{"id":14665,"date":"2026-04-21T09:29:43","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T09:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/keres-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-18T11:22:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T11:22:23","slug":"keres","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/pt-pt\/keres\/","title":{"rendered":"Keres"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"14665\" class=\"elementor elementor-14665 elementor-841\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres, esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Keres \u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser incorp\u00f3reo ao qual se atribui a\u00e7\u00e3o no mundo.\" tabindex=\"0\">Esp\u00edrito<\/span> da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega.<\/p><p><strong>Dem\u00f3nios do campo de batalha, mensageiros da morte da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas transmitidas sobre os deuses de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mitologia<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-keres\">Keres no campo de batalha de Hesiod<\/h2>\n<p>As Keres s\u00e3o <strong>dem\u00f3nios do campo de batalha<\/strong> da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas transmitidas sobre os deuses de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span> grega, que segundo Hesiod (Escudo de H\u00e9racles 248-257; Teogonia 211) fazem parte da fam\u00edlia de Nyx, a par de Thanatos e Hypnos. S\u00e3o negras, com garras compridas e dentes afiados, com vestes ensanguentadas, pairam sobre campos de batalha e arrancam as almas dos guerreiros moribundos.<\/p><p>Ao contr\u00e1rio das Er\u00ednias, n\u00e3o perseguem transgress\u00f5es de ordem moral ou jur\u00eddica, mas encarnam a <strong>viol\u00eancia estat\u00edstica da guerra<\/strong>. No <em>Escudo de H\u00e9racles<\/em> disputam cad\u00e1veres como aves de rapina.<\/p><p>Na <strong>narrativa de Pandora<\/strong>, as Keres escapam da jarra aberta por Pandora como esp\u00edritos da doen\u00e7a e do mal, a par de fadigas, preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es e enfermidades. Paus\u00e2nias relata imagens de templos que mostram as Keres como figuras noturnas esquel\u00e9ticas e famintas. Figuras afins: Moirai (fiadeiras do destino), Eris (disc\u00f3rdia), Achlys (n\u00e9voa da morte).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esp\u00edrito: Entidade incorp\u00f3rea ou semicorp\u00f3rea, falecidos, seres da natureza, esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos ou guardi\u00f5es de limiares. Age na vida quotidiana, frequentemente ligado a lugares ou fam\u00edlias.\">Esp\u00edrito<\/span><a href=\"\/pt-pt\/griechenland\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00e3o e mitologia da Gr\u00e9cia antiga, desde o per\u00edodo mic\u00e9nico at\u00e9 \u00e0 Antiguidade Tardia.\">Gr\u00e9cia<\/a><a href=\"\/pt-pt\/espiritos-dos-mortos\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Falecidos cujos esp\u00edritos continuam a agir no mundo dos vivos, esp\u00edritos dom\u00e9sticos, antepassados, mortos sem repouso.\">Esp\u00edrito dos mortos<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-134196\" alt=\"Keres - esp\u00edritos da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega, ilustra\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_keres.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As Keres s\u00e3o as dem\u00f3nias da morte da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega. Aparecem geralmente em grupo, surgem sobre campos de batalha e recolhem as almas dos moribundos. J\u00e1 Homero as descreve na Il\u00edada; Hesiod fixa a sua <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina que estuda os conte\u00fados das imagens e o seu significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span>. Ao contr\u00e1rio de figuras com nome individual, as Keres s\u00e3o em grande medida an\u00f3nimas \u2013 uma classe, n\u00e3o um ser.<\/p><p>T\u00edpica \u00e9 a sua apari\u00e7\u00e3o onde a morte ocorre de forma s\u00fabita e violenta: na guerra, durante epidemias, em trag\u00e9dias e cat\u00e1strofes. Personificam a morte violenta em si mesma, e o seu n\u00famero e forma variam em conformidade. Na rece\u00e7\u00e3o da Antiguidade Tardia aproximam-se das Er\u00ednias; alguns autores utilizam os termos de forma intercambi\u00e1vel.