{"id":102589,"date":"2026-07-16T10:32:35","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T10:32:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/krampus-2\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T16:44:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T16:44:34","slug":"krampus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/krampus\/","title":{"rendered":"Krampus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"102589\" class=\"elementor elementor-102589 elementor-20474\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Krampus, \u00eenso\u021bitorul cornut al Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Krampus este un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fiin\u021b\u0103 spiritual\u0103 c\u0103reia i se atribuie o influen\u021b\u0103 d\u0103un\u0103toare sau ambivalent\u0103.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> al tradi\u021biei alpine.<\/p><p><strong>Demon cornut al iernii, cu bici, lan\u021b \u0219i co\u0219 pe spate.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Demon: Fiin\u021b\u0103 supranatural\u0103 cu efect predominant d\u0103un\u0103tor sau ambivalent. Se situeaz\u0103 \u00eentre zei \u0219i oameni, provoac\u0103 boal\u0103, ispit\u0103 sau nenoroc \u0219i este alungat\u0103 prin invocare, obiecte apotropaice \u0219i ritualuri.\">Demon<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/legende-alpine\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Lumea legendelor din spa\u021biul alpin: Bavaria, Austria, Elve\u021bia \u0219i Tirolul de Sud, de la spiritele paji\u0219tilor montane p\u00e2n\u0103 la figurile din Rauhn\u00e4chte.\">Spa\u021biul alpin<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Nu au fost g\\u0103site titluri pe aceast\\u0103 pagin\\u0103.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCuprins\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_alpin_krampus-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-124559\" alt=\"Krampus - demoni din tradi\u021bia alpin\u0103, ilustra\u021bie istoric\u0103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_alpin_krampus-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_alpin_krampus-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_alpin_krampus-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_alpin_krampus.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Krampus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Krampus este figura sumbr\u0103 care \u00eel \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te pe Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een estul Alpilor: cornut, acoperit de blan\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenarmat cu lan\u021b \u0219i bici, \u00een timp ce Nicolae \u00eei r\u0103spl\u0103te\u0219te pe copiii cumin\u021bi. Figura este atestat\u0103 pictural \u00eenc\u0103 din 1582 la Die\u00dfen am Ammersee, iar ca personaj de sine st\u0103t\u0103tor pe c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale abia din a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea.<\/p><p>\u00cen paradele Krampuslauf, de la Salzburg p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Carintia, el apare \u0219i ast\u0103zi ca o figur\u0103 demonic\u0103 zgomotoas\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare a anotimpului rece, cu masc\u0103 sculptat\u0103 din lemn, lan\u021b z\u0103ng\u0103nitor \u0219i bici din nuiele de mesteac\u0103n. Noaptea de 5 decembrie, cea dinaintea zilei Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae, r\u0103m\u00e2ne data sa fix\u0103 de apari\u021bie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pe scurt: Krampus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> demon al iernii \u0219i \u00eenso\u021bitor al Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae<br>Origine: estul Alpilor, atestat pictural din 1582 la Die\u00dfen am Ammersee<br>Texte: acte biserice\u0219ti de interzicere \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XVII-lea, c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale Krampus din aproximativ 1850<br>Perioad\u0103: ca personaj de carte po\u0219tal\u0103 din a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea, obicei \u00eenc\u0103 viu ast\u0103zi<br>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are: siluet\u0103 cornut\u0103, acoperit\u0103 de blan\u0103, cu masc\u0103 de lemn, lan\u021b, bici \u0219i co\u0219 pe spate<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context istoric<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perioada textelor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atestat pictural din 1582 la Die\u00dfen am Ammersee, iar ca personaj de sine st\u0103t\u0103tor pe c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale abia din a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea. Actele biserice\u0219ti de interzicere dateaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din secolul al XVII-lea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aria de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Salzburg, Tirol, Carintia, Stiria, Bavaria \u0219i Tirolul de Sud: Krampus este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een \u00eentreg estul Alpilor \u0219i \u00een regiunile bavareze \u00eenvecinate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situa\u021bia surselor<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bine documentat prin acte biserice\u0219ti de interzicere \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XVII-lea, c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale Krampus din aproximativ 1850 \u0219i descrieri etnografice ale paradelor Krampus \u0219i Perchten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nume \u0219i variante<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Bavarezo-austriac:<\/strong> Numele este de regul\u0103 pus \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Krampen, un cuv\u00e2nt pentru ceva ofilit sau ghearos, \u00eenrudit cu joasa german\u0103 medie krampe, c\u00e2rlig. Derivarea exact\u0103 nu este considerat\u0103 pe deplin l\u0103murit\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are \u0219i simbolism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00cenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are<\/strong><\/p><p>Cornut, cu limb\u0103 lung\u0103 \u0219i acoperit de blan\u0103, masca fiind sculptat\u0103 de obicei din lemn de z\u00e2mbru sau de tei; fiecare grup de figuran\u021bi (Passe) are propriul stil de masc\u0103. Caracteristice sunt lan\u021bul z\u0103ng\u0103nitor, biciul din nuiele de mesteac\u0103n \u0219i co\u0219ul purtat pe spate.<\/p><p><strong>Efect<\/strong><\/p><p>Combina\u021bia de zgomot, blan\u0103 \u0219i lan\u021b \u00eel face deopotriv\u0103 o fiin\u021b\u0103 supus\u0103 \u0219i una care supune: un demon al iernii \u00een slujba Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae, care \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 vizibil amenin\u021barea de odinioar\u0103. \u00cen unele locuri, clopote ata\u0219ate de costum sporesc \u0219i mai mult zgomotul apari\u021biei sale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fi\u0219\u0103 informativ\u0103: Krampus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aspectele esen\u021biale ale figurii cu bici, pe scurt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradi\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figur\u0103 de iarn\u0103 \u00eenso\u021bitoare a Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u00een estul Alpilor, stabilit\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada Contrareformei ca pereche fix\u0103 de contraste \u00eentre r\u0103splat\u0103 \u0219i pedeaps\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Legat de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Copiii neascult\u0103tori ca \u021bint\u0103 declarat\u0103 a amenin\u021b\u0103rii, iar la parade, \u00eentregul public adunat pentru paradele Krampus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reprezentare<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Masc\u0103 de lemn sculptat\u0103, blan\u0103, lan\u021b, bici din nuiele de mesteac\u0103n \u0219i co\u0219 pe spate; forma coarnelor \u0219i lungimea limbii difer\u0103 de la un grup de figuran\u021bi la altul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Func\u021bie<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figur\u0103 contrastant\u0103 \u0219i pedepsitoare fa\u021b\u0103 de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae cel r\u0103spl\u0103titor, cu un rol mai vechi de spirit r\u0103t\u0103citor al iernii, temut \u00een timpul Rauhn\u00e4chte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forme de ap\u0103rare<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Afumarea cu t\u0103m\u00e2ie, zgomotul de clopote \u0219i lan\u021buri, binecuv\u00e2ntarea bisericeasc\u0103 a lemnului (Blochsegen) \u0219i apa sfin\u021bit\u0103 \u00een preajma zilei Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Figuri comparabile<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/oni\/\">Oni<\/a>, demonul japonez, ca exemplu comparativ \u00eendep\u0103rtat de alungare ritual\u0103 a demonilor, al\u0103turi de rude regionale precum Klaubauf \u0219i Buttnmandl.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15d411e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"15d411e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Noaptea Krampus din 5 decembrie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Noaptea Krampus cade pe 5 decembrie, ajunul zilei Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae. \u00cen aceast\u0103 noapte, figurile Krampus str\u0103bat satele \u0219i ora\u0219ele, singure, \u00een grupuri mici (Passe) sau \u00een cadrul unei mari parade. \u00cen multe locuri, pe 6 decembrie urmeaz\u0103 vizita Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u00eenso\u021bit de Krampus, direct \u00een case.