{"id":104788,"date":"2026-08-04T12:27:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/freyr-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T12:28:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:28:32","slug":"freyr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/freyr\/","title":{"rendered":"Freyr"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"104788\" class=\"elementor elementor-104788 elementor-3004\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-933a9cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"933a9cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d30192b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d30192b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d91b927 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d91b927\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9444766 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9444766\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Freyr, zeul vanir al fertilit\u0103\u021bii<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f0e3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2f0e3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Freyr este un zeu vanir al fertilit\u0103\u021bii, p\u0103cii \u0219i bel\u0219ugului recoltei, care se bucur\u0103 de mare prestigiu \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia nordic\u0103<\/span>.<\/p><p>Freyr (sau Frey) este unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi zei din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul zeilor unei religii sau culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonul<\/span> germanic. Provine din neamul vanilor, a venit ca ostatic la Asgard dup\u0103 R\u0103zboiul Vanilor \u0219i este considerat zeul fertilit\u0103\u021bii, p\u0103cii, ploii, recoltei \u0219i prosperit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p><p>Re\u0219edin\u021ba sa este Alfheim, corabia sa Skidbladnir, mistre\u021bul s\u0103u Gullinbursti. Adam din Bremen \u00eel men\u021bioneaz\u0103 sub numele Fricco al\u0103turi de Thor \u0219i Wodan ca unul dintre cei trei zei principali ai templului din Uppsala. Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, Freyr este considerata divinitatea central\u0103 a fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een spa\u021biul germanic nordic, al c\u0103rei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> a r\u0103mas viu p\u00e2n\u0103 ad\u00e2nc \u00een secolul al XI-lea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea66aeb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ea66aeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e06d38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5e06d38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zeu \/ Zei\u021b\u0103: Putere suprem\u0103 personificat\u0103 \u00een panteonul unei culturi, cu atribu\u021bii clare, for\u021be ale naturii, destin, r\u0103zboi, fertilitate. Venerat\u0103 prin culte, jertfe \u0219i institu\u021bii templiere.\">Zeu<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/germanisch\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lumea zeilor \u0219i a spiritelor precre\u0219tine din nordul \u0219i centrul Europei.\">Germanic<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4331f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f4331f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc3c41e elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"cc3c41e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__cc3c41e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__cc3c41e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__cc3c41e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce7695c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce7695c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d0cb50 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2d0cb50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_freyr-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3219\" alt=\"Freyr - G\u00f6tter aus der Germanisch-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_freyr-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_freyr-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_freyr-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_germanisch_freyr.