{"id":105146,"date":"2026-08-04T14:06:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/marena-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T14:06:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T14:06:39","slug":"marena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/marena\/","title":{"rendered":"Marena"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"105146\" class=\"elementor elementor-105146 elementor-2099\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena, zei\u021ba tradi\u021biei slave<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena (\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i ca Morana sau Marzanna) este zei\u021ba slav\u0103 a iernii, a mor\u021bii \u0219i a rena\u0219terii. Ea \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 anotimpul \u00eentunecat \u0219i moartea ca parte a ciclului natural \u0219i este venerat\u0103 \u00een ritualuri care \u00eempletesc via\u021ba \u0219i moartea.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zei\u021b\u0103<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/slawisch\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologie slav\u0103 \u0219i religie popular\u0103, suprapus\u0103 de cre\u0219tinism \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al X-lea.\">Slav\u0103<\/a><a href=\"\/ro\/totengottheiten\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zei ai lumii de dincolo \u0219i ai mor\u021bii, st\u0103p\u00e2ni ai t\u0103r\u00e2mului cel\u0103lalt, judec\u0103tori ai mor\u021bilor, conduc\u0103tori ai sufletelor.\">Zeitate a mor\u021bilor<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1649\" alt=\"Marena - G\u00f6tter aus der Slawisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_slawisch_marena.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este reprezentat\u0103 ca o femeie \u00eentunecat\u0103 \u0219i frumoas\u0103, adesea \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de simboluri ale iernii (z\u0103pad\u0103, ghea\u021b\u0103, copaci desfrunzi\u021bi) \u0219i ale mor\u021bii (oase, cranii, foc). Spre deosebire de demonii malefici, Marena este o zei\u021b\u0103 cosmic\u0103 ce \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 for\u021be necesare, de\u0219i temute.<\/p><p>Ea domne\u0219te asupra lunilor de iarn\u0103 \u0219i este venerat\u0103 ca surs\u0103 a z\u0103pezii, a gerului \u0219i a ruinei recoltelor. Contrapunctul ei este Vesna (zei\u021ba prim\u0103verii). Marena este ambivalent\u0103: distructiv\u0103, dar \u0219i regeneratoare, iarna ucide pentru ca prim\u0103vara s\u0103 poat\u0103 rena\u0219te.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prezentare succint\u0103: Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este documentat\u0103 \u00een culegeri etnografice ale religiei populare slave (Afanasiev, Rybnikov, S\u00e9chan), \u00eens\u0103 mai pu\u021bin \u00een izvoare scrise timpurii. Sursele primare sunt \u00eenregistr\u0103ri de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cultura popular\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie, cu obiceiuri, nara\u021biuni \u0219i c\u00e2ntece.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclor<\/span> din secolele al XIX-lea \u0219i al XX-lea \u0219i studii etnografice.<\/p><p>R\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea este panslava: Rusia, Belarus, Ucraina, Polonia, Serbia. Cercet\u0103tori ai religiilor precum Nora Chadwick \u0219i Mathieu-Colas documenteaz\u0103 cultele Marenei \u00een ritualuri sezoniere. Figura este reconstituit\u0103 \u00een neop\u0103g\u00e2nismul modern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare istoric\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zei\u021ba iernii \u0219i a mor\u021bii. Marena guverneaz\u0103 z\u0103pada, ghea\u021ba \u0219i frigul. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">Tradi\u021bia<\/span> scris\u0103 se \u00eentinde pe mai multe secole, cu tradi\u021bii orale mai vechi dedesubt. Slavii au p\u0103strat \u0219i transmis aceast\u0103 entitate de-a lungul unor perioade \u00eendelungate, ceea ce indic\u0103 o semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 central\u0103.<\/p><p>Obiceiul Marzannei este viu p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, mai ales \u00een Polonia, Cehia, Slovacia \u0219i \u00een p\u0103r\u021bi ale altor \u021b\u0103ri slave. \u00cen multe locuri, clase \u0219colare \u0219i asocia\u021bii s\u0103rb\u0103toresc ast\u0103zi scoaterea \u0219i arderea sau \u00eenecarea p\u0103pu\u0219ii \u00een jurul datei de 21 martie, ca \u00eenceput al prim\u0103verii.