<\/p><p>Obiceiul vizitei are reguli fixe. Familia \u00eei prime\u0219te pe cei doi, copiii recit\u0103 poezii, Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae cite\u0219te din cartea sa. Krampus r\u0103m\u00e2ne la u\u0219\u0103 sau \u00een plan secund. Tocmai prin aceast\u0103 apari\u021bie \u021binut\u0103 \u00een fr\u00e2u, spaima pe care o inspir\u0103 devine cu at\u00e2t mai puternic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48c3e6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"48c3e6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Krampus \u0219i Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae: o pereche consacrat\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>F\u0103r\u0103 Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae nu ar exista Krampus. Figura a ap\u0103rut ca adversar \u0219i slujitor al sf\u00e2ntului \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne legat\u0103 de s\u0103rb\u0103toarea acestuia. Aceasta o diferen\u021biaz\u0103 de un simplu spectacol cu m\u0103\u0219ti.<\/p><p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 asociere se ascunde o ordine simpl\u0103: sf\u00e2ntul \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 binele \u0219i m\u0103sura, iar figura \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nt\u0103toare urmarea nesocotirii lor. Din perspectiv\u0103 etnologic\u0103, este vorba despre o figur\u0103 educativ\u0103, a\u0219a cum \u00eent\u00e2lnim \u00een multe culturi. Figuri amenin\u021b\u0103toare comparabile apar de la francezul P\u00e8re Fouettard p\u00e2n\u0103 la Budelfrau din regiunea alpin\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e12e3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e12e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Krampus, Perchten, Knecht Ruprecht: diferen\u021bele<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Krampus \u0219i Perchten sunt adesea confunda\u021bi, dar apar\u021bin unor obiceiuri diferite. Krampus este legat de ziua de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae. Perchten apar \u00een perioada Rauhn\u00e4chte (cele dou\u0103sprezece nop\u021bi dintre Cr\u0103ciun \u0219i Boboteaz\u0103), adic\u0103 la trecerea dintre ani \u0219i la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul iernii, \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i au originea \u00een figura legendar\u0103 a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/frau-perchta\/\">Perchtei<\/a>. Evenimentele moderne combin\u0103 cele dou\u0103 figuri, dar din punct de vedere istoric ele sunt separate.<\/p><p>Knecht Ruprecht, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, este \u00eenso\u021bitorul lui Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een regiunea central\u0103 \u0219i nordic\u0103 a Germaniei. El poart\u0103 ras\u0103 \u00een loc de blan\u0103, provine din tradi\u021bia pieselor de teatru de Cr\u0103ciun \u0219i are o manifestare mult mai bl\u00e2nd\u0103. Unde Ruprecht mustr\u0103, Krampus se dezl\u0103n\u021buie.<\/p><p>O formul\u0103 scurt\u0103 pentru uz curent: seara Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae plus blan\u0103 \u0219i coarne d\u0103 Krampus. Trecerea dintre ani plus alaiul cu m\u0103\u0219ti d\u0103 Perchten. Ras\u0103 plus sac d\u0103 Knecht Ruprecht.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-963f3bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"963f3bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u0103sp\u00e2ndire: Austria, Bavaria, Tirolul de Sud \u0219i vecinii<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u021ainutul de baz\u0103 al obiceiului este Austria, cu accent pe Salzburg, Tirol, Tirolul de Est, Carintia \u0219i Stiria. Aici Krampus este parte integrant\u0103 a Adventului, de la festivit\u0103\u021bile \u0219colare p\u00e2n\u0103 la evenimentele de mare amploare.<\/p><p>\u00cen Bavaria, obiceiul se p\u0103streaz\u0103 mai ales \u00een regiunea alpin\u0103. \u021ainutul Berchtesgaden are, prin Buttnmandln, o variant\u0103 proprie a \u00eenso\u021bitorului lui Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae, \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 \u00een paie. Tirolul de Sud p\u0103streaz\u0103 obiceiul \u00een multe v\u0103i, adesea cu procesiuni elaborate.