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1476e69 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1476e69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b86009 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b86009\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d34d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65d34d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mit \u0219i origine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-497d4b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"497d4b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Snorri Sturluson \u00eel prezint\u0103 pe Freyr \u00een &#8222;Edda \u00een proz\u0103&#8221; (Gylfaginning 24): &#8222;Freyr este cel mai m\u0103re\u021b dintre asi, el st\u0103p\u00e2ne\u0219te ploaia \u0219i lumina soarelui \u0219i cre\u0219terea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, pe el s\u0103-l invoce omul pentru road\u0103 bun\u0103 \u0219i pace. El hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219te \u0219i asupra bun\u0103st\u0103rii oamenilor.&#8221; Aceast\u0103 scurt\u0103 descriere surprinde spectrul func\u021bional: vreme, agricultur\u0103, pace, bun\u0103stare material\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Numele Freyr \u00eenseamn\u0103 la propriu &#8222;Domn&#8221; \u0219i este ini\u021bial un titlu (comparabil cu latinescul dominus), nu un nume propriu. Acest fapt semantic arat\u0103 c\u0103 adev\u0103ratul, vechiul nume al personajului s-a pierdut sau a fost \u00eenlocuit prin cuv\u00e2ntul-tabu Freyr.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>La fel stau lucrurile cu Freyja, al c\u0103rei nume \u00eenseamn\u0103 &#8222;Doamn\u0103&#8221;. Edgar Polome a propus \u00een &#8222;Essays on Germanic Religion&#8221; (1989) c\u0103 zeul principal al vanilor, ini\u021bial f\u0103r\u0103 nume, a supravie\u021buit \u00een tradi\u021bie sub titlul Freyr.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Tat\u0103l lui Freyr este Njord, mama sa sora f\u0103r\u0103 nume a lui Njord. Cu Freyja, sora \u0219i so\u021bia sa (dup\u0103 tradi\u021bia vanilor), precum \u0219i cu Gerd, uria\u0219a pe care o dob\u00e2nde\u0219te prin constr\u00e2ngere, el are leg\u0103turi rodnice.<\/p><p>&#8222;Ynglinga saga&#8221; \u00eel men\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe Fjolnir, un rege semimitologic al suedezilor Ynglingar, ca fiu al lui Freyr. Astfel, neamul regal suedez al Ynglingarilor este considerat descendent din Freyr.<\/p>\n\n<p>Freyr este personajul nordic principal al fertilit\u0103\u021bii masculine, dar nu o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span> cu o singur\u0103 func\u021bie. Pove\u0219tile sale zilnice cuprind reglarea vremii, lumina soarelui, ploaia, agricultura, naviga\u021bia (prin Skidbladnir) \u0219i pacea. Aceast\u0103 anvergur\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 i-a determinat pe cercet\u0103tori s\u0103 nu \u00eel clasifice pe Freyr ca un simplu zeu al celei de-a treia func\u021bii, ci ca o figur\u0103 complex\u0103 mixt\u0103, al c\u0103rei profil reflect\u0103 \u00een mod cuprinz\u0103tor condi\u021biile bun\u0103st\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p>Caracterul titlului din numele Freyr (&#8222;Domn&#8221;) a condus cercetarea de mai multe ori la \u00eentrebarea care ar fi putut fi numele ini\u021bial al acestui zeu. Edgar Polome a presupus \u00een eseurile sale un nume interzis, tabuizat, care a fost \u00eenlocuit prin cuv\u00e2ntul-titlu.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 tez\u0103 a tabuului este plauzibil\u0103 din punct de vedere lingvistic, dar greu de demonstrat empiric. Al\u021bi cercet\u0103tori (Jan de Vries, Rudolf Simek) consider\u0103 c\u0103 Freyr \u0219i Freyja au fost de la \u00eenceput nume-titluri, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fi existat vreun nume propriu originar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d329d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d329d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9142137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9142137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Simboluri \u0219i atribute<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eea007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eea007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mistre\u021bul lui Freyr, Gullinbursti (&#8222;Peri de aur&#8221;), este descris pe larg \u00een &#8222;Skaldskaparmal&#8221; al lui Snorri. Piticii Brokk \u0219i Eitri l-au f\u0103urit dintr-o piele de porc. Mistre\u021bul poate alerga prin aer \u0219i ap\u0103, mai repede dec\u00e2t orice cal, iar str\u0103lucirea sa lumineaz\u0103 noaptea.