{"id":104947,"date":"2026-08-04T12:42:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/thoth-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T12:43:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:43:03","slug":"thoth","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/","title":{"rendered":"Thoth"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"104947\" class=\"elementor elementor-104947 elementor-2052\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thoth, zeul tradi\u021biei egiptene<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zeu al lunii, scriitor al zeilor, inventator al hieroglifelor \u0219i al cunoa\u0219terii. Thoth este polul intelectual al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologiei<\/span> egiptene, nu un zeu r\u0103zboinic, ci m\u0103sur\u0103torul, scriitorul, magicianul cuv\u00e2ntului.<\/p><p>Cu cap de ibis sau cap de maimu\u021b\u0103, \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuarul<\/span> s\u0103u din Hermopolis, Thoth st\u0103 \u00eentre Isis \u0219i Set ca arbitru, \u00eentre cer \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nt ca preot. Cuv\u00e2ntul s\u0103u este crea\u021bie; t\u0103cerea sa este tain\u0103.<\/p><p>Thoth este un zeu egiptean al scrierii, \u00een\u021belepciunii \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magiei<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/aegypten\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia Egiptului antic, aproximativ 3000 \u00ee.Hr. p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 30 \u00ee.Hr.\">Egipt<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1551\" alt=\"Thoth - G\u00f6tter aus der \u00c4gypten-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thoth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prezentare succint\u0103: Thoth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Divinitate principal\u0103 egiptean\u0103, zeu al scrierii, \u00een\u021belepciunii \u0219i lunii<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Panteon<\/span>: Egipt (toate dinastiile), \u00een epoc\u0103 elenistic\u0103 receptat interna\u021bional ca Hermes Trismegistos<\/p><p>Func\u021bie: scriere, \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span>, lun\u0103, scriitor al judec\u0103\u021bii mor\u021bilor, arbitru al zeilor<br>Atribute principale: cap de ibis sau form\u0103 de babuin, palet\u0103 de scris, condei, semilun\u0103<br>Principale centre de cult: Hermopolis Magna (Khmunu), Dakka (Nubia), Tuna el-Gebel (necropol\u0103 de animale)<br>Identificare greceasc\u0103: Hermes Trismegistos (elenistic), Hermes (\u00een sincretismul simplu)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thoth este atestat \u00eenc\u0103 din Textele Piramidelor (incanta\u021bia 218, cca. sec. XXIV \u00ee.Hr.), fiind unul dintre cei mai vechi zei egipteni cu venerare continu\u0103. Perioada de \u00eenflorire principal\u0103 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologiei<\/span> dedicate lui Thoth: Regatul Mijlociu \u0219i Regatul Nou (de la cca. 2050 \u00ee.Hr.). \u00cen epoca ptolemaic\u0103 (sec. III-I \u00ee.Hr.), ascensiunea ca divinitate principal\u0103 a Hermopolisului Magna (Khmunu, \u201eOra\u0219ul celor Opt&#8221;, dup\u0103 cele opt divinit\u0103\u021bi primordiale).<\/p><p>Sincretizarea elenistic\u0103 cu Hermes conduce la tradi\u021bia <em>Hermes Trismegistos<\/em> (\u201eHermes cel de Trei Ori Mare&#8221;), iar <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em> (sec. I-III d.Hr.) devine principalul fundament al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Termen generic pentru doctrine care pretind un cunoa\u0219tere ascuns\u0103, accesibil\u0103 doar ini\u021bia\u021bilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">ezoterismului<\/span> occidental (hermetismul renascentist, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Leg\u0103tur\u0103 premodern\u0103 \u00eentre filosofia naturii \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021ba simbolurilor; lucreaz\u0103 cu transformarea materiei ca transformare interioar\u0103.\">alchimia<\/span>). \u00cen Antichitatea t\u00e2rzie cre\u0219tin\u0103, receptat ca \u201eMoise egiptean&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spa\u021biul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principalul centru de cult era <strong>Hermopolis Magna<\/strong> (egiptean\u0103 <em>Khmunu<\/em>, ast\u0103zi El-Ashmunein \u00een Egiptul Mijlociu), cel mai mare <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un loc sacru dedicat vener\u0103rii unei divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuar<\/span> al lui Thoth, cu renumita <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> a \u201eOra\u0219ului celor Opt&#8221;. De asemenea <strong>Tuna el-Gebel<\/strong> (necropol\u0103 cu mii de ibi\u0219i \u0219i babuini mumifica\u021bi, animalele sacre ale lui Thoth), <strong>Dakka<\/strong> (Nubia), <strong>Memphis<\/strong> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> \u00een complexul lui Ptah).