<\/p><p>Forma s-a schimbat \u00een timp: dintr-un ritual sezonier solemn, obiceiul a devenit treptat o tradi\u021bie popular\u0103, uneori cu tent\u0103 turistic\u0103. Esen\u021ba, desp\u0103r\u021birea de iarn\u0103 prin distrugerea figurii Marzannei, s-a p\u0103strat \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne vizibil\u0103 \u00een cultura festiv\u0103 regional\u0103.<\/p><h3>\u00cencadrare mitologic\u0103<\/h3><p>Marena este o zei\u021b\u0103 a frigului iernii \u0219i a mor\u021bii \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> slav\u0103. Ea \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 jum\u0103tatea \u00eentunecat\u0103 a anului \u0219i zonele de grani\u021b\u0103 dintre via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i moarte. Nu este o zei\u021b\u0103 malefic\u0103, ci o for\u021b\u0103 necesar\u0103 \u00een ciclul existen\u021bei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena nu era limitat\u0103 la anumite regiuni, ci era cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i venerat\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga lume slav\u0103. Fie \u00een centrele urbane, fie \u00een regiunile rurale, fie \u00een r\u00e2ndul elitelor sau al oamenilor simpli, semnifica\u021bia spiritual\u0103 era recunoscut\u0103 \u0219i respectat\u0103 pretutindeni.<\/p><p>Venerarea sau alungarea Marenei era r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 pe \u00eentregul spa\u021biu locuit de slavi, numele variind regional: Marzanna \u00een Polonia, Morana \u00een Cehia \u0219i Slovacia, Mara sau Morena \u00een alte teritorii.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 diversitate lingvistic\u0103 indic\u0103 o baz\u0103 comun\u0103 mai veche. Prin vecin\u0103tate, migra\u021bie \u0219i schimburi \u00eentre comunit\u0103\u021bile slave, ritualul de prim\u0103var\u0103 s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit pe arii \u00eentinse, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd totodat\u0103 comparabil \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea sa, purtarea \u0219i distrugerea p\u0103pu\u0219ii, de la o regiune la alta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este documentat\u0103 \u00een surse primare de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cultura popular\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie, cu obiceiuri, nara\u021biuni \u0219i c\u00e2ntece.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclor<\/span>, mai ales \u00een basme \u0219i c\u00e2ntece populare slave (Sbornik russkich narodnych pesen, culegeri de c\u00e2ntece populare ruse\u0219ti). Sursele literare primare directe sunt t\u00e2rzii \u0219i nesistematice.<\/p><p>Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103: Nora Chadwick (The Slavic Peoples), Mathieu-Colas (Dictionnaire de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span> Slave), Linda J. Ivanits (Russian Folk Belief), Vladimir Toporov \u0219i Vyacheslav Ivanov (\u0219coala Toporov-Ivanov de reconstituire a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> indo-europene). Conceptul Marenei este reconstituit din obiceiuri populare \u0219i ritualuri agrare, nu din texte canonice precum cele ale zeilor chinezi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante ortografice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este reprezentat\u0103 cu anumite elemente iconografice codificate simbolic, cu semnifica\u021bii profunde. Aceste elemente transmit func\u021biile, sursele de putere, atribu\u021biile \u0219i rolul cosmic al acestei entit\u0103\u021bi. Sistemul vizual le permite ini\u021bia\u021bilor \u0219i celor cultiva\u021bi cultural s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 semnifica\u021biile profunde.<\/p><p>Marena, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i ca Morana sau Marzanna, devine palpabil\u0103 mai ales prin ritualul p\u0103pu\u0219ii sale. Aceasta este \u00eempletit\u0103 din paie, \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 cu petice de stof\u0103 \u0219i panglici \u0219i acoperit\u0103 cu p\u00e2nze albe sau un ve\u0219m\u00e2nt deschis la culoare, care simbolizeaz\u0103 moartea \u0219i iarna. \u00cen unele regiuni, figura poart\u0103 o cunun\u0103 sau coliere din coji de ou\u0103.<\/p><p>Spre deosebire de o reprezentare fix\u0103 a unei zei\u021be, centrul aten\u021biei \u00eel ocup\u0103 p\u0103pu\u0219a confec\u021bionat\u0103 anual din nou, al c\u0103rei aspect variaz\u0103 local, dar revine \u00een linii mari acelea\u0219i tr\u0103s\u0103turi. \u00cembinarea paiului, a p\u00e2nzei deschise \u0219i a semnelor iernii trimite la rolul ei de \u00eentruchipare a anotimpului rece stins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracteristici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena ocupa un loc central \u00een practica religioas\u0103 \u0219i \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea cotidian\u0103 a slavilor. Oamenii se adresau acestei entit\u0103\u021bi \u00een situa\u021bii critice sau \u00een anumite anotimpuri rituale, prin ritualuri structurate, rug\u0103ciuni sau ofrande. Practica era transmis\u0103 cu precizie \u0219i condus\u0103 adesea de preo\u021bi sau speciali\u0219ti.