{"id":102545,"date":"2026-08-04T08:48:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T08:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/traditia-populara-engleza\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T08:49:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T08:49:10","slug":"folclor-englez","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/folclor-englez\/","title":{"rendered":"Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"102545\" class=\"elementor elementor-102545 elementor-20560\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hero iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hl iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Folclorul englez, spiritele casei \u0219i c\u00e2inii negri ai comitatelor<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-leadc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-leadc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103 nu a ap\u0103rut ca un sistem unitar, ci ca un mozaic de nara\u021biuni locale: fiecare comitat, adesea fiecare sat, cuno\u0219tea propriile spirite, spirite ale apelor \u0219i semne de avertizare. Abia culeg\u0103torii secolului al XIX-lea, stimula\u021bi de fra\u021bii Grimm \u0219i de folkloristica aflat\u0103 \u00een formare, au adunat aceste tradi\u021bii orale, \u00eenainte ca industrializarea \u0219i exodul rural s\u0103 le reduc\u0103 la t\u0103cere \u00een numeroase locuri.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Spiritele casei precum Hob \u0219i Boggart, c\u00e2inii negri \u0219i focurile r\u0103t\u0103citoare alc\u0103tuiesc inventarul de baz\u0103 al acestui folclor englez al comitatelor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hr iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-himg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-himg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2890\" alt=\"Beaivi - G\u00f6tter aus der Sami-Tradition, historisch-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-sami elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-sami elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Folcloristica <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Colectarea \u0219i sistematizarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a tradi\u021biilor orale populare, de regul\u0103 \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XIX-lea.\" tabindex=\"0\">englez\u0103<\/span><\/strong> a \u00eenceput \u00een secolul al XIX-lea s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze sistematic legendele r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u00een comitate despre spirite ale casei, fiin\u021be acvatice \u0219i apari\u021bii fantomatice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Ace\u0219ti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Un motiv recurent al folclorului englez: un c\u00e2ine negru de r\u0103u augur, adesea de dimensiuni uria\u0219e.\" tabindex=\"0\">c\u00e2ini negri<\/span> \u0219i spiritele casei sunt transmise p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een colec\u021biile regionale ale comitatelor engleze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Folclorul comitatelor \u0219i culeg\u0103torii s\u0103i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anglia nu posed\u0103 o mitologie unitar\u0103 \u00een sensul unui panteon \u00eenchegat, ci o re\u021bea dens\u0103 de legende regionale care difer\u0103 considerabil de la Cornwall p\u00e2n\u0103 la Northumberland. Abia odat\u0103 cu \u00eenfiin\u021barea Folklore Society \u00een 1878 \u0219i cu lucr\u0103ri precum Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England (1866) de William Henderson a fost sistematic cuprins\u0103 aceast\u0103 diversitate.<\/p><p>\u00cen secolul al XX-lea, Katharine Briggs prin A Dictionary of Fairies (1976) \u0219i Ruth Tongue prin colec\u021biile sale din Somerset au continuat aceast\u0103 munc\u0103. Cataloagele lor arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de mult difer\u0103 numele \u0219i caracteristicile aceluia\u0219i tip de fiin\u021b\u0103 de la un comitat la altul.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Din aceast\u0103 activitate de culegere provine cunoa\u0219terea spiritelor casei \u0219i ale focului precum Hob \u0219i Boggart, precum \u0219i a numero\u0219ilor c\u00e2ini negri ai Angliei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spirite ale casei: Hob, Boggart \u0219i Lob-lie-by-the-Fire<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hob\/\">Hob<\/a> este un spirit ajut\u0103tor legat de cas\u0103 sau de curte, care lucreaz\u0103 noaptea at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t este tratat cu respect; dac\u0103 i se ofer\u0103 \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte, potrivit tradi\u021biei, acesta o percepe ca pe o jignire \u0219i dispare. \u00cenruditul <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hobgoblin\/\">Hobgoblin<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/spirit-vatra\/\">Lob-lie-by-the-Fire<\/a>, culcat l\u00e2ng\u0103 foc, \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc acest motiv al spiritului casei invizibil, dar binevoitor.