<\/p><p>\u00cen epoca ptolemaic\u0103, \u0219i <strong>Alexandria<\/strong> ca centru al tradi\u021biei Hermes Trismegistos. Necropolele de animale de la Tuna el-Gebel se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai mari ansambluri religioase ale Egiptului de Perioad\u0103 T\u00e2rzie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surse centrale: Textele Piramidelor (incanta\u021biile 218, 524, 555), Textele Sarcofagelor, Cartea Mor\u021bilor (incanta\u021biile 17, 30, capitolul c\u00e2nt\u0103ririi inimii cu Thoth ca scriitor), <em>Cartea Vacii Cere\u0219ti<\/em>, cosmogonia \u201eOra\u0219ului celor Opt&#8221; din Hermopolis.<\/p><p>Elenistic: <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em> (colec\u021bia canonic\u0103 a textelor Hermes Trismegistos), <em>De Iside et Osiride<\/em> a lui Plutarh. Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103: Bleeker, <em>Hathor and Thoth<\/em> (lucrare de referin\u021b\u0103); Boylan, <em>Thot, the Hermes of Egypt<\/em>; Stadler, <em>Weiser und Wesir. Studien zu Vorkommen, Rolle und Wesen des Gottes Thot<\/em>; Copenhaver, <em>Hermetica<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i variante ortografice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thoth este reprezentat cu cap de ibis (sau mai rar cu cap de babuin) pe un corp masculin, adesea \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00een p\u00e2nzeturi albe de in. <em>Ibisul<\/em> era <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacru<\/span> \u00een Egipt; uciderea unui ibis constituia o fapt\u0103 grav\u0103.<\/p><p>Thoth poart\u0103 adesea o palet\u0103 de scris, suluri de papirus sau o semilun\u0103 pe frunte. <em>Babuinul<\/em> sau <em>maimu\u021ba<\/em> (<em>Djaty<\/em>) era \u0219i el animalul s\u0103u \u00eenso\u021bitor \u0219i \u00eei \u00eentruchipa natura capricioas\u0103, dar str\u0103lucitoare. Num\u0103rul s\u0103u sacru este 42, num\u0103rul judec\u0103torilor din Cartea Mor\u021bilor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracteristici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thoth este administratorul zeilor \u0219i al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea structurii \u0219i a ordinii lumii \u00een cadrul unei culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologiei<\/span>. El a inventat scrierea, aritmetica, astronomia \u0219i medicina. \u00cen <em>Cartea Mor\u021bilor<\/em>, Thoth este grefierul procesului de judecat\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba lui Osiris, consemn\u00e2nd dac\u0103 inima defunctului este mai grea dec\u00e2t pana adev\u0103rului (<em>Maat<\/em>).<\/p><p>Preo\u021bii \u0219i scriitorii \u00eel venerau ca patron. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">Templul<\/span> s\u0103u din Hermopolis era centrul specula\u021biei teologice. \u00cen ritualuri, Thoth era invocat pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea memoriei, pentru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magia<\/span> cuvintelor \u0219i pentru vindecarea prin cunoa\u0219tere.<\/p><p><strong>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are \u0219i simbolic\u0103<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Thoth<\/em> este reprezentat cel mai frecvent ca ibis, cu ciocul lung \u0219i curbat, sau ca b\u0103rbat cu cap de ibis. \u00cen forma sa de scriitor, poart\u0103 o coroan\u0103 simpl\u0103 alb\u0103 sau neagr\u0103 \u0219i \u021bine \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 pana de scris \u0219i un sul de papirus.<\/p><p>Ochii s\u0103i sunt p\u0103trunz\u0103tori ca ai unui pas\u0103re \u00een\u021belepte. Ibisul este o pas\u0103re a zonelor umede \u0219i \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 astfel leg\u0103tura dintre lumi. Uneori <em>Thoth<\/em> este reprezentat ca babuin, animalul \u00een\u021belepciunii lunare. Pana lui <em>Thoth<\/em> era instrumentul s\u0103u magic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 de identificare: Thoth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aspectele esen\u021biale ale lui Thoth privite \u00een ansamblu. C\u00e2mpurile urm\u0103toare rezum\u0103 originea, func\u021bia, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area, venerarea, simbolurile \u0219i paralelele culturale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradi\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pozi\u021bia genealogic\u0103 a lui Thoth nu este stabilit\u0103 \u00een mod uniform. \u00centr-o tradi\u021bie este fiul lui Re, \u00een alta s-a n\u0103scut din capul lui Set (c\u00e2nd Set a furat ochiul lui Horus). So\u021bul <em>Seshat<\/em> (zei\u021ba scriitorilor \u0219i patroana arhitecturii).<\/p><p>La Hermopolis, conduc\u0103torul <em>Ogdoadei<\/em> (Octada divinit\u0103\u021bilor primordiale: patru perechi androginice care personific\u0103 haosul primordial). \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> lui Osiris, mediator central: vindec\u0103 ochiul r\u0103nit al lui Horus (ochiul <em>Wedjat<\/em>), consemneaz\u0103 verdictul \u00een disputa dintre Horus \u0219i Set \u0219i \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te mor\u021bii \u00een lumea de dincolo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domenii de ac\u021biune<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patron al artei scrierii, matematicii, astronomiei, medicinei, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magiei<\/span>. Este considerat inventatorul hieroglifelor, al m\u0103surilor \u0219i greut\u0103\u021bilor, al calendarului. <em>Scriitorul judec\u0103\u021bii mor\u021bilor<\/em>: \u00een tribunalul Maat consemneaz\u0103 rezultatul c\u00e2nt\u0103ririi inimii; f\u0103r\u0103 scriitura sa, defunctul nu poate intra \u00een lumea de dincolo.