<\/p><p>Dincolo de spa\u021biul de limb\u0103 german\u0103, figura ajunge \u00een Slovenia, unde se nume\u0219te parkelj, \u0219i \u00een vestul Ungariei, sub numele krampusz. Aria obiceiului urmeaz\u0103 astfel vechile spa\u021bii culturale ale arcului alpin de est, nu frontierele statale de ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28db130 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"28db130\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alaiurile Krampus: obiceiul devenit eveniment de amploare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La alaiul Krampus, zeci sau sute de persoane costumate defileaz\u0103 pe str\u0103zi. Grupurile, numite Passen, apar cu m\u0103\u0219ti \u0219i ve\u0219minte create \u00een stil unitar. Spectatorii se adun\u0103 de-a lungul barierelor, iar zgomotul clopo\u021beilor r\u0103sun\u0103 peste tot locul.<\/p><p>Alaiuri mari se g\u0103sesc printre altele la Salzburg \u0219i \u00een \u00eemprejurimi, \u00een Carintia \u0219i \u00een Tirolul de Est. Multe comune organizeaz\u0103, \u00een plus, procesiuni mai mici cu o \u00eendelungat\u0103 istorie local\u0103. Datele au loc aproape \u00eentotdeauna \u00eentre finalul lunii noiembrie \u0219i 6 decembrie.<\/p><p>Transformarea din obicei domestic \u00een eveniment este privit\u0103 cu un ochi critic \u00een regiunea alpin\u0103. Se discut\u0103 despre consumul de alcool, violen\u021ba de la marginea alaiurilor \u0219i despre c\u00e2t de mult spectacol poate suporta un obicei. Majoritatea grupurilor Passen r\u0103spund acestor probleme prin reguli stricte, numerotarea m\u0103\u0219tilor \u0219i distan\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de public.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a49137d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a49137d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u0103\u0219ti \u0219i ve\u0219minte: me\u0219te\u0219ugul din spatele spaimei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Larva, a\u0219a cum este numit\u0103 masca sculptat\u0103 din lemn, se realizeaz\u0103 manual. Sunt r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite lemnul de pin de munte \u0219i cel de tei, al\u0103turi de coarne autentice de capr\u0103 sau berbec. Larvele de calitate provin din ateliere cu experien\u021b\u0103 \u00eendelungat\u0103 \u0219i, ca piese de colec\u021bie, ating pre\u021buri considerabile.<\/p><p>Ve\u0219m\u00e2ntul include blan\u0103, curea cu clopo\u021bei grei, nuia \u0219i lan\u021b. Cine urm\u0103re\u0219te o Passe recunoa\u0219te m\u00e2na sculptorului \u00een tr\u0103s\u0103turile \u0219i pictura m\u0103\u0219tilor. Me\u0219te\u0219ugul este o parte proprie a obiceiului \u0219i \u00eel \u021bine viu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">De la v\u00e2n\u0103toarea Perchten la cartea po\u0219tal\u0103 Krampus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cea mai veche m\u0103rturie cunoscut\u0103 a unei astfel de procesiuni provine din anul 1582, din Die\u00dfen am Ammersee, unde participan\u021bii la o v\u00e2n\u0103toare a Perchtenilor erau r\u0103spl\u0103ti\u021bi pentru izgonirea spiritelor rele ale iernii. Leg\u0103tura dintre Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u0219i Krampus, ca pereche opus\u0103 a recompensei \u0219i pedepsei, s-a consolidat \u00een epoca Contrareformei, c\u00e2nd Biserica Catolic\u0103 dorea s\u0103 \u00eent\u0103reasc\u0103 cultul Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae. \u00cen secolele al XVII-lea \u0219i al XVIII-lea, alaiurile Perchten \u0219i Krampus au fost interzise \u00een repetate r\u00e2nduri \u00een Bavaria, Salzburg \u0219i Tirol, considerate tulbur\u0103ri contrare poli\u021biei \u0219i religiei, \u00eentruc\u00e2t degenerau adesea \u00een be\u021bii.<\/p><p>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea au ap\u0103rut a\u0219a-numitele c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale Krampus, prin care se urau cunoscu\u021bilor, \u00een glum\u0103, b\u0103t\u0103i din partea lui Krampus. Regional apar figuri \u00eenrudite sub alte denumiri, precum Klaubauf sau Buttnmandl; \u00een secolele XX \u0219i XXI, Krampus s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit dincolo de regiunea alpin\u0103 \u0219i a fost adoptat \u0219i la nivel interna\u021bional.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">De la motivul de pe c\u0103r\u021bile po\u0219tale la obiceiul de iarn\u0103 contemporan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u0103r\u021bile po\u0219tale Krampus de la finalul secolului al XIX-lea au adus timpuriu figura lui Krampus \u00een coresponden\u021ba privat\u0103. \u00cen secolul al XXI-lea, alaiurile Krampus au crescut \u00eentr-un obicei de iarn\u0103 puternic apreciat din punct de vedere turistic, cu costume elaborate, uneori c\u00e2nt\u0103rind c\u00e2teva kilograme, \u0219i m\u0103\u0219ti sculptate cu m\u0103iestrie. La nivel interna\u021bional, figura a devenit cunoscut\u0103 printre altele prin filmul american Krampus (2015), care o prezint\u0103 puternic denaturat, ca un demon pur al groazei; \u00een Austria \u00eens\u0103, el r\u0103m\u00e2ne mai ales un obicei asociativ \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat local.