<\/p><p>Dac\u0103 un astfel de spirit este nesocotit sau batjocorit, poate deveni, conform nara\u021biunii, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/boggart\/\">Boggart<\/a>, o apari\u021bie imprevizibil\u0103, asem\u0103n\u0103toare unui poltergeist, care mut\u0103 mobila \u0219i face zgomot; unii Boggarts sunt de asemenea lega\u021bi de un loc anume, de exemplu de valea cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de Boggart Hole Clough, l\u00e2ng\u0103 Manchester.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spirite ale apelor: Jenny Greenteeth, Peg Powler, Grindylow, Asrai<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen multe comitate din nordul Angliei, adul\u021bii \u00eei avertizau pe copii cu ajutorul fiin\u021belor acvatice despre pericolele iazurilor \u0219i r\u00e2urilor. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/jenny-greenteeth\/\">Jenny Greenteeth<\/a>, numit\u0103 dup\u0103 stratul verde de linti\u021b\u0103 al apelor st\u0103t\u0103toare, \u0219i asem\u0103n\u0103torul <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/grindylow\/\">Grindylow<\/a> din Yorkshire \u0219i Lancashire tr\u0103geau, conform legendei, copiii neaten\u021bi sub ap\u0103.<\/p><p>Pe r\u00e2ul Tees din County Durham se povestea despre <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/peg-powler\/\">Peg Powler<\/a>, a c\u0103rei spum\u0103 verzuie de pe r\u00e2u era denumit\u0103 &#8222;s\u0103punul lui Peg Powler&#8221;. Mai bl\u00e2nd este <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/asrai\/\">Asrai<\/a>, o fiin\u021b\u0103 acvatic\u0103 timid\u0103 care, potrivit tradi\u021biei lui Ruth Tongue, se tope\u0219te \u00een lumina lunii de \u00eendat\u0103 ce este prins\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Clasificarea fiin\u021belor legendare: spirite solitare \u0219i tipuri func\u021bionale<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Folclorista Katharine Briggs a distins \u00een lucr\u0103rile sale de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre fiin\u021bele solitare, izolate, precum <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hob\/\">Hob<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/boggart\/\">Boggart<\/a>, \u0219i z\u00e2nele concepute mai degrab\u0103 \u00een grupuri din tradi\u021biile vecine sco\u021biano-irlandeze, o distinc\u021bie care se aplic\u0103 doar par\u021bial tradi\u021biei engleze, mai puternic marcate de figuri individuale.<\/p><p>\u00cen cadrul acestor figuri individuale se pot distinge \u00een linii mari trei tipuri func\u021bionale: spirite ajut\u0103toare \u0219i ale casei, precum Hob \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/spirit-vatra\/\">Lob-lie-by-the-Fire<\/a>, figuri de avertizare, precum c\u00e2inii negri \u0219i focurile r\u0103t\u0103citoare, \u0219i spirite ale apelor, precum <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/jenny-greenteeth\/\">Jenny Greenteeth<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/peg-powler\/\">Peg Powler<\/a>, ale c\u0103ror nara\u021biuni serveau \u00een primul r\u00e2nd descuraj\u0103rii apropierii de locuri periculoase. Aceast\u0103 sistematic\u0103 reprezint\u0103 o oper\u0103 de clasificare folkloristic\u0103 ulterioar\u0103, nu o categorie utilizat\u0103 de povestitori \u00een\u0219i\u0219i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-s-faq e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-sami-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-sami-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre folclorul englez<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-sami-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Ce este un Hob sau Boggart?<\/h3>\n<p>Hob este un spirit ajut\u0103tor al folclorului englez, legat de o cas\u0103 sau de o curte. Dac\u0103 este nesocotit sau dac\u0103 i se ofer\u0103 \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte, poate deveni, conform tradi\u021biei, imprevizibilul Boggart, asem\u0103n\u0103tor unui poltergeist.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce semnific\u0103 c\u00e2inii negri ai Angliei?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e2inii negri precum Black Shuck, Barghest \u0219i Padfoot sunt un motiv recurent al legendelor regionale engleze. Ei sunt considera\u021bi \u00een general apari\u021bii de r\u0103u augur, a c\u0103ror vedere ar vesti boala sau moartea.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce este Will-o-the-Wisp?<\/h3>\n<p>Will-o-the-Wisp desemneaz\u0103 focurile r\u0103t\u0103citoare de deasupra mla\u0219tinilor \u0219i zonelor umede, care apar \u00een denumiri regionale precum Hinkypunk, Lantern Man sau Hobby Lantern. Se spune c\u0103 abat c\u0103l\u0103torii de pe drumul sigur.<\/p>\n<h3>Cine a cules tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103?