{"id":104756,"date":"2026-08-04T12:24:29","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:24:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/white-buffalo-calf-woman-femeia-sacra-a-lakotilor\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T12:24:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:24:54","slug":"white-buffalo-calf-woman","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/white-buffalo-calf-woman\/","title":{"rendered":"White Buffalo Calf Woman &#8211; Femeia Sacr\u0103 a Lako\u021bilor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"104756\" class=\"elementor elementor-104756 elementor-2585\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">White Buffalo Calf Woman, fondatoarea sacr\u0103 a celor \u0219apte rituri Lakota<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>White Buffalo Calf Woman (\u00een lakot\u0103 <em>Pte Skan Win<\/em> sau <em>Ptesan Win<\/em>) este, \u00een tradi\u021bia Lakota, femeia sacr\u0103 care, la porunca lui <a href=\"\/ro\/wakan-tanka\/\">Wakan Tanka<\/a>, a adus pipa sf\u00e2nt\u0103 <em>chanunpa<\/em> \u0219i cele \u0219apte rituri sfinte \u00een lumea Lakota. Ea se num\u0103r\u0103 printre figurile centrale ale istoriei religiilor indigene nord-americane. White Buffalo Calf Woman este considerat\u0103 fondatoarea celor \u0219apte rituri sacre Lakota \u0219i una dintre figurile centrale ale istoriei religiilor indigene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Spirit ajut\u0103tor al tradi\u021biei Native American.\">Spirit ajut\u0103tor<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-indigene-nord-americane\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei Native American.\">Native American<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fondatoare sacr\u0103.\">Fondatoare sacr\u0103<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-whitebuffa-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-whitebuffa-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-whitebuffa-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_white-buffalo-calf-woman-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2702\" alt=\"White Buffalo Calf Woman - Geister aus der Native-american-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_white-buffalo-calf-woman-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_white-buffalo-calf-woman-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_white-buffalo-calf-woman-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_native-american_white-buffalo-calf-woman.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-white-buffalo-calf-woman elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-white-buffalo-calf-woman\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-white-buffalo-calf-woman\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-white-buffalo-calf-woman\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-white-buffalo-calf-woman elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-white-buffalo-calf-woman\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>White Buffalo Calf Woman este considerat\u0103 <strong>sf\u00e2nta Lakota<\/strong> care a adus na\u021biunii Lakota pipa sf\u00e2nt\u0103 \u0219i cele \u0219apte rituri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u00een religia Lakota<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>White Buffalo Calf Woman este figura fondatoare central\u0103 a religiei Lakota. Ea nu este ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i o divinitate suprem\u0103 precum Wakan Tanka, ci o mediatoare numinoas\u0103 care a ap\u0103rut \u00een timpul mitologic (acum aproximativ 1500-1600 de ani, dup\u0103 cronologia tradi\u021bional\u0103 Lakota), pentru a-i \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba pe lako\u021bi practicile religioase care le-au determinat identitatea de atunci \u00eencoace.