<\/p><p><em>Zeu al lunii<\/em>, a c\u0103rui mi\u0219care pe cerul nop\u021bii ordoneaz\u0103 timpul. <em>Arbitru al zeilor<\/em>, mediind \u00een conflictele dintre ace\u0219tia (Horus-Set, Re-Apophis). \u00cen tradi\u021bia Hermes Trismegistos, marele maestru al tainelor ezoterice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dou\u0103 forme principale:<\/p><p><strong>Figur\u0103 masculin\u0103 cu cap de ibis:<\/strong> ten \u00eenchis, \u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 paleta de scris \u0219i condeiul, ve\u0219m\u00e2nt lung de curte. Pe cap, frecvent semiluna cu discul lunar.<\/p><p><strong>Forma de babuin:<\/strong> babuin \u0219ez\u00e2nd (adesea cu semiluna pe cap), unul dintre animalele sacre ale lui Thoth. Statuetele de babuin erau extrem de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite ca ofrande votive.<\/p><p>\u00cen sincretismul ptolemaico-grec, reprezentat cu mantia lui Hermes \u0219i caduceul (Hermes Trismegistos). \u00cen necropolele de animale, mii de ibi\u0219i \u0219i babuini mumifica\u021bi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Func\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Domeniu de ac\u021biune:<\/strong> Thoth era invocat de to\u021bi scriitorii \u0219i c\u0103rturarii; \u0219colile de scriitori \u00eencepeau ziua cu o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea lingvistic\u0103 a omului c\u0103tre o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">rug\u0103ciune<\/span> adresat\u0103 lui Thoth, iar orice breasl\u0103 a scriitorului se afla sub patronajul s\u0103u. Central \u00een vindecare \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span>: textele medicale \u0219i magice \u00eencep \u00een mod tipic cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocarea<\/span> lui Thoth.<\/p><p>Indispensabil \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul<\/span> mor\u021bilor; asisten\u021ba sa \u00een tribunalul Maat era solicitat\u0103 explicit \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor (incanta\u021bia 30). La necropola din Tuna el-Gebel, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un om care \u00eentreprinde o c\u0103l\u0103torie motivat\u0103 religios c\u0103tre un loc sacru.\" tabindex=\"0\">pelerinii<\/span> aduceau peti\u021biile lor, le scriau pe cioburi de lut \u0219i le \u00eengropau l\u00e2ng\u0103 mumiile de animale. \u00cen epoca ptolemaic\u0103, tradi\u021bia Hermes Trismegistos atr\u0103gea ezoteri\u0219ti greco-romani din \u00eentregul bazin mediteranean.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Atribute \u0219i simboluri<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Paleta de scris \u0219i condeiul (atributul s\u0103u principal), semiluna cu discul lunar, ochiul Wedjat (pe care l-a vindecat), sceptrul Was, Ankh. Animale sacre: ibisul (\u00een special ibisul african alb-negru), babuinul. Plante: arborele Persea, smochinul sicomore. Num\u0103r sacru: 8 (Ogdoada). Culori sacre: albastru (luna) \u0219i auriu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coresponden\u021be<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Hermes<\/em> (Grecia, sincretism simplu), <em>Hermes Trismegistos<\/em> (identificare dubl\u0103 elenistic\u0103, cel mai celebru <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fuziunea reprezent\u0103rilor sau divinit\u0103\u021bilor provenite din tradi\u021bii religioase diferite.\">sincretism<\/span> din istoria religiilor), <em>Mercurius<\/em> (Roma), <em>Nabu<\/em> (Mesopotamia, zeu al scrierii \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunii, aproape identic din punct de vedere func\u021bional), <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (hinduism, zei\u021ba cunoa\u0219terii), <em>Manjushri<\/em> (budism, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00cen budismul Mahayana, o fiin\u021b\u0103 iluminat\u0103 care \u00ee\u0219i am\u00e2n\u0103 propria eliberare \u00een favoarea propov\u0103duirii c\u0103tre celelalte fiin\u021be.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> al \u00een\u021belepciunii), <em>Mimir<\/em> (germanic, f\u00e2nt\u00e2na \u00een\u021belepciunii), <em>Ogma<\/em> (celtic, inventatorul scrierii Ogham).<\/p><p>Func\u021bional: to\u021bi zeii scrierii \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunii \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc aspecte ale lui Thoth. Conexiunea lun\u0103-scriere-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span> este prezent\u0103 \u00een numeroase culturi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Venerarea \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong>Ritualuri \u0219i invoca\u021bii<\/strong><br>\nCultul ibisului de la Hermopolis \u0219i Saqqara a l\u0103sat nenum\u0103rate mumii de ibis. Thoth era invocat \u00een desc\u00e2ntece de vindecare \u0219i de magie \u0219i ac\u021biona la judecata mor\u021bilor ca scriitor \u00een cadrul c\u00e2nt\u0103ririi inimii.