{"id":104674,"date":"2026-08-04T12:16:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/buga-zeul-suprem-al-evenk-ilor-tungusi\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T12:16:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:16:31","slug":"buga","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/buga\/","title":{"rendered":"Buga &#8211; zeul suprem al evenk-ilor (tungusi)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"104674\" class=\"elementor elementor-104674 elementor-2642\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga, zeul suprem \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nul universului la evenk-ii tungusi<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Buga este, \u00een sistemul religios al evenk-ilor \u0219i al altor popoare tunguse, totodat\u0103 zeu suprem, cer, univers \u0219i lume. El reprezint\u0103 integralitatea cosmic\u0103 \u00een care c\u0103l\u0103toriile \u0219amanilor, ordinea v\u00e2n\u0103torii \u0219i ciclul vie\u021bii \u00ee\u0219i g\u0103sesc locul. \u00cen mitul evenk-ilor \u0219i al altor popoare tunguse, Buga reune\u0219te cerul, universul \u0219i lumea \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 figur\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Creator al tradi\u021biei Siberia \/ Tengrism.\">Creator<\/span><a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mitologia tradi\u021biei Siberia \/ Tengrism.\">Siberia \/ Tengrism<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Divinitate suprem\u0103.\">Divinitate suprem\u0103<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103 nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" 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304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2862\" alt=\"Buga Tungus - G\u00f6tter aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Buga este considerat, \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistem religios \u00een care speciali\u0219ti comunic\u0103 cu lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanismul<\/span> popoarelor <strong>tungus-evenke<\/strong>, zeul suprem al lumii de sus \u0219i \u00eentemeietorul ordinii cosmice. <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitul<\/span><\/strong> lui Buga \u0219i sursele sunt deosebit de bine documentate \u00een c\u00e2ntecele evenke.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cencadrare \u0219i profil succint<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evenk-ii (numi\u021bi anterior tungusi) tr\u0103iesc \u00een Siberia de Est, \u00eentre Enisei \u0219i Pacific.<\/p><p>\u00cen religia lor, Buga (\u00een unele dialecte <em>Boga<\/em>, <em>Buya<\/em>, <em>Buwa<\/em>) este un termen care \u00eenseamn\u0103 totodat\u0103 \u201ecer&#8221;, \u201elume&#8221;, \u201eunivers&#8221; \u0219i \u201ezeu suprem&#8221; &#8211; o remarcabil\u0103 condensare lingvistic\u0103 analizat\u0103 pe larg de istoricul religiilor de formare iranistic\u0103 Sergei Shirokogoroff \u00een lucrarea sa clasic\u0103 <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935).<\/p><p>\u00cen cadrul <a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\">tradi\u021biei siberian-tengriste<\/a>, Buga reprezint\u0103 un strat foarte vechi, probabil altaico-paleosibirian; unii cercet\u0103tori (Anisimov) \u00eel consider\u0103 forma cea mai originar\u0103 din toate. Evenk-ii vorbesc o limb\u0103 tunguso-manciurian\u0103 \u0219i se situeaz\u0103 astfel, din punct de vedere lingvistic, \u00een afara lumii turco-mongole a lui Tengri &#8211; un caz-limit\u0103 interesant.<\/p><p>Buga este deosebit de valoros din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, deoarece Sergei Shirokogoroff a efectuat \u00een anii 1910 o cercetare de teren remarcabil de detaliat\u0103 printre evenk-ii de pe Amur; lucrarea sa reprezint\u0103 un reper al cercet\u0103rii \u0219amanismului \u0219i furnizeaz\u0103 unul dintre cele mai bogate corpusuri de material privind religia unui popor indigen din Siberia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denumire \u0219i etimologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cuv\u00e2ntul <em>buga<\/em> este tungus \u0219i nu poate fi clarificat etimologic \u00een mod univoc. Forme \u00eenrudite se reg\u0103sesc \u00een manciurian\u0103 (<em>bo\u03b3o<\/em>, \u201elume&#8221;) \u0219i \u00een unele dialecte ale limbii Ewen.