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, ea apar\u021bine clasei <em>eroilor culturali<\/em> sau <em>fondatorilor de religii<\/em>. Compara\u021bii structurale pot fi f\u0103cute cu figura mesoamerican\u0103 Quetzalcoatl, cu tradi\u021bia mongol\u0103 Aerguene-Boegele, cu figura fondatoare a \u0218arpelui Curcubeu din tradi\u021bia australian\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een paralele structurale discrete, cu Maria din tradi\u021bia cre\u0219tin-oriental\u0103. Aceste compara\u021bii trebuie citite cu pruden\u021b\u0103: White Buffalo Calf Woman este o figur\u0103 genuin\u0103 lako\u021b\u0103 \u0219i nu trebuie for\u021bat\u0103 \u00een categorii religioase str\u0103ine.<\/p><p>Istoria ei fondatoare este nara\u021biunea sacr\u0103 central\u0103 a lako\u021bilor \u0219i este repovestit\u0103 \u00een aproape fiecare sesiune a colibei de transpira\u021bie Inipi. Joseph Epes Brown a documentat-o sistematic \u00een <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em> (1953), pe baza m\u0103rturiilor lui Black Elk.<\/p><p>Nara\u021biunea se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o str\u00e2ns\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu fondarea pipei sacre <em>chanunpa<\/em>, a c\u0103rei custodie vie p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent (\u00een prezent, la cea de-a 19-a genera\u021bie, Arvol Looking Horse) traseaz\u0103 o linie continu\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la prima \u00eent\u00e2lnire.<\/p><p>O important\u0103 diferen\u021biere teologic\u0103 prive\u0219te raportul dintre White Buffalo Calf Woman \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> bizonului la indienii de pe C\u00e2mpii, \u00een sens mai larg. La cheyenne, crow, pawnee \u0219i alte popoare de pe C\u00e2mpii exist\u0103 nara\u021biuni fondatoare similare cu o Femeie-Bizon, dar cu detalii proprii.<\/p><p>Etnoloaga religioas\u0103 Pekka Hamalainen a ar\u0103tat \u00een <em>The Lakota Nation<\/em> (2019) c\u00e2t de str\u00e2ns erau legate economia, identitatea \u0219i religia lako\u021bilor de bizon. Exterminarea turmelor de bizoni de c\u0103tre guvernul american \u00een secolul al XIX-lea a reprezentat, prin urmare, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 o catastrof\u0103 economic\u0103, \u0219i una religioas\u0103-spiritual\u0103, la care religia lako\u021bilor de ast\u0103zi continu\u0103 s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i semnifica\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numele lakot\u0103 <em>Pte Skan Win<\/em> este compus din <em>pte<\/em> (bizon, bizoni\u021ba) \u0219i <em>skan win<\/em> (femeie \u00een mi\u0219care, femeie mobil\u0103). Traducerea direct\u0103 ar fi, prin urmare, <em>Femeia Bizon Mobil\u0103<\/em>. Denumirea popular\u0103 \u00een englez\u0103 <em>White Buffalo Calf Woman<\/em> este o simplificare conven\u021bional\u0103, care pune \u00een centru manifestarea ei ca vi\u021bel de bizon alb la \u00eenceputul nara\u021biunii fondatoare.<\/p><p>Traducerea etnologic\u0103 exact\u0103 <em>Buffalo Calf Pipe Woman<\/em> sau <em>White Buffalo Calf Woman<\/em> este uzual\u0103 \u00een surse \u00eenc\u0103 din secolul al XIX-lea.<\/p><p>Antropologul lakot\u0103 Severt Young Bear a atras aten\u021bia, \u00een memoriile sale <em>Standing in the Light<\/em> (1994), asupra semnifica\u021biei termenului <em>mobil\u0103<\/em>: <em>Skan<\/em> este unul dintre aspectele wakan cele mai \u00eenalte (cel care mi\u0219c\u0103 cosmic, energia vie\u021bii), iar leg\u0103tura sa cu bizoni\u021ba feminin o face personificarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii vitale a conexiunii bizon-om.<\/p><p>\u00cen tradi\u021bia sioux mai larg\u0103 exist\u0103 echivalente regionale: la dakota din Minnesota exist\u0103 o figur\u0103 fondatoare feminin\u0103 comparabil\u0103 sub un nume similar; la yankton-sioux \u0219i assiniboine, detaliile narative difer\u0103, dar func\u021bia fondatoare structural\u0103 este aceea\u0219i. Aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie pan-sioux a fost descris\u0103 sistematic de Raymond DeMallie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>White Buffalo Calf Woman este descris\u0103 \u00een nara\u021biunea fondatoare sub mai multe \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219\u0103ri. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i apare \u00een fa\u021ba a doi r\u0103zboinici lako\u021bi ca o femeie de o frumuse\u021be deosebit\u0103, \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00eentr-o rochie alb\u0103 din piele de bizon, plutind deasupra preeriei.<\/p><p>Unul dintre r\u0103zboinici se apropie de ea cu inten\u021bii necinstite \u0219i este imediat transformat \u00eentr-o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de oase; cel\u0103lalt r\u0103m\u00e2ne respectuos \u0219i este \u00eendrumat s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 \u00een tab\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 vesteasc\u0103 sosirea femeii sacre.<\/p><p>\u00cen tab\u0103r\u0103 apare apoi ca o femeie des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103, cu p\u0103r negru lung, rochie alb\u0103 din piele de bizon cu motive pictate cu m\u0103iestrie, o mic\u0103 pip\u0103 sf\u00e2nt\u0103 pe spate \u0219i un pachet misterios \u00een m\u00e2ini.<\/p><p>La \u00eencheierea instruc\u021biunilor fondatoare, la plecarea din tab\u0103r\u0103 se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-un vi\u021bel de bizon alb, care se succede \u00een mai multe culori: negru, maro, ro\u0219u, alb. Aceste patru culori corespund culorilor celor Patru Direc\u021bii din <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Reprezentarea structurii \u0219i a ordinii lumii \u00een cadrul unei culturi.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span> lako\u021bilor \u0219i simbolizeaz\u0103 cele patru genera\u021bii \u00een care va tr\u0103i poporul Lakota.<\/p><p>\u00cen arta plastic\u0103 lako\u021b\u0103 modern\u0103, de exemplu \u00een operele lui Oscar Howe (1915-1983), White Buffalo Calf Woman este un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> recurent. Ea este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 de obicei ca o femeie demn\u0103 \u00een ve\u0219m\u00e2nt alb, adesea cu pipa sf\u00e2nt\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2ini, uneori cu un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O entitate necorporal\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie efecte \u00een lume.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirit<\/span> de vi\u021bel de bizon alb al\u0103turi.<\/p><p>Arti\u0219tii lako\u021bi contemporani Donald Montileaux \u0219i Arthur Amiotte au reprezentat-o \u00een mod repetat \u00een operele lor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biunea fondatoare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nara\u021biunea fondatoare central\u0103, transmis\u0103 prin Black Elk \u0219i Joseph Epes Brown, \u00eencepe cu o perioad\u0103 de mare suferin\u021b\u0103 \u00een poporul Lakota. Turmele de bizoni au disp\u0103rut, oamenii fl\u0103m\u00e2nzesc, r\u0103zboinicii se ceart\u0103 \u00eentre ei. \u00cen aceast\u0103 criz\u0103, Wakan Tanka o trimite pe White Buffalo Calf Woman pentru a le da lako\u021bilor cunoa\u0219terea religioas\u0103 care \u00eei va face din nou capabili s\u0103 supravie\u021buiasc\u0103 \u00een mod colectiv.<\/p><p>Dup\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnirea cu cei doi r\u0103zboinici (cea negativ\u0103 cu primul, cea respectuoas\u0103 cu cel de-al doilea) \u0219i sosirea ei \u00een tab\u0103r\u0103, White Buffalo Calf Woman s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219e\u0219te actele fondatoare centrale \u00een fa\u021ba poporului Lakota adunat.<\/p><p>Ea despacheteaz\u0103 pachetul misterios \u0219i dezv\u0103luie pipa sf\u00e2nt\u0103 <em>chanunpa<\/em>. Arat\u0103 adun\u0103rii cum se asambleaz\u0103 pipa (m\u00e2nerul din lemn reprezint\u0103 masculinul, capul ro\u0219u din piatr\u0103 de catlinit reprezint\u0103 femininul), cum se umple cu tutun (cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocarea<\/span> celor Patru V\u00e2nturi) \u0219i cum se fumeaz\u0103 pipa (cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocarea<\/span> lui Wakan Tanka).