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Incanta\u021bii \u0219i invoca\u021bii<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong>Transmiterea textelor \u0219i formule<\/strong><br>\nThoth este considerat patronul \u00eentregii scrieri; incanta\u021biile C\u0103r\u021bii Mor\u021bilor sunt numite \u201ecuvintele lui Thoth&#8221;. Scrierile hermetice, \u00een care Hermes Trismegistos \u00eei corespunde lui Thoth, \u0219i papirusurile magice se reclam\u0103 de la el.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Amulete \u0219i simboluri de protec\u021bie<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Simbol protector, amulet\u0103 sau obiect apotropaic.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaica<\/span> materiale \u0219i m\u0103rturii arheologice<\/strong><br>\nAmuletele cu ibis \u0219i babuin, figurile de ibis ale lui Thoth \u0219i amuletele \u00een form\u0103 de palet\u0103 de scris uneau ideea de protec\u021bie cu cunoa\u0219terea \u0219i cuv\u00e2ntul.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thoth, paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thoth seam\u0103n\u0103 cu Hermes (Grecia), ambii fiind st\u0103p\u00e2ni divini ai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magiei<\/span>, vorbirii \u0219i scrierii. El evoc\u0103 \u0219i pe Odin (Scandinavia), care se jertfe\u0219te pentru \u00een\u021belepciune \u0219i inventeaz\u0103 un sistem de scriere. \u00cen tradi\u021biile iudaice exist\u0103 un element comparabil \u00een Enoh, scriitorul c\u0103r\u021bii cere\u0219ti. Conceptul zeului ca scriitor \u0219i mediator este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit; Thoth este o realizare deosebit de sistematic\u0103 a acestuia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp37d67c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp37d67c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb020cf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb020cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermopolis \u0219i Ogdoada: centrul de cult al lui Thoth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfd9efdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfd9efdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpba54a7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpba54a7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cel mai important centru de cult al lui Thoth se afla \u00een Egiptul Mijlociu, \u00een ora\u0219ul pe care grecii \u00eel numeau Hermopolis Magna \u0219i care \u00een egiptean\u0103 se numea <em>Chemenu<\/em>, \u201eOra\u0219ul celor Opt&#8221;. Numele trimite la <em>Ogdoas<\/em>, octada a patru perechi de divinit\u0103\u021bi care, potrivit doctrinei hermopolitane, \u00eentruchipa starea primordial\u0103 dinaintea crea\u021biei.<\/p><p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> local\u0103, Thoth era considerat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate incorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte \u00een lume.\" tabindex=\"0\">spiritul<\/span> ordonator care a adus lumea la existen\u021b\u0103 din haosul Ogdoadei.<\/p><p>Din vechiul ora\u0219 s-au p\u0103strat ast\u0103zi mai ales ruinele de l\u00e2ng\u0103 satul el-Ashmunein, al c\u0103rui nume conserv\u0103 vechiul <em>Chemenu<\/em>. \u00cen apropiere, la Tuna el-Gebel, se afla extins\u0103 necropol\u0103 \u00een care erau \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntate animalele sacre ale lui Thoth.<\/p><p>Hermopolis a fost timp de milenii un centru de greutate religios. Marele <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templu<\/span> al lui Thoth a fost re\u00eennoit de mai multe ori; faraoni din perioada Regatului Nou p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een epoca ptolemaic\u0103 au construit acolo. Din perioada roman\u0103 s-au p\u0103strat r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele unei colonade. Identificarea greceasc\u0103 a lui Thoth cu Hermes a f\u0103cut din ora\u0219 \u0219i un nod al tradi\u021biei hermetice.<\/p><p>Ancorarea local\u0103 explic\u0103 mult din profilul lui Thoth. Ca zeu al unui important centru administrativ \u0219i de educa\u021bie, el a fost de la bun \u00eenceput asociat cu scrierea, calculul \u0219i administra\u021bia.<\/p><p>Preo\u021bimea din Hermopolis cultiva o scriere savant\u0103 care \u00eel stiliza pe zeu ca st\u0103p\u00e2n al cunoa\u0219terii. Astfel, caracterul lui Thoth ca zeu al erudi\u021biei nu trebuie g\u00e2ndit \u00een mod abstract, ci str\u00e2ns legat de un loc real \u0219i de func\u021bia sa social\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpda62503 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpda62503\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5b7d3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa5b7d3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ibisul \u0219i babuinul: animalele sacre \u0219i \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103rile lor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfcaebed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfcaebed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb094bfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb094bfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thoth este reprezentat \u00een dou\u0103 forme animale: ca