<\/p><p>Mistre\u021bul este asociat \u00een simbolistica nordic\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t \u00een alte culturi cu r\u0103zboiul \u0219i fertilitatea. Beowulf, coiful epocii vikinge de la Sutton Hoo (Anglia, secolul al VII-lea) \u0219i numeroase m\u00e2nere de s\u0103bii scandinave prezint\u0103 reprezent\u0103ri de mistre\u021b.<\/p>\n<p>Corabia sa Skidbladnir, f\u0103urit\u0103 de asemenea de pitici, este cea mai bun\u0103 dintre toate cor\u0103biile. Are \u00eentotdeauna v\u00e2nt favorabil de \u00eendat\u0103 ce sunt ridicate p\u00e2nzele \u0219i poate fi \u00eempaturit\u0103 ca o bucat\u0103 de p\u00e2nz\u0103 \u0219i pus\u0103 \u00eentr-o pung\u0103. Corabia este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un semn care reprezint\u0103 prin substitu\u021bie o idee sau o semnifica\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">simbol<\/span> al for\u021belor sale de referin\u021b\u0103 maritime (mo\u0219tenire de la tat\u0103l s\u0103u Njord) \u0219i al func\u021biei sale practic-pragmatice.<\/p>\n<p>Sabia sa este men\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een &#8222;Skirnismal&#8221; \u0219i \u00een &#8222;Gylfaginning&#8221;. Lupt\u0103 singur\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd o m\u00e2nuiesc cei care \u0219tiu. Freyr \u00eei d\u0103 sabia slujitorului s\u0103u Skirnir drept r\u0103splat\u0103 pentru pe\u021birea Gerdei.<\/p><p>La Ragnarok, Freyr cade tocmai de aceea \u00een lupta cu uria\u0219ul de foc Surt, pentru c\u0103 nu mai are sabia. Acest detaliu este sugerat \u00een &#8222;Voluspa&#8221; 53.<\/p>\n<p>Re\u0219edin\u021ba sa, Alfheim, la propriu &#8222;\u021binutul elfilor&#8221;, este men\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een &#8222;Grimnismal&#8221; 5 ca dar oferit lui Freyr la primul dinte. Aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu elfii luminii (Liosalfar) a primit diverse interpret\u0103ri \u00een cercetare.<\/p><p>Edgar Polome vedea \u00een aceasta o leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre fertilitate \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Venerarea str\u0103mo\u0219ilor unei familii ca puteri protectoare ce continu\u0103 s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze.\" tabindex=\"0\">cultul str\u0103mo\u0219ilor<\/span>, Rudolf Simek cite\u0219te pasajul ca un indiciu al unei vechi rela\u021bii de st\u0103p\u00e2nire \u00eentre Freyr \u0219i elfi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0141a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e0141a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed9638 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ed9638\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8192270 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8192270\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adam din Bremen descrie \u00een &#8222;Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum&#8221; (circa 1075) <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O construc\u021bie destinat\u0103 vener\u0103rii uneia sau mai multor divinit\u0103\u021bi.\" tabindex=\"0\">templul<\/span> din Uppsala cu trei statui de zei: Thor \u00een mijloc, Wodan \u0219i Fricco de o parte \u0219i de alta. Fricco este Freyr.<\/p><p>Adam relateaz\u0103 c\u0103 statuia lui Fricco era reprezentat\u0103 cu un falus uria\u0219. Aceast\u0103 reprezentare falic\u0103 este sus\u021binut\u0103 de descoperiri arheologice, de pild\u0103 statueta de la Rallinge (Suedia, secolele X-XI), o mic\u0103 figur\u0103 de bronz cu un falus clar vizibil.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Voluspa&#8221;, &#8222;Ynglinga saga&#8221; \u0219i mai multe saga islandeze relateaz\u0103 despre s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Yule \u0219i despre Disablot, la care Freyr juca un rol deosebit. Mistre\u021bul s\u0103u Gullinbursti i-a dat numele mistre\u021bului de Yule (sonargoltr).<\/p><p>De Yule, m\u00e2na era pus\u0103 solemn pe spatele mistre\u021bului \u0219i se depuneau jur\u0103minte. Acest obicei este descris pe larg \u00een &#8222;Hervarar saga ok Heidreks&#8221; (secolul al XIII-lea, cu material mai vechi).<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Toponimele cu elementul Freyr sunt extrem de numeroase \u00een Suedia \u0219i Norvegia: Frysta, Frola, Frostad, Fryskos, Froshulf, al\u0103turi de numeroase toponime cu elementul Frey-, Fro- \u0219i Freys-. Magnus Olsen a adunat \u00een &#8222;Hedenske kultminder&#8221; (1915) circa dou\u0103 sute de astfel de toponime. Aceast\u0103 urm\u0103 dens\u0103 subliniaz\u0103 importan\u021ba cultic\u0103 central\u0103 a lui Freyr, mai ales \u00een Suedia central\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Norvegia de sud-est.