<\/p><p>Obiceiul legat de Marena avea o func\u021bie sezonier\u0103 clar\u0103. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul iernii, tradi\u021bional \u00een jurul echinoc\u021biului de prim\u0103var\u0103, p\u0103pu\u0219a Marzannei era purtat\u0103 \u00eentr-un cortegiu prin sat, apoi ars\u0103 sau aruncat\u0103 \u00eentr-un curs de ap\u0103, uneori ambele, una dup\u0103 alta.<\/p><p>Prin aceasta, iarna era alungat\u0103 simbolic \u0219i venirea prim\u0103verii \u0219i a fertilit\u0103\u021bii era favorizat\u0103. Obiceiul a fost transmis timp \u00eendelungat \u00een spa\u021biile slave, deoarece marca trecerea la perioada de cre\u0219tere \u0219i era s\u0103rb\u0103torit \u00een comunitate.<\/p><h3>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are \u0219i simbolic\u0103<\/h3><p>Marena apare ca o femeie slab\u0103, b\u0103tr\u00e2n\u0103, \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een alb sau \u00een giulgii. Este asociat\u0103 cu gerul \u0219i z\u0103pada. \u00cen unele reprezent\u0103ri poart\u0103 o coas\u0103. Albul \u0219i griul sunt culorile ei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Marena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fi\u0219a de identificare trateaz\u0103 Marena din \u0219ase perspective: originea ei cosmologic\u0103 drept zei\u021b\u0103 a iernii \u0219i a mor\u021bii, grupurile care o venerau ritualic (\u021b\u0103rani, sezonier), iconografia \u0219i \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area ei sumbr\u0103, rolul ei \u00een ritualurile funerare \u0219i confirmarea ciclului, precum \u0219i paralelele din culturi \u00eenrudite. Aceste dimensiuni eviden\u021biaz\u0103 rolul central al Marenei \u00een sistemul anului ritual slav.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Originea Marenei<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este asociat\u0103 geografic \u0219i cosmologic cu iarna \u0219i cu nordul. Originea ei cultural\u0103 este proto-slav\u0103, probabil preistoric\u0103, deoarece zeit\u0103\u021bi ale iernii apar \u00een multe culturi indo-europene. M\u0103rturiile scrise sunt t\u00e2rzii \u0219i adesea deformate de cre\u0219tinism.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, Marena este \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 ca o specializare a unei zei\u021be generale a mor\u021bii \u0219i rena\u0219terii, a c\u0103rei func\u021bie s-a consolidat odat\u0103 cu ciclurile agricole sezoniere. Numele ei ar putea proveni din r\u0103d\u0103cina slavo-indo-european\u0103 *mer (a muri).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Referitor la<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena era venerat\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de \u021b\u0103rani \u0219i ciobani \u00een ritualurile de iarn\u0103, mai ales \u00een fazele de tranzi\u021bie (prima ninsoare, solsti\u021biul de iarn\u0103, sf\u00e2r\u0219itul iernii). S\u0103rb\u0103tori \u0219i ritualuri precum Masleni\u021ba (s\u0103rb\u0103toarea untului, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span> de r\u0103mas-bun de la iarn\u0103) erau prilejuri legate de Marena.<\/p><p>Femeile aveau roluri speciale \u00een ritualurile Marenei: aprinderea focurilor de bucurie sau confec\u021bionarea figurilor Marenei (p\u0103pu\u0219i), care erau apoi arse sau aruncate \u00een r\u00e2uri (alungarea Marenei). Venerarea era sezonier-ciclic\u0103, nu pe tot parcursul anului, ca \u00een cazul Domovoiului.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este reprezentat\u0103 ca o femeie frumoas\u0103, dar sumbr\u0103, adesea \u00een ve\u0219minte \u00eentunecate, cu p\u0103rul alb sau cenu\u0219iu. Atributele ei sunt z\u0103pada, ghea\u021ba, oasele, o secer\u0103 (cosa\u0219 ca Parcele) sau un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al focului. Uneori este reprezentat\u0103 \u00eenaripat\u0103, pentru a-i sugera rapiditatea \u0219i inevitabilitatea.