<\/p><p>Observa\u021bia decisiv\u0103 din perspectiva istoriei religiilor este identitatea dintre cuv\u00e2nt \u0219i lucrul desemnat: Buga nu este o fiin\u021b\u0103 care locuie\u0219te \u00een cer, ci Buga <em>este<\/em> cerul \u0219i, totodat\u0103, lumea.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 condensare semantic\u0103 este deosebit de interesant\u0103 din punct de vedere fenomenologic-religios, deoarece reprezint\u0103 o etap\u0103 anterioar\u0103 separ\u0103rii numinosului de concret &#8211; o form\u0103 prealabil\u0103 a ceea ce va fi conceptualizat ulterior drept \u201ezeu suprem&#8221;. Shirokogoroff a dezvoltat aici o \u00eentreag\u0103 teorie a \u201efuziunii psihomenale&#8221;.<\/p><p>\u00cen tradi\u021bia manciurian\u0103, \u00eenrudit\u0103 lingvistic cu evenka, <em>bo\u03b3o<\/em> apare ulterior ca denumire specializat\u0103 pentru \u201elume&#8221;, f\u0103r\u0103 a p\u0103stra conota\u021bia de divinitate suprem\u0103. Aceast\u0103 specializare urmeaz\u0103 procesul de budizare a manciurienilor \u00een dinastia Qing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descriere \u0219i iconografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Asemenea lui <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a>, Buga nu are o form\u0103 iconografic\u0103 proprie. Tobele \u0219amanice ale evenk-ilor \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 cele trei niveluri ale lumii (superior, median, inferior) \u0219i un Arbore al Lumii care cre\u0219te prin toate trei; pe nivelul superior, Buga este uneori reprezentat ca un soare simbolic cu nimb radial.<\/p><p>Costumele \u0219amanice evenke din colec\u021biile Muzeului Rus de Etnografie (Sankt Petersburg) \u0219i ale Muzeului de Antropologie \u0219i Etnografie (MAE) prezint\u0103 pandantive de fier deosebit de elaborate, a c\u0103ror semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 a fost documentat\u0103 de Shirokogoroff \u00een lucrarea sa de referin\u021b\u0103. Buga \u00eensu\u0219i nu este reprezentat direct pe costume, dar este evocat prin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivul<\/span> discului solar de pe nivelul superior.<\/p><p>Concep\u021bia evenka despre Arborele Lumii este comparabil\u0103 tipologic cu <em>a\u015bvattha<\/em> vedic\u0103 \u0219i cu Yggdrasil nord-germanic, ceea ce Eliade a interpretat ca indiciu al unei experien\u021be universale a \u201eAxis Mundi&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nara\u021biuni mitologice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anisimov (1958) a documentat o nara\u021biune evenka a crea\u021biei \u00een care Buga roag\u0103 o ra\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 aduc\u0103 n\u0103mol din marea primordial\u0103 pentru a crea p\u0103m\u00e2ntul &#8211; un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un element tematic recurent \u00een art\u0103 sau nara\u021biune.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> clasic siberian al scufund\u0103rii, pe care \u00eel reg\u0103sim \u0219i la <a href=\"\/ro\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>.<\/p><p>\u00cen variantele evenke, ca rival sau frate apare adesea o divinitate a r\u0103ului (<em>Khargi<\/em>), care corespunde func\u021biei lui <a href=\"\/ro\/erlik-khan\/\">Erlik Han<\/a>.<\/p><p>O a doua nara\u021biune poveste\u0219te cum Buga trimite primii \u0219amani: el \u201edespic\u0103&#8221; un om \u0219i pune \u00eentr-una dintre jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi capacitatea de a vedea \u00een cealalt\u0103 lume. Aceast\u0103 nara\u021biune a despicare este, din perspectiv\u0103 religioas\u0103-antropologic\u0103, un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O nara\u021biune transmis\u0103 prin tradi\u021bie despre zei, origini \u0219i ordinea lumii.\" tabindex=\"0\">mit<\/span>-cheie pentru practica de ini\u021biere a \u0219amanilor evenki.