<\/p><div><p><strong>As Keres na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Conce\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a estrutura e a ordem do mundo no seio de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmologia<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p> hom\u00e9rica. Em Homero, <em>Il\u00edada<\/em> 18.535, as Keres s\u00e3o descritas como entidades demon\u00edacas que pairam sobre os campos de batalha e arrebatam a vida dos mortais. N\u00e3o s\u00e3o divindades dotadas de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das pr\u00e1ticas de venera\u00e7\u00e3o religiosa dedicadas a uma divindade ou figura sagrada.\" tabindex=\"0\">culto<\/span> pr\u00f3prio, mas for\u00e7as instrumentais, tend\u00eancias personalizadas para a morte e para a perdi\u00e7\u00e3o. Homero nomeia-as sempre de forma coletiva, nunca no singular: agem em enxame, e a sua presen\u00e7a significa perigo de morte imediato.<\/p><p>As <em>Obras e os Dias<\/em> e a <em>Teogonia<\/em> de Hesiod classificam-nas como filhas da noite, aparentadas com Ker (a fun\u00e7\u00e3o da morte no singular). Nesta \u00e9pica primitiva s\u00e3o ainda sem forma definida, mais abstra\u00e7\u00e3o do que apari\u00e7\u00e3o. A sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 cosmicamente necess\u00e1ria: encarnam o limiar entre a vida e a morte.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil breve: Keres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> dem\u00f3nias da morte, coletoras de almas<br>Origem: Nyx (a noite), Hesiod; ou dos tempos primordiais da cria\u00e7\u00e3o<br>Textos: Homero, Hesiod, pintura de vasos<br>Per\u00edodo: do arcaico \u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca de transi\u00e7\u00e3o entre a Antiguidade e a Idade M\u00e9dia, aproximadamente entre os s\u00e9culos III e VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguidade Tardia<\/span><br>Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o: espa\u00e7o cultural grego<br>Prote\u00e7\u00e3o: ritos funer\u00e1rios; nenhuma magia de prote\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica, pois as Keres surgem onde a morte j\u00e1 est\u00e1 presente<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Per\u00edodo dos textos<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Primeira men\u00e7\u00e3o em Homero (Il\u00edada). Hesiod (Teogonia, Escudo de H\u00e9racles) desenvolve a sua <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Disciplina que estuda os conte\u00fados das imagens e o seu significado.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconografia<\/span>. Os tragedi\u00f3grafos utilizam-nas como met\u00e1foras visuais da morte. No per\u00edodo cl\u00e1ssico tardio e helen\u00edstico aproximam-se das Er\u00ednias na literatura.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1rea de difus\u00e3o<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00facleo territorial grego. Sem hist\u00f3ria de migra\u00e7\u00e3o aut\u00f3noma; o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um elemento tem\u00e1tico recorrente na arte ou na narrativa.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivo<\/span> permanece ligado \u00e0 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo das gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> hom\u00e9rico-hesi\u00f3dica, mas prolonga-se tematicamente at\u00e9 \u00e0 literatura romana e bizantina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estado das fontes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Literatura \u00e9pica e tr\u00e1gica; descri\u00e7\u00f5es no &#8216;Escudo de H\u00e9racles&#8217; de Hesiod; iconograficamente na pintura de vasos. Ao contr\u00e1rio do que sucede com Lamia ou Empusa, n\u00e3o existe uma cultura popular de amuletos m\u00e1gicos contra elas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nome e variantes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Grego:<\/strong> <em>\u039a\u03ae\u03c1<\/em> (Ker, singular), <em>\u039a\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> (Keres, plural).<br>Etimologia: associado a termos que significam &#8216;perdi\u00e7\u00e3o&#8217;, &#8216;golpe do destino&#8217;.<\/p><p>Na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca das culturas grega e romana, aproximadamente de 800 a.C. a 600 d.C.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguidade<\/span>, o n\u00famero oscila. Em Hesiod s\u00e3o incont\u00e1veis e male\u00e1veis; os tragedi\u00f3grafos utilizam &#8216;Ker&#8217; tamb\u00e9m metaforicamente para designar a pr\u00f3pria morte. N\u00e3o existe uma figura individual com nome e biografia; as Keres permanecem uma classe an\u00f3nima.