<\/p><p>\u00cen arta popular\u0103 este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 ca \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare \u0219i fascinant\u0103 totodat\u0103. Culorile sunt albul (z\u0103pad\u0103), negrul (\u00eentuneric) \u0219i ro\u0219ul (via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i foc). Iconografia este \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nt\u0103toare, dar nu excesiv de malefic\u0103, mai degrab\u0103 melancolic\u0103 \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacr\u0103<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activitate<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong> Marena (cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i ca Morena, Mara) simbolizeaz\u0103 iarna, moartea \u0219i grani\u021ba dintre via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i lumea de dincolo. Este zei\u021ba putrezirii \u0219i a rena\u0219terii; \u00een fiecare an, p\u0103pu\u0219a ei este ars\u0103 (ritualul arderii), pentru a alunga iarna \u0219i a chema prim\u0103vara.<\/p><p>Ea c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te pe cai albi peste z\u0103pad\u0103 \u0219i ghea\u021b\u0103. Nu este malefic\u0103, ci necesar\u0103, for\u021ba care \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u0219te totul \u0219i las\u0103 loc rena\u0219terii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ap\u0103rarea \u00eempotriva Marenei<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este o zei\u021b\u0103 cosmic\u0103, nici bun\u0103, nici rea, ci necesar\u0103. Venerarea ei se face prin ritualuri sezoniere de recunoa\u0219tere a puterii sale \u0219i de rug\u0103ciune pentru o iarn\u0103 bl\u00e2nd\u0103 sau o prim\u0103var\u0103 timpurie.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritualul<\/span> p\u0103pu\u0219ii Marenei (s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Shrovetide) era un amestec de venerare \u0219i alungare simbolic\u0103: p\u0103pu\u0219a (Marena) era ars\u0103 sau aruncat\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103, pentru a pune cap\u0103t iernii \u0219i a invoca prim\u0103vara. Ritualurile de protec\u021bie constau din simboluri ale focului \u0219i rug\u0103ciuni. Venerarea era cosmic-ciclic\u0103 \u0219i recuno\u0219tea Marena drept o for\u021b\u0103 necesar\u0103 \u00een cursul anului, nu ca o entitate du\u0219m\u0103noas\u0103 de comb\u0103tut.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fiin\u021be \u00eenrudite<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comparabile sunt alte zeit\u0103\u021bi ale iernii \u0219i mor\u021bii: Hades sau Persefona \u00een tradi\u021bia greco-roman\u0103 (zeit\u0103\u021bi ale mor\u021bii), nordica Hel (zei\u021ba lumii subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene), Hecate \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> greac\u0103 (zei\u021ba pragurilor \u0219i a mor\u021bii) \u0219i Kali \u00een hinduism (zei\u021ba distrugerii \u0219i rena\u0219terii). Tuturor le este comun\u0103 natura ambivalent\u0103 \u00eentre distrugere \u0219i regenerare, precum \u0219i aspectul ciclic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena se \u00eenscrie \u00een seria zei\u021belor sezoniere ale mor\u021bii \u0219i \u00eennoirii \u0219i se paralelerizeaz\u0103 din punct de vedere compozi\u0163ional cu Persefona elenistic\u0103 \u0219i cu Isis egiptean\u0103 \u00een doliu. Ciclul ei iarn\u0103-prim\u0103var\u0103 este concretizat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui ritual religios fixat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obiceiul<\/span> slav prin arderea sau \u00eenecarea unei p\u0103pu\u0219i de paie, practic\u0103 ce nu are un corespondent direct \u00een spa\u021biul mediteranean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tradi\u021bia iudaic\u0103:<\/strong> \u00cen iudaism nu exist\u0103 o zei\u021b\u0103 direct\u0103 a iernii sau a mor\u021bii precum Marena. Dumnezeul YHWH controleaz\u0103 anotimpurile \u0219i moartea, dar nu sub forma antropomorf\u0103 a unei zei\u021be feminine. Totu\u0219i, Kabbalah cunoa\u0219te Binah ca \u201eMam\u0103&#8221; \u0219i adversar\u0103 cosmic\u0103 (Gevurah\/Rigor ca latur\u0103 distructiv\u0103), ceea ce ofer\u0103 o paralel\u0103 conceptual\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Lumea greco-roman\u0103:<\/strong> Persefona, ca regin\u0103 a lumii subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al iernii (jum\u0103tate de an sub p\u0103m\u00e2nt), se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu Marena. De asemenea, Hecate este o zei\u021b\u0103 a \u00eentunericului \u0219i a pragurilor. Diferen\u021ba const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 Persefona \u0219i Hecate sunt mai degrab\u0103 figuri mitologice \u00een roluri stabile, dec\u00e2t zei\u021be ale ciclului cosmic precum Marena. Hecate este vr\u0103jitoare \u0219i paznic, nu zei\u021b\u0103 a anotimpurilor.