<\/p><p>O a treia nara\u021biune descrie cum Buga \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 Arborele Lumii: un trunchi uria\u0219 de zad\u0103 ale c\u0103rui r\u0103d\u0103cini ajung \u00een lumea inferioar\u0103 a spiritelor Khargi \u0219i a c\u0103rui coroan\u0103 poart\u0103 discul solar. Pe acest arbore urc\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Specialist religios c\u0103ruia i se atribuie medierea \u00eentre oameni \u0219i lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanul<\/span> \u00een lumea superioar\u0103, adesea cu ajutorul unui simbol cal-tob\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cult \u0219i venerare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evenk-ii nu cunosc un cult templar, ci o practic\u0103 continu\u0103 a invoc\u0103rii: \u00eenainte de v\u00e2n\u0103toare, \u00eenainte de o c\u0103l\u0103torie lung\u0103, la focul de tab\u0103r\u0103, Buga este rostit; cu acest prilej se arunc\u0103 \u00een foc pu\u021bin tutun sau gr\u0103sime. \u0218amanii men\u021bin \u00een c\u00e2ntecele lor leg\u0103tura dintre Buga \u0219i cele trei niveluri ale lumii &#8211; ceea ce Eliade a descris ca exemplu-model al <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistem religios \u00een care speciali\u0219ti comunic\u0103 cu lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanismului<\/span> clasic.<\/p><p>Cunoa\u0219terea \u0219amanic\u0103 evenka era transmis\u0103 \u00een mod tradi\u021bional pe cale oral\u0103, adesea \u00een linie de la mam\u0103 la fiic\u0103 sau de la tat\u0103 la fiu. Represiunea sovietic\u0103 din anii 1930 a \u00eentrerupt profund aceste linii; G. M. Vasilevich a putut documenta \u00een <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969) c\u00e2\u021biva dintre ultimii practican\u021bi.<\/p><p>\u00cen practica actual\u0103, complexul Buga cunoa\u0219te o rena\u0219tere \u00een Regiunea Autonom\u0103 Evenka \u0219i \u00een unele a\u0219ez\u0103ri din Republica Saha. Tinerii practican\u021bi apeleaz\u0103 la \u00eensemn\u0103rile lui Shirokogoroff &#8211; un caz remarcabil \u00een care etnografia academic\u0103 occidental\u0103 devine surs\u0103 a unei reinven\u021bii religioase indigene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practici de protec\u021bie \u0219i apotropaic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Din perspectiv\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103: practicile apotropaice vizau \u00een special spiritele d\u0103un\u0103toare <em>Khargi<\/em> (adesea numite \u201estric\u0103ciunea Buga-Tungus&#8221;, deoarece erau percepute ca latura \u00eentunecat\u0103 a lui Buga): arderea unor anumite plante la focul de tab\u0103r\u0103, purtarea de mici pandantive din os, fixarea unor figuri sculptate de \u201epaznici&#8221; (<em>seven<\/em>) la r\u0103scruci de drumuri.<\/p><p>Figurile <em>seven<\/em> sunt unul dintre elementele cele mai caracteristice ale culturii materiale evenke. Sunt adesea mici p\u0103pu\u0219i sculptate \u00een lemn cu ochi incrusta\u021bi, fixate pe st\u00e2lpi de sus\u021binere, arbori sau praguri. Erau considerate \u201elocuin\u021ba&#8221; unor spirite-ajutor mai mici, care ac\u021bionau la ordinul \u0219amanului.<\/p><p>O practic\u0103 aparte este <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O succesiune reglementat\u0103 de ac\u021biuni simbolice cu semnifica\u021bie religioas\u0103 sau cultural\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualul<\/span> <em>chura<\/em>: \u00eenainte de a p\u0103trunde \u00eentr-un loc necunoscut, se arunc\u0103 un pumn de tutun sau o moned\u0103 mic\u0103 \u00een z\u0103pad\u0103 sau pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocarea<\/span> \u201eBuga, f\u0103-m\u0103 mic&#8221;. Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de polite\u021be fa\u021b\u0103 de univers este un tipar animist clasic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralele \u00een alte culturi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Concep\u021bia despre Buga este \u00eenrudit\u0103 cu <em>Num<\/em> altaico-siberian al samoyezilor \u0219i comparabil\u0103 tipologic cu <em>Tian<\/em> chinez &#8211; \u00een ambele cazuri, cerul \u0219i divinitatea suprem\u0103 se contopesc \u00eentr-un singur termen. Exist\u0103 paralele func\u021bionale cu termenii polinesieni <em>Mana<\/em>\/<em>Atua<\/em>, f\u0103r\u0103 a exista o leg\u0103tur\u0103 genetic\u0103.