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Flateyjarbok&#8221; (sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIV-lea, cu material mai vechi) relateaz\u0103 despre o c\u0103l\u0103torie cu c\u0103ru\u021ba a unei statuete a lui Freyr prin Suedia, \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de o preoteas\u0103 considerat\u0103 so\u021bia lui Freyr (gydja). C\u0103l\u0103toria s-a \u00eencheiat cu o binecuv\u00e2ntare a fertilit\u0103\u021bii c\u00e2mpurilor. Acest raport corespunde tipologic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">procesiunii<\/span> Nerthus la Tacitus \u0219i eviden\u021biaz\u0103 continuitatea ritualurilor de fertilitate itinerante de-a lungul secolelor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a724180 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a724180\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12968d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12968d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mituri importante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cc99a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cc99a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span> central este curtarea Gerdei, uria\u0219a, de c\u0103tre Freyr. Poemul eddic &#8222;Skirnismal&#8221; poveste\u0219te pe larg: Freyr se a\u0219az\u0103 \u00een secret pe tronul \u00eenalt al lui Odin, Hlidskjalf, de pe care se v\u0103d toate lumile. O vede pe Gerd \u00een Jotunheim \u0219i se aprinde de dragoste. Bolnav de dor, \u00eel trimite pe slujitorul s\u0103u Skirnir s\u0103 o pe\u021bie pe Gerd.<\/p><p>Skirnir c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te pe calul lui Freyr prin fl\u0103c\u0103rile de foc spre Jotunheim. \u00cei ofer\u0103 Gerdei unsprezece mere de aur, apoi inelul Draupnir, \u00een cele din urm\u0103 o amenin\u021b\u0103 cu sabia \u0219i cu un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Formul\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 prin care se urm\u0103re\u0219te a provoca r\u0103u unei persoane sau unui lucru.\" tabindex=\"0\">blestem<\/span> devastator. Gerda cedeaz\u0103. Devine so\u021bia lui Freyr. \u00cens\u0103 Freyr \u0219i-a predat sabia \u0219i va trebui s\u0103 \u00eenfrunte la Ragnarok pe Surt f\u0103r\u0103 arm\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, &#8222;Skirnismal&#8221; este una dintre cele mai bogate surse. Magnus Olsen, Ursula Dronke, John Lindow \u0219i Anatoly Liberman au citit-o ca pe un ritual nup\u021bial care reprezint\u0103 mitologic unirea dintre soare (Freyr) \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nt (Gerd, luna, de la gardr &#8222;\u00eemprejmuit&#8221;).<\/p><p>Amenin\u021barea cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Formul\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 prin care se urm\u0103re\u0219te a provoca r\u0103u unei persoane sau unui lucru.\" tabindex=\"0\">blestemul<\/span> a fost interpretat\u0103 ca reflex al unui proces ritual de curtare: Freyr-luna trebuie s\u0103 \u00eembl\u00e2nzeasc\u0103 zei\u021ba p\u0103m\u00e2ntului prin promisiuni, daruri \u0219i amenin\u021b\u0103ri, pentru a asigura fertilitatea.<\/p>\n<p>Al doilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este moartea lui Freyr la Ragnarok. \u00cen &#8222;Voluspa&#8221; 53 \u0219i \u00een &#8222;Gylfaginning&#8221; 51 al lui Snorri se relateaz\u0103 pe scurt: Freyr lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva lui Surt \u0219i cade. Snorri adaug\u0103 c\u0103 Freyr lupt\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 sabia sa \u0219i de aceea pierde.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 scen\u0103-cheie arat\u0103 c\u0103 pe\u021birea Gerdei de c\u0103tre Freyr nu este doar o poveste de dragoste, ci are consecin\u021be cosmice: prin renun\u021barea la sabie, Freyr \u00ee\u0219i pecetluie\u0219te propria pieire escatologic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Al treilea <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span> este rolul lui Freyr ca str\u0103mo\u0219 al Ynglingarilor. &#8222;Ynglingatal&#8221; al lui Thjodolfr din Hvini (circa 880) \u0219i &#8222;Ynglinga saga&#8221; a lui Snorri Sturluson (circa 1230) enumer\u0103 regii suedezi de la Freyr (numit \u0219i Yngvi-Freyr) prin Fjolnir p\u00e2n\u0103 la regii istorici ai Norvegiei de vest.