<\/p><p>Krampus \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 principiul figurii de contrast: doar prin opozi\u021bia cu Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae, cel care r\u0103spl\u0103te\u0219te, figura amenin\u021b\u0103toare \u00ee\u0219i desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 pe deplin efectul educativ. Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor, obiceiul poate fi interpretat ca un ritual de izgonire a iernii, care a \u00eembinat vechile reprezent\u0103ri precre\u0219tine ale spiritelor de iarn\u0103 vagabonde cu legenda episcopului din Myra. Interdic\u021biile din epoca modern\u0103 timpurie arat\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i timp c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile se temeau de alai ca de un prilej de exuberan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lcare a limitelor, o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 care se perpetueaz\u0103 \u00een amestecul actual de fric\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103toare popular\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f6cae2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9f6cae2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Krampus \u00een film \u0219i cultura popular\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figura a devenit cunoscut\u0103 la nivel interna\u021bional \u0219i prin cinema. Filmul american \u201eKrampus\u201d, regizat de Michael Dougherty \u00een anul 2015, a familiarizat un public mondial cu figura ca personaj de groaz\u0103. De atunci, Krampus apare \u00een seriale, benzi desenate \u0219i jocuri video.<\/p><p>\u00cen Statele Unite s-au dezvoltat astfel forme proprii, de la petreceri Krampus p\u00e2n\u0103 la procesiuni dup\u0103 modelul alpin. Krampus-ul din cultura popular\u0103 este mult mai monstruos dec\u00e2t modelul s\u0103u original. Cu obiceiul de vizitare din regiunea alpin\u0103 partajeaz\u0103 numele \u0219i silueta, dar aproape deloc func\u021bia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a031aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9a031aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9193514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9193514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protec\u021bia din timpul Rauhn\u00e4chte \u0219i binecuv\u00e2ntarea Blochsegen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02ca0ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp02ca0ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp444e0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp444e0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen tradi\u021bie, Krampus este considerat mai pu\u021bin un adversar de care trebuie s\u0103 te aperi, c\u00e2t un oaspete, de\u0219i temut, al perioadei Rauhn\u00e4chte (cele dou\u0103sprezece nop\u021bi dintre Cr\u0103ciun \u0219i Boboteaz\u0103). Protec\u021bia se \u00eendrepta \u00een primul r\u00e2nd spre cas\u0103 \u00een ansamblu: camerele \u0219i grajdurile erau afumate cu t\u0103m\u00e2ie pentru a \u021bine la distan\u021b\u0103 spiritele hoinare ale iernii, iar clopotele \u0219i pocnetele de bici serveau la alungarea general\u0103 a nenorocirilor. Binecuv\u00e2ntarea bisericeasc\u0103 a bu\u0219tenilor (Blochsegen) \u0219i stropirea cu ap\u0103 sfin\u021bit\u0103 \u00een jurul zilei Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae completau aceast\u0103 protec\u021bie. Copiilor li se recomanda mai ales o purtare cuminte de-a lungul anului, c\u0103ci nuiaua, potrivit legendei, \u00eei lovea tocmai pe cei care se purtaser\u0103 r\u0103u tot anul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4af3fd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4af3fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interpretare: o spaim\u0103 cu func\u021bie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0218tiin\u021bele religiei citesc figura lui Krampus ca pe o sperietoare ordonat\u0103. Obiceiul pune \u00een scen\u0103 frica \u00een mod controlat, o leag\u0103 de reguli \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, o dizolv\u0103. Copilul tr\u0103ie\u0219te amenin\u021barea, dar \u0219i faptul c\u0103 aceasta trece \u0219i c\u0103 sf\u00e2ntul are ultimul cuv\u00e2nt.<\/p><p>La aceasta se adaug\u0103 o interpretare apotropaic\u0103, adic\u0103 lectura zgomotului \u0219i a m\u0103\u0219tii ca mijloace \u00eempotriva nenorocirii. Clopo\u021beii, strig\u0103tele \u0219i chipul \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nt\u0103tor ar trebui, conform acestei interpret\u0103ri, s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 la distan\u021b\u0103 \u00eentunericul anotimpului rece. Interpretarea este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103, dar r\u0103m\u00e2ne o ipotez\u0103 ca explica\u021bie istoric\u0103 a obiceiului.