<\/p><p>Apoi \u00eei \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 primele rituri, conform unor surse toate cele \u0219apte rituri sacre \u00een form\u0103 sumar\u0103, conform altor surse mai ales <em>Inipi<\/em> (coliba de transpira\u021bie) \u0219i <em>Hanblechiyapi<\/em> (c\u0103utarea viziunii), \u00een timp ce celelalte rituri au fost revelate ulterior unor vindec\u0103tori lako\u021bi individuali prin viziuni.<\/p><p>\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, ea p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te tab\u0103ra \u0219i se transform\u0103 \u00een vi\u021belul de bizon cu patru culori. Odat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia ei, turmele de bizoni se \u00eentorc \u0219i poporul Lakota este salvat.<\/p><p>O component\u0103 important\u0103 a nara\u021biunii fondatoare este \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tura White Buffalo Calf Woman despre ordinea cosmic\u0103.<\/p><p>Ea nu \u00eei \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 pe lako\u021bi doar forma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 fixat\u0103 \u0219i recurent\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritului<\/span>, ci \u0219i semnifica\u021bia sa simbolic\u0103: pipa leag\u0103 cerul de p\u0103m\u00e2nt, fumul de tutun este forma vizibil\u0103 a rug\u0103ciunii care se \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 spre Wakan Tanka, Cele Patru V\u00e2nturi reprezint\u0103 structur\u0103rile cosmologice ale lumii.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 profunzime simbolic\u0103 \u0219i filosofic\u0103 a \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turii fondatoare a fost descris\u0103 pe larg de Joseph Epes Brown \u00een <em>The Spiritual Legacy of the American Indian<\/em> (1982) \u0219i distinge religia Lakota de o tradi\u021bie pur <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 fixat\u0103 \u0219i recurent\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual\u0103<\/span>-practic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pipa sf\u00e2nt\u0103 (chanunpa)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pipa White Buffalo Calf Woman, <em>chanunpa wakan<\/em>, este p\u0103strat\u0103 de o linie ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 de custozi din timpul mitologic al fond\u0103rii. Actuala a 19-a genera\u021bie de custozi este reprezentat\u0103 de Arvol Looking Horse, care p\u0103streaz\u0103 pipa \u00een rezerva\u021bia Cheyenne River din Dakota de Sud.<\/p><p>Linia numerabil\u0103 a custodienilor se \u00eentoarce astfel p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XV-lea sau \u00eenceputul secolului al XVI-lea \u0219i constituie unul dintre cele mai cunoscute exemple de tradi\u021bie religioas\u0103 ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 la indienii nord-americani.<\/p><p>Pipa \u00een sine este format\u0103 din dou\u0103 piese principale: un m\u00e2ner din lemn ro\u0219u \u0219i un cap din piatr\u0103 ro\u0219ie de <em>catlinit<\/em> (numit\u0103 \u0219i <em>pipestone<\/em>), extras\u0103 exclusiv din cariera Pipestone din sud-vestul statului Minnesota.<\/p><p>Acolo se afl\u0103 cariera de piatr\u0103 sacr\u0103, despre care se spune c\u0103 este vopsit\u0103 din timpuri mitologice cu s\u00e2ngele bizonilor \u0219i de unde toate grupurile tribale sioux extrag capetele pipelor lor rituale.<\/p><p>Fumatul pipei este un act ritual strict prescris. Vindec\u0103torul umple capul pipei cu tutun (un amestec din tutun, pulbere de scoar\u021b\u0103 uscat\u0103 de salcie \u0219i floco\u0219el, <em>kinnikinnick<\/em>) invoc\u00e2nd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoc\u00e2nd<\/span> Cele Patru V\u00e2nturi, Cerul \u0219i P\u0103m\u00e2ntul, precum \u0219i spiritele str\u0103mo\u0219ilor.<\/p><p>La fumat, pipa este \u00eendreptat\u0103 spre toate cele Patru Puncte Cardinale, spre soare \u0219i spre p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Joseph Epes Brown a documentat minu\u021bios <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune religioas\u0103 fixat\u0103 \u0219i recurent\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritul<\/span> \u00een <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em>.