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 genealogie are o mare importan\u021b\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor, deoarece arat\u0103 cum un zeu al fertilit\u0103\u021bii a devenit str\u0103mo\u0219ul unei dinastii istorice.<\/p>\n\n<p>&#8222;Skirnismal&#8221; este unul dintre cele mai importante poeme eddice. Trateaz\u0103 curtarea Gerdei de c\u0103tre Freyr, dar sub suprafa\u021ba narativ\u0103 ofer\u0103 un bogat fond \u0219tiin\u021bific.<\/p><p>Amenin\u021b\u0103rile lui Skirnir cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Formul\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 prin care se urm\u0103re\u0219te a provoca r\u0103u unei persoane sau unui lucru.\" tabindex=\"0\">blestemul<\/span> (strofele 26-36) apar\u021bin genului blestemelor magice \u0219i con\u021bin termeni care au coresponden\u021be \u00een magia runic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een practica de invoca\u021bie vedic\u0103. Cercetarea lui Magnus Olsen, Anatoly Liberman \u0219i Ursula Dronke a valorificat aceste strofe ca material pre\u021bios pentru reconstituirea practicii nordice a blestemului.<\/p>\n<p>O lectur\u0103 alternativ\u0103 a &#8222;Skirnismal&#8221; a fost propus\u0103 de Anatoly Liberman \u00een &#8222;In Prayer and Laughter&#8221; (2016). Liberman vede \u00een poem o reprezentare umoristic\u0103, aproape satiric\u0103, a unui proces divin de curtare, care oglinde\u0219te practica arogant\u0103 de pe\u021bire a r\u0103zboinicilor din epoca viking\u0103. Aceast\u0103 lectur\u0103 contrasteaz\u0103 cu interpretarea sacral\u0103 tradi\u021bional\u0103 a lui Magnus Olsen \u0219i eviden\u021biaz\u0103 stratificarea textelor eddice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f74dc7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f74dc7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d986ccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d986ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rela\u021bii \u00een panteon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee6589b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee6589b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Freyr este fiul lui Njord, fratele Freyjai. Cu Freyja a z\u0103mislit urma\u0219i dup\u0103 tradi\u021bia vanilor, dar sursele t\u00e2rzii las\u0103 aceast\u0103 rela\u021bie \u00een plan secund. Cu Gerd este c\u0103s\u0103torit dup\u0103 obiceiul asilor, fiul lor este Fjolnir, primul rege mitologic Yngling.<\/p>\n<p>Cu Skirnir, slujitorul s\u0103u, exist\u0103 o rela\u021bie str\u00e2ns\u0103. Skirnir este solul s\u0103u, pe\u021bitorul s\u0103u, al doilea eu al s\u0103u. Unii cercet\u0103tori (Magnus Olsen, Folke Strom) vedeau \u00een Skirnir o ipostaz\u0103 a lui Freyr \u00eensu\u0219i, o a doua form\u0103 a figurii luminii. Aceast\u0103 lectur\u0103 este controversat\u0103, dar leg\u0103tura str\u00e2ns\u0103 dintre cele dou\u0103 personaje \u00een &#8222;Skirnismal&#8221; este izbitoare.<\/p>\n<p>Fa\u021b\u0103 de Odin \u0219i Thor, Freyr se comport\u0103 \u00een surse de obicei ca un zeu principal de rang egal. &#8222;Voluspa&#8221;, &#8222;Grimnismal&#8221; \u0219i sagele \u00eei men\u021bioneaz\u0103 adesea pe cei trei \u00een acela\u0219i suflu.<\/p><p>Triada lui Adam din Bremen Thor-Wodan-Fricco confirm\u0103 aceast\u0103 ierarhie pentru faza final\u0103 a epocii vikinge. &#8222;Lokasenna&#8221; 36-37 \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 o disput\u0103 \u00eentre Loki \u0219i Freyr, \u00een care Loki batjocore\u0219te renun\u021barea lui Freyr la sabie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-942dcb1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"942dcb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17811c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17811c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare \u0219i influen\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28bd99a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28bd99a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen sagele islandeze, mai ales \u00een &#8222;Hrafnkels saga Freysgoda&#8221; (secolul al XIII-lea), Freyr joac\u0103 un rol central. Hrafnkell este un gode al lui Freyr, un preot care consacr\u0103 zeului un cal. Oricine c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te calul este ucis.