<\/p><p>Demn de remarcat este dubla ipostaz\u0103 a figurii: Krampus \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 amenin\u021barea \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, o \u021bine sub control. Cel care poart\u0103 masca face spaima gestionabil\u0103. Tocmai aceast\u0103 logic\u0103 leag\u0103 obiceiul alpin de practicile de protec\u021bie din multe culturi, care dau nenorocirii un chip pentru a o putea controla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11de5b2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp11de5b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d35271 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8d35271\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alungarea demonilor \u00een compara\u021bie cultural\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02f26b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp02f26b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp58c4390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp58c4390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nu este atestat\u0103 o coresponden\u021b\u0103 direct\u0103 a lui Krampus \u00een afara spa\u021biului alpin, dar exist\u0103 un tipar de baz\u0103 \u00eenrudit al alung\u0103rii rituale a demonilor. La festivalul japonez Setsubun, la \u00eenceputul prim\u0103verii, se arunc\u0103 boabe de soia pr\u0103jite pentru a alunga <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/oni\/\">Oni<\/a>, fiin\u021be cu coarne, la fel de \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare, a c\u0103ror apari\u021bie anual\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 restabileasc\u0103 ordinea. Spre deosebire de Krampus, Oni apare ca un adversar pur, nu ca un \u00eenso\u021bitor \u00eembl\u00e2nzit al unei figuri binevoitoare. \u00cen spa\u021biul alpin, \u00eei sunt \u00eenrudi\u021bi <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/omul-salbatic\/\">Omul S\u0103lbatic (Wilde Mann)<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/rubezahl\/\">R\u00fcbezahl<\/a>, figuri similare de spaim\u0103 \u0219i ale naturii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp406577c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp406577c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdd9c543 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdd9c543\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre Krampus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9e731bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9e731bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa7c898c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa7c898c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Este Krampus un diavol sau un spirit al naturii?<\/strong><\/p><p>Ambele interpret\u0103ri apar \u00een cercetare. Lan\u021bul cu care apare trimite la o idee mai veche a unui spirit iernatic \u00eembl\u00e2nzit, ini\u021bial mai s\u0103lbatic, \u00een timp ce coarnele \u0219i \u00eencadrarea bisericeasc\u0103 l-au apropiat mai mult de diavol \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu Contrareforma. \u00cen obicei, el nu este un diavol \u00een sensul bisericesc: ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la porunca Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u0219i \u00eei r\u0103m\u00e2ne subordonat.<\/p><p><strong>De ce apare Krampus \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae?<\/strong><\/p><p>Perechea a ap\u0103rut mai ales pentru a oferi copiilor o pereche clar\u0103 de opu\u0219i, r\u0103splat\u0103 \u0219i pedeaps\u0103. Din punct de vedere istoric, Krampus este \u00eens\u0103 atestat mai vechi dec\u00e2t aceast\u0103 asociere fix\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103rea ini\u021bial \u0219i independent de obiceiurile legate de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae.<\/p><p><strong>Se love\u0219te chiar cu adev\u0103rat la Krampuslauf?<\/strong><\/p><p>Da, lovitul cu nuiaua face parte din obiceiul viu \u0219i este c\u0103utat \u00een mod con\u0219tient de mul\u021bi privitori. Participan\u021bii la alergare urmeaz\u0103 de obicei regulile de comportament ale grupului lor (Passe), astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t este vorba despre un ritual consim\u021bit, de\u0219i aspru.<\/p><p><strong>Ce face Krampus?<\/strong><\/p><p>Krampus \u00eel \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te pe Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae pe 5 \u0219i 6 decembrie. El amenin\u021b\u0103 copiii neascult\u0103tori cu nuiaua \u0219i lan\u021bul, \u00een timp ce Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00eei r\u0103spl\u0103te\u0219te pe cei cumin\u021bi. La Krampusl\u00e4ufe, persoane mascate \u00een bl\u0103nuri \u0219i cu m\u0103\u0219ti de lemn sculptate defileaz\u0103 pe str\u0103zi. La vizita din cas\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar amenin\u021barea, \u00een timp ce la alergare, lovitura cu nuiaua face parte din obicei \u00een multe locuri.