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Descri\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Apar\u00eancia<\/strong><\/p><p>Mulheres aladas com vestes escuras, longos dentes caninos e garras ensanguentadas. Hesiod descreve os seus dentes como brancos e os seus olhos como reluzentes. Aparecem em grupo, frequentemente a circular sobre campos de batalha.<\/p><p><strong>Comportamento<\/strong><\/p><p>Recolhem as almas dos moribundos, bebem o seu sangue, disputam cad\u00e1veres. Ao contr\u00e1rio de Thanatos, que traz uma morte serena, as Keres s\u00e3o figuras de uma morte violenta, sangrenta e ca\u00f3tica.<\/p><p><strong>Dom\u00ednio de a\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p><p>Campos de batalha, locais de peste, cat\u00e1strofes. Agem onde os seres humanos morrem em massa e de forma violenta. Em tempos de paz est\u00e3o em grande medida ausentes.<\/p><p><strong>Origem mitol\u00f3gica<\/strong><\/p><p>Em Hesiod, filhas de Nyx, irm\u00e3s das Moirai e de Thanatos. Algumas tradi\u00e7\u00f5es fazem delas emana\u00e7\u00f5es do Caos. Em ambos os casos pertencem \u00e0 camada arcaica e noturna da cria\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><div><p><strong>As Keres e os conceitos de perdi\u00e7\u00e3o em Plat\u00e3o e na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O estudo cient\u00edfico de Deus e da cren\u00e7a de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p> helen\u00edstica. Plat\u00e3o n\u00e3o utiliza diretamente as Keres nos seus di\u00e1logos, mas o conceito dos esp\u00edritos ct\u00f3nicos da perdi\u00e7\u00e3o molda a sua hierarquia de dem\u00f3nios. Na <em>Politeia<\/em>, os esp\u00edritos inferiores s\u00e3o classificados como executores da ordem c\u00f3smica, \u00e0 semelhan\u00e7a das Keres.<\/p><p>A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O estudo cient\u00edfico de Deus e da cren\u00e7a de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologia<\/span> helen\u00edstica, especialmente na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00f3rfica e neoplat\u00f3nica, diferenciava entre divindades superiores e pot\u00eancias demon\u00edacas inferiores, entre as quais as Keres figuravam como dem\u00f3nios da morte.<\/p><p>Deixaram de ser entendidas como meros atributos hom\u00e9ricos do campo de batalha, passando a ser uma classe ontol\u00f3gica genu\u00edna: seres que intermediavam entre deuses e homens, com fun\u00e7\u00f5es especializadas no metabolismo da vida e da morte. Nesta perspetiva, as Keres tornaram-se exemplos da divis\u00e3o demi\u00fargica do mundo: cada for\u00e7a tinha o seu nicho cosmol\u00f3gico.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perfil: Keres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os aspetos mais importantes das Keres num relance. O desenvolvimento relativo ao nome, descri\u00e7\u00e3o, prote\u00e7\u00e3o e paralelos encontra-se nas sec\u00e7\u00f5es seguintes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A origem das Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Filhas de Nyx, a noite. Irm\u00e3s das Moirai e de Thanatos, pertencentes \u00e0 camada arcaica e noturna da cria\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O p\u00fablico-alvo das Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Soldados, doentes de peste, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Oferta a uma divindade para expressar gratid\u00e3o, s\u00faplica ou venera\u00e7\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u00edtimas<\/span> de desgra\u00e7a e cat\u00e1strofe. Surgem onde a morte \u00e9 violenta e s\u00fabita.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A apari\u00e7\u00e3o das Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mulheres aladas, vestes escuras, longos dentes caninos, garras ensanguentadas. Em grupo, frequentemente a circular sobre campos de batalha.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A a\u00e7\u00e3o das Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recolhem almas, bebem sangue, disputam cad\u00e1veres. N\u00e3o trazem uma morte nova, mas consomem a que j\u00e1 ocorreu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A defesa contra as Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nenhuma magia de prote\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica; as Keres s\u00e3o parte da pr\u00f3pria morte. A prote\u00e7\u00e3o oferece-se apenas pela evita\u00e7\u00e3o do campo de batalha, do local de peste e da situa\u00e7\u00e3o violenta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralelos das Keres<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Er\u00ednias (transi\u00e7\u00e3o fluida), Valkyrjar (germ\u00e2nicas), Gall\u00fb (mesopot\u00e2micas), Tzitzimime (aztecas), motivos da figura da Morte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Demonologia no quotidiano<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituais de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p><p>Keres individuais n\u00e3o s\u00e3o interpeladas nem afastadas; pertencem \u00e0 morte, que n\u00e3o \u00e9 negoci\u00e1vel. O que \u00e9 ritualmente importante \u00e9 o enterramento correto e o lamento f\u00fanebre \u2013 eles regulam o que as Keres n\u00e3o regulam: a dignidade da despedida.