<\/p><p>Saga poveste\u0219te un conflict legat de acest cal, \u00een cursul c\u0103ruia Hrafnkell \u00ee\u0219i pierde credin\u021ba \u0219i \u00eei \u00eentoarce spatele templului s\u0103u cu zei. Aceast\u0103 conversie psihologic\u0103 \u00een mijlocul unei nara\u021biuni cu tent\u0103 mitic\u0103 este unul dintre cele mai interesante documente religioase din literatura sagelor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 cultura cotidian\u0103, obiceiurile \u0219i reprezent\u0103rile transmise prin tradi\u021bie.\" tabindex=\"0\">folclor<\/span>, amintirea lui Freyr tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een mistre\u021bul de Yule. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">Obiceiul<\/span> suedez al Julgrisen (mistre\u021bul de Yule, adesea \u00eempletit din paie) a r\u0103mas viu p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea \u00een zonele rurale. De asemenea, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie \u0219i repetat\u0103 \u00een mod regulat \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">obiceiul<\/span> norvegian al jur\u0103m\u00e2ntului Sonargoltr (jur\u0103m\u00e2nt pe mistre\u021bul de Yule) s-a p\u0103strat \u00een fragmente.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>\u00cen romantismul nordic, Freyr a fost preluat de Adam \u00d6hlenschl\u00e4ger \u0219i Esaias Tegner, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd \u00eens\u0103 \u00een umbra lui Thor \u0219i Odin. Richard Wagner nu l-a inclus \u00een &#8222;Inelul Nibelungilor&#8221;. \u00cen secolul al XX-lea, Freyr a c\u00e2\u0219tigat importan\u021b\u0103 \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021ba comparat\u0103 a religiilor<\/span>, mai ales prin &#8222;Diser, nornor, valkyrjor&#8221; (1954) al lui Folke Strom \u0219i eseurile lui Edgar Polome.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b78832 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b78832\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bee288 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8bee288\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd0797c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd0797c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Freyr reprezint\u0103 principala expresie nordic\u0103 a celei de-a treia func\u021bii indo-europene (fertilitate, economie, prosperitate) conform clasific\u0103rii lui Georges Dumezil. Aceast\u0103 \u00eencadrare este \u00een mare parte necontestat\u0103 \u00een cercetare. Func\u021biile lui Freyr corespund tipologic celticului Cernunnos, indianului Vasus \u0219i unei p\u0103r\u021bi din tradi\u021bia greac\u0103 Demeter-Persephone.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Leg\u0103tura str\u00e2ns\u0103 dintre Freyr \u0219i dinastia suedez\u0103 istoric\u0103 a Ynglingarilor este remarcabil\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor. Folke Strom a ar\u0103tat \u00een &#8222;Sveriges hedna nutid&#8221; (1961) c\u0103 aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 se \u00eentemeiaz\u0103 probabil pe o veche idee de regalitate sacral\u0103, \u00een care regele era considerat \u00eentruchiparea fertilit\u0103\u021bii p\u0103m\u00e2ntului.<\/span><\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 teorie a regalit\u0103\u021bii sacrale este controversat\u0103 \u00een cercetare, dar cazul Ynglingarilor este unul dintre exemplele sale cele mai puternice.<\/p>\n<p>Reprezentarea falic\u0103 a lui Freyr la Uppsala \u0219i \u00een statuetele de la Rallinge se \u00eenscrie \u00een imaginea unui zeu al fertilit\u0103\u021bii al c\u0103rui <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ansamblul actelor de venerare religioas\u0103 adresate unei divinit\u0103\u021bi sau unei figuri sacre.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> plaseaz\u0103 \u00een centru for\u021ba procreativ\u0103 masculin\u0103.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Comparabile sunt reprezent\u0103rile lui Hermes \u00een Grecia \u0219i ale lui Priapus la Roma. Mircea Eliade a clasificat \u00een &#8222;Patterns in Comparative Religion&#8221; (1958) falusul ca simbol universal al fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i l-a plasat pe Freyr \u00een acest \u0219ir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Reprezentarea falic\u0103 a lui Freyr la Uppsala \u0219i \u00een statuetele de la Rallinge se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai clare dovezi iconografice ale unei divinit\u0103\u021bi a fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een istoria religiei germanice. Adam din Bremen descrie imaginea de la Uppsala cu o directe\u021be neobi\u0219nuit\u0103: &#8222;cum ingenti priapo&#8221; (cu un falus uria\u0219). Statueta de bronz de la Rallinge (S\u00f6dermanland, Suedia, secolele X-XI, ast\u0103zi la Statens Historiska Museum din Stockholm) \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 un b\u0103rbat a\u0219ezat, b\u0103rbos, cu un organ erect clar vizibil \u0219i un coif ascu\u021bit.