<\/h3>\n<p>Culeg\u0103tori precum William Henderson \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, precum \u0219i Katharine Briggs \u0219i Ruth Tongue \u00een secolul al XX-lea, au adunat pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een mod sistematic legendele comitatelor, transmise p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci doar oral, \u0219i le-au publicat \u00een lucr\u0103ri folkloristice de referin\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Ce este un Hob sau Boggart?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Hob este un spirit ajut\u0103tor al folclorului englez, legat de o cas\u0103 sau de o curte. Dac\u0103 este nesocotit sau dac\u0103 i se ofer\u0103 \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte, poate deveni, conform tradi\u021biei, imprevizibilul Boggart, asem\u0103n\u0103tor unui poltergeist.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Ce semnific\u0103 c\u00e2inii negri ai Angliei?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"C\u00e2inii negri precum Black Shuck, Barghest \u0219i Padfoot sunt un motiv recurent al legendelor regionale engleze. Ei sunt considera\u021bi \u00een general apari\u021bii de r\u0103u augur, a c\u0103ror vedere ar vesti boala sau moartea.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Ce este Will-o-the-Wisp?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Will-o-the-Wisp desemneaz\u0103 focurile r\u0103t\u0103citoare de deasupra mla\u0219tinilor \u0219i zonelor umede, care apar \u00een denumiri regionale precum Hinkypunk, Lantern Man sau Hobby Lantern. Se spune c\u0103 abat c\u0103l\u0103torii de pe drumul sigur.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Cine a cules tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Culeg\u0103tori precum William Henderson \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, precum \u0219i Katharine Briggs \u0219i Ruth Tongue \u00een secolul al XX-lea, au adunat pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een mod sistematic legendele comitatelor, transmise p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci doar oral, \u0219i le-au publicat \u00een lucr\u0103ri folkloristice de referin\u021b\u0103.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Focuri r\u0103t\u0103citoare: Will-o-the-Wisp, Hinkypunk \u0219i Lantern Man<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De-a lungul mla\u0219tinilor \u0219i zonelor umede, comitatele engleze relateaz\u0103 de secole despre focuri r\u0103t\u0103citoare menite s\u0103 abat\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103torii de pe c\u0103rare. Denumirea generic\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/foc-ratacitor\/\">Will-o-the-Wisp<\/a> coexist\u0103 cu denumiri regionale precum <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hinkypunk\/\">Hinkypunk<\/a>, cunoscut \u00een Somerset \u0219i Devon, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/lumina-ratacitoare\/\">Lantern Man<\/a> din estul Angliei, din zona Fens, precum \u0219i \u00eenruditul <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hobby-lantern\/\">Hobby Lantern<\/a> din Suffolk \u0219i Norfolk.<\/p><p>\u00cen Cornwall, motivul s-a asociat cu figura <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/joan-the-wad\/\">Joan the Wad<\/a>, o figur\u0103 luminoas\u0103 prezentat\u0103 ca regin\u0103 a Piskie-lor, care \u00een secolul al XX-lea a devenit un motiv popular de talisman al norocului. Unele colec\u021bii regionale mai cunosc \u0219i alte denumiri de lumini, precum <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/pinket\/\">Pyne<\/a>, atestat \u00een anumite surse.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e2ini negri: Black Shuck, Barghest, Padfoot<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cel mai cunoscut c\u00e2ine negru este <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/black-shuck\/\">Black Shuck<\/a> din East Anglia, a c\u0103rui apari\u021bie din 1577 \u00een bisericile din Bungay \u0219i Blythburgh a fost consemnat\u0103 \u00een scris de Abraham Fleming. \u00cen Yorkshire, fiin\u021ba comparabil\u0103 poart\u0103 numele <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/barghest\/\">Barghest<\/a>, iar \u00een Leeds numele <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/padfoot\/\">Padfoot<\/a>, al c\u0103rui sunet \u00eenfundat al pa\u0219ilor i-a dat numele.<\/p><p>\u00cenrudit este motivul <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/gabriel-hounds\/\">Gabriel Hounds<\/a>, o hait\u0103 de c\u00e2ini auzit\u0103 pe cerul nop\u021bii, al c\u0103rei l\u0103trat era considerat, \u00een tradi\u021bia nordului Angliei, un semn prevestitor de nenorocire, precum \u0219i figura luminoas\u0103 a copilului cunoscut drept <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baiat-luminos\/\">Radiant Boy<\/a> din Cumbria, asociat\u0103 cu Corby Castle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alte figuri fantomatice: Silkie, motive de strigoi \u0219i varia\u021bie local\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 spiritele casei \u0219i ale apelor, folclorul englez cunoa\u0219te figuri fantomatice legate de un loc anume, precum <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/silkie\/\">Silkie<\/a> din Black Heddon \u00een Northumberland, o apari\u021bie \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een m\u0103tase fo\u0219nitoare, care oscileaz\u0103 \u00eentre spirit \u0219i fiin\u021b\u0103 z\u00e2nic\u0103. Astfel de figuri arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de permeabile erau grani\u021bele dintre spiritele casei, spiritele de avertizare \u0219i apari\u021biile celor deceda\u021bi \u00een tradi\u021bia oral\u0103.