<\/p><p><strong>Evoca\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/p><p>Nenhuma evoca\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica contra as Keres. Em papiros de magia e defixiones, &#8216;Keres&#8217; pode surgir como termo para o infort\u00fanio de uma f\u00f3rmula de maldi\u00e7\u00e3o, mas n\u00e3o como destinat\u00e1rios individuais.<\/p><p><strong>Amuletos e s\u00edmbolos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p><p>Prote\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9rica contra a morte atrav\u00e9s de apotropaia (Gorgoneion, falo, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cren\u00e7a generalizada de que o olhar invejoso de outra pessoa pode causar dano.\" tabindex=\"0\">mau-olhado<\/span>). Faltam amuletos espec\u00edficos para as Keres. A prote\u00e7\u00e3o adv\u00e9m mais da evita\u00e7\u00e3o das situa\u00e7\u00f5es em que as Keres aparecem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keres, paralelos noutras culturas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Roma:<\/strong> As Dirae\/Furiae assumem o aspeto vingativo, enquanto as Keres como figuras puramente associadas \u00e0 morte est\u00e3o menos presentes no <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das divindades de uma religi\u00e3o ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00e3o<\/span> romano. Em seu lugar, Mors (a morte) assume individualmente essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p><strong>Tradi\u00e7\u00e3o germ\u00e2nica:<\/strong> As Valqu\u00edrias recolhem os ca\u00eddos do campo de batalha. Estruturalmente muito pr\u00f3ximas, mas inseridas num quadro teol\u00f3gico diferente.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopot\u00e2mia e al\u00e9m:<\/strong> Os executores do submundo, os Gall\u00fb, s\u00e3o funcionalmente afins, ainda que num quadro m\u00edtico completamente distinto. Em in\u00fameras culturas encontram-se mensageiros da morte que aparecem em grupo e recolhem almas.<\/p><div><p><strong>As Keres nos papiros de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pr\u00e1ticas que procuram intervir no curso dos acontecimentos atrav\u00e9s de a\u00e7\u00f5es ou f\u00f3rmulas especiais.\" tabindex=\"0\">magia<\/span> e na pr\u00e1tica m\u00e1gica<\/strong><\/p><p>Nos papiros de magia helen\u00edsticos (PGM) as Keres s\u00e3o raramente invocadas diretamente, mas o conceito de dem\u00f3nias da morte e da perdi\u00e7\u00e3o perpassa os textos de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"F\u00f3rmula verbal com a qual se pretende causar dano a uma pessoa ou coisa.\" tabindex=\"0\">maldi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> m\u00e1gica. Papiros que cont\u00eam maldi\u00e7\u00f5es de dilaceramento, secagem ou paralisia invocam frequentemente pot\u00eancias ct\u00f3nicas an\u00f3nimas, cuja fun\u00e7\u00e3o corresponde \u00e0 das Keres: separa\u00e7\u00e3o, destrui\u00e7\u00e3o, roubo da vitalidade.<\/p><p>Os papiros mostram que os magos da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca de transi\u00e7\u00e3o entre a Antiguidade e a Idade M\u00e9dia, aproximadamente entre os s\u00e9culos III e VII.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguidade Tardia<\/span> possu\u00edam uma teoria diferenciada das pot\u00eancias inferiores; nem todas eram malignas, mas todas eram especializadas. As Keres pertenciam \u00e0 classe das for\u00e7as necess\u00e1rias, que n\u00e3o precisavam de moral, pois o seu mandato provinha da arquitetura c\u00f3smica.<\/p><p>Um mago que desejava causar doen\u00e7a ou enfraquecer algu\u00e9m n\u00e3o invocava tais pot\u00eancias como inimigos, mas como instrumentos t\u00e9cnicos, cujo uso pressupunha justifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9tica.