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Aceast\u0103 directe\u021be iconografic\u0103 a condus de mai multe ori \u00een cercetare la discu\u021bii despre practica cultic\u0103. Folke Strom a sus\u021binut \u00een &#8222;Sveriges hedna nutid&#8221; (1961) teza c\u0103 ritualul de fertilitate al lui Freyr con\u021binea componente sexuale reale, de pild\u0103 c\u0103s\u0103torii rituale sau uniuni simbolice.<\/span><\/p><p>Adam din Bremen men\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een descrierea sa a templului din Uppsala c\u00e2ntece la ceremoniile de jertf\u0103, pe care le consider\u0103 indecente. Aceste indicii sugereaz\u0103 o dimensiune extatic-corporal\u0103 a vener\u0103rii lui Freyr, care s-a pierdut \u00een mare parte \u00een secolul al XIII-lea, marcat de cre\u0219tinism.<\/p>\n<p>Cercetarea ultimelor decenii, mai ales prin investiga\u021biile arheologice de la Uppsala (Else R\u00f6sdahl, Anders Andren) \u0219i lucr\u0103rile de fenomenologie a religiei ale lui Jens Peter Schjodt, a nuan\u021bat imaginea lui Freyr.<\/p><p>El nu este doar zeul \u021b\u0103ranilor, ci \u0219i zeul regal al Ynglingarilor, nu doar amant, ci \u0219i \u00eentruchipare politic\u0103 a dinastiei suedeze. Aceast\u0103 complexitate \u00eel face una dintre figurile divine cele mai stratificate din istoria religiei nordice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a05cd52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a05cd52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b78b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85b78b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103 suplimentar\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8542dba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8542dba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Surse primare: &#8222;Edda \u00een proz\u0103&#8221; (Snorri Sturluson, Gylfaginning 24, parafraza Skirnismal \u00een Skaldskaparmal), &#8222;Edda poetic\u0103&#8221; (&#8222;Skirnismal&#8221;, &#8222;Grimnismal&#8221;, &#8222;Lokasenna&#8221;, &#8222;Voluspa&#8221;), &#8222;Ynglinga saga&#8221; \u0219i &#8222;Ynglingatal&#8221;, &#8222;Hrafnkels saga Freysgoda&#8221;, &#8222;Gesta Hammaburgensis&#8221; (Adam din Bremen, circa 1075), &#8222;Flateyjarbok&#8221; (sf\u00e2r\u0219itul sec. al XIV-lea). Texte scaldice la Finnur Jonsson &#8222;Den norsk-islandske Skjaldedigtning&#8221; (1912-15).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Literatur\u0103 secundar\u0103:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Jan de Vries &#8222;Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte&#8221; (1956\/57).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Folke Strom &#8222;Nordisk hedendom&#8221; (ed. a 2-a, 1985) \u0219i &#8222;Sveriges hedna nutid&#8221; (1961).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Edgar Polome &#8222;Essays on Germanic Religion&#8221; (1989).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Anatoly Liberman &#8222;In Prayer and Laughter&#8221; (2016, despre Skirnismal).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Magnus Olsen &#8222;Hedenske kultminder&#8221; (1915).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ursula Dronke &#8222;Edda&#8221; vol. 2 (1997, comentariu Skirnismal).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"\/ro\/literatur\/\">lista bibliografic\u0103<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freyr, zeul vanir al fertilit\u0103\u021bii Freyr este un zeu vanir al fertilit\u0103\u021bii, p\u0103cii \u0219i bel\u0219ugului recoltei, care se bucur\u0103 de mare prestigiu \u00een tradi\u021bia nordic\u0103. Freyr (sau Frey) este unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi zei din panteonul germanic. Provine din neamul vanilor, a venit ca ostatic la Asgard dup\u0103 R\u0103zboiul Vanilor \u0219i este considerat zeul [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3219,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Freyr","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Freyr - zeul vanir al fertilit\u0103\u021bii | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Freyr este zeul germano-nordic al fertilit\u0103\u021bii, p\u0103cii \u0219i soarelui. 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