire":"14 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Tiamat","datePublished":"2026-08-04T14:07:47+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T14:08:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/"},"wordCount":2878,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/","name":"Tiamat - Dragonul primordial \u0219i haosul \u00een Enuma Elish","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp","datePublished":"2026-08-04T14:07:47+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T14:08:11+00:00","description":"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der Mesopotamien-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/acasa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tiamat"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Tiamat","datePublished":"2026-08-04T14:07:47+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T14:08:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/"},"wordCount":2878,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tiamat\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Mama zeilor, \u00eentruchipare a haosului, \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea ei de c\u0103tre Marduk \u0219i crearea lumii din trupul ei."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105164"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105169,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105164\/revisions\/105169"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}