<\/p><p>Specificul evenk const\u0103 \u00een contopirea \u201euniversului&#8221; \u0219i a \u201ezeului suprem&#8221; \u00eentr-un singur cuv\u00e2nt, ceea ce dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te chiar vocabularul polisemic al lui Tengri. Din punct de vedere fenomenologic-religios, Buga reprezint\u0103 astfel un caz extrem de fuziune a numinosului cu concretul.<\/p><p>\u00cen compara\u021bie cu sudul siberian, Buga se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cel mai mult cu <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a> \u0219i mai pu\u021bin cu <a href=\"\/ro\/uelgen\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>, care a dob\u00e2ndit deja o figur\u0103 mai personalizat\u0103. Aceast\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 permite o ipotez\u0103 crono-stratigrafic\u0103: Buga reprezint\u0103 poate un strat mai vechi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Receptare actual\u0103 \u0219i cercetare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lucr\u0103ri clasice: Sergei Shirokogoroff: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935); A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958); Mircea Eliade a f\u0103cut din \u0219amanul tungus prototipul modelului s\u0103u de \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistem religios \u00een care speciali\u0219ti comunic\u0103 cu lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanism<\/span> clasic&#8221;. Roberte Hamayon \u0219i Andrei Znamenski au revizuit ulterior critic modelul, pled\u00e2nd pentru o luare \u00een considerare mai ampl\u0103 a categoriilor locale evenke.<\/p><p>G. M. Vasilevich, cercet\u0103toare sovietic\u0103, a publicat \u00een <em>Ewenki<\/em> (Leningrad 1969) cea mai cuprinz\u0103toare monografie sovietic\u0103 despre religia evenka. \u00cen pofida orient\u0103rii ei ideologice, r\u0103m\u00e2ne un corpus de material indispensabil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dezbateri de cercetare \u0219i \u00eentreb\u0103ri deschise<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trei \u00eentreb\u0103ri de cercetare marcheaz\u0103 dezbaterea despre Buga. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd: reprezint\u0103 Buga un strat pre-tengrist \u00een care \u201euniversul&#8221; \u0219i \u201ezeul suprem&#8221; nu erau \u00eenc\u0103 separate? Anisimov \u0219i Shirokogoroff pledeaz\u0103 pentru aceast\u0103 lectur\u0103; cercet\u0103tori ulteriori (Hamayon) prefer\u0103 o perspectiv\u0103 mai relativizatoare fa\u021b\u0103 de modele.<\/p><p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd: cum se raporteaz\u0103 practica evenka la ipoteza familiei lingvistice dene-yenisei, care postuleaz\u0103 rela\u021bii de \u00eenrudire \u00eentre unii evenki \u0219i athapascanii nord-americani? Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 ipotez\u0103 este corect\u0103, religia Buga ar trebui s\u0103 prezinte ramifica\u021bii circumpolara.<\/p><p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd: ce viitor are actuala rena\u0219tere a complexului Buga \u00een Regiunea Evenka, \u00een contextul presiunii masive exercitate de minerit \u0219i extrac\u021bia petrolului? \u0218i \u00een acest caz, istoria religiilor se \u00eemplete\u0219te cu actualitatea ecologic\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u0219i rolul de pionier al lui Shirokogoroff<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rolul lui Sergei Shirokogoroff \u00een cercetarea lui Buga merit\u0103 o tratare aprofundat\u0103. Shirokogoroff (1887-1939) a fost un etnograf rus care, dup\u0103 Revolu\u021bia din Octombrie, a emigrat \u0219i a predat din 1922 \u00een China.<\/p><p>Opera sa principal\u0103 <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (Shanghai 1935) este una dintre primele c\u0103r\u021bi care reconstituie sistematic un sistem religios ne-occidental din perspectiva interioar\u0103 a practican\u021bilor.<\/p><p>Shirokogoroff a consacrat termenul \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistem religios \u00een care speciali\u0219ti comunic\u0103 cu lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanism<\/span>&#8221; ca termen \u0219tiin\u021bific, pe baza cuv\u00e2ntului tungus <em>\u0161aman<\/em>. Aceast\u0103 formare conceptual\u0103 a avut consecin\u021be \u0219tiin\u021bifice majore: a transformat un termen local tungus \u00een categorie universal\u0103. Andrei Znamenski a reconstituit critic aceast\u0103 universalizare \u00een <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007).