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8602301 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8602301\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7b7edad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7b7edad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">As Keren em Homero: a morte no campo de batalha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbfea484 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpbfea484\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74cc2f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp74cc2f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os testemunhos mais antigos e mais densos sobre as Keres prov\u00eam dos poemas \u00e9picos hom\u00e9ricos, sobretudo da <em>Il\u00edada<\/em>. A\u00ed as Keres n\u00e3o s\u00e3o personifica\u00e7\u00f5es abstratas, mas est\u00e3o estreitamente ligadas \u00e0 experi\u00eancia da morte violenta na guerra.<\/p><p>A palavra grega <em>k\u0113r<\/em> designa primeiramente o quinh\u00e3o de morte atribu\u00eddo a cada ser humano, a perdi\u00e7\u00e3o que o alcan\u00e7a. No plural, as Keres surgem ent\u00e3o como figuras fantasmag\u00f3ricas que provocam ou encarnam essa morte.<\/p><p>Uma passagem famosa \u00e9 a pesagem dos quinh\u00f5es de morte: Zeus coloca, no d\u00e9cimo nono canto da <em>Il\u00edada<\/em>, as Keres de Aquiles e de Heitor na sua balan\u00e7a, e o quinh\u00e3o mais pesado desce ao submundo, ficando assim decidida a morte de Heitor.<\/p><p>Aqui a Ker \u00e9 quase sin\u00f3nima do destino pessoal do her\u00f3i. Noutro passo, no d\u00e9cimo oitavo canto, aparece no escudo de Aquiles uma terr\u00edvel Ker no tumulto da batalha, de veste ensanguentada, a arrastar ca\u00eddos e feridos pelos p\u00e9s para fora do combate.<\/p><p>Destas passagens resulta uma imagem dupla. Por um lado, a Ker \u00e9 o destino individual de morte, fixado j\u00e1 no nascimento; Aquiles fala das duas Keres entre as quais pode escolher, uma vida curta e gloriosa ou uma vida longa e sem gl\u00f3ria. Por outro lado, as Keres s\u00e3o seres ativos e sedentos de sangue que vagueiam pelo campo de batalha.<\/p><p>A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o tem discutido longamente se est\u00e3o em causa duas conce\u00e7\u00f5es distintas ou se se trata de aspetos de uma s\u00f3. Muito aponta para que os Gregos pudessem experienciar a morte tanto como medida atribu\u00edda quanto como for\u00e7a agressora, sem nisto verem uma contradi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd673b2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbd673b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0a14da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0a14da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keren, Moiras e Thanatos: delimita\u00e7\u00e3o de poderes da morte afins<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp890fc3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp890fc3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp209632e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp209632e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No pensamento grego, as Keres situam-se ao lado de v\u00e1rias outras pot\u00eancias relacionadas com a morte e o destino, e a sua distin\u00e7\u00e3o precisa nem sempre foi clara para os autores antigos. A mais importante \u00e9 a distin\u00e7\u00e3o em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s <a href=\"\/pt-pt\/moiren\/\">Moirai<\/a>, as tr\u00eas fiadeiras do destino.<\/p><p>Enquanto as Moirai, em Hesiod e na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o posterior, atribuem, medem e cortam a medida da vida \u2013 encarnando assim o lado ordenador do destino \u2013, as Keres representam mais claramente o caso de morte concreto, frequentemente violento e funesto.<\/p><p>Hesiod aproxima na <em>Teogonia<\/em> ambas de Nyx, a noite, que as gera sem pai; na sua enumera\u00e7\u00e3o aparecem Keres, Moirai, Thanatos, Hypnos e outras figuras sombrias como irm\u00e3os.<\/p><p>Esta genealogia insere as Keres no lado noturno e inquietante do cosmos. De Thanatos, a personifica\u00e7\u00e3o serena da pr\u00f3pria morte, as Keres distinguem-se pelo seu car\u00e1ter ativo e predat\u00f3rio. Thanatos recolhe; as Keres arrebatam.<\/p><p>Na <em>Aspis<\/em>, o poema do escudo transmitido sob o nome de Hesiod, encontra-se uma descri\u00e7\u00e3o particularmente dr\u00e1stica: as Keres s\u00e3o a\u00ed descritas como azuladas e com dentes brancos arreganhados, a disputar os ca\u00eddos, a cravar-lhes as garras no corpo e a beber o sangue escuro.