<\/p><p>Odat\u0103 cu industrializarea \u0219i exodul rural din secolul al XIX-lea, multe dintre aceste nara\u021biuni locale \u0219i-au pierdut cadrul practic de referin\u021b\u0103. Colec\u021biile lui Henderson, Briggs \u0219i Tongue le-au p\u0103strat \u00eenainte ca ele s\u0103 dispar\u0103 cu totul din transmiterea oral\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d9a92a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d9a92a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2515827f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2515827f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Un mozaic de comitate \u00een locul unui panteon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25cbddf2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25cbddf2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp240cdc6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp240cdc6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Spre deosebire de mitologia nordic\u0103 sau greac\u0103, Anglia nu posed\u0103 un panteon coerent, fixat \u00een scris. Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103 a constat \u00een schimb dintr-o multitudine de nara\u021biuni locale care variau de la un comitat la altul, uneori de la un sat la altul.<\/p><p>Un spirit al casei care \u00een Yorkshire se nume\u0219te Hob poate ap\u0103rea \u00eentr-un alt comitat sub un alt nume, cu tr\u0103s\u0103turi u\u0219or diferite. Acela\u0219i lucru este valabil pentru c\u00e2inii negri \u0219i focurile r\u0103t\u0103citoare, ale c\u0103ror nume \u0219i detalii se schimb\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de regiune, \u00een timp ce modelul narativ de baz\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne intact.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 diversitate \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 orice sistematizare. Din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor \u0219i a folkloristicii, mai adecvat\u0103 dec\u00e2t c\u0103utarea unui &#8222;panteon englez&#8221; unitar este descrierea tipurilor recurente de fiin\u021be, care au fost configurate diferit \u00een func\u021bie de regiune.<\/p><p>Culeg\u0103torii din secolul al XIX-lea s-au confruntat tocmai cu aceast\u0103 provocare: trebuiau s\u0103 decid\u0103 dac\u0103 \u0219i cum s\u0103 ordoneze nenum\u0103ratele variante locale \u00een categorii mai largi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b1a3dae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b1a3dae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp282c06ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp282c06ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spirite ale casei \u0219i ale focului: de la Hob la Boggart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp228b4522 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp228b4522\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp261454c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp261454c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Printre cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite figuri ale folclorului englez se num\u0103r\u0103 spiritele casei \u0219i ale focului, legate de un loc anume, de obicei o ferm\u0103. Hob era considerat un ajutor harnic, dar timid, care noaptea cur\u0103\u021ba grajdurile sau treiera cerealele, at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t locuitorii \u00eel tratau cu respect \u0219i \u00eei preg\u0103teau un mic dar, adesea lapte sau terci.<\/p><p>Un motiv recurent este regula de a nu-i oferi niciodat\u0103 \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte lui Hob: cine o \u00eenc\u0103lca pierdea, conform nara\u021biunii, ajutorul pentru totdeauna, deoarece acesta \u00een\u021belegea darul ca pe o demisie din slujba sa. Aceast\u0103 structur\u0103 narativ\u0103 apare, cu varia\u021biuni, \u00een numeroase comitate engleze.<\/p><p>Dac\u0103 un spirit al casei era insultat, ignorat sau dac\u0103 locuitorii casei se schimbau, putea, conform tradi\u021biei, s\u0103-\u0219i schimbe caracterul \u0219i s\u0103 devin\u0103 sup\u0103r\u0103tor sau chiar amenin\u021b\u0103tor ca Boggart, sp\u0103rg\u00e2nd vesela, tr\u00e2ntind u\u0219ile, speriind animalele. Se spune c\u0103 unele familii \u0219i-au abandonat locuin\u021ba pentru a sc\u0103pa de Boggart, un motiv care se repet\u0103 \u00een mai multe legende din nordul Angliei.