<\/p><p>Cercetarea actual\u0103 a lui Buga se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-un raport ambivalent fa\u021b\u0103 de Shirokogoroff: pe de o parte, materialul s\u0103u este indispensabil, pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00een conceptul s\u0103u de \u201efuziune psihomenal\u0103&#8221; se ascunde o premis\u0103 esen\u021bialist\u0103 pe care etnologia religioas\u0103 contemporan\u0103 o chestioneaz\u0103 critic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surse \u0219i raport cu centrul cultural<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cine dore\u0219te s\u0103 studieze complexul Buga \u00een toat\u0103 amploarea sa va g\u0103si pe pagina de sintez\u0103 <a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\">Tradi\u021bia siberian-tengrist\u0103<\/a> cele mai importante trimiteri \u00eencruci\u0219ate la figuri \u00eenrudite precum <a href=\"\/ro\/tengri\/\">Tengri<\/a> (paralela turcic\u0103) \u0219i fiin\u021bele luminoase <em>aiyy<\/em> din tradi\u021bia iakut\u0103.<\/p><p><em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935) de Sergei Shirokogoroff este sursa primar\u0103 cea mai important\u0103. <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (Moscova 1958) de A. F. Anisimov reprezint\u0103 cea mai important\u0103 sintez\u0103 sovietic\u0103. <em>Ewenki<\/em> (Leningrad 1969) de G. M. Vasilevich completeaz\u0103 imaginea cu material amplu.<\/p><p>Pentru contextul circumpolar, se recomand\u0103 <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990) de Roberte Hamayon \u0219i <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (Oxford 2007) de Andrei Znamenski. Aceste dou\u0103 lucr\u0103ri constituie cele mai importante corec\u021bii aduse modelului clasic Eliade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u0219i ini\u021bierea \u0219amanic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rolul lui Buga \u00een <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trecere ritual\u0103 prin care cineva este primit \u00eentr-un nou statut sau \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">ini\u021bierea<\/span> \u0219amanic\u0103 evenka merit\u0103 un studiu aparte. Shirokogoroff a descris detaliat \u00een <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935) mai multe ini\u021bieri: candidatul la <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Specialist religios c\u0103ruia i se atribuie medierea \u00eentre oameni \u0219i lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219aman<\/span> parcurge o faz\u0103 de \u201eboal\u0103 \u0219amanic\u0103&#8221; grav\u0103, interpretat\u0103 ca <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trecere ritual\u0103 prin care cineva este primit \u00eentr-un nou statut sau \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">ini\u021biere<\/span> &#8211; un model clasic pe care Eliade l-a generalizat ca \u201emoarte ini\u021biatic\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenviere&#8221;.<\/p><p>Buga apare \u00een aceast\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trecere ritual\u0103 prin care cineva este primit \u00eentr-un nou statut sau \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">ini\u021biere<\/span> ca mandatarul suprem: el trimite boala ini\u021biatic\u0103, el \u201edespic\u0103&#8221; ini\u021biatul, el \u00eel \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103toria prin cele trei niveluri ale lumii. Aceast\u0103 func\u021bie constituie, din perspectiv\u0103 religioas\u0103-antropologic\u0103, modelul pe care s-a construit cercetarea circumpolar\u0103 a ini\u021bierii.<\/p><p>Roberte Hamayon a revizuit critic acest model \u00een <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990): ea interpreteaz\u0103 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trecere ritual\u0103 prin care cineva este primit \u00eentr-un nou statut sau \u00eentr-o comunitate.