b\u0103rbat cu cap de ibis sau \u00een \u00eentregime ca ibis, \u0219i ca babuin, de obicei ca maimu\u021b\u0103 cinocefal\u0103 \u0219ez\u00e2nd\u0103. Ambele animale \u00eei erau considerate <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dat sacrului printr-o ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 \u0219i astfel separat de sfera cotidian\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacre<\/span> \u0219i ambele au fost mumificate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen catacombele de la Tuna el-Gebel, arheologii au dezvelit galerii subterane extinse umplute cu vase de lut ce con\u021bineau ibi\u0219i mumifica\u021bi. Num\u0103rul lor se ridic\u0103 la sute de mii, dup\u0103 unele estim\u0103ri chiar la milioane de-a lungul \u00eentregii perioade de utilizare.<\/p><p>Ansambluri similare exist\u0103 la Saqqara \u0219i \u00een alte locuri. Au fost \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u021bi \u0219i babuini, ale c\u0103ror mumii s-au g\u0103sit de asemenea la Tuna el-Gebel \u0219i la Saqqara.<\/p><p>Aceste mumific\u0103ri \u00een mas\u0103 f\u0103ceau parte dintr-o pia\u021b\u0103 religioas\u0103: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un om care \u00eentreprinde o c\u0103l\u0103torie motivat\u0103 religios c\u0103tre un loc sacru.\" tabindex=\"0\">pelerinii<\/span> achizi\u021bionau o mumie de animal ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un obiect oferit unei divinit\u0103\u021bi \u00een urma unui leg\u0103m\u00e2nt sau ca mul\u021bumire.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofrand\u0103 votiv\u0103<\/span>, care urma s\u0103 le transmit\u0103 rug\u0103mintea zeului. Cercet\u0103ri realizate inclusiv cu tomografia computerizat\u0103 au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 pachetele nu con\u021bineau \u00eentotdeauna animale complete; uneori se g\u0103sesc doar fragmente sau material de umplutur\u0103. Aceasta ridic\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri cu privire la practicile atelierelor templiere.<\/p><p>Pentru cre\u0219terea ibi\u0219ilor exist\u0103 indicii privind existen\u021ba unor instala\u021bii proprii \u00een apropierea templelor. Logistica de a \u021bine animale, de a le sacrifica, prepara \u0219i \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta era considerabil\u0103 \u0219i implica personal templar specializat. Necropolele de animale ale lui Thoth reprezint\u0103 astfel unele dintre cele mai revelatoare m\u0103rturii ale economiei religioase practice din Egiptul de Perioad\u0103 T\u00e2rzie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf63ee70 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf63ee70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3cb2944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3cb2944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scriitorul la judecata mor\u021bilor: Thoth \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5118f2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5118f2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp64cc9a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp64cc9a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Una dintre cele mai cunoscute scene ale religiei egiptene este c\u00e2nt\u0103rirea inimii, judecata mor\u021bilor numit\u0103 <em>psihostasie<\/em>. Ea este descris\u0103 pe larg \u00een <em>Cartea Mor\u021bilor<\/em>, mai ales \u00een incanta\u021bia 125, \u0219i transpus\u0103 vizual \u00een numeroase papirusuri \u0219i decora\u021biuni funerare. Cel mai cunoscut papirus, cel al scriitorului Hunefer din Regatul Nou, ilustreaz\u0103 scena \u00een forma sa clasic\u0103.<\/p><p>Inima defunctului este c\u00e2nt\u0103rit\u0103 pe o balan\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de pana <em>Maat<\/em>, a adev\u0103rului \u0219i ordinii universale. <a href=\"\/ro\/anubis\/\">Anubis<\/a> m\u00e2nuie\u0219te balan\u021ba, iar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 care reune\u0219te \u00een sine tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale diferitelor vie\u021buitoare.\" tabindex=\"0\">fiin\u021bei hibride<\/span> Ammit \u00eei revine s\u0103 \u00eenghit\u0103 inima dac\u0103 aceasta este g\u0103sit\u0103 prea grea.<\/p><p>Thoth st\u0103 al\u0103turi ca scriitor \u0219i consemneaz\u0103 \u00een scris rezultatul. El proclam\u0103 verdictul \u0219i \u00eel prezint\u0103 lui <a href=\"\/ro\/osiris\/\">Osiris<\/a>, st\u0103p\u00e2nul lumii mor\u021bilor.<\/p><p>Rolul este ales cu precizie. Thoth nu este judec\u0103torul, ci grefierul \u0219i garantul desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii corecte a procedurii. Tribunalul are astfel structura unui dosar administrativ egiptean: exist\u0103 o m\u0103surare, o constatare scris\u0103 \u0219i o prezentare \u00een fa\u021ba instan\u021bei supreme. Func\u021bia lui Thoth ca st\u0103p\u00e2n al scrierii \u00eel face func\u021bionarul indispensabil al acestei proceduri.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre scriere, drept \u0219i lumea de dincolo caracterizeaz\u0103 \u00eentreaga imagine a lui Thoth. Zeul care se presupune c\u0103 a inventat hieroglifele asigur\u0103 \u0219i contabilitatea vie\u021bii ve\u0219nice.