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> Zei\u021ba Ereshkigal domne\u0219te peste lumea subp\u0103m\u00e2ntean\u0103 (Kur), asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu st\u0103p\u00e2nirea Marenei asupra iernii. \u00cens\u0103 Ereshkigal nu este sezonier\u0103; ea este static\u0103 \u00een domeniul ei subteran. Nu are un aspect al ciclului anotimpurilor precum Marena.<\/p><p><strong>India \u0219i Asia:<\/strong> Kali sau Durga \u00een hinduism \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 o feminitate distructiv-regeneratoare asem\u0103n\u0103toare Marenei. \u00cen taoism exist\u0103 Yin (\u00eentunecat, rece) ca principiu corespunz\u0103tor iernii, dar nu ca zei\u021b\u0103 personalizat\u0103. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistem religios \u00een care speciali\u0219ti comunic\u0103 cu lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanismul<\/span> japonez exist\u0103 zeit\u0103\u021bi ale lumii subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene precum Izanami, asociate cu moartea. Tuturor acestor tradi\u021bii le este comun\u0103 feminitatea mor\u021bii \u0219i regenerarea ciclic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5d54a1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd5d54a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe274c99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe274c99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Problema surselor privind lumea zeilor slavi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d012d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7d012d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0032283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0032283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cine se apropie de Marena, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i ca Morana, Mara sau Marzanna, trebuie s\u0103 reflecteze mai \u00eent\u00e2i asupra situa\u021biei dificile a surselor referitoare la religia slav\u0103.<\/p><p>Slavii p\u0103g\u00e2ni nu au l\u0103sat texte religioase proprii; cre\u0219tinarea s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat pe parcursul mai multor secole, iar ceea ce \u0219tim despre zeii lor provine \u00een principal din trei tipuri de surse: relat\u0103rile cronicarilor cre\u0219tini, scrierile biserice\u0219ti ulterioare care interziceau obiceiurile p\u0103g\u00e2ne \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> etnografic\u0103 din epoca modern\u0103.<\/p><p>Pentru Marena, atestarea medieval\u0103 este firav\u0103. Spre deosebire de, de pild\u0103, Perun din spa\u021biul est-slav, ea apare cu greu \u00een cronicile timpurii ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">zeitate<\/span> venerat\u0103.<\/p><p>Ceea ce se cunoa\u0219te despre ea se sprijin\u0103 mai ales pe surse t\u00e2rzii din spa\u021biul vest-slav, \u00een special din Polonia, Cehia \u0219i Slovacia, precum \u0219i pe obiceiurile de \u00eenceput de prim\u0103var\u0103, care au supravie\u021buit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een epoca modern\u0103.<\/p><p>O surs\u0103 important\u0103, adesea citat\u0103, este cronicarul polonez Jan Dlugosz din secolul al XV-lea, care \u00een Istoria Poloniei a \u00eencercat s\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een coresponden\u021b\u0103 vechii zei slavi cu zeit\u0103\u021bi romane. Astfel de construc\u021bii savante trebuie tratate cu precau\u021bie, deoarece interpreteaz\u0103 materialul slav prin prisma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoca culturii grece\u0219ti \u0219i romane, aproximativ 800 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 600 d.Hr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichit\u0103\u021bii<\/span>.<\/p><p>Consecin\u021ba din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor este clar\u0103. Un tablou sigur \u0219i unitar al unei zei\u021be Marena din epoca p\u0103g\u00e2n\u0103 nu poate fi conturat. Ceea ce este cu certitudine identificabil este mai ales figura ritualizat\u0103 a obiceiului de prim\u0103var\u0103, o p\u0103pu\u0219\u0103 de paie numit\u0103 Marzanna sau Morena, care este purtat\u0103 \u0219i distrus\u0103.