\" tabindex=\"0\">ini\u021bierea<\/span> evenka mai degrab\u0103 ca o practic\u0103 de negociere socio-economic\u0103 dec\u00e2t ca \u201eexperien\u021b\u0103 mistic\u0103&#8221;. Ambele lecturi sunt legitime \u0219i se completeaz\u0103 reciproc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reflec\u021bie metodologic\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cercetarea lui Buga ridic\u0103 mai multe probleme metodologice. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd: munca de pionierat a lui Shirokogoroff este impresionant\u0103 din punct de vedere metodologic, dar marcat\u0103 de statutul s\u0103u de exilat \u0219i de premisele sale teoretice. Andrei Znamenski a reconstituit critic aceste premise.<\/p><p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd: represiunea sovietic\u0103 din anii 1930 a afectat grav tradi\u021bia \u0219amanic\u0103 evenka; ceea ce observ\u0103m ast\u0103zi este o re-construc\u021bie pe baza textelor etnografice. Aceast\u0103 re-construc\u021bie trebuie cercetat\u0103 independent din perspectiv\u0103 religioas\u0103-sociologic\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd: limba evenka este ast\u0103zi amenin\u021bat\u0103; odat\u0103 cu ea dispare \u0219i accesul direct la vocabularul \u0219i reprezent\u0103rile legate de Buga. Politica de conservare a limbii \u0219i a religiei devine astfel o problem\u0103 comun\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u0219i conservarea limbii evenke<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Limba evenka este clasificat\u0103 de UNESCO drept \u201eamenin\u021bat\u0103&#8221;; ast\u0103zi mai are doar c\u00e2teva mii de vorbitori activi, \u00een principal \u00een Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103 \u0219i \u00een nordul Chinei. Odat\u0103 cu limba dispare \u0219i accesul direct la vocabularul Buga \u0219i la finele diferen\u021bieri ale religiei evenke.<\/p><p>Mai multe ini\u021biative \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 aceast\u0103 pierdere. Academia Rus\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021be (Institutul de Lingvistic\u0103) \u0219i Universitatea din Ulan-Ude deruleaz\u0103 programe de documentare; \u00een Republica Popular\u0103 Chinez\u0103 exist\u0103 un demers similar pentru familia lingvistic\u0103 tunguso-manciurian\u0103.<\/p><p>Relevan\u021ba \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a acestui fapt const\u0103 \u00een str\u00e2nsa \u00eempletire dintre religie \u0219i limb\u0103. Pierderea cuv\u00e2ntului evenk <em>buga<\/em> ar \u00eensemna \u0219i pierderea unui concept religios specific. Conservarea limbii \u0219i a religiei devin astfel proiecte surori.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u0219i tradi\u021bia circumpolar\u0103 a zeilor supremi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O perspectiv\u0103 comparativ\u0103 circumpolar\u0103 \u00eel arat\u0103 pe Buga ca verig\u0103 a unei largi familii de \u201edivinit\u0103\u021bi supreme ale universului&#8221;, care se \u00eentinde de la Scandinavia (Radien samilor) prin Siberia (Num samoyed, Buga evenk) p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een America de Nord (Manitou algonkin, Sila inuit). \u00cen toate cazurile, cerul, universul \u0219i divinitatea suprem\u0103 se contopesc \u00eentr-un singur termen.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 ramificare circumpolar\u0103 face obiectul unei cercet\u0103ri intense. Juha Pentik\u00e4inen a oferit o privire de ansamblu sistematic\u0103 \u00een <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998); Mih\u00e1ly Hopp\u00e1l a extins compara\u021bia ungaro-siberian\u0103 \u00een <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (2007).<\/p><p>Dac\u0103 este vorba de o \u00eenrudire genetic\u0103 (substraturi paleosibiriene care s-au ramificat \u00een toate direc\u021biile) sau de o convergen\u021b\u0103 tipologic\u0103 (func\u021bii identice \u00een condi\u021bii ecologice similare) r\u0103m\u00e2ne o chestiune controversat\u0103. Buga este unul dintre exemplele cele mai bine documentate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u0219i economia tundrei evenke<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Religia evenka este str\u00e2ns \u00eempletit\u0103 cu economia renilor din tundr\u0103. Buga este totodat\u0103 zeul suprem \u0219i \u201est\u0103p\u00e2nul&#8221; renilor &#8211; f\u0103r\u0103 permisiunea sa, niciun ren nu poate fi v\u00e2nat. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adresarea rug\u0103toare sau invocatoare c\u0103tre o divinitate sau o putere.\" tabindex=\"0\">Invocarea<\/span> ritual\u0103 a lui Buga \u00eenainte de v\u00e2n\u0103toare nu este, prin urmare, doar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Atitudinea \u0219i practica religioas\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 a unui om.\" tabindex=\"0\">evlavie<\/span>, ci practic\u0103 economic\u0103.<\/p><p>A. F. Anisimov a descris detaliat aceast\u0103 \u00eempletire \u00een <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958). Ea se \u00eenscrie \u00eentr-o tradi\u021bie religioas\u0103-antropologic\u0103 mai larg\u0103, care nu trateaz\u0103 religia \u0219i economia ca sfere separate, ci ca proces de via\u021b\u0103 integrat.<\/p><p>\u00cen actuala Federa\u021bie Rus\u0103, economia tundrei evenke este masiv amenin\u021bat\u0103 de minerit, extrac\u021bia petrolului \u0219i schimb\u0103rile climatice. Odat\u0103 cu ea este \u00een pericol \u0219i complexul Buga &#8211; un c\u00e2mp de cercetare religios-ecologic de prim rang.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fe9c4aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2fe9c4aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2067a37d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2067a37d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga \u00eentre cer, lume \u0219i fiin\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2dfd4645 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2dfd4645\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ebe964b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ebe964b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Termenul <em>Buga<\/em> apar\u021bine limbilor tunguse, \u00een special evenke, \u0219i nu poate fi fixat \u00een mod univoc la o singur\u0103 semnifica\u021bie. \u00cenregistr\u0103rile etnografice redau cuv\u00e2ntul uneori ca cer, alteori ca lume sau regiune, alteori ca denumire a unei fiin\u021be supreme asociate cerului.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 amplitudine de sensuri nu este o eroare de traducere, ci trimite la o concep\u021bie \u00een care lumea animat\u0103, spa\u021biul ei \u0219i puterea suprem\u0103 care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een el nu erau g\u00e2ndite ca strict separate.<\/p><p>Sursele pentru <em>Buga<\/em> sunt rare \u0219i provin \u00een mare parte din secolele al XIX-lea \u0219i al XX-lea. Cercet\u0103tori \u0219i func\u021bionari administrativi ru\u0219i, ulterior etnografi sovietici precum Sergei Shirokogoroff, care a publicat lucr\u0103ri fundamentale despre popoarele tunguse \u0219i despre <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sistem religios \u00een care speciali\u0219ti comunic\u0103 cu lumea spiritelor.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0219amanism<\/span>, au consemnat fragmente ale reprezent\u0103rilor religioase.<\/p><p>Shirokogoroff a subliniat el \u00eensu\u0219i c\u0103 multe dintre aceste reprezent\u0103ri erau deja resemantizate prin contactul cu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Doctrina despre con\u021binuturile imaginilor \u0219i semnifica\u021bia lor.\" tabindex=\"0\">ortodoxia<\/span> rus\u0103 \u0219i cu religiile vecine. O <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 despre Dumnezeu \u0219i despre credin\u021ba unei religii.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> tungus\u0103 pur\u0103 \u0219i neperturbat\u0103 nu poate fi separat\u0103 din surse.<\/p><p>Se adaug\u0103 faptul c\u0103 evenk-ii tr\u0103iau dispersa\u021bi pe un teritoriu imens, de la Siberia Central\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la Pacific, \u0219i erau organiza\u021bi \u00een grupuri mici \u0219i mobile. Variantele locale ale reprezent\u0103rilor erau, \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103, considerabile, \u0219i nu exista nicio institu\u021bie care s\u0103 fi stabilit o doctrin\u0103 unitar\u0103.