<\/p><p>Aceste nara\u021biuni pot fi interpretate din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor ca expresie a unei credin\u021be \u00een spiritele casei, care negocia simbolic ordinea, h\u0103rnicia \u0219i respectul reciproc dintre om \u0219i clocotarul invizibil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp295547c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp295547c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28944fb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28944fb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sursele: de la legenda oral\u0103 la folkloristica secolului al XIX-lea<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d59da4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d59da4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ce157b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ce157b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103 a fost transmis\u0103 timp de secole aproape exclusiv oral, adesea de la membrii mai v\u00e2rstnici ai familiei la copii, \u00een \u0219ez\u0103tori sau l\u00e2ng\u0103 foc. Consemn\u0103rile scrise au ap\u0103rut relativ t\u00e2rziu \u0219i au r\u0103mas mult\u0103 vreme izolate, de exemplu \u00een predici care avertizau \u00eempotriva practicilor &#8222;supersti\u021bioase&#8221;.<\/p><p>O excep\u021bie timpurie este relatarea despre apari\u021bia lui Black Shuck \u00een bisericile din Bungay \u0219i Blythburgh, consemnat\u0103 \u00een scris \u00eenc\u0103 din 1577 de preotul Abraham Fleming. Mai sistematic, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transmiterea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i a nara\u021biunilor de-a lungul genera\u021biilor.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u021bia<\/span> a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie \u00eenregistrat\u0103 abia \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, c\u00e2nd William Henderson a prezentat \u00een 1866 una dintre primele mari colec\u021bii regionale, Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England.<\/p><p>Folklore Society, \u00eenfiin\u021bat\u0103 \u00een 1878, a profesionalizat \u00een continuare aceast\u0103 activitate de culegere. \u00cen secolul al XX-lea, Katharine Briggs cu A Dictionary of British Folk-Tales \u00een patru volume \u0219i A Dictionary of Fairies, precum \u0219i Ruth Tongue cu Forgotten Folk-Tales of the English Counties, au continuat aceast\u0103 munc\u0103 \u0219i au salvat numeroase nara\u021biuni care altfel s-ar fi pierdut.<\/p><p>Aceste colec\u021bii sunt ele \u00eensele interpret\u0103ri: culeg\u0103torii au selectat, ordonat \u0219i armonizat variantele orale, motiv pentru care cercetarea actual\u0103 distinge \u00eentotdeauna \u00eentre diversitatea oral\u0103 originar\u0103 \u0219i fixarea ei \u00een scris.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c009332 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c009332\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp225c94da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp225c94da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Industrializare, exod rural \u0219i t\u0103cerea legendelor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c7191ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c7191ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23f4061d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp23f4061d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103 era str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de un mod de via\u021b\u0103 rural, agrar: spiritele casei p\u0103zeau fermele, spiritele apelor avertizau despre iazuri periculoase, focurile r\u0103t\u0103citoare despre mla\u0219tini. Odat\u0103 cu industrializarea din secolele al XVIII-lea \u0219i al XIX-lea \u0219i cu exodul rural care a urmat, acest mod de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i-a pierdut importan\u021ba anterioar\u0103.<\/p><p>Via\u021ba urban\u0103, calea ferat\u0103 \u0219i, mai t\u00e2rziu, lumina electric\u0103 au f\u0103cut ca multe dintre vechile povestiri de avertizare s\u0103-\u0219i piard\u0103 sensul practic, la care a contribuit \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea tot mai mare a educa\u021biei \u0219colare \u0219i a explica\u021biilor \u0219tiin\u021belor naturii. \u00cen multe regiuni, nara\u021biunile au c\u0103zut astfel \u00een uitare, tocmai la timp \u00eenainte ca culeg\u0103torii secolului al XIX-lea s\u0103 le consemneze.<\/p><p>\u00cen secolul al XX-lea, folcloristele precum Katharine Briggs \u0219i Ruth Tongue s-au dedicat \u00een mod special salv\u0103rii tradi\u021biilor orale \u00eenc\u0103 vii, dar amenin\u021bate, adesea \u00een dialog cu ultimii purt\u0103tori ai acestor cuno\u0219tin\u021be din \u021binuturile \u00eendep\u0103rtate.