<\/p><p>Cine \u00een Egiptul antic \u0219tia s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 scrie se afla astfel \u00eentr-o rela\u021bie special\u0103 cu acest zeu; mul\u021bi scriitori includeau numele lui Thoth \u00een al lor sau \u00eel venerau ca patron al profesiei lor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpffe5ce0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpffe5ce0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9cb57b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9cb57b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">De la Thoth la Hermes Trismegistos: tradi\u021bia hermetic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a507d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7a507d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11b6177 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp11b6177\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odat\u0103 cu domina\u021bia greac\u0103 asupra Egiptului, a \u00eenceput o identificare cu consecin\u021be de anvergur\u0103. Grecii l-au identificat pe Thoth cu mesagerul lor divin Hermes, deoarece ambii erau considera\u021bi intermediari, zei ai limbajului \u0219i ai erudi\u021biei. Hermopolis purta acest nume tocmai datorit\u0103 acestei identific\u0103ri.<\/p><p>Din fuziunea lor a ap\u0103rut figura lui <em>Hermes Trismegistos<\/em>, \u201eHermes cel de Trei Ori Mare&#8221;. Sub acest nume a fost redactat\u0103 \u00een Egiptul elenistic \u0219i roman o vast\u0103 literatur\u0103, denumit\u0103 ast\u0103zi literatur\u0103 hermetic\u0103. Aceasta cuprinde tratate filozofico-religioase, cunoscute sub numele de <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em>, precum \u0219i texte tehnice de astrologie, alchimie \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practici care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een cursul lucrurilor prin ac\u021biuni sau formule speciale.\" tabindex=\"0\">magie<\/span>.<\/p><p>Aceste scrieri nu au fost redactate de un preot al Egiptului antic, ci sunt produse ale culturii mixte a Egiptului greco-roman. Ele \u00eembin\u0103 filosofia greac\u0103 cu elemente egiptene \u0219i de alt\u0103 origine. Cercetarea, inclusiv lucr\u0103rile lui Garth Fowden, a eviden\u021biat c\u00e2t de mult aceste texte apar\u021bin unui anumit mediu al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie \u00eentre Antichitate \u0219i Evul Mediu, aproximativ secolele III-VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichit\u0103\u021bii t\u00e2rzii<\/span>.<\/p><p>Istoria influen\u021bei a fost enorm\u0103. \u00cen Rena\u0219tere, dup\u0103 traducerea <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em> de c\u0103tre Marsilio Ficino \u00een secolul al XV-lea, Hermes Trismegistos era considerat un \u00een\u021belept de odinioar\u0103, care se presupunea c\u0103 a tr\u0103it \u00eenaintea sau contemporan cu Moise.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Abia Isaac Casaubon a demonstrat \u00een 1614 c\u0103 textele sunt post-cre\u0219tine. Astfel, originea egiptean\u0103 a fost devalorizat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 tradi\u021bia hermetic\u0103 a continuat s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Termen generic pentru doctrine care pretind un cunoa\u0219tere ascuns\u0103, accesibil\u0103 doar ini\u021bia\u021bilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">ezoterism<\/span> \u0219i \u00een \u0219tiin\u021ba timpurie. Zeul ora\u0219ului cu cap de ibis din Hermopolis se afl\u0103 astfel la originea uneia dintre cele mai influente curente ale istoriei intelectuale europene.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9d97fd4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9d97fd4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9600b33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9600b33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zeu al lunii, calculator \u0219i arbitru: profilul teologic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa567a72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa567a72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp94b8eea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp94b8eea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atribu\u021biile lui Thoth pot fi grupate \u00een jurul c\u00e2torva nuclee. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, el este un zeu al lunii. Luna, cu fazele sale m\u0103surabile, \u00eel lega de cronometrie, calendar \u0219i \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea anului.<\/p><p>\u00centr-o nara\u021biune cunoscut\u0103, Thoth c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 la joc por\u021biuni de lumin\u0103 de la lun\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t iau na\u0219tere cele cinci zile intercalare ale anului egiptean, \u00een care se nasc printre al\u021bii <a href=\"\/ro\/osiris\/\">Osiris<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"\/ro\/isis\/\">Isis<\/a>.<\/p><p>De aici decurge a doua sfer\u0103: m\u0103surarea, num\u0103rarea \u0219i consemnarea \u00een scris. Thoth este considerat st\u0103p\u00e2nul hieroglifelor, al artei calculului \u0219i al tuturor \u0219tiin\u021belor. El este scriitorul divin care ordoneaz\u0103 cuvintele \u0219i m\u0103soar\u0103 timpul. \u00cen temple, <em>Maat<\/em> \u00eei era str\u00e2ns asociat\u0103, g\u00e2ndit\u0103 uneori ca tovar\u0103\u0219a sa.