<\/p><p>Ceea ce se \u00een\u021belegea prin <em>Buga<\/em> putea varia de la un grup la altul. Prezent\u0103rile riguroase caracterizeaz\u0103, de aceea, <em>Buga<\/em> ca un termen greu de delimitat, care poate desemna, dup\u0103 context, mai degrab\u0103 spa\u021biul cosmic animat sau mai degrab\u0103 o fiin\u021b\u0103 suprem\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 ca ambele aspecte s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi separate net.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Sergei Shirokogoroff: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935)<\/li><li>A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>Le chamanisme<\/em> (1951)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>G. M. Vasilevich: <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La evenk-ii tungusi, Buga este considerat st\u0103p\u00e2nul suprem al universului, cuprinz\u00e2nd cerul, p\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u0219i lumea inferioar\u0103, \u0219i este invocat \u00een c\u00e2ntecele \u0219amanilor ca fundal invizibil \u0219i atotprezent al \u00eentregii vie\u021bi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Buga Evenki Tungusi Shirokogoroff Khargi seven Arborele Lumii.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-buga-tungus\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard \u0219i tradi\u021biile de protec\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een tradi\u021bia cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00een tradi\u021bia <a href=\"\/ro\/sibirisch-tengrismus\/\">Siberiei \/ Tengrismului<\/a> \u0219i a multor alte culturi din \u00eentreaga lume. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint, fabricat \u00een Germania. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te un tratament medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buga, zeul suprem \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nul universului la evenk-ii tungusi Buga este, \u00een sistemul religios al evenk-ilor \u0219i al altor popoare tunguse, totodat\u0103 zeu suprem, cer, univers \u0219i lume. El reprezint\u0103 integralitatea cosmic\u0103 \u00een care c\u0103l\u0103toriile \u0219amanilor, ordinea v\u00e2n\u0103torii \u0219i ciclul vie\u021bii \u00ee\u0219i g\u0103sesc locul. \u00cen mitul evenk-ilor \u0219i al altor popoare tunguse, Buga reune\u0219te cerul, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2862,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Buga zeu suprem evenki tungusi","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Buga - Zeul suprem tungus-evenk, mit \u0219i surse","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Buga este zeul suprem al evenk-ilor tungusi, identificat cu cerul \u0219i universul. \u00cencadrare cu mit \u0219i surse.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"sibirisch-tengrismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-104674","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Buga - Zeul suprem tungus-evenk, mit \u0219i surse<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Buga este zeul suprem al evenk-ilor tungusi, identificat cu cerul \u0219i universul. \u00cencadrare cu mit \u0219i surse.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/buga\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Buga - zeul suprem al evenk-ilor (tungusi)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Buga este zeul suprem al evenk-ilor tungusi, identificat cu cerul \u0219i universul. \u00cencadrare cu mit \u0219i surse.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/buga\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T12:16:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/\",\"name\":\"Buga - Zeul suprem tungus-evenk, mit \u0219i surse\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-04T12:16:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-04T12:16:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"Buga este zeul suprem al evenk-ilor tungusi, identificat cu cerul \u0219i universul. \u00cencadrare cu mit \u0219i surse.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"G\u00f6tter aus der Sibirisch-tengrismus-Tradition.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/buga\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/ro\\\/acasa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Buga &#8211; 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