<\/p><p>Cariera Pipestone din Minnesota este protejat\u0103 federal din 1937 ca <em>Pipestone National Monument<\/em>. Numai membrii triburilor indigene recunoscute au voie s\u0103 extrag\u0103 piatra sf\u00e2nt\u0103; aceasta se face prin munc\u0103 tradi\u021bional\u0103 manual\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 unelte mecanice.<\/p><p>Piatra, un \u0219ist argilos ro\u0219u de duritate medie, este extras\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin 3000 de ani de diverse popoare de indieni de pe C\u00e2mpii \u0219i din p\u0103duri \u0219i este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 pe larg \u00een complexele arheologice din toat\u0103 America de Nord. Cariera actual\u0103 \u0219i semnifica\u021bia sa ritual\u0103 au fost descrise sistematic de antropologa indian\u0103 Sigrid Khera \u0219i de custodele de la Pipestone, Hank Crowe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie \u0219i ac\u021biune apotropaic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Practica de protec\u021bie \u00een raport cu White Buffalo Calf Woman este str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span> chanunpa. Prezen\u021ba ei numinoas\u0103 este actualizat\u0103 \u00een fiecare ceremonie a pipei Lakota; fumatul pipei nu este, prin urmare, doar o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea lingvistic\u0103 a omului c\u0103tre o divinitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">rug\u0103ciune<\/span> c\u0103tre Wakan Tanka, ci \u0219i o \u00eent\u00e2lnire cu femeia sacr\u0103 care a d\u0103ruit pipa.<\/p><p>Practicile concrete de protec\u021bie includ purtarea unor replici mici ale pipei (sau, la practican\u021bii moderni, a unor pandantive \u00een form\u0103 de pip\u0103) ca amulet\u0103 de protec\u021bie, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocarea<\/span> Femeii-Bizon la na\u0219teri \u0219i boli ale femeilor, precum \u0219i utilizarea ritual\u0103 a unor buc\u0103\u021bi de piele de bizon alb sau a unor smocuri de p\u0103r de bizon alb ca obiecte de protec\u021bie.<\/p><p>Aceasta din urm\u0103 este deosebit de semnificativ\u0103, deoarece bizonii albi sunt extrem de rari \u00een natur\u0103 (aproximativ 1 din 10 milioane) \u0219i apari\u021bia lor din anii 1990 \u00eencoace este interpretat\u0103 ca semn al profeticei \u00eentoarceri a femeii sacre.<\/p><p>Na\u0219terea unui vi\u021bel de bizon alb \u00een 1994 \u00een Wisconsin (Miracle, primul din memoria vie) a primit o puternic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 profetic\u0103 \u00een comunit\u0103\u021bile lako\u021bilor \u0219i ale altor indieni de pe C\u00e2mpii. Alte c\u00e2teva na\u0219teri de bizoni albi \u00een deceniile urm\u0103toare, 2006, 2011, 2012, au fost de asemenea interpretate ca semne profetice \u0219i sunt asimilate \u00een religiozitatea lako\u021b\u0103 modern\u0103 ca confirmare a tradi\u021biei fondatoare.<\/p><p>O component\u0103 remarcabil\u0103 a practicii moderne este leg\u0103tura dintre White Buffalo Calf Woman \u0219i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trecere ritual\u0103 prin care cineva este primit \u00eentr-un nou statut sau \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">ini\u021bierea<\/span> feminin\u0103. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritualul<\/span> <em>Ishna Ta Awi Cha Lowan<\/em> pentru prima menstrua\u021bie a unei tinere femei este o fondare direct\u0103 a femeii sacre \u0219i este celebrat \u00een fiecare comunitate din rezerva\u021biile lako\u021bilor printr-o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O ac\u021biune solemn\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 dup\u0103 reguli fixe.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremonie<\/span> proprie solemn\u0103.<\/p><p>T\u00e2n\u0103ra ini\u021biat\u0103 este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unui ritual religios fixat.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> \u00eenvelit\u0103 \u00eentr-o p\u00e2nz\u0103 de bizon, care simbolizeaz\u0103 leg\u0103tura cu Femeia-Bizon. Aceast\u0103 practic\u0103 a cunoscut o important\u0103 rena\u0219tere \u00een secolul al XX-lea \u0219i a fost descris\u0103 pe larg de teologa lako\u021b\u0103 Doris Leader Charge.