<\/p><p>Esta caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o vamp\u00edrica \u00e9 uma das mais detalhadas da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c9poca das culturas grega e romana, aproximadamente de 800 a.C. a 600 d.C.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiguidade<\/span>. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o assinalou que as Keres se aproximam assim ao m\u00e1ximo do que se imaginava serem dem\u00f3nios sugadores de sangue nos campos de batalha, e que \u00e9 precisamente por isso que se distinguem das Moirai, concebidas de forma mais nobre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe357717 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe357717\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d7b0d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d7b0d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A festa ateniense das Antest\u00e9rias e a expuls\u00e3o das Keren<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7d73762 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7d73762\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpba9eef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpba9eef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para al\u00e9m da poesia \u00e9pica, as Keres est\u00e3o ligadas ao calend\u00e1rio festivo ateniense, concretamente \u00e0s <em>Antest\u00e9rias<\/em>, uma festa primaveril em honra de Di\u00f3nisos no m\u00eas de Antesteri\u00e3o. A festa de tr\u00eas dias tinha um car\u00e1ter marcadamente ambivalente.<\/p><p>Celebrava o vinho novo, mas era ao mesmo tempo considerada uma \u00e9poca em que os mortos e esp\u00edritos inquietantes circulavam pela cidade. O \u00faltimo dia, as <em>Chytroi<\/em>, era dedicado aos falecidos e \u00e0s pot\u00eancias ct\u00f3nicas.<\/p><p>Da <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo das gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> antiga, sobretudo de lexic\u00f3grafos e esc\u00f3lios posteriores, \u00e9 conhecida a express\u00e3o: &#8216;Sa\u00ed, Keres, as Antest\u00e9rias terminaram.&#8217; Ela era ao que parece proferida no final da festa para expulsar das casas e da cidade os esp\u00edritos admitidos ou tolerados durante o per\u00edodo festivo.<\/p><p>Algumas fontes leem, em vez de &#8216;Keres&#8217;, tamb\u00e9m &#8216;Kares&#8217;, ou seja, C\u00e1rios, o que conduziu a interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es divergentes. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es, como nos trabalhos cl\u00e1ssicos de Erwin Rohde e Jane Harrison, discutiu intensamente esta passagem.<\/p><p>Se a leitura &#8216;Keres&#8217; estiver correta, obt\u00e9m-se uma conclus\u00e3o importante: as Keres n\u00e3o eram apenas figuras liter\u00e1rias da epopeia, mas parte da pr\u00e1tica ritual vivida. Durante as Antest\u00e9rias as ombreiras das portas eram untadas com pez e respeitavam-se determinados costumes que enquadravam o per\u00edodo festivo inquietante.<\/p><p>As Keres surgem aqui como uma classe aberta de esp\u00edritos dos mortos e pot\u00eancias do infort\u00fanio, que se toleravam por um tempo limitado e depois se expulsavam <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pertencente a uma sequ\u00eancia de a\u00e7\u00f5es religiosas codificada.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualmente<\/span>. As Keres inserem-se assim no amplo c\u00edrculo de representa\u00e7\u00f5es gregas sobre esp\u00edritos que, em \u00e9pocas liminares do ano, penetram no mundo humano e t\u00eam de ser novamente banidos por um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uma sequ\u00eancia regulada de a\u00e7\u00f5es simb\u00f3licas com significado religioso ou cultural.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> estabelecido.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa2f747d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa2f747d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe0b90e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe0b90e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alargamento do conceito: Keren como dem\u00f3nios da doen\u00e7a e do infort\u00fanio<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp33e1509 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp33e1509\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11c849e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp11c849e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na literatura p\u00f3s-hom\u00e9rica, o conceito de Ker alarga-se para al\u00e9m da morte no campo de batalha. Em Hesiod e em textos posteriores, <em>k\u0113r<\/em> pode designar qualquer forma de perdi\u00e7\u00e3o: doen\u00e7a, velhice, fome, loucura, todo o mal que acomete o ser humano. As Keres tornam-se assim uma categoria abrangente para tudo o que abrevia, danifica e encerra a vida.