<\/p><p>A treia sfer\u0103 este cea a medierii. \u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitul<\/span> disputei dintre <a href=\"\/ro\/horus\/\">Horus<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"\/ro\/set\/\">Seth<\/a> pentru mo\u0219tenirea lui Osiris, Thoth apare ca instan\u021b\u0103 mediatoare \u0219i conciliatoare.<\/p><p>El vindec\u0103 ochiul r\u0103nit al lui Horus, ochiul <em>Udjat<\/em>, \u0219i \u00eel restabile\u0219te. Aceast\u0103 func\u021bie de vindecare \u0219i restaurare \u00eel face \u0219i un zeu invocat \u00een desc\u00e2ntece magice \u00eempotriva bolii \u0219i pericolului.<\/p><p>\u00cencadrarea din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 aceste atribu\u021bii sunt corelate: luna, cronometria, scrierea, dreptul \u0219i vindecarea sunt \u00een g\u00e2ndirea egiptean\u0103 aspecte ale unei singure performan\u021be de ordonare. Thoth este zeul care confer\u0103 previzibilitate cosmosului \u0219i societ\u0103\u021bii. Oriunde ceva este reglementat, m\u0103surat, atestat sau mediat, el este competent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/ro\/horus\/\">Horus, primitorul ochiului Wedjat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/hermes\/\">Hermes, partenerul grecesc al sincretismului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/nabu\/\">Nabu, paralela mesopotamian\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/aegypten\/\">Egipt, prezentare general\u0103 a panteonului<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/hochgottheiten\/\">Divinit\u0103\u021bi supreme, subcategorie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/ro\/goetter\/\">Zei, prezentare general\u0103 pe clase<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Bleeker, C. J.: <em>Hathor and Thoth. Two Key Figures of the Ancient Egyptian Religion<\/em>. Leiden 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Boylan, Patrick: <em>Thot, the Hermes of Egypt<\/em>. Oxford 1922.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Stadler, Martin: <em>Weiser und Wesir. Studien zu Vorkommen, Rolle und Wesen des Gottes Thot im \u00e4gyptischen Totenbuch<\/em>. T\u00fcbingen 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Copenhaver, Brian P.: <em>Hermetica. The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius<\/em>. Cambridge 1992.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma \u201eThot&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87ee400 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87ee400\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c41f62a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c41f62a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre Thoth<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cine a fost Thoth \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul nara\u021biunilor despre zei transmise prin tradi\u021bie \u00eentr-o cultur\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> egiptean\u0103?<\/h3><p>Thoth (\u00een egiptean\u0103 Djehuti) a fost zeul egiptean al scrierii, \u00een\u021belepciunii, matematicii, astronomiei \u0219i medicinei, adic\u0103 al \u0219tiin\u021bei \u00een sensul cel mai larg. Era reprezentat de obicei cu capul unui ibis, uneori ca babuin.<\/p><p>Thoth este considerat inventatorul hieroglifelor, al calculului lunar \u0219i al calendarului. La judecata mor\u021bilor este grefierul care consemneaz\u0103 \u00een scris rezultatul c\u00e2nt\u0103ririi. Este considerat \u0219i mediatorul zeilor, \u00een\u021beleptul sf\u0103tuitor care rezolv\u0103 disputele.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Cine a fost Hermes Trismegistos \u0219i ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 are cu Thoth?<\/h3><p>Hermes Trismegistos (Hermes cel de Trei Ori Mare) este o figur\u0103 de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoc\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie \u00eentre Antichitate \u0219i Evul Mediu, aproximativ secolele III-VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antichitate t\u00e2rzie<\/span> rezultat\u0103 din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fuziunea reprezent\u0103rilor sau divinit\u0103\u021bilor provenite din tradi\u021bii religioase diferite.\" tabindex=\"0\">sincretism<\/span>, fuziunea dintre Hermes grecesc \u0219i Thoth egiptean. \u00cen Egiptul elenistic, cei doi au fost identifica\u021bi deoarece ambii erau zei mesageri \u0219i intermediari ai \u00een\u021belepciunii.<\/p><p>Hermes Trismegistos este considerat autorul scrierilor hermetice (Corpus Hermeticum, sec. I-III d.Hr.), un ansamblu filozofico-mistic care continu\u0103 s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een Rena\u0219tere \u0219i \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Termen generic pentru doctrine care pretind un cunoa\u0219tere ascuns\u0103, accesibil\u0103 doar ini\u021bia\u021bilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">ezoterism<\/span> (alchimie, astrologie, teosofie). Tabula Smaragdina \u00eei este atribuit\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cine a fost Thoth \u00een mitologia egiptean\u0103?