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>White Buffalo Calf Woman este o figur\u0103 religioas\u0103 neobi\u0219nuit\u0103, recunoscut\u0103 relativ t\u00e2rziu \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0218tiin\u021ba care cerceteaz\u0103 religiile \u00een mod comparativ \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 adeziune confesional\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219tiin\u021ba comparat\u0103 a religiilor<\/span>, deoarece nu corespunde clar nici reprezent\u0103rilor europene despre o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O fiin\u021b\u0103 venerat\u0103 ca divin\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">divinitate<\/span>, nici celor despre un fondator uman (Buddha, Iisus, Mahomed). Ea este mai degrab\u0103 o figur\u0103 mediatoare intermediar\u0103, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la porunca unei puteri superioare.<\/p><p>Structural comparabil\u0103 \u00een Mediterana clasic\u0103 este tradi\u021bia greco-eleusinian\u0103 a Demetrei-Persefonei, \u00een care o figur\u0103 feminin\u0103 numinoas\u0103 aduce de asemenea fondarea celor mai importante mistere religioase (Misterele Eleusine). \u00cen interiorul Americii, White Buffalo Calf Woman prezint\u0103 puternice similitudini structurale cu <a href=\"\/ro\/changing-woman\/\">Changing Woman<\/a> navajo \u0219i cu sincretismul mesoamerican Tonantzin-Maria \u00een cultul Guadalupe.<\/p><p>Figura fondatoare feminin\u0103 este prezent\u0103 \u00een multe tradi\u021bii indigene din America de Nord: la cherokee este femeia <em>Selu<\/em>, la iroquois este <em>Sky Woman<\/em>, la anishinabe este bunica <em>Nokomis<\/em>.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 constela\u021bie pan-american\u0103 a figurilor fondatoare feminine a fost descris\u0103 sistematic de etnologa religioas\u0103 Joan Halifax \u00een <em>Shaman: The Wounded Healer<\/em> (1982) \u0219i de teologa indigen\u0103 Kathleen Dugan \u00een mai multe lucr\u0103ri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare actual\u0103 \u0219i cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>White Buffalo Calf Woman este ast\u0103zi cea mai important\u0103 figur\u0103 a religiei Lakota \u00een percep\u021bia popular\u0103. Vizibilitatea cresc\u00e2nd\u0103 a religiei Lakota dup\u0103 <em>American Indian Religious Freedom Act<\/em> (1978), na\u0219terile de vi\u021bei de bizon alb din anii 1990 \u0219i 2000 \u0219i implicarea diplomatic\u0103 a lui Arvol Looking Horse au adus-o \u00een aten\u021bia larg\u0103 a publicului.<\/p><p>Problematic\u0103 este tendin\u021ba cresc\u00e2nd\u0103 de apropriere spiritual\u0103 din partea grupurilor New Age occidentale. Consiliul b\u0103tr\u00e2nilor lako\u021bi a protestat oficial \u00een 1993, prin <em>Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality<\/em>, \u00eempotriva r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii comerciale a riturilor Lakota de c\u0103tre practican\u021bi non-indigeni. Aceast\u0103 pozi\u021bie a fost sus\u021binut\u0103 ulterior de Vine Deloria Jr., George Tinker \u0219i Lyla June Johnston.<\/p><p>Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, White Buffalo Calf Woman este un exemplu important al unei tradi\u021bii fondatoare indigene vii, care nu este \u00eenghe\u021bat\u0103 \u00eentr-un orizont mitologic \u00eendep\u0103rtat al trecutului, ci ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent prin linia ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 a custodienilor chanunpa.<\/p><p>Linia custodienilor se \u00eentoarce prin 19 genera\u021bii p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een timpul mitologic al fond\u0103rii \u0219i constituie unul dintre cele mai impresionante exemple de tradi\u021bie religioas\u0103 continu\u0103 din America. Referin\u021ba iWell Guard la tradi\u021bia Lakota este explicit de observare religioas\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 promisiuni de eficacitate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i literatur\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Selec\u021bia de mai jos listeaz\u0103 lucr\u0103ri centrale despre religia Lakota \u0219i cercetarea indianistic\u0103 nord-american\u0103 referitoare la complexul White Buffalo Calf Woman.