<\/p><p>Ast\u0103zi aceste figuri subzist\u0103 \u00een principal \u00een form\u0103 scris\u0103, \u00een culegeri, nume de locuri \u0219i o valorificare turistic\u0103, precum \u00een cazul lui Joan the Wad. Nu se mai poate vorbi de o practic\u0103 religioas\u0103 vie \u00een sensul originar, ci de o memorie cultural\u0103 p\u0103strat\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fiin\u021be ale acestei tradi\u021bii (20)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-gc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-gc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-grid elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-grid\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/peg-powler\/\" aria-label=\"Peg Powler\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_englisch_peg-powler-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Peg Powler\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Peg Powler<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/jenny-greenteeth\/\" aria-label=\"Jenny Greenteeth\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_englisch_jenny-greenteeth-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Jenny Greenteeth\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Jenny Greenteeth<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/grindylow\/\" aria-label=\"Grindylow\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_englisch_grindylow-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Grindylow\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Grindylow<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/asrai\/\" aria-label=\"Asrai\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_asrai-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Asrai\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Asrai<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/foc-ratacitor\/\" aria-label=\"Will-o\u2019-the-wisp\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_will-o-the-wisp-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Will-o\u2019-the-wisp\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Will-o\u2019-the-wisp<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/baiat-luminos\/\" aria-label=\"Radiant Boy\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_radiant-boy-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Radiant Boy\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Radiant Boy<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/padfoot\/\" aria-label=\"Padfoot\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_padfoot-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Padfoot\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Padfoot<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/gabriel-hounds\/\" aria-label=\"Gabriel Hounds\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_gabriel-hounds-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Gabriel Hounds\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Gabriel Hounds<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/black-shuck\/\" aria-label=\"Black Shuck\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_black-shuck-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Black Shuck\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Black Shuck<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/barghest\/\" aria-label=\"Barghest\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_barghest-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Barghest\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Barghest<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/pinket\/\" aria-label=\"Pinket\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_pyne-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Pinket\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Pinket<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/lumina-ratacitoare\/\" aria-label=\"Lantern Man\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_lantern-man-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Lantern Man\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Lantern Man<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/joan-the-wad\/\" aria-label=\"Joan the Wad\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_joan-the-wad-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Joan the Wad\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Joan the Wad<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hobby-lantern\/\" aria-label=\"Hobby Lantern\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_hobby-lantern-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Hobby Lantern\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Hobby Lantern<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hinkypunk\/\" aria-label=\"Hinkypunk\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_hinkypunk-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Hinkypunk\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Hinkypunk<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/silkie\/\" aria-label=\"Silkie\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_silkie-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Silkie\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Silkie<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/spirit-vatra\/\" aria-label=\"Lob