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Thoth (\u00een egiptean\u0103 Djehuti) a fost zeul egiptean al scrierii, \u00een\u021belepciunii, matematicii, astronomiei \u0219i medicinei, adic\u0103 al \u0219tiin\u021bei \u00een sensul cel mai larg. Era reprezentat de obicei cu capul unui ibis, uneori ca babuin. Thoth este considerat inventatorul hieroglifelor, al calculului lunar \u0219i al calendarului. La judecata mor\u021bilor este grefierul care consemneaz\u0103 \u00een scris rezultatul c\u00e2nt\u0103ririi. Este considerat \u0219i mediatorul zeilor, \u00een\u021beleptul sf\u0103tuitor care rezolv\u0103 disputele.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Cine a fost Hermes Trismegistos \u0219i ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 are cu Thoth?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Hermes Trismegistos (Hermes cel de Trei Ori Mare) este o figur\u0103 de Antichitate t\u00e2rzie rezultat\u0103 din sincretism, fuziunea dintre Hermes grecesc \u0219i Thoth egiptean. \u00cen Egiptul elenistic, cei doi au fost identifica\u021bi deoarece ambii erau zei mesageri \u0219i intermediari ai \u00een\u021belepciunii. Hermes Trismegistos este considerat autorul scrierilor hermetice (Corpus Hermeticum, sec. I-III d.Hr.), un ansamblu filozofico-mistic care continu\u0103 s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een Rena\u0219tere \u0219i \u00een ezoterism (alchimie, astrologie, teosofie). Tabula Smaragdina \u00eei este atribuit\u0103.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thoth, zeul tradi\u021biei egiptene Zeu al lunii, scriitor al zeilor, inventator al hieroglifelor \u0219i al cunoa\u0219terii. Thoth este polul intelectual al mitologiei egiptene, nu un zeu r\u0103zboinic, ci m\u0103sur\u0103torul, scriitorul, magicianul cuv\u00e2ntului. Cu cap de ibis sau cap de maimu\u021b\u0103, \u00een sanctuarul s\u0103u din Hermopolis, Thoth st\u0103 \u00eentre Isis \u0219i Set ca arbitru, \u00eentre cer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1551,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Thoth","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Thoth - Zeul egiptean al scrierii \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunii","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"aegypten","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-104947","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thoth - Zeul egiptean al scrierii \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thoth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T12:43:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"16 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/\",\"name\":\"Thoth - Zeul egiptean al scrierii \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunii\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T12:42:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T12:43:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der \u00c4gypten-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Thoth\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Thoth\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T12:42:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T12:43:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3113,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/thoth\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"description\":\"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Thoth - Zeul egiptean al scrierii \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunii","description":"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Thoth","og_description":"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-08-04T12:43:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Timp estimat pentru citire":"16 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Thoth","datePublished":"2026-08-04T12:42:40+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T12:43:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/"},"wordCount":3113,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/","name":"Thoth - Zeul egiptean al scrierii \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunii","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp","datePublished":"2026-08-04T12:42:40+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T12:43:03+00:00","description":"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"G\u00f6tter aus der \u00c4gypten-Tradition."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/acasa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Thoth"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Thoth","datePublished":"2026-08-04T12:42:40+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-04T12:43:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/"},"wordCount":3113,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/thoth\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_thoth.webp","inLanguage":"ro-RO","description":"Scriitorul zeilor, inventatorul hieroglifelor, judec\u0103tor \u00een Cartea Mor\u021bilor. Hermopolis, Hermes Trismegistos."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104947"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104952,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104947\/revisions\/104952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}