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp217e7241 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp217e7241\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a28a214 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2a28a214\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradi\u021bia pred\u0103rii pipei sfinte<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29e5d323 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp29e5d323\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp235e94c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp235e94c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nara\u021biunea central\u0103 despre figura cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de White Buffalo Calf Woman, \u00een lakot\u0103 <em>Pte San Win<\/em>, relateaz\u0103 predarea pipei sfinte lako\u021bilor. Conform versiunii r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite, o femeie apare \u00een fa\u021ba a doi v\u00e2n\u0103tori.<\/p><p>Unul dintre ei o \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 cu inten\u021bii necinstite \u0219i moare \u00een urma acesteia, cel\u0103lalt se comport\u0103 respectuos \u0219i este \u00eendrumat s\u0103 preg\u0103teasc\u0103 tab\u0103ra pentru vizita ei.<\/p><p>Femeia aduce comunit\u0103\u021bii pipa \u0219i o instruie\u0219te \u00een folosirea ei, precum \u0219i \u00een ceremonii. La plecare, ea se transform\u0103 \u0219i dispare, \u00een multe versiuni ca un vi\u021bel de bizon alb.<\/p><p>Nara\u021biunea este legat\u0103 de originea transmis\u0103 a celor \u0219apte rituri ale lako\u021bilor, pe care specialistul religios Black Elk le-a expus \u00een culegerea publicat\u0103 de Joseph Epes Brown \u00een 1953, <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em>.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 publica\u021bie este una dintre sursele cele mai influente, dar trebuie citit\u0103 \u0219i critic, deoarece este rezultatul colabor\u0103rii dintre un b\u0103tr\u00e2n specialist lakot\u0103 \u0219i un editor non-indigen \u0219i a ap\u0103rut \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 faz\u0103 a istoriei religiei Lakota.<\/p><p>Pentru lako\u021bi, nara\u021biunea nu este un simplu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>, ci fundamentul unei ordini religioase practicate p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. Exist\u0103 un obiect material, considerat pipa original\u0103 sau una str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de aceasta, p\u0103strat de un custode tradi\u021bional al c\u0103rui oficiu este transmis de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.<\/p><p>Cercetarea consemneaz\u0103 c\u0103 nara\u021biunea este povestit\u0103 cu variante \u00een diferite grupuri Lakota \u0219i c\u0103 redarea ei public\u0103 este privit\u0103 de mul\u021bi lako\u021bi ca un subiect delicat. O prezentare serioas\u0103 se limiteaz\u0103, prin urmare, la fondul esen\u021bial \u0219i evit\u0103 s\u0103 expun\u0103 detaliile riturilor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f0481ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2f0481ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27434cc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27434cc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Na\u0219terea vi\u021beilor de bizon alb \u0219i semnifica\u021bia lor actual\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d313997 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2d313997\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ab47d9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ab47d9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un punct de referin\u021b\u0103 care men\u021bine vie figura White Buffalo Calf Woman p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent este na\u0219terea rar\u0103 a vi\u021beilor de bizon alb. Deoarece, conform <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021biei<\/span>, femeia a ap\u0103rut \u0219i a disp\u0103rut \u00een chipul unui vi\u021bel de bizon alb, na\u0219terea unui astfel de animal este considerat\u0103 de mul\u021bi lako\u021bi \u0219i de alte grupuri de pe C\u00e2mpiile de Nord drept un semn semnificativ.