Lie-by-the-Fire\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_lob-lie-by-the-fire-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Lob Lie-by-the-Fire\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Lob Lie-by-the-Fire<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hobgoblin\/\" aria-label=\"Hobgoblin\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_hobgoblin-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Hobgoblin\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Hobgoblin<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/hob\/\" aria-label=\"Hob\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_hob-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Hob\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Hob<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/boggart\/\" aria-label=\"Boggart\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_englisch_boggart-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Boggart\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Boggart<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 Spre fiin\u021b\u0103<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradi\u021bia englez\u0103 a <em>spiritelor casei \u0219i ale focului<\/em> une\u0219te Hob, Boggart \u0219i Lob-lie-by-the-Fire \u00eentr-o practic\u0103 distinct\u0103 de protec\u021bie \u00een jurul vetrei \u0219i al gospod\u0103riei, \u00een timp ce apari\u021biile cunoscute drept <em>c\u00e2inii negri ai Angliei<\/em>, precum Black Shuck \u0219i Barghest, sunt considerate \u00een folclorul comitatelor figuri de avertizare \u00eempotriva nenorocirilor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termeni-cheie \u00eenrudi\u021bi: Hob Boggart Black Shuck Barghest Padfoot Will-o-the-Wisp comitat folclor Fen mla\u0219tin\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-sami\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obiecte de protec\u021bie \u00een aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie cultural\u0103<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Folclorul englez cunoa\u0219te <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/fier-si-fier-rece\/\">fierul<\/a> ca mijloc tradi\u021bional de ap\u0103rare \u00eempotriva lui Boggart \u0219i a altor spirite, potcoave deasupra pragului u\u0219ii, precum \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/clopotele-ca-protectie\/\">clopotele<\/a> \u0219i zgomotul pentru alungarea apari\u021biilor nedorite; dimpotriv\u0103, ofrandele de lapte \u0219i p\u00e2ine serveau \u00eembl\u00e2nzirii spiritelor binevoitoare ale casei, precum Hob. Astfel de obiceiuri sunt atestate din punct de vedere cultural-istoric \u0219i nu trebuie \u00een\u021belese ca efecte de protec\u021bie verificate. O prezentare de ansamblu a formelor de protec\u021bie din diverse culturi ofer\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/ro\/busola-protectiei\/\">Busola protec\u021biei<\/a>.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se \u00eenscrie \u00een aceast\u0103 linie cultural-istoric\u0103 a obiectelor de protec\u021bie purtabile, \u00eentr-o arhitectur\u0103 contemporan\u0103 de materiale, fabricat \u00een Germania. 41 de straturi, aur veritabil, platin\u0103, argint. Drept de returnare \u00een termen de 30 de zile.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mai multe despre iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Experien\u021bele personale pot varia. Nu este un dispozitiv medical. Nu constituie o promisiune terapeutic\u0103.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nu este un dispozitiv medical<\/strong> \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te un tratament medical sau psihoterapeutic. Con\u021binuturile din perspectiva \u0219tiin\u021bei religiilor reprezint\u0103 o \u00eencadrare cultural-istoric\u0103, nu o recomandare de practic\u0103 spiritual\u0103.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Folclorul englez, spiritele casei \u0219i c\u00e2inii negri ai comitatelor Tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103 nu a ap\u0103rut ca un sistem unitar, ci ca un mozaic de nara\u021biuni locale: fiecare comitat, adesea fiecare sat, cuno\u0219tea propriile spirite, spirite ale apelor \u0219i semne de avertizare. Abia culeg\u0103torii secolului al XIX-lea, stimula\u021bi de fra\u021bii Grimm \u0219i de folkloristica aflat\u0103 \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20189,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"folclor englez","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Folclor englez: spirite ale casei, focuri r\u0103t\u0103citoare, c\u00e2ini","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hob, Boggart \u0219i Black Shuck: spirite ale casei, focuri r\u0103t\u0103citoare \u0219i spirite ale apelor \u00een tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 englez\u0103.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-102545","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 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