<\/p><p>Esta amplia\u00e7\u00e3o de significado \u00e9 particularmente evidente na narrativa de Pandora. Do recipiente aberto que Pandora traz em Hesiod, os males escapam sobre a humanidade; na interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o antiga, estas pragas eram frequentemente identificadas com as Keres ou colocadas na sua proximidade.<\/p><p>Tamb\u00e9m na arte figurativa aparecem figuras aladas associadas \u00e0 doen\u00e7a e \u00e0 morte, relacionadas com as Keres, ainda que a atribui\u00e7\u00e3o iconogr\u00e1fica permane\u00e7a frequentemente incerta, porque Keres, <a href=\"\/pt-pt\/erinyen\/\">Er\u00ednias<\/a>, Harpias e Sereias se sobrep\u00f5em nas representa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p><p>Esta abertura conceptual \u00e9 central para a compreens\u00e3o das Keres. Nunca foram um <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das divindades de uma religi\u00e3o ou cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">pante\u00e3o<\/span> claramente delimitado, com nomes e fun\u00e7\u00f5es fixos, como o eram, por exemplo, os doze deuses ol\u00edmpicos.<\/p><p>A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o descreve as Keres mais como uma categoria conceptual: a multiplicidade personificada das formas de morte e dos males da vida. Precisamente esta indetermina\u00e7\u00e3o tornou-as \u00fateis para poetas e pensadores gregos.<\/p><p>Sempre que se tratava de conceber o infort\u00fanio como pot\u00eancia agente, sem lhe conferir o pleno estatuto de uma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Um ser venerado como divino no seio de uma religi\u00e3o.\" tabindex=\"0\">divindade<\/span> nomeada, podia falar-se de uma Ker ou das Keres. Situam-se assim na fronteira entre personifica\u00e7\u00e3o, conceito de destino e demonologia \u2013 e \u00e9 precisamente nessa fronteira que reside o seu interesse para a hist\u00f3ria das religi\u00f5es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaa4ebda e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaa4ebda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf7b01df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf7b01df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Legado das Keren na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o tardo-antiga e neohel\u00e9nica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp70a8cae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp70a8cae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp316af1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp316af1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A quest\u00e3o de saber se e como as Keres sobreviveram ap\u00f3s o fim da religi\u00e3o antiga tem sido muito debatida na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o etnol\u00f3gica. Uma linha muito citada relaciona as antigas Keres com o <em>Charos<\/em> ou <em>Charontas<\/em> neogregos e com outras figuras da morte na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o popular grega.<\/p><p>De facto, o nome do antigo barqueiro Caronte transformou-se, na cren\u00e7a popular neogrecia, numa figura ativa da morte, frequentemente a cavalo, que vai buscar os seres humanos.<\/p><p>Investigadores do s\u00e9culo XIX e do in\u00edcio do s\u00e9culo XX, entre os quais Bernhard Schmidt no seu trabalho sobre a vida popular dos neogregos, procuraram ver em tais figuras uma continua\u00e7\u00e3o dos dem\u00f3nios da morte da Antiguidade. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o atual \u00e9 mais cautelosa.<\/p><p>Sublinha que entre as antigas Keres e as conce\u00e7\u00f5es neogregas da morte n\u00e3o \u00e9 demonstr\u00e1vel uma linha ininterrupta, e que camadas crist\u00e3s, bizantinas e de cultura popular se interp\u00f5em. Uma identidade direta entre a antiga Ker e o Charos neogrego n\u00e3o pode ser comprovada.<\/p><p>O que, pelo contr\u00e1rio, pode dizer-se com seriedade \u00e9 que a cultura grega manteve ao longo dos s\u00e9culos uma tend\u00eancia para pensar a morte como uma figura ativa, frequentemente amea\u00e7adora, em vez de apenas como um estado.<\/p><p>Nesta longa linha, a Ker encontra-se no in\u00edcio. Na rece\u00e7\u00e3o moderna \u2013 em l\u00e9xicos de <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas transmitidas sobre os deuses de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">mitologia<\/span>, na literatura fant\u00e1stica e nos videojogos \u2013 as Keres reapareceram, geralmente como esp\u00edritos alados da morte ou como dem\u00f3nios gen\u00e9ricos do campo de batalha.