<\/p><p>Un caz mult comentat a fost na\u0219terea unui vi\u021bel de bizon alb pe o ferm\u0103 din Wisconsin \u00een 1994. Evenimentul a atras timp de mai mul\u021bi ani vizitatori din diverse comunit\u0103\u021bi indigene, care au adus ofrande \u0219i au s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it ceremonii.<\/p><p>Au mai fost semnala\u021bi de atunci \u0219i al\u021bi vi\u021bei albi, printre altele \u00een Parcul Na\u021bional Yellowstone. Cercetarea a descris astfel de evenimente ca exemple ale modului \u00een care o veche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bie<\/span> este actualizat\u0103 printr-un eveniment biologic \u0219i produce rezonan\u021b\u0103 religioas\u0103 \u00een prezent.<\/p><p>Interpret\u0103rile nu sunt uniforme. Unii \u00een\u021beleg na\u0219terea ca o amintire a obliga\u021biilor legate de pip\u0103, al\u021bii ca anun\u021bul unui timp al \u00eennoirii sau ca un avertisment. Unele voci tradi\u021bionale avertizeaz\u0103 totodat\u0103 \u00eempotriva comercializ\u0103rii unor astfel de evenimente \u0219i \u00eempotriva apropierii lor de cercuri ezoterice non-indigene.<\/p><p>Pentru cercetarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, concluzia este revelatoare, deoarece arat\u0103 c\u0103 figura White Buffalo Calf Woman nu se odihne\u0219te \u00eentr-un timp mitic \u00eencheiat, ci poate fi conectat\u0103 la evenimente concrete, databile din prezent \u0219i devine astfel un punct de referin\u021b\u0103 al autodefinirii indigene actuale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Joseph Epes Brown: <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em> (1953)<\/li><li>John Neihardt: <em>Black Elk Speaks<\/em> (1932)<\/li><li>Severt Young Bear: <em>Standing in the Light<\/em> (1994)<\/li><li>Arvol Looking Horse: <em>White Buffalo Teachings<\/em> (2000)<\/li><li>Raymond DeMallie: <em>The Sixth Grandfather<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Vine Deloria Jr.: <em>The World We Used to Live In<\/em> (2006)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: White Buffalo Calf Woman, Ptesan Win, Chanunpa, Pipestone, Catlinit, Looking Horse.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-white-buffalo-calf-woman\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0219i tradi\u021bii de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/zeitati-indigene-nord-americane\/\">Native American<\/a> \u0219i a multor alte culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-whitebuffa-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-whitebuffa-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te tratamentul medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>White Buffalo Calf Woman, fondatoarea sacr\u0103 a celor \u0219apte rituri Lakota White Buffalo Calf Woman (\u00een lakot\u0103 Pte Skan Win sau Ptesan Win) este, \u00een tradi\u021bia Lakota, femeia sacr\u0103 care, la porunca lui Wakan Tanka, a adus pipa sf\u00e2nt\u0103 chanunpa \u0219i cele \u0219apte rituri sfinte \u00een lumea Lakota. Ea se num\u0103r\u0103 printre figurile centrale ale [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2702,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"White Buffalo Calf Woman Lakota","_yoast_wpseo_title":"White Buffalo Calf Woman - Sf\u00e2nta Lakota","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"White Buffalo Calf Woman, femeia sacr\u0103 a lako\u021bilor, a adus pipa sf\u00e2nt\u0103 \u0219i cele \u0219apte rituri. \u00cencadrare din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-104756","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - 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