<\/p><p>Dac\u0103 \u0219i \u00een ce form\u0103 st\u0103 \u00een spatele acesteia o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">zeitate<\/span> cu adev\u0103rat venerat\u0103 a slavilor p\u0103g\u00e2ni r\u0103m\u00e2ne controversat \u00een cercetare. Aceast\u0103 incertitudine face parte din prezentarea onest\u0103 a figurii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd610a66 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd610a66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75c7cd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp75c7cd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scoaterea Marzannei ca ritual de prim\u0103var\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5897b73 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5897b73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb48ef19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb48ef19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marena este cel mai sigur identificabil\u0103 \u00een r\u0103sp\u00e2nditul <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obicei<\/span> vest-slav de \u00eenceput de prim\u0103var\u0103, practicat \u00een Polonia, Cehia, Slovacia \u0219i regiunile \u00eenvecinate p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent.<\/p><p>\u00cen centru se afl\u0103 o p\u0103pu\u0219\u0103 din paie, adesea \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een haine feminine, numit\u0103 Marzanna, Morena sau cu nume asem\u0103n\u0103toare. Ea \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 iarna, moartea \u0219i \u00eencremenirea anotimpului rece.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">Obiceiul<\/span> se practic\u0103 tradi\u021bional \u00een jurul \u00eenceputului astronomic al prim\u0103verii sau \u00een a patra duminic\u0103 de post. Comunitatea, adesea copii \u0219i tineri, poart\u0103 p\u0103pu\u0219a \u00eentr-un cortegiu prin sat \u0219i apoi \u00een afara acestuia, de obicei c\u00e2nt\u00e2nd.<\/p><p>La final, Marzanna este distrus\u0103: ars\u0103, aruncat\u0103 \u00eentr-un curs de ap\u0103 sau ambele, una dup\u0103 alta. \u00cen multe locuri se consider\u0103 primejdios s\u0103 atingi p\u0103pu\u0219a care se scufund\u0103 sau s\u0103 te ui\u021bi \u00eenapoi la ea pe drumul de \u00eentoarcere.<\/p><p>Adesea, scoaterii Marzannei \u00eei corespunde un al doilea act, opus, aducerea prim\u0103verii sau a verii, simbolizat\u0103 printr-o ramur\u0103 verde, un pomi\u0219or \u00eempodobit sau o alt\u0103 p\u0103pu\u0219\u0103. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">Obiceiul<\/span> este astfel un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> \u00een dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi: moartea \u0219i iarna rece sunt alungate, via\u021ba \u0219i anotimpul cald sunt aduse \u00een\u0103untru.<\/p><p>Din perspectiv\u0103 etnografic\u0103, acest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obicei<\/span> este interpretat ca ritual de trecere \u0219i purificare care \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te schimbarea anotimpului \u0219i \u00eel sprijin\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui ritual religios fixat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>. Biserica medieval\u0103 a comb\u0103tut scoaterea unor astfel de p\u0103pu\u0219i, ceea ce arat\u0103 c\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obiceiul<\/span> era perceput ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Din perspectiv\u0103 cre\u0219tin\u0103: apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unei religii precre\u0219tine sau necre\u0219tine.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u0103g\u00e2n<\/span>, iar tocmai aceast\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 ecleziastic\u0103 constituie una dintre cele mai importante surse pentru vechimea sa.<\/p><p>Dac\u0103 p\u0103pu\u0219a reprezenta ini\u021bial o zei\u021b\u0103 sau era de la bun \u00eenceput o \u00eentruchipare a iernii nu poate fi decis pe baza <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obiceiului<\/span> singur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp212838e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp212838e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6060732 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6060732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marena ca zei\u021b\u0103 a mor\u021bii \u0219i a iernii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0bac407 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0bac407\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc986f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc986f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pornind de la obiceiul de prim\u0103var\u0103 \u0219i de la indicii lingvistice, cercetarea a reconstituit imaginea unei zei\u021be slave a mor\u021bii, a iernii \u0219i a \u00eencremenrii, subliniind \u00eentotdeauna caracterul ipotetic al acestei reconstituiri.