<\/p><p>Estas representa\u00e7\u00f5es retomam sobretudo a descri\u00e7\u00e3o dr\u00e1stica da <em>Aspis<\/em> e ignoram em grande medida os aspetos mais complexos \u2013 o conceito de destino e a integra\u00e7\u00e3o ritual. Para a an\u00e1lise cient\u00edfica, continua a ser decisivo distinguir a simplifica\u00e7\u00e3o popular da multifacetada <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmiss\u00e3o de conhecimentos e narrativas ao longo das gera\u00e7\u00f5es.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span> antiga.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liga\u00e7\u00f5es complementares<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liga\u00e7\u00f5es internas recomendadas:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/pt-pt\/griechenland\/\">Gr\u00e9cia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pt-pt\/erinyen\/\">Er\u00ednias<\/a> (transi\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3xima)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pt-pt\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a> (paralelo mesopot\u00e2mico)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pt-pt\/thanatos\/\">Thanatos<\/a> e Moirai (contexto mitol\u00f3gico)<\/li><li>Mitologia do campo de batalha<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"O conjunto das narrativas m\u00edticas transmitidas sobre os deuses de uma cultura.\" tabindex=\"0\">e culto dos mortos<\/span> e culto dos mortos<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fontes e bibliografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Uma sele\u00e7\u00e3o de obras centrais sobre as Keres e sobre as conce\u00e7\u00f5es gregas da morte:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Vermeule, Emily: <em>Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry<\/em>. Berkeley 1979.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Burkert, Walter: <em>Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche<\/em>. Stuttgart 1977.<\/span><\/li><li>Wachsmuth, Dietrich: &#8216;Keres&#8217;, in: <em>Der kleine Pauly<\/em>, Bd. 3.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane: <em>&#39;Reading&#39; Greek Death<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Literatura de refer\u00eancia (Gr\u00e9cia):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bremmer, Jan N.<\/strong>: <em>Greek Religion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bonnefoy, Yves<\/strong>: <em>Greek and Egyptian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Outras obras de refer\u00eancia no <a href=\"\/pt-pt\/literatur\/\">\u00edndice bibliogr\u00e1fico<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-keres-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-keres-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-keres\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-keres-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-keres-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">A pr\u00e1tica de prote\u00e7\u00e3o aqui descrita constitui uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica de tradi\u00e7\u00f5es hist\u00f3ricas. O iWell Guard retoma esta linha hist\u00f3rico-cultural de objetos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1teis e representa uma forma contempor\u00e2nea da mesma. <a href=\"\/pt-pt\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Saiba mais sobre o iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1683,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Keres \u2013 dem\u00f3nios do campo de batalha","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Keres \u2013 Esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Keres, dem\u00f3nios do campo de batalha \u2013 mensageiros da morte da mitologia grega. Hesiod e Homero, o seu lugar ao lado de Thanatos e o motivo","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[343,29,934,52,25],"class_list":["post-14665","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-espiritos","category-geister","category-grecia","category-griechenland","category-kulturen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Keres \u2013 Esp\u00edrito da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o grega<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Keres, dem\u00f3nios do campo de batalha \u2013 mensageiros da morte da mitologia grega. 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