<\/p><p><strong>C\u00e2nd vine Krampus?<\/strong><\/p><p>Noaptea lui Krampus este 5 decembrie, ajunul zilei Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae. \u00cen multe locuri, Krampus \u00eel \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te pe Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u0219i pe 6 decembrie, la vizita din cas\u0103. Krampusl\u00e4ufe au loc de obicei \u00eentre sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lui noiembrie \u0219i 6 decembrie.<\/p><p><strong>Cum se nume\u0219te Krampus \u00een Germania?<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00cen Bavaria, figura este cunoscut\u0103 tot ca Krampus, iar \u00een regiunea Berchtesgadener Land apar \u00een plus Buttnmandln. \u00cen zona central\u0103 \u0219i nordic\u0103 a Germaniei, rolul de \u00eenso\u021bitor al Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae este preluat de Knecht Ruprecht, o figur\u0103 independent\u0103 \u0219i mai bl\u00e2nd\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9850ef7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9850ef7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Este Krampus un diavol sau un spirit al naturii?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ambele interpret\u0103ri apar \u00een cercetare. Lan\u021bul cu care apare trimite la o idee mai veche a unui spirit iernatic \u00eembl\u00e2nzit, ini\u021bial mai s\u0103lbatic, \u00een timp ce coarnele \u0219i \u00eencadrarea bisericeasc\u0103 l-au apropiat mai mult de diavol \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu Contrareforma. \u00cen obicei, el nu este un diavol \u00een sensul bisericesc: ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la porunca Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u0219i \u00eei r\u0103m\u00e2ne subordonat.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"De ce apare Krampus \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Perechea a ap\u0103rut mai ales pentru a oferi copiilor o pereche clar\u0103 de opu\u0219i, r\u0103splat\u0103 \u0219i pedeaps\u0103. Din punct de vedere istoric, Krampus este \u00eens\u0103 atestat mai vechi dec\u00e2t aceast\u0103 asociere fix\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103rea ini\u021bial \u0219i independent de obiceiurile legate de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Se love\u0219te chiar cu adev\u0103rat la Krampuslauf?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Da, lovitul cu nuiaua face parte din obiceiul viu \u0219i este c\u0103utat \u00een mod con\u0219tient de mul\u021bi privitori. Participan\u021bii la alergare urmeaz\u0103 de obicei regulile de comportament ale grupului lor (Passe), astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t este vorba despre un ritual consim\u021bit, de\u0219i aspru.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Ce face Krampus?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Krampus \u00eel \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te pe Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae pe 5 \u0219i 6 decembrie. El amenin\u021b\u0103 copiii neascult\u0103tori cu nuiaua \u0219i lan\u021bul, \u00een timp ce Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00eei r\u0103spl\u0103te\u0219te pe cei cumin\u021bi. La Krampusl\u00e4ufe, persoane mascate \u00een bl\u0103nuri \u0219i cu m\u0103\u0219ti de lemn sculptate defileaz\u0103 pe str\u0103zi. La vizita din cas\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar amenin\u021barea, \u00een timp ce la alergare, lovitura cu nuiaua face parte din obicei \u00een multe locuri.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"C\u00e2nd vine Krampus?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Noaptea lui Krampus este 5 decembrie, ajunul zilei Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae. \u00cen multe locuri, Krampus \u00eel \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te pe Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u0219i pe 6 decembrie, la vizita din cas\u0103. Krampusl\u00e4ufe au loc de obicei \u00eentre sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lui noiembrie \u0219i 6 decembrie.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Cum se nume\u0219te Krampus \u00een Germania?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u00cen Bavaria, figura este cunoscut\u0103 tot ca Krampus, iar \u00een regiunea Berchtesgadener Land apar \u00een plus Buttnmandln. \u00cen zona central\u0103 \u0219i nordic\u0103 a Germaniei, rolul de \u00eenso\u021bitor al Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae este preluat de Knecht Ruprecht, o figur\u0103 independent\u0103 \u0219i mai bl\u00e2nd\u0103.