<\/p><p>Numele \u00eensu\u0219i ofer\u0103 un punct de referin\u021b\u0103: apar\u021bine unei familii de cuvinte gravit\u00e2nd \u00een jurul unei r\u0103d\u0103cini indo-europene cu sensul de a muri, din care fac parte \u0219i latinescul <em>mors<\/em>, moartea, \u0219i cuvinte pentru omor \u0219i mor\u021bi \u00een diverse limbi. Se discut\u0103 \u0219i leg\u0103tura cu fiin\u021bele nocturne de ap\u0103sare, cu <em>mara<\/em> slav\u0103 \u0219i cu Mahr-ul germanic.<\/p><p>De aici rezult\u0103 o interpretare a Marenei ca \u00eentruchipare a for\u021belor ostile vie\u021bii: frigul, \u00eentunericul, stagnarea vegeta\u021biei \u0219i moartea. \u00cen aceast\u0103 lectur\u0103, ea este contrapunctul hibernal al for\u021belor prim\u0103verii \u0219i ale fertilit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p><p>Unii cercet\u0103tori, mai ales din tradi\u021bia polonez\u0103 \u0219i ceh\u0103, au interpretat-o ca o zei\u021b\u0103 ambivalent\u0103, care nu aduce doar groaz\u0103, ci apar\u021bine \u0219i ciclului necesar, c\u0103ci f\u0103r\u0103 iarn\u0103 nu exist\u0103 prim\u0103var\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 moarte nu exist\u0103 re\u00eennoire.<\/p><p>Reprezent\u0103rile ulterioare, mai ales cele de popularizare \u0219i neoheidnice, au dezvoltat Marena \u00eentr-o zei\u021b\u0103 a mor\u021bii cu biografie, \u00eenrudiri \u0219i func\u021bii bine definite. Aceste imagini sunt atr\u0103g\u0103toare, dar nu sunt sus\u021binute de critica surselor; ele aduc adesea mai mult din imaginarul modern dec\u00e2t din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> medieval\u0103 \u00een figur\u0103.<\/p><p>Pozi\u021bia \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 serioas\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne prudent\u0103. Exist\u0103 motive \u00eentemeiate s\u0103 se presupun\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een spatele <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obiceiului<\/span> \u0219i al numelui se afl\u0103 o reprezentare a unei puteri personificate, hibernal-letale.<\/p><p>O zei\u021b\u0103 Marena venerat\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>, cu un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> elaborat, nu poate fi \u00eens\u0103 atestat\u0103 cu certitudine din sursele p\u0103strate. Marena r\u0103m\u00e2ne astfel un caz exemplar pentru limitele cunoa\u0219terii noastre despre religia slav\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/slawisch\/\">Culturi slave<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/perun\/\">Perun, tunetul \u0219i re\u00eenceputurile<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/hel\/\">Hel, zei\u021ba germanic\u0103 a lumii subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/hades\/\">Hades, zeul grec al lumii subp\u0103m\u00e2ntene<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 de cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Ivanits, Linda: <em>Russian Folk Belief<\/em>. M.E. Sharpe, 1989.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hubbs, Joanna: <em>Mother Russia. The Feminine Myth in Russian Culture<\/em>. Indiana University Press, 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gimbutas, Marija: <em>The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe<\/em>. Thames and Hudson, 1982.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Roux, Valentina: em>Ancient Slavic Religion<\/em>. Routledge, 1999.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marena, zei\u021ba tradi\u021biei slave Marena (\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i ca Morana sau Marzanna) este zei\u021ba slav\u0103 a iernii, a mor\u021bii \u0219i a rena\u0219terii. Ea \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 anotimpul \u00eentunecat \u0219i moartea ca parte a ciclului natural \u0219i este venerat\u0103 \u00een ritualuri care \u00eempletesc via\u021ba \u0219i moartea. Zei\u021b\u0103Slav\u0103Zeitate a mor\u021bilor Cuprins Marena Marena este reprezentat\u0103 ca o femeie \u00eentunecat\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1649,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Marena","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Marena - Zeitate a slavilor","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Marena, zei\u021ba slav\u0103 a iernii \u0219i a mor\u021bii. Ritualul de topire spre prim\u0103var\u0103, arderea ei ca obicei de Masleni\u021ba \u0219i \u00eenrudirea cu Morana.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"slawisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-105146","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Marena - Zeitate a slavilor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Marena, zei\u021ba slav\u0103 a iernii \u0219i a mor\u021bii. 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