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Linkuri interne recomandate:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/legende-alpine\/\">Spa\u021biul alpin<\/a> \u2013 toate fiin\u021bele din lumea legendelor alpine<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/frau-perchta\/\">Frau Perchta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/habergeis\/\">Habergei\u00df<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/corb-de-noapte\/\">Nachtkrapp<\/a> \u2013 alte figuri ale Rauhn\u00e4chte<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tamaiere-si-purificare\/\">Afumarea ritual\u0103<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/clopotele-ca-protectie\/\">Clopote<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/apa-sfintita\/\">Ap\u0103 sfin\u021bit\u0103<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/protectia-casei-si-ritual-al-pragului\/\">Protec\u021bia casei<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/foc-protector\/\">Focuri de protec\u021bie<\/a> \u2013 forme tradi\u021bionale de protec\u021bie<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/busola-protectiei\/\">Busola de protec\u021bie<\/a> \u2013 prezentare general\u0103 a mijloacelor de protec\u021bie<\/li><\/ul><p>Cei care doresc s\u0103 aprofundeze logica spaimei alungate pot descoperi \u00een lexicon vecinii lui Krampus: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/alp\/\">Alp<\/a>, spiritul nocturn al ap\u0103s\u0103rii din credin\u021ba popular\u0103 german\u0103, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/tatzelwurm\/\">Tatzelwurm<\/a>, fiin\u021ba \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nt\u0103toare a spa\u021biului alpin, \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/klabautermann\/\">Klabautermann<\/a>, spiritul avertizor al marinarilor. O prezentare general\u0103 a tradi\u021biei ofer\u0103 pagina despre <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/zei-nordici\/\">tradi\u021bia germanic\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatur\u0103 (selec\u021bie)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>O selec\u021bie de surse \u0219i studii esen\u021biale:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>B\u00e4chtold-St\u00e4ubli, Hanns (Hg.): <em>Handw\u00f6rterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens<\/em>. 10 Bde. Berlin\/Leipzig 1927\u20131942 (Neudruck Berlin\/New York 1987).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Waschnitius, Viktor: <em>Perht, Holda und verwandte Gestalten. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Religionsgeschichte<\/em>. Wien 1913.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Zingerle, Ignaz Vinzenz: <em>Sitten, Br\u00e4uche und Meinungen des Tiroler Volkes<\/em>. 2. Auflage, Innsbruck 1871.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bruce, Maurice: <em>The Krampus in Styria<\/em>. In: Folklore, Bd. 69, 1958.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ridenour, Al: <em>The Krampus and the Old, Dark Christmas: Roots and Rebirth of the Folkloric Devil<\/em>. Port Townsend 2016.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Alte lucr\u0103ri de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/literatura\/\">bibliografie<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-hulijing e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-hulijing\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-hulijing-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-hulijing-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figura cunoscut\u0103 drept Krampus, fiin\u021b\u0103 cu nuiele din spa\u021biul alpin, r\u0103m\u00e2ne str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de noaptea de 5 decembrie, iar \u00een obiceiul de ast\u0103zi al Krampuslauf jocul ei iernatic dintre fric\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103toare popular\u0103 continu\u0103 s\u0103 d\u0103inuie \u0219i ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Krampus, \u00eenso\u021bitorul \u00eencoronat al Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae Krampus este demon al tradi\u021biei alpine. Demon de iarn\u0103 \u00eencoronat, cu nuiele, lan\u021b \u0219i co\u0219 de spate. DemonSpa\u021biul alpin Cuprins Krampus Krampus este figura sinistr\u0103 care \u00eel \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te pe Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u00een Alpii de Est: \u00eencoronat, acoperit de blan\u0103, purt\u00e2nd lan\u021b \u0219i nuiele, \u00een timp ce Nicolae \u00eei r\u0103spl\u0103te\u0219te [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20516,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"krampus","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Krampus - Figura cu nuiele din Alpi","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Krampus: \u00eenso\u021bitorul \u00eencoronat al Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae \u00een Alpi. 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